第二部分 专题二 第一讲 第三节 情态动词和虚拟语气（学生用书Word）-【高考领航】2026年高考英语大一轮复习学案

第三节　情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一　情态动词 情态动词本身有词义，但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化，但是不能独立作谓语。 情 态 动 词 常考情 态动词 的用法 can 表示能力，一般意为“能，会” 表示许可 could can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力 在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思 may 表示请求、许可 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”，通常是用“may＋sb/sth＋动词原形” must 表示主观看法，意为“必须” must开头的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为“needn't”或“don't have to” 否定形式mustn't表示“禁止，不许” need 表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 否定形式为needn't，意为“不必” 用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn't或don't have to 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化 dare 作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化 shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称的疑问句中) 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示警告、命令、要求、允诺等情感色彩 should 意为“应该”，也可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等 will 表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称 情态动 词表示 “推测” can/ could 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can't意为“不可能”，could表示推测时，语气比can弱 “can/could have done sth”表示推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情 may/ might 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中，might表示推测时不是may的过去式，只是表示其可能性较小 “may/might have done sth”表示推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情 must must可以表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句 “must have done sth”表示对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测，语气较强，意为“肯定/一定做过某事” should should表示推测的可能性比较大，表示有依据或有前提的推测，仅比must的可能性小一点，意为“按说应该……” should/ought to have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做，否定句表示“不该做某事而做了” [名师点津] 情态动词的特殊用法 (1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。 (2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。 (3)must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。 (4)may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。 (5)would可表示过去的习惯，与used to相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯，现在已不复存在。 (6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。 [即时演练]　用适当的情态动词填空 1．There are over 50，000 characters in modern Chinese but luckily，Chinese children __________ not learn all of them for everyday purpose. 2．When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we ____________ go to the cinema together every weekends. 3．—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. —Well，you never know! You ____________ have made a better impression than you think. 4．Whatever your field ____________ be，it's very important to create a good habit to read beyond your horizons. 5．If you ____________ have a cigarette，choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section. 6．According to a newly released regulation on online video services，no one ____________ generate，release or spread fake news or information by using technology. 考点二　虚拟语气 1．if条件句中的虚拟语气 类型 从句中谓语 动词形式 主句中谓语动词形式 与现在事 实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋ have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 should/were to＋动词原形；动词的过去式 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If he had time now，he would(should/could/might) go with you.(与现在事实相反) 如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。 If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(should/could/might) have met the famous singer.(与过去事实相反) 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。 If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening，they would (should/could/might) not go out.(与将来事实相反) 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。 2．省略if的条件句 在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，当谓语动词含有had，were，should时，可以把if省略，将had，were，should提到句首，变为倒装句。 Had you(＝If you had) come earlier，you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。 Were I in your position (＝If I were in your position)，I wouldn't do that silly thing. 如果我处于你的位置，我就不会做那件傻事。 Should it rain(＝If it should rain)，I would stay at home. 如果下雨，我就待在家里。 3．错综时间虚拟条件句 当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed the doctor's advice，you would be better now.(从句跟过去事实相反，主句跟现在事实相反) 如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话，你现在就好多了。 If we hadn't booked the room earlier，we would be at a loss now.(从句跟过去事实相反，主句跟现在事实相反) 如果我们没有早点订房间，我们现在就会不知所措了。 4．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用介词(短语)(but for/without)或连词(otherwise/or)来表示。 Without/But for(＝If it hadn't been for) your generous help，I couldn't have gone through that bitter period. 如果没有你慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。 I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。 5．名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (1)用于主语从句 在It is/was important/necessary/possible/essential/natural/strange/suggested/ ordered/advised/requested/demanded that...等主语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。 It is necessary that we (should) master at least one foreign language. 我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。 (2)用于宾语从句 表示“要求、命令、建议、请求”等动词后的宾语从句中 在insist，urge，order，command，require，demand，request，suggest，advise，propose，recommend等引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形” wish后的宾语从句中 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去时 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时 与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“could/might/would＋动词原形” would rather后的宾语从句中 与现在或将来事实相反，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去时 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时 (3)用于表语从句和同位语从句 句子主语是suggestion，advice，proposal等名词时，that引导的表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”；在以上名词后由that引导的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。 My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. 我的建议是我们应该尽力缩减产量，减少制造和购买物品的数量。 He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date of the meeting. 他同意了我提出的更改会议日期的建议。 6．特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 对过去 的虚拟 对现在 的虚拟 对将来 的虚拟 if only引导 的条件句及 感叹句 had＋过 去分词 过去式 (be动词 用were) would/could/ should/might＋ 动词原形 as if/though 引导的表语 从句及方式 状语从句 had＋过 去分词 过去式 (be动词 用were) would/could/ should/might＋ 动词原形 It is (high) time (that)... 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略 [即时演练]　单句语法填空 1．There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I ____________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. 2．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I ____________ (have)time，I would certainly go to the movies with you. 3．The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I ____________ (be) there before! 4．If we ____________ (catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 5．It is high time that you __________________ (consider) that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little. 6．He was still running with a smile on his face，as if nothing ______________________ (happen). Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If I ____________ (have) a chance to live my life again，I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young. 2．The father had hoped that his daughter ____________ (learn) to be satisfied so that the smallest joys in life appeared much bigger. 3．If only I ____________ (become) a wonderful chef and run a restaurant on my own in the future，where I could serve my guests with love and care. 4．If you don't want to go swimming，you ____________ as well stay at home. Actually，it is up to you to decide. 5．Nobody knows where the jewels have gone and they ____________ have been stolen. 6．If only Edward ____________ (remember) to finish his homework yesterday! Today，he wouldn't be in such a hurry to complete it before class. 7．Gary ____________ (play) but for a knee injury. It was a pity for him to miss such an important game. 8．If Mike should have a clear exercising goal，he __________ (make) full use of his time. 9．I would rather you ____________ (help) me clean the house or cook the meals than lay on the sofa all day long. 10．If I ____________ (live) out of town at that time，I would have taken up gardening as a hobby. Ⅱ.语法填空 I once made a serious mistake in my life and I will never forget it. My deskmate is a boy from the countryside，and he always admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel 1.________ (encourage) by his compliments (赞美). One day，2.________ we learned the new word “eccentric” in class，we 3.________ (ask) to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy 4.________ clothes never fit him.”Hearing this，the whole class burst into 5.________ (laugh) and my deskmate's face turned red.6.________ class，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate 7.________ (drop) out of school if he hadn't been helped by others. My mindless words must have hurt him 8.________ (deep). Not until then did I realize that words could be powerful 9.________ both positive and negative ways. What we should always remember is that we should try our best not 10.________ (hurt) others if we can't always be encouraging when we speak. 第三节　情态动词和虚拟语气 重点难点透析 考点一　情态动词 [即时演练] 1．need　2.would　3.may/might　4.may/might　5.must　6.shall 考点二　虚拟语气 [即时演练] 1．had　2.had　3.had been　4.had caught 5．considered /should consider 6．had happened 素养提能训练 Ⅰ. 1．had　2.would learn　3.would/could/might become　4.may　5.might/could　6.had remembered　7.should/would/could/might have played　8.should/would/could/might make　9.had helped　10.had lived Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在人生中犯了一个严重的错误，一句无心的话语深深地伤害了他的同桌的故事。 1．encouraged　考查形容词。feel为系动词，后跟形容词。 2．when　考查从属连词。分析句子及上下文语境可知，所填词引导时间状语从句，应用when。 3．were asked　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。被要求用eccentric造句，所以应用被动语态，又因事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是we，为复数，故填were asked。 4．whose　考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，并表示所属关系，应用whose。 5．laughter　考查名词。burst into laughter意为“放声大笑”，为固定搭配。 6．After　考查介词。此处指“下课后”，after class为固定表达。 7．would have dropped　考查虚拟语气。从“if he hadn't been helped by others”可知，此处是过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气，主句谓语为“would/should/might/could have＋过去分词”，从句用“had＋过去分词”。 8．deeply　考查副词。deep作副词指具体事物的深度，修饰带有感情色彩的动词通常用deeply。 9．in　考查介词。表示“通过某种方式”通常用in...way。 10．to hurt　考查非谓语动词。try one's best to do sth意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，为固定用法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $