第一部分 必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES（教师用书Word）-【高考领航】2026年高考英语大一轮复习学案

情感描写之“不安”和“绝望”(二) 续写词块积累 续写金句背诵 1.look in despair　绝望地看着 2．watch helplessly 无助地/眼睁睁地 看着 3．give sb a look of desperation 绝望地看了某人一眼 4．a look of desperation 绝望的眼神 5．utter a cry of despair 发出绝望的叫声 6．sigh with despair 绝望地叹气 7．in despair 绝望地 8．feel uneasy 觉得不安 9．throw sb into desperation 使某人陷入绝望 1.An uneasy silence settled over the room.The doctor's words threw me into great desperation. 房间里弥漫着一种令人不安的寂静，医生的话让我陷入了极大的绝望。 2．As the minutes turned into hours，fear and desperation overwhelmed us and we couldn't help but wonder if anyone would ever hear us.随着时间一分一秒地过去，恐惧和绝望开始占据我们的内心，我们不禁开始怀疑是否有人会听到我们的呼救声。 3．Worse still，fog began creeping into the valley.Everything was swallowed by darkness，leaving us even more helpless.更糟糕的是，雾开始慢慢地向山谷蔓延。一切都被黑暗吞没了，这让我们更加无助。 4．As the result of an accident，Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness. 由于一场事故，托尼突然被投入黑暗之中，陷入了绝望。 重 点 词 汇 1 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(☞response n．回答；回复；反应) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Greatly surprised by her response(respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，respect and shame.(读后续写之情感描写) ②每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。 Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately． ③我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。(2023·北京卷书面表达) I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”． (1)respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 (2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 2 appoint vt.任命；委派(☞appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任☞appointed adj.约定的；指定的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to pick (pick) you up at the airport. ②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you. ③由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(2021·北京卷) Having made an appointment with the dentist，I am terribly sorry for being unable to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time．(分词短语作状语). (1)appoint sb as/to be...　　　任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (2)make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 3 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(☞tendency n．倾向，趋势) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Rather than take up outdoor activities，people tend to reduce (reduce) movements and choose to stay at home to keep fit in various ways. ②As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get (get) anxious with time going by. ③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文之感谢信) I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms.Wang who tended my mother in the hospital． (1)tend to do sth　易于做某事；往往会发生某事 (2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 4 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(☞scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的☞scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After watching a scary (scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi. ②当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。 When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death． ③意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写) Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly，scared to look at my father's cloudy face．(形容词短语作状语) (1)be scared to do sth　　　害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 (2)scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 5 replace vt.接替；取代；更换 [练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As far as I'm concerned，it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. ②喜欢其他文化并向其学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 →It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace your own culture． →It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never take the place of your own culture． (1)replace sth with/by sth　　用……替换…… (2)take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替 (3)in place of 代替 6 assist vt.帮助；援助(☞assistance n．帮助；援助☞assistant n．助手；助理) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching assistant (assist).(应用文之申请信) ②Seeing more and more leaves falling down on our campus，an idea flashed through my mind that I would assist the cleaners to pick (pick)leaves to prevent them from scattering all over the campus. ③正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上也洋溢着笑容。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) When the twins were worried that they couldn't succeed in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance．With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them，the twins made it，and their faces also lit up with a smile. (1)assist sb to do/in doing sth　　帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 (2)come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人 with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 7 tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt.(tore，torn)撕破 [练透]——句式升级/完成句子 ①David raised his head and stared at me and his eyes were filled with tears.(2022·新高考卷读后续写) →David raised his head and stared at me，his eyes filled with tears．(独立主格结构) ②随着所有的愤怒和失望在我心中爆发，我终于哭了起来。 With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart，I finally burst into tears． ③听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。(读后续写之情感描写) Hearing their plan，Bernard jumped for joy，tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes． 关于哭的描写： in tears　　　　　　流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 hold back tears 强忍住泪水 be close to tears 快要哭了 be filled with tears 泪流满面 be in floods of tears 大哭；泪如泉涌 经 典 句 式 1 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 教材原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life，... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，…… [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Hard though it is，there is nothing as valuable as the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself.(读后续写之主旨升华) ②对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之主旨升华) To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble. ③“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新高考卷读后续写) “I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. (1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。 (2)含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达： ①否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ②否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ③have/had never/not＋v.-ed＋such＋形容词原级＋名词 2 句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原句：After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head. 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①My teacher entered the classroom，an infectious smile spreading (spread) on his face.(2023·新课标卷读后续写) ②Many wonderful works exhibited (exhibit)on the exhibition，I firmly believe that everyone will definitely have a good time there.(2021·浙江卷6月) ③有许多事情要解决，经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。 The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan，many things to settle． ④我紧张地看着爸爸，我的双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。(读后续写之心理描写) →I looked at my father nervously，my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly．(独立主格结构) →I looked at my father nervously，with my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly．(with复合结构) (1)用法：独立主格结构在句中作状语，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开，表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。 (2)形式： 名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行) 名词/代词＋done (被动/完成) 名词/代词＋to do (未发生) 名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 要 点 拾 遗 1 complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚(☞complaint n．抱怨，投诉) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I feel it no use complaining (complain)；instead，I should take action immediately. ②困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是相互理解。(读后续写之主旨升华) In time of difficulty，what we need is not to complain but to understand each other. 2 in memory of 作为对……的纪念 [练透]——补全句子 ①The monument is set up in memory of/in honour of the soldiers who gave their lives to the country(纪念为国捐躯的战士). ②In terms of the environment(就环境而言)，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.(外研必修三U3) 3 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(☞harmful adj.有害的☞harmless adj.无害的；不会导致损伤的) [练透]——单句语法填空 ①These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing serious harm to life and the environment.(应用文之倡议书) ②There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful(harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide.(2023·全国乙卷) 4 a great deal (of) 许多；大量 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A great deal of money was (be) donated to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention. ②参加我们精心组织的活动，你会从中获益良多。 By participating in our well-organized activities，you will benefit a great deal from them． 层级一　语基落实练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published(publish) artist. 2．During the last ten years，the number of people taking part in physical fitness programmes has been increasing sharply(sharp). 3．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work. 4．As we know，recent years have witnessed (witness) great changes taking place in China，particularly in Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai. 5．The students seemed to be expecting another boring and dull lesson，some dropping their eyes and some whispering(whisper) in the back rows. 6．(译林必修一U4)What's more，they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic(energy) and fit. 7．(2024·浙江卷1月)The chief complaint(complain) about online courses is that they lack human interaction. 8．I told him how harmful(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 9．Nowadays more and more people tend to take some extra courses to sharpen(sharp) their skills. 10．As Beijing is the first city to host (host) both the Summer and Winter Games，the 2022 Olympic Torch features a similar design to the 2008 Olympic Torch. Ⅱ.熟词生义练/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍 1．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors. 寓意 (2)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day.撕掉 (3)The dog was chained to the leg of one solid garden seat.用锁链拴住 (4)(2022·全国乙卷)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.运行；操作 (5)(2022·全国甲卷)When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (咬下的)一口 (6)Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.微弱的 2．选出sharp的含义 A． adj.急剧的 B． adj.敏锐的　C. adj.锋利的 D． adv.整点地　E. adj.急转的 F. adj.(声音)突然而响亮的 (1)(2023·浙江卷1月)Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.__F__ (2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.__A__ (3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.__E__ (4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning.__D__ (5)(2021·北京卷)I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.__B__ (6)(2023·浙江卷1月)It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.__C__ 层级二　写作提分练 人物介绍——我最敬爱的老师 一、根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 1．当说到我最尊敬的人时，第一个出现在我脑海里的人是我的英语老师张老师。(the＋序数词＋ n．＋to do sth) When it comes to the person I respect most，the first person to come to my mind is my English teacher Miss Zhang. 2．她是一位热情敬业的老师，把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。(tend；定语从句) She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher，who tends and instructs us as if we were her children. 3．她不仅教学方法灵活，而且不遗余力地帮助我们克服困难。(assist；部分倒装) Not only does she have a flexible teaching method，but she also spares no effort to assist us to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties. 4．每当我在学习和生活中遇到问题时，总是她帮助我渡过难关。(carry sb through sth；强调句型) Whenever I encounter problems in study and life，it is always she that/who carries me through the tough period. 5．她在工作上投入了大量的时间，取得了很大的成就，赢得了所有师生的尊敬。[a great deal (of)；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句] She has devoted a great deal of time to her work and has made great achievements，for which she has won respect from all the teachers and students. 6．我的英语老师是我最尊敬的人，在我们心目中没有人比她更美丽。(否定词＋比较级) My English teacher is the person I respect most and in our mind no one is more beautiful than her. 二、请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇将以上各句合并成美文 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [参考范文] When it comes to the person I respect most，the first person to come to my mind is my English teacher Miss Zhang. She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher，who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.Not only does she have a flexible teaching method，but she also spares no effort to assist us to overcome/in overcoming the difficulties.Additionally，whenever I encounter problems in study and life，it is always she that/who carries me through the tough period.She has devoted a great deal of time to her work and has made great achievements，for which she has won respect from all the teachers and students. All in all，my English teacher is the person I respect most and in our mind no one is more beautiful than her. 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in despair；tension；in tears [人物描写]　moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；elect；whisper；pass away；assist；replace 美句 1.As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother's death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(人物描写) 2．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(哲理感悟) 3．The king was in despair.(情感描写) 4．Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.(动作描写) 拓展语料积累——助妻子恢复信心 续写语料 语段背诵 情 感 描 写 ①throw sb in the depth of despair 　　　　　　　让某人陷入了绝望的深渊 ②be scared to do sth 不敢做某事 ③sob/weep with one's face buried in one's hands 掩面哭泣 ④be bathed in tears 泪流满面 ⑤be in floods of tears 泪如泉涌 ⑥heartbroken adj. 心碎的 根据语境，补全小语段，并背诵成文 Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to life after a chain of operations but went blind forever，①which threw her in the depth of despair(这让她陷入了绝望的深渊).Scared to face the future，she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands.②Seeing his wife bathed in tears(看到妻子泪流满面)，her husband，Mark，was heartbroken.He tended her with great care and ③determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence (决心帮助她恢复力量和信心) and step out of such a passive dilemma.He bought her a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and join in community activities.Gradually，Susan's tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.④It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation(是你帮助我渡过了难关).” 动 作 描 写 ①faint vi.　　　　　　　昏倒；晕厥 ②assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 ③step out of such a passive dilemma 走出困境 ④accompany sb 陪伴某人 ⑤join in community activities 参加社区活动 ⑥carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 限时规范训练(13) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A 难度：☆☆ Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports.That's usually the case because parents feel that could get their children admission to top colleges.However，Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently. Their 14-year-old son，Mike，is a prodigy．He is a member of Mensa，which is the world's top IQ club.He completed his high school，Associate's and Bachelor's degrees all in three years.That's not all.He also ran two tech companies，founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish，an invasive (入侵性的) species. But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills.Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son.Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills.“But once they talk to Mike，they understand that he's just a normal 14-year-old that happens to be able to do amazing things，” said Melissa. Mark and Melissa got to know about their child's intelligence before he entered preschool.A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast-track development.Many parents aren't comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds，but Mike's parents saw the value in letting their child go through it.“I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children，” said Melissa. The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find his own voice and put it to use.“We let him order food when he was 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people.Those kinds of things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more comfortable with talking to others outside of our environment，” said Melissa. Thanks to his parents，Mike has learned to get along with young and old alike. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Melissa和Mark Wimmer的儿子Mike是一个有天赋的孩子，他在学业和事业上取得了杰出的成就。Melissa和Mark很自豪他们能够帮助Mike提高社交能力和智力水平。 1．What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to？(　　) A．A gifted person. B．A famous student. C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“He is a member of Mensa ...an invasive (入侵性的) species.”可知，Mike是世界上最高级别的智商俱乐部门萨俱乐部的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位。他还经营着两家科技公司，并创立了第三家公司，该公司致力于控制入侵物种狮子鱼的数量。再结合选项可推知，此处表示Mike是一个有天赋的人。故选A。 2．What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon？(　　) A．He likes to make friends. B．He is a well-rounded boy. C．He is a popular child actor. D．He is poor at dealing with people. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills.”可知，《小谢尔顿》是一个关于一个天才儿童的电视节目，这个天才儿童是一个宅男，缺乏社交能力。故选D。 3．How did Mark and Melissa discover Mike's high intelligence？(　　) A．Through a recommendation from a child psychologist. B．Through observing Mike's behavior in preschool. C．Through participating in a special educational program. D.Through the information provided by Mike's school teachers. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast-track development.”可知，一个儿童心理学家告诉他们，他们的儿子需要一个不一样的课程来满足他的快速发展。故选A。 4．What do Mike's parents do to improve his social skills？(　　) A．Teach him some communication rules. B．Encourage him to speak in class. C．Place him in social situations. D．Let him go to school alone. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Many parents aren't comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds，but Mike's parents saw the value in letting their child go through it.”和第五段的“We let him order food when he was 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people ...to others outside of our environment”可知，Mike的父母让Mike身处社交场合来提高他的社交能力。故选C。 B 难度：☆☆☆ Rocks，cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at，but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll，they are radiant with meaning，telling a story. That tale is the Earth's history—how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life.Between those inhospitable beginnings and now，continents formed and were torn apart，mountain ranges appeared and disappeared，ice caps spread and receded.These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on. “He really tries to integrate all the available data—the geological，the biological and the chemical—and puts things in perspective.He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says，‘Oh，this is so-and-so and it came from this time period.’He is able to make this whole picture，understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time，” said Daniel Conley，a biogeochemistry professor. Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school.“I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen.That was a wonderful，wonderful thought，and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.” His popular science book A Brief History of Earth：Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action.“Here you stand，in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years，” Knoll wrote.“You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides，where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain.Once it was their world，and now it's yours，” he continued，“The difference between you and the dinosaurs，of course，is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future.The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility.What happens next is up to you.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史，以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。 5．What can be learned from rocks，cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes？(　　) A．The physical properties of rocks. B．The history of humans on the Earth. C．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters. D．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span. 解析：D　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“That tale is the Earth's history—how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life.” 可知，在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里，可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史，故选D。 6．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE？(　　) A．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists. B．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school. C．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil. D．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知，Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法，故选C。 7．What's the meaning of the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4？(　　) A．Puzzled.　　　　 B．Fascinated. C．Distracted. D．Affected. 解析：B　词义猜测题。画线后讲到“我还记得我12岁时的那种感觉和一种想法：把这块石头敲开，你会看到人类从未见过的东西。那是一个非常非常棒的想法，如果我发现了别人没有的东西或想法，我仍然会很兴奋”。结合所给选项可推知，此处表示“被化石迷住”，故选B。 8．What's the purpose of the passage？(　　) A．To illustrate the significance of fossils. B．To market a book on the Earth's history. C．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas. D．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth. 解析：C　写作意图题。文章第一段引入话题，提到了在常人看来没啥大用处的岩石、悬崖和采石场对于古生物学家Andrew Knoll来说却有着非凡的意义；后文以此话题展开，讲述了他对化石的研究与发现、他被化石吸引的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知，这篇文章以介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点为目的，故选C。 C 难度：☆☆☆☆ The Asch Conformity Experiments，conducted by psychologist Solomon Asch in the 1950s，demonstrated the power of conformity (从众) in groups and showed that even simple objective facts cannot resist the pressure of group influence. In the experiments，groups of university students were asked to participate in a perception test.In reality，all but one of the participants were “confederates”，cooperators with the experimenter who only pretended to be participants.The study was about how the remaining student would react to the behavior of the other “participants”． The participants of the experiments were presented with a card with a simple vertical (垂直的) black line on it.Then，they were given a second card with three lines of varying length labeled A，B，and C．One line on the second card was the same length as that on the first，and the other two lines were obviously longer and shorter. Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched the length of the line on the first card.In each experimental case，the confederates answered first，and the real participant was seated so that he would answer last.In some cases，the confederates answered correctly，while in others，they answered incorrectly. Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the instances when the confederates did so，or whether their belief in their own perception and correctness would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members. Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers，and only one-fourth gave correct answers in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group. In interviews following the trials，Asch found that for those who answered incorrectly，in conformance with the group，some believed that the answers given by the confederates were correct，some thought that they were suffering a lapse (失误) in perception when they originally had the answer different from the group，and others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer，but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪50年代美国心理学家所罗门·阿希对大学生做的从众实验的整个过程。 9．What are the participants asked to do in the experiments？(　　) A．Label the cards with different letters. B．Pick out two lines of the same length. C．State the reason for matching the cards. D．Identify the longest vertical black line. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched the length of the line on the first card.”可知，参与者被要求说出A、B、C哪一条线与第一张卡片中的线的长度一样，故选B。 10．What's paragraph 5 mainly about？(　　) A．The result of the experiments. B．The design of the experiments. C．The purpose of the experiments. D．The procedure of the experiments. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“Asch intended to see if ...or whether ...”可知，本段主要讲Asch设计实验的目的，故选C。 11．What does the underlined part “in defiance of” in paragraph 6 mean？(　　) A．In spite of. B．For fear of. C．In response to. D．On account of. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面的“one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time”可知，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与实验的“托”相同的错误答案，这就说明“托”给参与者带去了压力。据此可以推断，“四分之一给出正确答案的人”抵挡住了“托”的压力，故选A。 12．Why did the real participants give a wrong answer？(　　) A．They misunderstood the question. B．They believed their own judgment. C．They failed to resist group influence. D．They wanted to be different from others. 解析：C　细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer，but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority”可知，一些真正的参与者之所以回答错误是因为他们不愿意脱离大众，也就是说，他们受到了群体的影响，故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) 难度：☆☆☆ There are a lot of strategies for visiting a museum and avoiding “museum tiredness”．Consider what is mentioned below in planning.__1(____)__ Regardless of a museum's size，you'll get tired quickly if you try to look closely at every object displayed.Likewise，most museums provide lots of information about the objects on view.So don't try to read everything.__2(____)__ “Tombstone” labels are very brief and provide facts about the artist，their country，etc.There may be a number，which the museum uses to register the object，usually according to when it became a part of the collection，and a credit line that indicates the donor.Object labels are placed next to many objects.__3(____)__ The approach used to write museum labels has been much debated among art historians and museum professionals. __4(____)__ Ask for a map，or have museum staff suggest highlights in the collection or special exhibitions.Many museums have special tours，audioguides，or downloadable apps that point you to these objects. Some people recommend setting a specific amount of time for your visit (1 or 2 hours).__5(____)__ In addition to benches in the galleries，most museums have a cafe，a shop，a sculpture courtyard or gardens where you can hang out and relax for a bit. A．You'll likely meet with two types of labels. B．You are sure to make the most of your experience. C．It's always a good idea to stop by the information desk. D．It would also be wise to plan frequent breaks in the galleries. E．Note that these might not be artworks that you find appealing. F．If you live near，consider frequent visits to the changed exhibitions. G．These aim to give information not always obvious about the artwork. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了避免“博物馆疲劳”的策略。 1．解析：B　空处所在段落第一句提到避免“博物馆疲劳”的多种策略，并且空处前一句讲到让读者考虑下文所提到的规划建议，所以空后应该是考虑下文建议所带来的结果。B项符合语境。 2．解析：A　空后分别介绍了“‘Tombstone’labels”与“Object labels”两种标签的具体信息，所以A项与下文逻辑连贯，构成了总分关系。 3．解析：G　空前句子第一次提到“Object labels”，所以空处应该是对这种标签的详细介绍。G项衔接上文。另外，G项中的代词“These”与空前的“Object labels”存在指代关系，也加强了两句间的衔接。 4．解析：C　空处所在的段落从篇章结构角度看，应该和第二、四段并列，都是避免“博物馆疲劳”的具体策略。结合空后的内容可知，C项用来表达建议，符合段落大意。 5．解析：D　根据空后的逻辑信号词“In addition to”可知，空处应该会提到介词to后面所接的宾语“benches in the galleries”。D项中的“galleries”与空后的“galleries”为原词复现，且“breaks”与后文的“hang out and relax”意义一致。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $