第一部分 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（教师用书Word）-【高考领航】2026年高考英语大一轮复习学案

情感描写之“惊讶” 续写词块积累 续写金句背诵 1.a look of surprise spread over/flashed across one's face　脸上出现惊讶的表情 2．be numb with surprise/shock 惊呆 3．eyes widen in surprise/astonishment 惊讶地睁大眼睛 4．stare/look at sb with wide eyes 目瞪口呆地看着某人 5．too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话 6．one's mouth drops/hangs open in surprise 惊讶地张大嘴 7．be thrown into astonishment 大吃一惊 8．be speechless with shock 惊得说不出话 1.A look of surprise flashed across my face when Mary grabbed a small piece of tofu and ate it. 当玛丽抓起一小块豆腐吃了起来时，我的脸上掠过一丝惊讶。 2．I stared at them with wide eyes as they were going on about how lucky I was that my mom took the time to prepare a cooked meal for me. 我目瞪口呆地看着他们，他们继续说我的妈妈花时间给我做饭，我是多么幸运。 3．Hearing the unexpected news，Mary froze with shock，as if rooted to the spot. 听到这个意外的消息，玛丽呆住了，动弹不得。 4．His eyes grew wide/widened in surprise/astonishment when he heard the news.听到这个消息后，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 5．Much to my surprise，I saw the bright smile on his thin face，and I couldn't believe my eyes. 令我吃惊的是，我看到他瘦削的脸上灿烂的笑容，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 重 点 词 汇 1 vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt that enough sleep is vital for/to the students' physical and mental health. ②对我们来说，掌握一些基本的生活技能，为我们未来的生活做好准备是至关重要的。(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) It is vital for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life. ③如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。(读后续写之主旨升华) If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we (should) begin with small things． be vital to/for ...　对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 be of vital importance/significance 至关重要 [名师点津]　It is necessary/vital/important that...(should) do sth should 可以省略。 2 commit vt. 承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(☞committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的☞commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Moreover，there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and were committed to working(work) for the benefit of others. ②With a new sense of energy and commitment (commit)，Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal.(北师大必修二U6) ③我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写) I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face red with embarrassment. ④我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这一定会对你的英语口语有益。 I strongly recommend that you (should) commit one hour to reading English on a daily basis，which will be undoubtedly beneficial to your oral English. (1)commit mistakes/a crime　　犯错/犯罪 (2)commit sb/oneself to do sth 承诺做某事 (3)commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 commit sth to(doing) sth 投入……(做)某事 (4)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (5)make a commitment 保证/承诺 3 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 [练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat) in the competition，which made us quite depressed. ②When Coach Pitt said “Nice work！” to her at the finish line，Eva was surprised.Such an encouraging acknowledgement (acknowledge)replaced her initial expectation of criticism.(2024·浙江卷1月读后续写) ③孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) →Confucius is universally/widely acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest ancient educators in China. →It is universally/widely acknowledged that Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in China. (1)acknowledge ...as/to be...　　　　承认……是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事 acknowledge that... 承认…… (2)It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。 4 insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As a consequence of some solid evidence，the police officer insisted that the lady had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules. ②You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you insist on putting what you have learnt into use.(应用文之建议信) ③我的女儿坚决要求我们在下一个村庄露营，她的眼中闪着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之情感描写) My daughter insisted that we (should) go camping in the next village，her eyes twinkling with excitement. (1)insist(坚持说/认为) that...，从句用陈述语气。 (2)insist(坚决要求/主张) that sb (should) do...，从句用虚拟语气。 (3)insist on doing sth意为“坚持做某事”。 5 conclusion n．结论；推论(☞conclude vt.断定；推断出；使结束，终止) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.” ②总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) In conclusion/To conclude，Confucius was a remarkable historical figure whose theories have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society. ③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：只有通过亲身实践才能掌握生活的技能。(2023·全国乙卷) →I concluded from my own experiences that only by practicing in person can I master the skills of living.(conclude) →I came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that only by practicing in person can I master the skills of living.(conclusion) (1)in conclusion＝to conclude　　最后；总之 come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 (2)conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束 conclude from... 从……中得出结论 6 consequence n．结果；后果(☞consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的☞consequently adv. 因此) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As you progress through life，you may study and work in new environments.Consequently(consequent)，you will be exposed to many new ideas，beliefs，practices and learning experiences.(译林选必四U4) ②在老师不断地鼓励下，她努力学习，取得了很大的进步。 As a consequence/result of her teacher's frequent encouragement，she worked hard and made great progress. ③由于缺少政府的支持，这项计划很快就失败了。 The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence/In consequence/As a result/Consequently，it broke down soon. as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result　　　因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为；由于 face/take the consequences 面对/承担结果 经 典 句 式 1 句型公式：upon/on doing意为“一……就……；在……的时候；当……时” 教材原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country ...” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这荣誉不仅仅属于我，也属于我背后的团队以及我的祖国的人民……” [练透]——完成句子/句型转换 ①一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。(2022·新高考卷读后续写) On hearing the shot of the race，everyone just rushed forward；only a small thin body was staggering behind. ②The instant/moment she saw the breakfast，the mother felt a wave of happiness sweeping over her.(2021·新高考卷读后续写) →On/Upon seeing the breakfast，the mother felt a wave of happiness sweeping over her. 其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式： (1)as soon as＋句子； (2)由名词构成的连词：“the instant/moment/minute”＋句子； (3)由副词作连词：“instantly/immediately/directly”＋句子。 2 句型公式：it作形式主语 教材原句：It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。 [练透]——完成句子 ①作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任，海洋是地球的肺。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) As high school students，it's our responsibility to protect the oceans，which are the lungs of our planet. ②我很荣幸能代表我的班级参加写作比赛。(2023·新课标卷读后续写) It is a great honour for me to represent my class to take part in the writing contest. ③听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。 I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China． it作形式主语的常用句式： (1)It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It is one's great honour to do sth (2)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 (3)It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 (4)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 要 点 拾 遗 1 passion n．酷爱；激情 [练透]——完成句子 在那里工作期间，出于对知识的渴求，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 2 found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 [练透]—— 单句语法填空 Founded (found) in 2016，the radio program is aimed at providing a good platform for the students to share their school life.(2022·新高考卷应用文) 3 circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 [练透]——完成句子 我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 Under/In no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.If circumstances permit/allow，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. 4 take up a position 担任；任职 [练透]——单句语法填空 ①I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson for beginner.(2023·全国乙卷书面表达) ②With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look. ③When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 层级一　语基落实练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．(2024·浙江卷1月读后续写)Then she gradually(gradual)expanded her horizon to the other parts of the floor. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)After two years，the second group saw remarkable (remark) improvements in heart health. 3．Encountering (encounter) a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day，the servant fled (flee) with her heart beating wildly. 4．From these facts we can draw a conclusion (conclude) that we ought to adopt a more scientific (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs. 5．Mei Lanfang plays a key role in bringing Peking Opera to the world，leading (lead) to the international status and recognition that it has today. 6．Upon graduating (graduate) from the university，the committed man took up a position in the company. 7．The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made (make) full use of to do the work well. 8．It is of vital significance that we (should) learn something from failure. 9．Committed(commit) to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn't spare any time to go on holiday. 10．(北师大必修二U6)Reeve was born on 25 September，1952 in New York—the son of Franklin Reeve，a teacher and novelist(novel)，and Barbara Pitney，a journalist. Ⅱ.熟词生义练/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍 1．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新颖的 (2)(2022·全国乙卷)A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear：Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.实验对象 (3)Learning how to acknowledge someone who helps you is a traditional Chinese outstanding virtue.感谢 (4)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.目标 2．选出flow的含义 A．n.流动 B．n.连贯；流畅　C．n.供应 D．vi.(液体)流动　E．vi.(大量人或物)流动 (1)Believing in such a world，many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital，labour and goods，with poor results.__A__ (2)As we know，the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.__C__ (3)Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from the troubled region into the district.__E__ (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. __D__ (5)Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.__B__ 层级二　写作提分练 人物介绍——我最尊敬的人 一、根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(be committed to) The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life. 2．无论他遇到什么困难，他决不承认失败。(encounter；倒装；under/in no circumstances；acknowledge；defeat) Whatever difficulties he encounters，under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat. 3．自从他就职，他坚持全心全意为所有病人服务。(take up one's position；insist on) Ever since he took up his position，he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul. 4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语) In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses. 5．几年前一场地震发生的时候，一听说灾区急需医生，他毫不犹豫地前往那里。(upon/on doing) When an earthquake happened a few years ago，upon/on hearing that the stricken area was in great need of doctors，he went there without hesitation. 二、请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇将以上各句合并成美文 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [参考范文] The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.Whatever difficulties he encounters，under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat.Ever since he took up his position，he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul.In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.Therefore，when an earthquake happened a few years ago，upon/on hearing that the stricken area was in great need of doctors，he went there without hesitation. 教材语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)；obtain；acknowledge；defeat；insist on；come to power；encounter；mourn [人物描写]　committed；academic；genius；gentle；passion n．→passionate adj.；extraordinary；moustache；peculiarity；remarkable 美句 1.Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(人物描写) 2．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华) 3．Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写) 4．To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(人物描写) 5．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(比喻) 拓展语料积累——优秀品行 续写语料 语段背诵 情 感 描 写 ①boil with anger　　怒火中烧 ②gently adv. 温柔地 ③flush with shame and embarrassment 满脸通红，羞愧难当 ④tears of regret flowing down one's cheeks 悔恨的泪水从脸颊滑落 ⑤harden one's voice 声音严厉起来 ⑥amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 ⑦be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事 根据语境，补全小语段，并背诵成文 All the windows were closed.The mother seemed to be boiling with anger but continued calmly，“How amazing the cat is！”①Still unwilling to acknowledge he was wrong(仍然不愿承认自己错了)，Ben held his head high，insisting it was the cat that broke the vase.Instead of laying bare the truth，the mother gently pressed another chocolate into his hand，and Ben flushed with shame and embarrassment. “Mom，I'm sorry.It was not the cat; it was me ...”②he stammered out the truth，tears of regret flowing down his cheeks(他结结巴巴地说了实话，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来).“If so，I have to take back these chocolates，”the mother hardened her voice.“But your honesty deserves an award—a box of chocolates.”③How he wished the ground could open up and swallow him(他多么希望地上有个洞自己能钻进去啊)！ 动 作 描 写 ①hold one's head high　　昂首挺胸 ②lay bare the truth 说穿真相 ③stammer out the truth 结结巴巴地说 了实话 ④deserve an award 值得奖励 限时规范训练(17) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A 难度：☆☆☆ For Mireille Kamariza，a graduate student at one of the world's top universities，the fight against tuberculosis (TB) (结核病)，which sickens nearly 10 million people a year，is not just about scientific progress and reputation.It's personal. Kamariza grew up in the small African country of Burundi，where many around her were stricken with TB.In Burundi，it's rare for girls to attend college.“Science was something that Europeans and Americans did，” she says，“It was for other people—not for me.” “I never dreamt Kamariza would become a scientist because it is a career path that is unknown in Burundi，” says Denise Sinankwa，Kamariza's mother.She and her husband were raising four kids，and Sinankwa often did multiple jobs to feed the family.But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good-paying job and be able to support herself. When Kamariza was 17，she went to San Diego，US，in the fall of 2006 with her brothers.They took various jobs at grocery stores，restaurants and shops.At San Diego Mesa College，she met Saloua Saidane，her chemistry teacher，who was a fellow French-speaking African.“She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，” says Kamariza.She is now a graduate student at Stanford University. Kamariza wanted to focus on infectious disease.So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.They eventually came up with a new test that recognises a sugar，called trehalose，that is only found in TB bacteria (细菌).Current TB tests take a lot of time and effort and are not very sensitive—some infections are missed.TB cultures are more reliable but take six weeks to produce a result.Kamariza's methods could make TB diagnoses simpler and more accurate. In 2018，Harvard offered Kamariza a position in its Society of Fellows.“I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，” she says.“At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。 1．What can we infer about Denise Sinankwa？(　　) A．She once got infected with TB. B．She dreamt about being a scientist. C．She valued her daughter's education. D．She encouraged her kids to study science. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段“But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good-paying job and be able to support herself.”可知，Denise Sinankwa重视女儿的教育。故选C。 2．What does Kamariza say about Saloua Saidane？(　　) A．Saidane had a big influence on her. B．Saidane seldom spoke highly of her. C．Saidane had unrealistic expectations. D．Saidane was unfriendly to her students. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，’says Kamariza.”可知，Kamariza认为Saloua Saidane对她影响很大。故选A。 3．Why did Kamariza work with her partner？(　　) A．To shorten the time used to cure TB. B．To produce more reliable TB cultures. C．To develop a faster test to diagnose TB. D．To figure out the bacteria leading to TB. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.”可知，Kamariza要和她的搭档合作是为了开发一种更快的结核病诊断方法。故选C。 4．What can we learn from Kamariza's experience？(　　) A．Luck often plays a vital part in scientific research. B．We should pursue our passions despite difficulties. C．Hard work does not necessarily pay off eventually. D.Scientific progress and the reputation matter equally. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，’she says.‘At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.’”并结合文章可知，Kamariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重，我们也应该追求我们的激情。故选B。 B 难度：☆☆☆ Many of us remember the feeling of having our braces(牙箍)regularly adjusted and retightened at the dentist's.And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error，which can lead to too many visits to the dentist's. Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations(模拟) of an individual patient's jaw，which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient's teeth and plan the best possible treatment.To create these simulations，the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small，fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth.This type of precise digital simulation is referred to as a digital twin，a virtual model that lives in the cloud. The virtual model can answer what's happening in the real world，and do so instantly.For example，one can ask what would happen if you pushed on one tooth and get answers with regards to where it would move and how it would affect other teeth.The model also helps to predict the post treatment effect，achieve “visualization” of treatment，and facilitate patients to understand the plan of straightening their teeth.What's more，it has enabled more flexible and convenient digital medical follow-up services. The area of research that uses digital twins is relatively new.“ However，we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry，” Erleben said，“In the future，the virtual model can be used to plan and improve，and can therefore be used to operate companies，robots，factories and used much more in the energy，healthcare and other fields.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Erleben教授和他的团队利用电脑建模制作3D牙齿模拟以帮助牙医的事情。 5．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? (　　) A．The professional integrity of dentists. B．The current state of dental treatment. C．The procedure of retightening braces. D．The intervention of modern technology. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，我们中的许多人都记得定期去牙医那里调整和重新紧固牙套的感觉。干预措施完全基于牙医的估计，涉及大量的反复试验，这可能会导致去牙医那里太多次。由此可见，本段主要讲述了现如今人们看牙的状况，故B项正确。 6．Which was the first step in creating 3D simulations? (　　) A．Predicting treatment effect. B．Designing a computer model. C．Drawing the shape of a mouth. D．Obtaining the details of teeth. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To create these simulations...between the jawbone and the teeth.”可知，为了创建这些模拟，在获得牙齿和下颌骨和牙齿之间的小且难以看出的结构的详细CT图像后，该计算机模型被用来绘制人类牙齿集。由此可见，创建3D模拟的第一步是获得牙齿的详细信息，故D项正确。 7．What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins？(　　) A．Doubtful.　　　 B．Curious. C．Favorable. D．Dismissive. 解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Erleben所说的话“In the future...more in the energy，healthcare and other fields.”可知，Erleben认为，在未来，虚拟模型可以被用于计划和改善，因此也可被用于运作公司、机器人和工厂，也可在能源、医疗保健和其他领域得到更多应用。由此可见，Erleben对于数字孪生的态度是支持、赞成的，故C项正确。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　　) A．Why Digital Twins Make a Hit? B．Where Virtual Treatment Goes? C．What Trouble Dentists Encounter? D．How a Virtual Model Aids Dentists? 解析：D　标题归纳题。本文第一段主要讲述了现如今人们看牙的状况，第二段则提到了针对目前状况，Erleben和他的团队利用电脑建模制作3D牙齿模拟，第三段讲到了3D牙齿模拟的作用，最后一段主要讲述了3D牙齿模拟的前景。综上可知，本文主要讲述了3D牙齿模拟的应用和前景，D项“一个虚拟模型是如何帮助牙医的”适合作本文的标题，故D项正确。 C 难度：☆☆☆☆ German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time，the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution，two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jurgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world. For the first time ever，by setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge，Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone. As a large part of the book explains，Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution，not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch，but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries，as well as nineteenth-century physicists. The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders，he meant that，without their contributions，he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity. The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein，of all people，revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that，to understand his genius，one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read，the book will interest physicists and historians alike. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。 9．What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein？(　　) A．Opposing. B．Favorable. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent. 解析：A　观点态度题。根据第二段“For the first time ...Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception ...and by pure thought alone.”可推知，这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度。故选A项。 10．What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean？(　　) A．From nothing. B．Up to a certain standard. C．By learning from others. D．With previous knowledge. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段的内容可知，这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世，而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。故选A项。 11．What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists？(　　) A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. C．Their research contributed to Einstein's success. D．Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世，而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家Galileo Galilei和英国物理学家Isaac Newton等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果。故选C项。 12．Where is the text most probably taken from？(　　) A．A guidebook to a course. B．An introduction to a book. C．An essay on Albert Einstein. D．A review of physics development. 解析：B　文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight ...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read，the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知，全文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书，所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) 难度：☆☆☆ (2025·湖南衡阳模拟) With the development of globalization, “interconnectivity” has become a buzzword (流行词) of the modern world.Although this trend brings lots of advantages, it can also present some challenges.__1(____)__ Understanding and overcoming cultural barriers is very important in daily life.Here are some tips on how to properly handle cultural differences. Be self-aware and acknowledge differences.Most cross-cultural misunderstandings come from a single-minded opinion.If we judge others through our own culture, we may end up with wrong interpretations.Failing to acknowledge differences may easily lead to misconceptions and even conflicts.__2(____)__ Do research and learn about other cultures.After cultural differences are acknowledged, it's important to learn more about them.__3(____)__ Understanding the reasoning behind one's actions can reduce “wrong labeling” and lead to a more effective cooperation and communication process. __4(____)__ Try your best to avoid quick judgments and be open to new beliefs and behavior.Find out what you have in common and learn how to make the best use of each unique characteristic.Respect the fact that others have distinct core values. All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lot of work.__5(____)__ When you meet people from different cultures and backgrounds next time, just be mindful, and stay open-minded and patient. A．One of them is cultural barriers. B．Be open-minded, adaptable and respectful. C.You can either do your own research or simply ask others about them. D．Employees should be prepared to work in a multicultural environment. E．However, the results of overcoming these barriers far outweigh the effort. F.Actually, travelling abroad is not the only way to overcome cultural barriers. G．Therefore, we should accept differences and learn more about others' backgrounds. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了处理文化差异的建议，包括自我认知、学习不同文化和保持开放、尊重的态度。 1．解析：A　由上文“Although this trend brings lots of advantages, it can also present some challenges.”可知，本空要说跟“挑战”相关的内容。A选项提到“它们其中之一就是文化障碍”，选项中的them指的就是前文提到的challenges。 2．解析：G　由上文“Failing to acknowledge differences may easily lead to misconceptions and even conflicts.”可知，本空要说跟“接受差异”相关的内容。G选项提到“因此我们应该接受差异并更多了解他人的背景”，选项中的“we should accept differences”与上文的“acknowledge differences”相呼应，differences是原词复现。 3．解析：C　由上文“After cultural differences are acknowledged, it's important to learn more about them.”可知，本空要说跟“了解文化差异”的方法相关的内容。C选项提到“你可以自己做研究或简单地向他人询问”，选项中的them和前一句的them均指代文化差异，符合逻辑。 4．解析：B　空格处位于句首，是本段的主题句，由下文“Try your best to avoid quick judgments and be open to new beliefs and behavior.Find out what you have in common and learn how to make the best use of each unique characteristic.Respect the fact that others have distinct core values.”可知，B选项提到“要保持开放的心态、适应能力和尊重”，符合语境。 5．解析：E　由上文“All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lot of work.”可知，本空要说跟“克服文化差异的好处”相关的内容。E选项提到“但是克服这些障碍的结果远远超过了付出的努力”，符合逻辑。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $