考前押题02 语篇语法填空题（期中专项训练）高一英语上学期上海通用

专题02 语篇语法填空题 话题1 语言与学习 话题4 善举与公益行动 话题2 健康与饮食 话题5 社会生活与文化活动 话题3 旅游与生态 话题6 科学技术与知识前沿 话题1 语言与学习 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 1 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 2 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a shared language 3 a great extent. Since the early 1600s, the English language 4 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative-link of the country, 5 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 6 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly 7 English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet 8 (relate) activity. English has special national status in India. One 9 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 10 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot understand and interpret instructions in English, even though educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country 11 (control) by the Nazis. There isn’t enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country’s Jewish population.The Danes don’t know 12 their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don’t know 13 they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help. Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War I, the Nazis 14 (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of novel, but it tells the true story of the Jewish 15 (save) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much 16 (big) than the story itself. Anemarie must learn that evil doesn’t just appear in fairy tales. It’s a real thing that affects real people.She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough 17 (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that 18 (be) brave doesn’t mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact 19 you are afraid, That’s heavy stuff for a children’s novel. Lois Lowry, the author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent 20 has made her so celebrated. 话题2 健康与饮食 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When I was a child my family would always sit down together for meals. My favourite was among the simplest: spaghetti pomodoro, pasta in tomato sauce. We ate fresh vegetables and fruit, and, starting in our teenage years, 21 (drink) a glass of red wine. We ate together. I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto and practised a wide variety of outdoor sports. This centuries-old Mediterranean(地中海) diet kept me fit, 22 turned out to be good not just my personal well-being, but for the planet’s health too. In 2020 we will celebrate   23 tenth anniversary of UNESCO’s designation (指定) of this Mediterranean diet as a “Cultural Heritage of Humanity”. But unfortunately, Italians 24 (turn) away from their traditional healthy diet. We have started to eat more fast food and have increased our portions. 25 (few) Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were 26 the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries by the WHO. Poor nutrition is a global problem, not just an Italian one. The fact that it’s hitting Italy, the land 27 the Mediterranean diet originated, represents a dangerous contradiction-- one of many affecting the world of food. After years of decline, hunger is back on the rise. Globally, some 821 million people still do not have enough 28 (eat). Yet 29 the poor south hungers, the rich north gorges: some 2 billion people are overweight. We waste one-third of global food production. Livestock consume an estimated two-thirds of all the land that 30 (devote) to agriculture and contribute about half of farming-related greenhouse-gas emissions. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Signs You Are Eating Pre-Made Food at a Restaurant Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of. So how can you know for sure your food was made 31 you ever sat down at your table? Here’s how to tell if the food you’re eating is fresh. You may be excited to see your waitress approaching with your food not long after you order it, but the biggest sign 32 you’re dinning at a restaurant serving pre-made food is how quickly your food arrives at the table. A freshly prepared meal that’s made for people 33 (order) takes time. What doesn’t take much time is reheating pre-made food, 34 is often done at fast-food restaurants. An extensive menu means the chef 35 have all those ingredients on-hand, which makes it difficult to guarantee freshness along with timeliness. To solve this problem, chefs often use pre-made food. That can range from already packaged products 36 preparing the meals in advance, but either way, they’re getting a head start, and the quality of your meal may suffer from 37 . Often enough, the establishment you 38 (dine) at is the first indicator that your meal is pre-made. Choosing a chain restaurant for your dining destination may seem like a safe choice, for you know what’s on the menu and you know 39 it’s going to taste like, no matter what city you’re in. Say you’re at a restaurant and you order a steak. You wait in anticipation, watering at the thought of 40 (slice) into a juicy steak. Your order arrives, and it looks just like you imagined it would, except for the taste. That’s probably because your steak hit the microwave before it hit your plate! 话题3 旅游与生态 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There is a tendency to feel out of control and more fearful when we are unfamiliar with or don’t understand something. When I hear people who don’t travel 41 (express) fears about faraway places, I like to ask them how they formed their opinion. Usually it is from outdated news stories, friend-of-a-friend anecdotes (趣闻轶事), or politically-motivated tales. It is rare to meet a fearful traveler. It is even rarer to meet a traveler that grows more fearful as they gain experience. There is something telling in that. Sure, there are places in the world that are inadvisable 42 (visit), for example, disaster and conflict zones, but they are extremely small. Demonizing (妖魔化) strangers is easy. It is 43 (easy) to demonize friends. Traveling, 44 (expose) to another culture and connecting with people helps reduce the risk that areas of conflict  will spread. Through traveling, you learn quickly that it is foolish to put people into categories and that the cartoonish impressions 45 (use) to describe other nationalities are completely inaccurate. In fact, when you see someone thoughtlessly demonizing any group they do not know well, it says much more about the accuser than 46 accused. Through traveling, we learn that people of all cultures share basically the same hopes and aspirations 47 we have. Yes, outside appearances are often vastly different. We dress in different manners and have different traditions and languages. Some cultures are outgoing and 48 are more reserved. But all cultures love their children, are proud of their heritage, want to improve conditions for their families and leave a legacy of some sort behind. Through traveling, which is essentially a journey into the unknown, our preconceptions, often deeply rooted in our cultural backgrounds, 49 (challenge) in ways that compel us to question and sometimes even reshape our beliefs. You will see other, perhaps better, ways of accomplishing positive things. 50 building walls and barriers to understanding, we should be searching for common ground, encouraging humankind to be more tolerant of each other. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Into China’s Wild West I was born in Lanzhou, Gansu province. My family and I moved to France when I was six years old. Since then, Gansu has become the remote, mysterious land of my ancestors. Even though I come back to visit every year, I still wonder 51 the people there live, what they eat, and if I can still be considered one of them. Last year, I returned to the city for the Lunar New Year celebration. My favorite downtown noodle shop was already crowded at 7 a.m. I saw a five-year-old girl having breakfast with her mother at one table. At 52 table, a street cleaner in an orange outfit was calmly finishing his bowl next to a well-dressed businessman. Their lives 53 be worlds apart, yet here they share the same daily breakfast. Aside from the delicious noodles, most tourists will visit Dunhuang, a city famous for its ancient Buddhist grottoes and murals (佛教石窟和壁画). I took my first trip there in January 2023. The unique beauty of northwestern China became increasingly easy to see 54 I drove farther from Lanzhou. The barren (荒芜的) hills and open spaces seemed 55 (stretch) out forever, covered in a thin layer of snow that sparkled under the winter sun. I found myself impressed by the raw beauty of the vast land in front of me. Gansu felt so real. When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later, the temperatures 56 (drop) well below zero. The famous Mogao Caves demonstrate the rich cultural and spiritual exchanges that took place along the ancient Silk Road. I marveled at the countless frescoes (壁画) and statues 57 keep alive the stories of ancient pilgrims (朝圣者). The contrast between the cold, empty landscape surrounding Dunhuang and the colorful sacredness (神圣) of the caves was striking. 58 the amazing cultural heritage in Dunhuang, Gansu is not the most attractive place to live. It is largely a no-man’s land 59 (trouble) by droughts and sandstorms, but I am still proud of being born there. The memories of my childhood, the stories of my ancestors, and the rich culture of Gansu have created in me a sense of 60 (belong). It is where I truly feel at home. 话题4 善举与公益行动 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Volunteer travel involves taking a trip 61 purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity helping others. Typically, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. However, more volunteer trips 62 (take) place within the same countries in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors 63 a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living. The Internet has helped make community service in general more popular. 64 (volunteer) in other countries became as accessible as browsing a website and signing up. Instead of travelling with a group that is organised at the volunteer’s home base, the volunteer may join a group that gathers at the worksite from all over the world. Sometimes, this sort of volunteer travel 65 (refer) to as voluntourism or vacanteerism. People try volunteer travel for several reasons. By working voluntarily while travelling, travellers 66 make a real, positive impact on the world. Besides, it is volunteer travel 67 helps urban dwellers (居民) to get a real taste of rural life. For those 68 are sick of urban pressure but can’t make up their minds whether to move permanently to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a solution. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The world’s 69 (famous) heart surgeon, the Egyptian Professor, Sir Magdi Yacoub, has transplanted more hearts than anyone else. To the countless people whose lives he 70 (transform) and saved, he is a hero. Professor Yacoub 71 (inspire) in his work by his father, who was a general surgeon. Now 66 years old, professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career. For 43 years, he has dealt with desperate patients whose combination of poor diet, inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help. 72 all these experiences, he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health. He eats very well and swims early each morning. Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic (狂热的). 73 a donor heart has suddenly been found, then an operation has to take place quickly. He works long hours; he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon, as the surgery 74 take place when it needs to be carried out. For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys 75 (garden) and even grows orchids. One dream of 76 is to go to the Amazon one day 77 (see) the rare plants there. He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity, which aims to take medical expense to the developing world. Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that 78 (save) lives. This charity also brings needy children to the West necessary heart surgery. 话题5 社会生活与文化活动 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ethnie vloggers popularize highs and lows of rural life Uyinga 79 (share) videos about the daily life of her family living on grassland in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on social media for the past six years. 80 learning about herdsmen’s daily routines such as grazing livestock and cooking traditional Mongolian food through the videos, viewers can observe the 81 (stun) scenery of the grassland 82 listening to the sound of the wind blowing. “I don’t have any scripts. I just record the herdsmen’s normal life on the grassland in Xi Ujimchin Banner. And I think that’s the reason why people like them,” Uyinga, from the Mongolian ethnic group, said. In her latest videos, her family 83 (see) busily cutting grass in September that 84 (start) to turn yellow, and then storing it to feed livestock in the winter. “ 85 you can see, the grassland isn’t always green. Its beauty varies in different seasons,” the 29-year-old says in the video. “And we 86 get certain things done before winter comes, such as cutting the grass. As herdsmen, we have learned to respect nature and follow the rules of the grassland.” Uyinga said she hopes the videos she has posted on social media can help more people gain insights into the life of herdsmen and bring members of different ethnic groups 87 (close). She’s also glad to see that more young women from the Inner Mongolia, Xizang and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions have started to share their stories about the beautiful pastures on social media. Their simple 88 colorful lifestyles have become increasingly popular in recent years with many people yearning to escape the grind of life in the country’s major cities, she said. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress 89 (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, 90 many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs 91 include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much 92 (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years 93 (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies 94 angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which 95 help reduce their stress and anxiety. 96 (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data 97 (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear 98 SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. 话题6 科学技术与知识前沿 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deep asleep? You can still follow simple commands Scientists once considered sleep to be like a shade getting drawn over a window between the brain and the outside world: when the shade is closed, the brain stops 99 (react) to outside stimuli. A study published on 12 October in Nature Neuroscience suggested that there might be periods during sleep when that shade is partially open. Depending on what researchers said to them, participants in the study would 100 smile or frown on cue in certain phases of sleep. “You’re not supposed to be able to do stuff 101 you sleep,” says Delphine Oudiette, a cognitive scientist at the Paris Brain Institute in France and a co-author of the study. Historically, the definition of sleep is that consciousness of your environment stops, she adds. “It means you don’t react to the external world.” A few years ago, however, Oudiette began questioning this definition after she and her team conducted an experiment 102 they were able to communicate with people who are aware that they are dreaming while they sleep — otherwise known as lucid dreamers. During these people’s dreams, experimenters were able to ask questions and get responses through eye and facial-muscle movements. Karen Konkoly, who was a co-author on that study and a cognitive scientist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, says that after that paper came out, “it was a big open question in our minds 103 communication would be possible with non-lucid dreamers”. Hence, Oudiette continued with the work. In her latest study, she and her colleagues observed 27 people with narcolepsy — characterized by daytime sleepiness and a high frequency of lucid dreams — and 22 people without the condition. While they were sleeping, participants 104 (ask) to frown or smile. All of them responded accurately to at least 70% of these prompts. Overall response rates were higher for all participants during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when the deepest sleep occurs but the brain remains more active than during other sleep stages. The researchers tracked participants’ brain activity during the experiments using electroencephalography  (EEG), which captures signals from electrodes (电极) placed along a person’s scalp (头皮). What this shows was that “you have some physiological states that are 105 (favourable) to drawing the window shade than opening it to the external world”, Oudiette says. 106 (use) similar experiments, researchers might gain a better understanding of various sleep disorders, including insomnia and sleep walking, she says. Later on, they might begin to identify the parts of the brain that are active during sleep, and how 107 relate to consciousness. This study being conducted is part of a larger evolution in the field of sleep research, says Melanie Strauss, a neurologist and cognitive scientist at Erasmus Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Researchers 108 (move) away from monitoring sleep mainly with EEG and towards “fine grained” approaches that combine EEG with various tasks and stimuli — a strategy that could help to shed light on specific diseases or conditions, she says. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. High Ceilings in Buildings Linked to Poorer Exam Results for Students New research has found a link between the height of ceilings in exam halls and the performance of students, 109 might sound a bit crazy, but makes more and more sense as you think about it. 110 the shape of a room can’t compensate for your lack of revision or make you any smarter than you were before, we do know that the environments we’re in have an effect on us. That includes our ability to concentrate and work on mental tasks. The authors of the study, from the University of South Australia and Deakin University in Australia, suggest that big and open rooms, with high ceilings, are making 111 harder for students to focus on what is in front of them. A previous study from some of the same researchers, 112 (make) use of brain mapping technology and virtual reality, had found a relationship between cognitive ability and the perceived size of a person’s surroundings. Here, the team wanted to do some real-world testing. “We were curious to apply our lab findings to a real-world dataset and see if being in a large space like a gymnasium while having to concentrate on an important task would result in a 113 (poor) performance,” says environmental psychologist Isabella Bower from the University of South Australia. The study analyzed exam results from 15,400 students over eight years and across three campuses, referencing their scores against what 114 (expect) based on the coursework they’d previously submitted. In exam rooms with elevated ceilings, students tended to underperform 115 (compare) to those taking exams in rooms with a ‘standard’ ceiling height, even after accounting tor age, gender, time of year, exam subject, and prior exam experience — other factors that could potentially affect the results. However, 116 we can’t yet be sure about is whether the actual dimensions of the room are having an effect, or whether it’s something else related to the environment — like the temperature or humidity inside the space, or even how many other students there are. “These spaces are often designed 117 purposes other than examinations, such as gymnasiums, exhibitions, events, and performances,” says Bower. “The key point is that large rooms with high ceilings seem 118 (disadvantage) students and we need to understand what brain mechanisms are at play, and whether this affects all students to the same degree.” Those are questions that future research can try to find out. It’s clear though that environment matters — and that we might not be giving students the best chance for success by holding exams in rooms that aren’t custom-built for the purpose. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 119 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 120 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 121 (produce) locally. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. 122 it is very convenient, fast food has become very popular, but it is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 123 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 124 cause huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world 125 (burn) down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 126 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is 127 every little bit counts. By using our resources 128 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In almost every culture in the world, mothers are thought to be more important than fathers during children’s development and more likely to build strong bonds with their children. This belief 129 (exist) for a long time until scientists started asking a new question: What impacts do fathers 130 their children lives besides their genes? If they mean nothing, they would have disappeared from children’s lives at an earlier time in evolution. In the past few years, American journalist Paul Raeburn 131 (collect) various discoveries. He now put them into his new book. Do Fathers Matter? What Science Is Telling Us About the Parent We’ve Overlooked, hoping to make people better see the numerous ways 132 fathers influence their children. For example, Ronold Preston Rohner, a scientist at the University of Connecticut, US, spent several years 133 (study) how being accepted or rejected by one’s parents influences children’s personality. He found that children 134 are accepted by both parents are usually independent and hold a positive worldview, while those who feel rejected by either parent may 135 (prove) hostile (有敌意的) and negative, Another study, by Richard Koestner at McGill University, Canada, 136 (focus) on how children develop empathy. After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found that one is 137 much greater importance than others—how much time their fathers spend with them. “We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children made a big difference to their empathy,” said Koestner. “And we were astounded at how strong the father’s influence was.” So 138 seems that a father’s company may indeed play a part in a child’s happiness. However, that doesn’t mean children in families without fathers are going to become failures—just look at former US president Barack Obama. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语篇语法填空题 话题1 语言与学习 话题4 善举与公益行动 话题2 健康与饮食 话题5 社会生活与文化活动 话题3 旅游与生态 话题6 科学技术与知识前沿 话题1 语言与学习 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 1 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 2 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a shared language 3 a great extent. Since the early 1600s, the English language 4 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative-link of the country, 5 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 6 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly 7 English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet 8 (relate) activity. English has special national status in India. One 9 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 10 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot understand and interpret instructions in English, even though educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. 【答案】 1．which 2．is used 3．to 4．has held 5．causing 6．wider 7．because/as 8．related 9．can 10．to meet 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了印度语言的使用情况，重点阐述了英语在印度的地位和作用。 1．考查定语从句。句意：印度有许多不同的地区语言，这些语言有很多共同特征，比如语法结构和词汇。此处应填入关系代词引导非限定性定语从句并做主语，先行词是Dozens of different regional languages，故填which。 2．考查被动语态。句意：除了这些语言外，印地语作为印度的国家语言、官方语言和主要的通用语言，在印度被广泛用于交流。空白处在句子中作谓语，谓语动词use与主语Hindi之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is used。 3．考查固定短语和介词。句意：因此，英语作为这个国家的辅助官方语言，在很大程度上仍然是一种通用语言。to a great extent是固定短语，意为“在很大程度上”，故填to。 4．考查时态。句意：自17世纪初以来，英语在印度次大陆一直占据着重要地位。根据时间状语Since the early 1600s可知，本句表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，句子谓语动词要用现在完成时，主语the English language，助动词用has，故填has held。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，它为国家的行政管理提供了一种语言工具，使说不同语言的人团结在一起。空白处应填入现在分词作结果状语，以作为上文的一个很自然的结果， 故填causing。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：其次，与其他语言相比，它是一种更广泛用于交流的语言，涵盖了广大地区的众多不同人群。根据下文“compared with other languages (与其他语言相比)”可知，此处说的是与其他语言进行比较，要用形容词的比较级，故填wider。 7．考查连词。句意：最近，说或写英语的能力的重要性显著提高了，因为英语已经成为既定标准。根据上文“The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly (说或写英语的能力的重要性最近显著增加)”以及下文“English has become the established standard. (英语已经成为既定的标准)”可知，前后句子是因果关系，故填because/as。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：英语被许多信息技术产业使用并被认可为标准这一现象刺激了互联网相关活动的巨大发展。根据后面的名词activity可知应填入现在分词或过去分词作定语，又因为relate和逻辑主语activity之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。 9．考查情态动词。句意：人们可以看到一位说印地语的老师在一次教育旅行中用英语给学生指示在哪里集合以及他们的巴士什么时候离开。根据下文“a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions (说印地语的老师给学生指示)”以及“all in English (全部用英语)”可知，这里表示“可以”，应使用情态动词can，故填 can。 10．考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：同上。本句使用了“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语，故填to meet。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country 11 (control) by the Nazis. There isn’t enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country’s Jewish population.The Danes don’t know 12 their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don’t know 13 they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help. Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War I, the Nazis 14 (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of novel, but it tells the true story of the Jewish 15 (save) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much 16 (big) than the story itself. Anemarie must learn that evil doesn’t just appear in fairy tales. It’s a real thing that affects real people.She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough 17 (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that 18 (be) brave doesn’t mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact 19 you are afraid, That’s heavy stuff for a children’s novel. Lois Lowry, the author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent 20 has made her so celebrated. 【答案】 11．is controlled 12．why 13．where 14．killed 15．saved 16．bigger 17．to make 18．being 19．that 20．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是《数星星》这本书的故事背景和内容。 11．考查时态和语态。句意：街上有士兵巡逻，国家被控制在纳粹手中。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述的是书中的情节，所以用一般现在时；动词control与主语the country之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is controlled。 12．考查连接副词。句意：丹麦人不知道为什么他们的朋友和邻居被带走。根据空格前的The Danes don’t know可知，空格后的部分是宾语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个词连接主句和从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以用why。故填why。 13．考查连接副词。句意：他们也不知道他们被带往哪里。根据空格前的They don’t know和空格后的they are going，空格处应该填入一个词，连接主句和从句，且意义为“哪里”，所以用连接副词where。故填where。 14．考查时态。句意：在第一次世界大战期间，纳粹杀害了欧洲数百万人，其中许多是犹太人。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填killed。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：《数星星》是一部小说作品，但它讲述了战争中犹太人被拯救的真实故事。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词Jewish，动词save与Jewish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词saved作定语。故填saved。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：但这本书也探讨了比故事本身更宏大的重要思想。根据空格后的than可知，空格处应该用big的比较级bigger作表语。故填bigger。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是否有足够的勇气做出这种牺牲？enough to do“足够……以致能”是固定搭配。故填to make。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，安妮玛丽知道勇敢并不意味着无所畏惧。空格处是that从句的主语，应该用动名词形式。故填being。 19．考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：这意味着尽管你害怕，但要做正确的事情。空格后的部分是同位语从句，解释名词fact的具体内容，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用连词that引导。故填that。 20．考查定语从句。句意：《数星星》是她才华的杰出体现，正是这种才华使她如此受人赞誉。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词talent进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 话题2 健康与饮食 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When I was a child my family would always sit down together for meals. My favourite was among the simplest: spaghetti pomodoro, pasta in tomato sauce. We ate fresh vegetables and fruit, and, starting in our teenage years, 21 (drink) a glass of red wine. We ate together. I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto and practised a wide variety of outdoor sports. This centuries-old Mediterranean(地中海) diet kept me fit, 22 turned out to be good not just my personal well-being, but for the planet’s health too. In 2020 we will celebrate   23 tenth anniversary of UNESCO’s designation (指定) of this Mediterranean diet as a “Cultural Heritage of Humanity”. But unfortunately, Italians 24 (turn) away from their traditional healthy diet. We have started to eat more fast food and have increased our portions. 25 (few) Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were 26 the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries by the WHO. Poor nutrition is a global problem, not just an Italian one. The fact that it’s hitting Italy, the land 27 the Mediterranean diet originated, represents a dangerous contradiction-- one of many affecting the world of food. After years of decline, hunger is back on the rise. Globally, some 821 million people still do not have enough 28 (eat). Yet 29 the poor south hungers, the rich north gorges: some 2 billion people are overweight. We waste one-third of global food production. Livestock consume an estimated two-thirds of all the land that 30 (devote) to agriculture and contribute about half of farming-related greenhouse-gas emissions. 【答案】 21．drank 22．which 23．the 24．are turning/have been turning 25．Fewer 26．among 27．where 28．to eat 29．though/although/while 30．is devoted 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了关于地中海饮食以及意大利人的饮食变化和全球饮食相关问题。 21．考查动词时态。句意：我们吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，并且从青少年时期开始，会喝一杯红葡萄酒。 and连接并列的谓语动词，前面ate是一般过去时，所以这里drink也用一般过去时。故填drank。 22．考查连词。句意：这种有着数百年历史的地中海饮食让我保持健康，结果证明它不仅对我的个人幸福有益，而且对地球的健康也有益。 此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 which。故填which。 23．考查冠词。句意：在2020年，我们将庆祝联合国教科文组织将这种地中海饮食指定为“人类文化遗产”的十周年纪念日。 序数词tenth前要用定冠词the，表示“第十个”。故填the。 24．考查动词时态。句意：但不幸的是，意大利人正在背离了他们传统的健康饮食。 本句强调动作在进行或是从过去开始一直持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在进行时或现在完成进行时，主语 Italians 是复数，故填are turning/have been turning。 25．考查形容词比较级。句意：越来越少的意大利人喜欢和家人、朋友一起进行社交性用餐。结合前文说意大利人背离传统饮食等情况，这里表示“更少的”意大利人，用few的比较级，句首首字母大写 。故填Fewer。 26．考查介词。句意：在世界卫生组织对 30 个国家进行的一项近期研究中，意大利儿童属于超重情况最严重的群体之一。介词among 表示“在…… 之中；…… 之一” ，符合“意大利儿童在30个国家研究里属于超重群体之一”的语境。故填among。 27．考查定语从句。句意：它冲击着意大利，这个地中海饮食起源的地方，这一事实代表了一种危险的矛盾——影响食品领域的众多矛盾之一。 先行词是the land，在在限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 。故填where。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球范围内，约有 8.21 亿人仍然没有足够的食物可吃。此处用动词不定式to eat作后置定语，修饰enough，表示“可吃的（东西）”。故填to eat。 29．考查连词。句意：然而，当贫穷的南方在挨饿时，富裕的北方却在暴饮暴食：约有20亿人超重。根据句意可知，此处使用though/although/while引导让步状语从句，强调让步转折，故填though/although/while。 30．考查时态语态。句意：牲畜消耗了估计用于农业的所有土地的三分之二，并且贡献了与农业相关的大约一半的温室气体排放。描述现实状况用一般现在时，land和devote之间是被动关系，用被动语态，先行词land是不可数名词，助动词是is。故填is devoted。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Signs You Are Eating Pre-Made Food at a Restaurant Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of. So how can you know for sure your food was made 31 you ever sat down at your table? Here’s how to tell if the food you’re eating is fresh. You may be excited to see your waitress approaching with your food not long after you order it, but the biggest sign 32 you’re dinning at a restaurant serving pre-made food is how quickly your food arrives at the table. A freshly prepared meal that’s made for people 33 (order) takes time. What doesn’t take much time is reheating pre-made food, 34 is often done at fast-food restaurants. An extensive menu means the chef 35 have all those ingredients on-hand, which makes it difficult to guarantee freshness along with timeliness. To solve this problem, chefs often use pre-made food. That can range from already packaged products 36 preparing the meals in advance, but either way, they’re getting a head start, and the quality of your meal may suffer from 37 . Often enough, the establishment you 38 (dine) at is the first indicator that your meal is pre-made. Choosing a chain restaurant for your dining destination may seem like a safe choice, for you know what’s on the menu and you know 39 it’s going to taste like, no matter what city you’re in. Say you’re at a restaurant and you order a steak. You wait in anticipation, watering at the thought of 40 (slice) into a juicy steak. Your order arrives, and it looks just like you imagined it would, except for the taste. That’s probably because your steak hit the microwave before it hit your plate! 【答案】 31．before 32．that 33．to order 34．as/like 35．must 36．to 37．it 38．are dining 39．what 40．slicing 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述如何辨别在餐厅吃的食物是预制食品。 31．考查时间状语从句。句意：所以你怎么能确定你的食物是在你坐在餐桌前做的呢？根据上文“Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of.(即使在高级餐厅，供应预制食品也是大多数常客都不知道的一种常见做法)”可知，供应预制食品是很多餐厅的常见做法，故此处是问如何确定自己的食物是预制食品，即食物在你坐下来之前就已经做好了，用before引导时间状语从句，故填before。 32．考查同位语从句。句意：你可能会很兴奋地看到服务员在你点完菜后不久就拿着你的食物过来，但是你在一家供应预制食物的餐馆用餐的最大标志是你的食物上桌的速度。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词sign的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：一顿给人新鲜烹制的点餐需要时间。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to order。 34．考查定语从句和连词。句意：不需要花太多时间的是加热预先做好的食物，就像快餐店经常做的那样。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是reheating pre-made food，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，有“正如，如同”之意，用关系代词as引导；此处也可使用连词like，表示“像……一样，如同”，故填as/like。 35．考查情态动词。句意：一份丰富的菜单意味着厨师必须手头上有所有的食材，这就很难保证新鲜和及时性。结合句意可知，此处指“厨师必须手头上有所有的食材”，使用情态动词must，故填must。 36．考查介词。句意：这可以是已经包装好的产品，也可以是提前准备好的饭菜，但无论哪种方式，他们都有了一个领先优势，你的食物质量可能会受到它的影响。range from…to…“从……到……变化”，固定搭配，故填to。 37．考查代词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处指代前文“a head start”，表示单数意义，使用代词it指代，故填it。 38．考查现在进行时。句意：通常情况下，你就餐的场所是你的饭菜是预先做好的第一个标志。此处是省略关系代词的定语从句，表示“你正在用餐的场所”，从句使用现在进行时，主语是you，故填are dining。 39．考查宾语从句。句意：选择一家连锁餐厅就餐似乎是一个安全的选择，因为无论你在哪个城市，你都知道菜单上有什么，也知道它的味道。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，表示“它的味道是什么”，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：你满怀期待地等待着，一想到要切成一块多汁的牛排就热泪盈眶。空处作介词of的宾语，slice应用动名词形式，故填slicing。 话题3 旅游与生态 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There is a tendency to feel out of control and more fearful when we are unfamiliar with or don’t understand something. When I hear people who don’t travel 41 (express) fears about faraway places, I like to ask them how they formed their opinion. Usually it is from outdated news stories, friend-of-a-friend anecdotes (趣闻轶事), or politically-motivated tales. It is rare to meet a fearful traveler. It is even rarer to meet a traveler that grows more fearful as they gain experience. There is something telling in that. Sure, there are places in the world that are inadvisable 42 (visit), for example, disaster and conflict zones, but they are extremely small. Demonizing (妖魔化) strangers is easy. It is 43 (easy) to demonize friends. Traveling, 44 (expose) to another culture and connecting with people helps reduce the risk that areas of conflict  will spread. Through traveling, you learn quickly that it is foolish to put people into categories and that the cartoonish impressions 45 (use) to describe other nationalities are completely inaccurate. In fact, when you see someone thoughtlessly demonizing any group they do not know well, it says much more about the accuser than 46 accused. Through traveling, we learn that people of all cultures share basically the same hopes and aspirations 47 we have. Yes, outside appearances are often vastly different. We dress in different manners and have different traditions and languages. Some cultures are outgoing and 48 are more reserved. But all cultures love their children, are proud of their heritage, want to improve conditions for their families and leave a legacy of some sort behind. Through traveling, which is essentially a journey into the unknown, our preconceptions, often deeply rooted in our cultural backgrounds, 49 (challenge) in ways that compel us to question and sometimes even reshape our beliefs. You will see other, perhaps better, ways of accomplishing positive things. 50 building walls and barriers to understanding, we should be searching for common ground, encouraging humankind to be more tolerant of each other. 【答案】 41．expressing 42．to visit 43．less easy 44．being exposed 45．used 46．the 47．that 48．others 49．are challenged 50．Instead of 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了旅行对个人认知和态度的影响，特别是如何通过旅行减少对未知事物的恐惧和误解，增进不同文化之间的理解和尊重。 41．考查现在分词。句意：当听到那些不旅行的人表达对遥远地方的恐惧时，我喜欢问他们是如何形成这些观点的。“hear”是谓语动词，“people”是宾语，“people”和“express”是主动关系，根据句意“听到那些不旅行的人表达”可知，此处考查hear sb doing，所以要用express的现在分词作宾语补足语。故填expressing。 42．考查不定式。句意：当然，世界上有些地方不建议去，比如灾难和冲突地区，但这些地方非常少。be+adj+to do为固定结构，此处表示“不建议去旅行”。故填to visit。 43．考查比较级。句意：但要妖魔化朋友更难。根据前一句“Demonizing strangers is easy”可知，此处是与其进行比较，表示“妖魔化朋友更难”，表示“更难”可以用less easy。故填less easy。 44．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：旅行，接触另一种文化和与人建立联系有助于减少冲突区域蔓延的风险。空处与traveling和connecting并列作主语，用动名词，be exposed to“接触”，此处用being exposed。故填being exposed。 45．考查过去分词。句意：通过旅行，你会迅速了解到，把人归类是愚蠢的，用来描述其他民族的漫画般印象是完全不准确的。空处应为定语修饰名词“impressions”，与use构成被动关系，要用过去分词作后置定语表被动。故填used。 46．考查定冠词。句意：事实上，当你看到有人轻率地妖魔化他们不太了解的任何群体时，这更多地反映了指责者的情况，而不是被指责者。根据“it says much more about the accuser than _____ accused”可知，此处是“the accused”和“the accuser”进行比较，表示“它更多地说明了指控者而不是被指控者的情况”，为“the+形容词”表示一类人。故填the。 47．考查定语从句。句意：通过旅行，我们了解到所有文化的人都基本上有着和我们相同的希望和抱负。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“hopes and aspirations”，先行词被“the same”修饰，引导词指物在从句中作宾语。故填that。 48．考查代词。句意：一些文化是外向的，而另一些则是更为内敛的。根据句意可知，前后句子形成对比。some…，others…表示“一些……，其他的……”所以此处要用代词“others”表示“其他的”。故填others。 49．考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过旅行，即本质上是一次进入未知世界的旅程，我们的先入之见，往往深深植根于我们的文化背景中，以一种促使我们质疑甚至重塑信念的方式受到挑战。句子主语为“our preconceptions”，所给词“challenge”是句子谓语。因为“our preconceptions”和“challenge”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，又因为全文描述的是客观事实，所以要用一般现在时，主语“preconceptions”是复数，所以be动词要用are。故填are challenged。 50．考查介词短语。句意：我们应该寻找共同点，鼓励人类更加宽容彼此，而不是筑起理解和交流的障碍。根据句意，building walls and barriers to understanding为不应该做的事情，空处要用短语instead of“表示“代替，而不是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Instead of。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Into China’s Wild West I was born in Lanzhou, Gansu province. My family and I moved to France when I was six years old. Since then, Gansu has become the remote, mysterious land of my ancestors. Even though I come back to visit every year, I still wonder 51 the people there live, what they eat, and if I can still be considered one of them. Last year, I returned to the city for the Lunar New Year celebration. My favorite downtown noodle shop was already crowded at 7 a.m. I saw a five-year-old girl having breakfast with her mother at one table. At 52 table, a street cleaner in an orange outfit was calmly finishing his bowl next to a well-dressed businessman. Their lives 53 be worlds apart, yet here they share the same daily breakfast. Aside from the delicious noodles, most tourists will visit Dunhuang, a city famous for its ancient Buddhist grottoes and murals (佛教石窟和壁画). I took my first trip there in January 2023. The unique beauty of northwestern China became increasingly easy to see 54 I drove farther from Lanzhou. The barren (荒芜的) hills and open spaces seemed 55 (stretch) out forever, covered in a thin layer of snow that sparkled under the winter sun. I found myself impressed by the raw beauty of the vast land in front of me. Gansu felt so real. When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later, the temperatures 56 (drop) well below zero. The famous Mogao Caves demonstrate the rich cultural and spiritual exchanges that took place along the ancient Silk Road. I marveled at the countless frescoes (壁画) and statues 57 keep alive the stories of ancient pilgrims (朝圣者). The contrast between the cold, empty landscape surrounding Dunhuang and the colorful sacredness (神圣) of the caves was striking. 58 the amazing cultural heritage in Dunhuang, Gansu is not the most attractive place to live. It is largely a no-man’s land 59 (trouble) by droughts and sandstorms, but I am still proud of being born there. The memories of my childhood, the stories of my ancestors, and the rich culture of Gansu have created in me a sense of 60 (belong). It is where I truly feel at home. 【答案】 51．how 52．another 53．might 54．as 55．to stretch 56．had dropped 57．that/which 58．Despite 59．troubled 60．belonging 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回到中国甘肃省兰州和敦煌的经历，描述了当地的生活、美食、文化和自然景观，以及这些经历带给作者的归属感和自豪感。 51．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管我每年都会回来，但我仍然想知道那里的人是如何生活的，他们吃什么，我是否还能被认为是他们中的一员。空处引导名词性从句作wonder的宾语，结合下一段叙述的去面馆吃早点的内容可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 52．考查限定词。句意：在另一张桌子上，一个穿着橙色衣服的街道清洁工正在平静地喝完他的碗，旁边是一个穿着讲究的商人。空处修饰table，结合前一句中“at one table”可知，此处指“在另一张桌子上”，应用限定词another表示“另一个”。故填another。 53．考查情态动词。句意：他们的生活可能天壤之别，但在这里，他们每天都吃同样的早餐。空处和be构成谓语，结合“worlds apart”可知，此处表示“他们的生活可能天壤之别”，应用might表达不太确定的推测，语气更委婉。故填might。 54．考查状语从句。句意：随着我驱车驶离兰州，中国西北独特的美景变得越来越清晰。空处前后均为完整的句子，前后两句中的动作同时发生，且是连续的，因此用从属连词as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故填as。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：荒山和空地似乎永远延伸下去，被一层薄薄的雪覆盖着，在冬日的阳光下闪闪发光。固定短语seem to do意为“似乎做某事”，空处应用stretch“延伸”的不定式形式。故填to stretch。 56．考查动词时态。句意：8小时后，当我终于到达敦煌时，气温已经降到了零度以下。空处作主句的谓语，根据从句“When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later”可知，此处drop“下降”这一行为发生在到达这一节点以前，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故填had dropped。 57．考查定语从句。句意：我惊叹于无数的壁画和雕像，它们生动地讲述着古代朝圣者的故事。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词frescoes and statues，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 58．考查介词。句意：尽管敦煌拥有令人惊叹的文化遗产，但甘肃并不是最吸引人的居住地。空后为名词短语，结合“Gansu is not the most attractive place to live”可知，此处表示让步的关系，应用介词despite表示“尽管，即使”，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Despite。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：它基本上是一片无人区，饱受干旱和沙尘暴的困扰，但我仍然为自己出生在那里而感到自豪。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作land的后置定语，trouble“给……造成麻烦”和land逻辑上是被动关系，因此用trouble的过去分词形式。故填troubled。 60．考查名词。句意：童年的回忆，祖先的故事，甘肃丰富的文化，让我产生了归属感。空处作of的宾语，应用belong的名词形式belonging，意为“归属”,sense of belonging意为“归属感”。故填belonging。 话题4 善举与公益行动 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Volunteer travel involves taking a trip 61 purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity helping others. Typically, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. However, more volunteer trips 62 (take) place within the same countries in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors 63 a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living. The Internet has helped make community service in general more popular. 64 (volunteer) in other countries became as accessible as browsing a website and signing up. Instead of travelling with a group that is organised at the volunteer’s home base, the volunteer may join a group that gathers at the worksite from all over the world. Sometimes, this sort of volunteer travel 65 (refer) to as voluntourism or vacanteerism. People try volunteer travel for several reasons. By working voluntarily while travelling, travellers 66 make a real, positive impact on the world. Besides, it is volunteer travel 67 helps urban dwellers (居民) to get a real taste of rural life. For those 68 are sick of urban pressure but can’t make up their minds whether to move permanently to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a solution. 【答案】61．whose 62．have taken 63．as 64．Volunteering 65．is referred 66．can/may 67．that 68．who 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了志愿旅行活动。 61．考查定语从句。句意：志愿旅行是指参加一个安排好的服务机会来帮助他人的旅行。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a trip，在从句中作定语，构成“旅行的目的”，所以用关系词whose引导。故填whose。 62．考查动词时态。句意：然而，近年来，更多的志愿者旅行发生在同一国家。分析句子成分，该空和空后的place共同构成谓语，take place表示“发生”。时间词“in recent years”可知，时态为现在完成时，所以填have taken。故填have taken。 63．考查介词。句意：《三联生活周刊》评论说，农村志愿者项目现在吸引了越来越多的城市游客，让他们从快节奏、紧张的城市生活中解脱出来。由句意可知，农村志愿者项目是城市游客脱离快节奏生活的工具，所以填介词as，表示“作为”。故填as。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：在其他国家做志愿者就像浏览网站和注册一样容易。分析句子成分“___4___(volunteer) in other countries”在句中作主语，所以填动名词，即volunteering。空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Volunteering。 65．考查动词时态语态。句意：有时，这种志愿旅行被称为“志愿旅游”或“游民主义”。分析句子成分，该空在句中作谓语。此处表示一般性事实，主语 this sort of volunteer travel和动词refer之间是被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动，即is referred。故填is referred。 66．考查情态动词。句意：通过在旅行中自愿工作，旅行者可以对世界产生真正的积极影响。空后是动词原形make，由句意可知，此处表示“可以，能够”产生积极影响，所以用情态动词can或may。故填can/may。 67．考查强调句。句意：此外，正是志愿者旅行帮助城市居民体验到真正的农村生活。分析句子结构，此处考查强调句式：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其它。该句子强调主语volunteer travel，所以填that。故填that。 68．考查定语从句。句意：对于那些厌倦了城市压力，但又无法下定决心是否要永久搬到农村的人来说，志愿旅行可能是一个解决方案。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰代词those，指代人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The world’s 69 (famous) heart surgeon, the Egyptian Professor, Sir Magdi Yacoub, has transplanted more hearts than anyone else. To the countless people whose lives he 70 (transform) and saved, he is a hero. Professor Yacoub 71 (inspire) in his work by his father, who was a general surgeon. Now 66 years old, professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career. For 43 years, he has dealt with desperate patients whose combination of poor diet, inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help. 72 all these experiences, he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health. He eats very well and swims early each morning. Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic (狂热的). 73 a donor heart has suddenly been found, then an operation has to take place quickly. He works long hours; he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon, as the surgery 74 take place when it needs to be carried out. For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys 75 (garden) and even grows orchids. One dream of 76 is to go to the Amazon one day 77 (see) the rare plants there. He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity, which aims to take medical expense to the developing world. Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that 78 (save) lives. This charity also brings needy children to the West necessary heart surgery. 【答案】 69．most famous 70．has transformed 71．was inspired 72．Because of 73．When/If 74．should 75．gardening 76．his 77．to see 78．will save 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了埃及心脏外科专家马格迪·雅各布教授的事迹。他是世界上移植心脏手术最多的医生，通过他的努力，拯救了无数人的生命。此外，他是Chain of Hope慈善机构的主席，致力于为发展中国家的孩子们提供手术治疗。 69．考查形容词。句意：世界上最著名的心脏外科医生，埃及教授马格迪·雅各布爵士，移植的心脏比任何人都多。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据后文的 more hearts than anyone else可知，此处表示“最出名的”，故使用famous的最高级the most famous，设空前有名词所有格形式，故不使用定冠词。故填most famous。 70．考查动词。句意：对于无数被他改变和拯救的人来说，他是一个英雄。分析句子，设空处使用动词作whose引导定语从句的谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时。故填has transformed。 71．考查动词。句意：雅各布教授的工作受到他父亲的启发，他父亲是一名普通外科医生。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的was可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。同时Professor Yacoub与inspire之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was inspired。 72．考查固定短语。句意：由于这些经历，他非常清楚良好的营养和经常锻炼对保持身体健康的作用。分析句子，此处表示原因，使用介词短语because of，意为“由于，因为”，构成介词短语作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Because of。 73．考查连词。句意：当/如果突然找到一个供体心脏时，手术必须迅速进行。分析句子，设空处引导的是时间状语从句或者条件状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when；表示“如果”用if。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填When/If。 74．考查情态动词。句意：他工作时间很长；他说，心脏外科医生没有固定的工作时间，因为手术应该在需要的时候进行。分析句子，根据后文的take动词原形可知，设空处使用情态动词。根据句意，此处表示“应该”用should。故填should。 75．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了放松，雅各布教授喜欢园艺，甚至还种了兰花。句中enjoy doing为固定短语，使用动名词作宾语。故填gardening。 76．考查代词。句意：他的一个梦想是有一天去亚马逊看那里的稀有植物。分析句子，此处表示“他的梦想”应该用he的名词性物主代词his。故填his。 77．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中is to go为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示去做某事，使用不定式结构作状语。故填to see。 78．考查动词。句意：专家团队腾出时间，在世界各地旅行，前往莫桑比克和牙买加等地，来指导当地的外科医生掌握一些能够拯救生命的技术。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作即将发生，故使用一般将来时。故填will save。 话题5 社会生活与文化活动 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ethnie vloggers popularize highs and lows of rural life Uyinga 79 (share) videos about the daily life of her family living on grassland in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on social media for the past six years. 80 learning about herdsmen’s daily routines such as grazing livestock and cooking traditional Mongolian food through the videos, viewers can observe the 81 (stun) scenery of the grassland 82 listening to the sound of the wind blowing. “I don’t have any scripts. I just record the herdsmen’s normal life on the grassland in Xi Ujimchin Banner. And I think that’s the reason why people like them,” Uyinga, from the Mongolian ethnic group, said. In her latest videos, her family 83 (see) busily cutting grass in September that 84 (start) to turn yellow, and then storing it to feed livestock in the winter. “ 85 you can see, the grassland isn’t always green. Its beauty varies in different seasons,” the 29-year-old says in the video. “And we 86 get certain things done before winter comes, such as cutting the grass. As herdsmen, we have learned to respect nature and follow the rules of the grassland.” Uyinga said she hopes the videos she has posted on social media can help more people gain insights into the life of herdsmen and bring members of different ethnic groups 87 (close). She’s also glad to see that more young women from the Inner Mongolia, Xizang and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions have started to share their stories about the beautiful pastures on social media. Their simple 88 colorful lifestyles have become increasingly popular in recent years with many people yearning to escape the grind of life in the country’s major cities, she said. 【答案】 79．has been sharing 80．Besides 81．stunning 82．while 83．is seen 84．had started 85．As 86．must 87．closer 88． but 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。乌英嘎六年分享内蒙草原家人生活视频，展现牧民日常、美景，拉近民族距离。 79．考查时态。句意：在过去的六年里，乌英嘎（Uyinga）一直在社交媒体上分享她生活在内蒙古自治区草原上的家人的日常生活视频。此空应填谓语动词，主语Uyinga与share为主动关系，再根据句意和时间状语“for the past six years”可知，此处要用现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，主语Uyinga是第三人称单数。故填has been sharing。 80．考查介词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。此处表示“除了……以外（包括在内）”，应用介词besides，符合语境，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Besides。 81．考查形容词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。此处修饰名词scenery，要用形容词作定语，stunning，表示“令人惊叹的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填stunning。 82．考查连词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。根据句意和结构可知，此空应填while，表“同时”，引导时间状语从句，而while后使用了状语从句的省略。故填while。 83．考查时态和语态。句意：在她最新的视频中，可以看到她的家人在九月忙着割草，那时草开始变黄，然后把草储存起来供冬天喂养牲畜。这里考查谓语动词，此处主语her family与see是被动关系，且根据语境描述的是过去的情况，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语family这里指“家人”，是复数概念。故填were seen。 84．考查时态。句意：在她最新的视频中，可以看到她的家人在九月忙着割草，那时草开始变黄，然后把草储存起来供冬天喂养牲畜。这里考查谓语动词，grass与start为主动关系，“草开始变黄”这个动作发生在“忙着割草”之前，即 “过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。故填had started。 85．考查连词。句意：“正如你所看到的，草原并不总是绿色的。它的美在不同季节各不相同。” 这位 29 岁的年轻人在视频中说道。此处 “as you can see”是固定表达，意为“正如你所见”，引导非限制性定语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As。 86．考查情态动词。句意：而且我们必须在冬天来临之前完成某些事情，比如割草。根据语境，这里表达的是必要性，“必须”做某事，应用情态动词must。故填 must。 87．考查比较级。句意：乌英嘎说，她希望自己在社交媒体上发布的视频能够帮助更多人了解牧民的生活，并让不同民族的成员关系更紧密。此处表示与之前相比“更紧密”，用比较级形式，bring sb. closer 表示“使某人关系更紧密”，符合句意。故填closer。 88．考查连词。句意：她说，近年来，她们简单但丰富多彩的生活方式越来越受欢迎，因为许多人渴望逃离国内大城市的枯燥生活。此处 “simple”与“colorful”是转折关系，应用but连接。故填 but。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress 89 (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, 90 many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs 91 include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much 92 (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years 93 (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies 94 angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which 95 help reduce their stress and anxiety. 96 (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data 97 (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear 98 SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. 【答案】 89．experienced 90．with 91．that/which 92．more efficient 93．creating 94．an 95．should 96．To train 97．were used 98．when 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰stress，stress和experience为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填experienced。 90．考查with复合结构。句意：大型科技公司早就意识到呼叫中心接线员每天面临的压力，许多客户都把愤怒和沮丧发泄在他们身上。空后taking out为非谓语动词形式，此处为with的复合结构作伴随状语。故填with。 91．考查定语从句。句意：他们中的一些人甚至引入了压力管理项目，包括放松技巧、冥想、瑜伽或旨在缓解烦躁和焦虑的疗法。此处为关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词programs指事物，在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 92．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一家日本公司可能想出了一个更有效的解决方案——使用人工智能完全消除尖叫和攻击性言论。由空后solution为名词以及空前much可知，此处为形容词比较级形式，构成much more+形容词，表示“更加……的多”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填more efficient。 93．考查动名词。句意：SoftBank声称，他们花了三年时间开发了一种语音过滤器，可以检测到尖叫，并自动将其转换为平静的语音。此处为动词短语spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填creating。 94．考查冠词。句意：SoftBank的语音过滤器包括两个阶段，第一个阶段是人工智能识别愤怒的声音并提取语音要点，第二个阶段是使用声学工具将其转换为更自然，甚至礼貌的语气。根据句意以及空后angry voice为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种愤怒的声音”，结合angry为首音节元音单词，所以为不定冠词an的填入。故填an。 95．考查情态动词。句意：呼叫中心接线员仍然会听到任何辱骂，只是用柔和的语调，这应该有助于减轻他们的压力和焦虑。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词should表示“应该”接动词原形help，满足句意要求。故填should。 96．考查动词不定式。句意：为了训练人工智能，SoftBank的工程师要求10名演员录制至少100个常见短语，包括尖叫、指责、威胁和要求道歉。此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填To train。 97．考查动词时态和语态。句意：总共有超过10,000条语音数据被用于训练人工智能过滤器。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上文时态可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时，结合主语more than 10,000 pieces of voice data为复数名词和use为被动关系，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were used。 98．考查主语从句。句意：目前还不清楚软银计划何时在其呼叫中心实施新的尖叫过滤人工智能，但看看它的效果如何，以及它如何影响运营商的情绪健康，将是一件有趣的事情。该句为“ it + be +形容词 +主语从句”的固定句型，其中It为形式主语，结合句意可知，应为连接副词when表示“什么时候”引导的主语从句作句子的主语成分。故填when。 话题6 科学技术与知识前沿 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deep asleep? You can still follow simple commands Scientists once considered sleep to be like a shade getting drawn over a window between the brain and the outside world: when the shade is closed, the brain stops 99 (react) to outside stimuli. A study published on 12 October in Nature Neuroscience suggested that there might be periods during sleep when that shade is partially open. Depending on what researchers said to them, participants in the study would 100 smile or frown on cue in certain phases of sleep. “You’re not supposed to be able to do stuff 101 you sleep,” says Delphine Oudiette, a cognitive scientist at the Paris Brain Institute in France and a co-author of the study. Historically, the definition of sleep is that consciousness of your environment stops, she adds. “It means you don’t react to the external world.” A few years ago, however, Oudiette began questioning this definition after she and her team conducted an experiment 102 they were able to communicate with people who are aware that they are dreaming while they sleep — otherwise known as lucid dreamers. During these people’s dreams, experimenters were able to ask questions and get responses through eye and facial-muscle movements. Karen Konkoly, who was a co-author on that study and a cognitive scientist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, says that after that paper came out, “it was a big open question in our minds 103 communication would be possible with non-lucid dreamers”. Hence, Oudiette continued with the work. In her latest study, she and her colleagues observed 27 people with narcolepsy — characterized by daytime sleepiness and a high frequency of lucid dreams — and 22 people without the condition. While they were sleeping, participants 104 (ask) to frown or smile. All of them responded accurately to at least 70% of these prompts. Overall response rates were higher for all participants during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when the deepest sleep occurs but the brain remains more active than during other sleep stages. The researchers tracked participants’ brain activity during the experiments using electroencephalography  (EEG), which captures signals from electrodes (电极) placed along a person’s scalp (头皮). What this shows was that “you have some physiological states that are 105 (favourable) to drawing the window shade than opening it to the external world”, Oudiette says. 106 (use) similar experiments, researchers might gain a better understanding of various sleep disorders, including insomnia and sleep walking, she says. Later on, they might begin to identify the parts of the brain that are active during sleep, and how 107 relate to consciousness. This study being conducted is part of a larger evolution in the field of sleep research, says Melanie Strauss, a neurologist and cognitive scientist at Erasmus Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Researchers 108 (move) away from monitoring sleep mainly with EEG and towards “fine grained” approaches that combine EEG with various tasks and stimuli — a strategy that could help to shed light on specific diseases or conditions, she says. 【答案】 99．reacting 100．or 101．while 102．where 103．whether 104．were asked 105．more favourable 106．Using 107．those 108．are moving 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于睡眠的研究。科学界认为睡眠就像一个帘子，在大脑和外界的窗户上拉了一个帘子，当帘子关闭时，大脑就会停止对外界刺激的反应。 99．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们曾经认为睡眠就像大脑和外部世界之间的窗户上拉上的窗帘:当窗帘关闭时，大脑就停止对外界刺激的反应。stop to do sth。表示停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.表示停止做某事。此处表示大脑停止反应，所以为stop doing sth.。故填reacting。 100．考查固定搭配。句意：根据研究人员对他们说的话，研究参与者在睡眠的特定阶段会根据提示微笑或皱眉。此处表示的是“睡眠的特定阶段会根据提示微笑或皱眉”；either…or…意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。 101．考查连词。句意：该研究的合著者、法国巴黎大脑研究所的认知科学家戴尔芬·欧迪耶特说:“睡觉的时候，你不应该做任何事情。”分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词；此处表示的是“睡觉的时候，你不应该做任何事情”，while表示“当……时候”。后接的动词为连续性动词。故填while。 102．考查定语从句。句意：然而，几年前，Oudiette和她的团队进行了一项实验，在实验中，他们能够与那些在睡觉时意识到自己在做梦的人(也被称为清醒梦者)交流，之后她开始质疑这一定义。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入定语从句的连接词，从句中句子成分完整，因此需要填入关系副词，此处表示的是“在实验中”，因此用关系副词where。故填where。 103．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的合著者、伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿西北大学(Northwestern University)的认知科学家凯伦·康科利(Karen Konkoly)说，在那篇论文发表后，“我们脑海中有一个悬而未决的大问题，那就是是否有可能与非清醒梦者进行交流”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词，从句位于名词question之后，对question进一步解释说明，因此为同位语从句；此处指的是“是否有可能与非清醒梦者进行交流”，所以空格处缺少“是否”之意，引导同位语董局。故填whether。 104．考查被动语态。句意：当他们睡觉时，参与者被要求皱眉或微笑。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处表示的是被“被要求”，所以需要使用被动语态，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以be动词用were。故答案为were asked。 105．考查形容词。句意：这表明，“你有一些生理状态，更有利于拉上窗帘，而不是打开窗户，面对外部世界，”Oudiette说。此处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词，表示的是“更有利于”，所以需要用形容词比较级。故填more favourable。 106．考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，通过类似的实验，研究人员可能会更好地了解各种睡眠障碍，包括失眠和梦游。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，句子的逻辑主语与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Using。 107．考查指示代词。句意：之后，他们可能会开始识别在睡眠中活跃的大脑部分，以及这些部分与意识的关系。分析句子结构可知，句子中缺少主语，因此需要填入代词，此处指的是“那些部分”，所以用指示代词those。故填those。 108．考查现在进行时。句意：她说，研究人员正在从主要用脑电图监测睡眠，转向将脑电图与各种任务和刺激结合起来的“细粒度”方法——一种有助于阐明特定疾病或状况的策略。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处表示的是“正在进行的动作”，所以需要使用一般现在时，主语为we，所以be动词用are。故填are moving。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. High Ceilings in Buildings Linked to Poorer Exam Results for Students New research has found a link between the height of ceilings in exam halls and the performance of students, 109 might sound a bit crazy, but makes more and more sense as you think about it. 110 the shape of a room can’t compensate for your lack of revision or make you any smarter than you were before, we do know that the environments we’re in have an effect on us. That includes our ability to concentrate and work on mental tasks. The authors of the study, from the University of South Australia and Deakin University in Australia, suggest that big and open rooms, with high ceilings, are making 111 harder for students to focus on what is in front of them. A previous study from some of the same researchers, 112 (make) use of brain mapping technology and virtual reality, had found a relationship between cognitive ability and the perceived size of a person’s surroundings. Here, the team wanted to do some real-world testing. “We were curious to apply our lab findings to a real-world dataset and see if being in a large space like a gymnasium while having to concentrate on an important task would result in a 113 (poor) performance,” says environmental psychologist Isabella Bower from the University of South Australia. The study analyzed exam results from 15,400 students over eight years and across three campuses, referencing their scores against what 114 (expect) based on the coursework they’d previously submitted. In exam rooms with elevated ceilings, students tended to underperform 115 (compare) to those taking exams in rooms with a ‘standard’ ceiling height, even after accounting tor age, gender, time of year, exam subject, and prior exam experience — other factors that could potentially affect the results. However, 116 we can’t yet be sure about is whether the actual dimensions of the room are having an effect, or whether it’s something else related to the environment — like the temperature or humidity inside the space, or even how many other students there are. “These spaces are often designed 117 purposes other than examinations, such as gymnasiums, exhibitions, events, and performances,” says Bower. “The key point is that large rooms with high ceilings seem 118 (disadvantage) students and we need to understand what brain mechanisms are at play, and whether this affects all students to the same degree.” Those are questions that future research can try to find out. It’s clear though that environment matters — and that we might not be giving students the best chance for success by holding exams in rooms that aren’t custom-built for the purpose. 【答案】 109．which 110．While/Although/Though 111．it 112．making 113．poorer 114．was expected 115．compared 116．what 117．for 118．to disadvantage 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高天花板的考场可能影响学生考试表现的研究发现，并探讨了背后的原因及未来研究方向。 109．考查定语从句。句意：新的研究发现，考试大厅的天花板高度与学生的表现之间存在联系，这听起来可能有点疯狂，但当你仔细思考时，会越来越觉得有道理。分析句子结构可知，“ might sound a bit crazy”为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 110．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然房间的形状不能弥补你复习的不足，也不能让你比以前更聪明，但我们知道我们所处的环境对我们有影响。结合句意可知，前后句之间是让步关系，应用while/although/though引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Although/Though。 111．考查it作形式宾语。句意：这项研究的作者来自澳大利亚南澳大学和迪肯大学，他们认为，宽敞开阔、天花板高的房间会让学生更难专注于眼前的事物。句中为固定结构“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式“for students to focus on what is in front of them”。故填it。 112．考查非谓语动词。句意：此前，部分相同研究人员进行的一项研究利用脑成像技术和虚拟现实技术，发现了认知能力与个人对周围环境感知大小之间的关系。句中已有谓语动词had found，所以make要用非谓语形式在句中作后置定语，修饰A previous study，A previous study与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填making。 113．考查形容词比较级。句意：南澳大学环境心理学家伊莎贝拉·鲍尔说：“我们很好奇将实验室的发现应用到真实世界的数据集中，看看在像体育馆这样的大空间里，同时又要专注于一项重要任务，是否会导致表现更差。”根据语境可知，此处是将在大空间（如体育馆）里考试与在标准天花板高度的房间里考试的表现进行对比，应用形容词比较级poorer，表示“更差的”。故填poorer。 114．考查时态和语态。句意：这项研究分析了来自三个校区、八年间15400名学生的考试成绩，并将他们的分数与他们之前提交的课程作业所预期的成绩进行了对比。空处作从句谓语动词，根据前文的analyzed可知，时态为一般过去时，expect与主语what（指代scores）之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，what作主语，be动词用was。故填was expected。 115．考查非谓语动词。句意：在天花板较高的考场里，学生的表现往往不如在“标准”天花板高度的考场里考试的学生，即使在考虑了年龄、性别、考试时间、考试科目和以往考试经验——这些可能影响结果的其他因素之后也是如此。句中已有谓语动词tended，空处为非谓语动词在句中作状语，students与compare之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填compared。 116．考查主语从句。句意：然而，我们目前还不能确定的是，究竟是房间的实际尺寸在起作用，还是与环境有关的其他因素——比如空间内的温度或湿度，甚至是其他学生的数量。“ we can’t yet be sure about”为主语从句，从句中about缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。 117．考查介词。句意：鲍尔说：“这些空间通常是为非考试目的而设计的，比如体育馆、展览、活动和表演。”be designed for为固定短语，意为“为……而设计”。故填for。 118．考查非谓语动词。句意：关键的一点是，天花板高的大房间似乎对学生不利，我们需要了解是哪些大脑机制在起作用，以及这是否对所有学生都有相同程度的影响。seem to do sth.为固定用法，意为“似乎做某事”，故空处用动词disadvantage“对……不利”的不定式形式。故填to disadvantage。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 119 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 120 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 121 (produce) locally. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. 122 it is very convenient, fast food has become very popular, but it is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 123 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 124 cause huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world 125 (burn) down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 126 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is 127 every little bit counts. By using our resources 128 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】 119．bigger 120．which 121．is produced 122．Because 123．to use 124．that/which 125．are being burned 126．should 127．that 128．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择对环境友好的食物。 119．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，很明显，某些类型的食物对环境的影响比其他类型的食物更大。分析句子可知，“impact”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句中“than”可知，空格处应用形容词比较级“bigger”，表示影响更大。故填bigger。 120．考查定语从句。句意：食品运输是导致全球变暖的二氧化碳的主要来源。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“CO₂”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。 121．考查时态和语态。句意：换句话说，最好吃当地生产的食物。根据句意和句中“is”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，“that”代指先行词“food”，和“produce”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“food”和“is”连用，“produce”的过去分词为“produced”，故空格处应填“is produced”。故填is produced。 122．考查原因状语从句。句意：因为它非常方便，快餐变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常不利。分析句子可知，句子为原因状语从句，“非常方便”是“快餐变得非常流行”的原因，应用“Because”引导从句，意为“因为”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Because。 123．考查固定短语。句意：然而，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装他们的饭菜。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“encourage sb. to do sth.”，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故空格处应用“to use”。故填to use。 124．考查定语从句。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些造成巨大环境压力的食物。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“those types of food”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”或“that”引导从句。故填that/which。 125．考查时态和语态。句意：例如，现在世界各地的雨林正在被烧毁，为养牛场腾出空间。根据句意和句中“now”可知，句子为现在进行时，“rain forests”和“burn”为被动关系，故句子应用现在进行时的被动语态，“rain forests”和“are”连用，“burn”的过去分词为“burned”，故空格处应填“are being burned”。故填are being burned。 126．考查情态动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应该少吃牛肉，避免食用含有棕榈油的食物。分析句子可知，“eat”为动词原形，空格处应用情态动词,根据句意可知，应用“should”，意为“应该”。故填should。 127．考查表语从句。句意：好消息是，每一点点努力都很重要。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中不缺少成分，意义完整，故应用“that”引导从句。故填that。 128．考查固定短语。句意：通过更有效地利用我们的资源，我们可以在保护环境的同时节省大量资金。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“in+adj.+way”，意为“以……的方式”，故空格处应用“in”。故填in。 Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In almost every culture in the world, mothers are thought to be more important than fathers during children’s development and more likely to build strong bonds with their children. This belief 129 (exist) for a long time until scientists started asking a new question: What impacts do fathers 130 their children lives besides their genes? If they mean nothing, they would have disappeared from children’s lives at an earlier time in evolution. In the past few years, American journalist Paul Raeburn 131 (collect) various discoveries. He now put them into his new book. Do Fathers Matter? What Science Is Telling Us About the Parent We’ve Overlooked, hoping to make people better see the numerous ways 132 fathers influence their children. For example, Ronold Preston Rohner, a scientist at the University of Connecticut, US, spent several years 133 (study) how being accepted or rejected by one’s parents influences children’s personality. He found that children 134 are accepted by both parents are usually independent and hold a positive worldview, while those who feel rejected by either parent may 135 (prove) hostile (有敌意的) and negative, Another study, by Richard Koestner at McGill University, Canada, 136 (focus) on how children develop empathy. After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found that one is 137 much greater importance than others—how much time their fathers spend with them. “We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children made a big difference to their empathy,” said Koestner. “And we were astounded at how strong the father’s influence was.” So 138 seems that a father’s company may indeed play a part in a child’s happiness. However, that doesn’t mean children in families without fathers are going to become failures—just look at former US president Barack Obama. 【答案】 129．had existed 130．on 131．has collected 132．that 133．studying 134．who/that 135．prove 136．focused 137．of 138．it 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对父亲在孩子成长过程中影响的研究，向读者普及了关于父亲角色的新知识，并强调了父亲陪伴对孩子幸福的重要性。 129．考查谓语动词。句意：这种观念存在了很长时间，直到科学家们开始提出一个新问题：除了基因之外，父亲对孩子的生活还有哪些影响？分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“for a long time”以及从句的时态可推测，本句时态为过去完成时；主语为“this belief”，单数，和动词“exist”之间为主动关系。故填had existed。 130．考查固定搭配。句意：这种观念存在了很长时间，直到科学家们开始提出一个新问题：除了基因之外，父亲对孩子的生活还有哪些影响？根据句意可知，空处考查固定搭配：impact on…，意为“对……的影响”，符合句意。故填on。 131．考查谓语动词。句意：在过去的几年里，美国记者保罗·雷伯恩收集了各种发现。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“In the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Paul Raeburn”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has collected。 132．考查定语从句。句意：现在，他把这些发现写进了他的新书《父亲重要吗？科学告诉我们忽视了哪种父母》中，希望让人们更好地看到父亲以多种方式影响孩子的无数途径。分析句子成分可知，空处考查定语从句中的关系词，先行词为“ways”，在定语从句中担当方式状语，用that引导。故填that。 133．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，美国康涅狄格大学的科学家罗纳德·普雷斯顿·罗纳发现，花了几年时间研究父母对孩子的接纳或拒绝如何影响孩子的性格。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式，构成短语：spend…(in) doing，意为“花费……做某事”。故填studying。 134．考查定语从句。句意：他发现，被父母双方接纳的孩子通常更加独立，持有积极的世界观，而那些感到被父母任何一方拒绝的孩子可能会表现出敌意和消极的态度。考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为“children”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 135．考查动词。句意：他发现，被父母双方接纳的孩子通常更加独立，持有积极的世界观，而那些感到被父母任何一方拒绝的孩子可能会表现出敌意和消极的态度。分析句子成分可知，空处为情态动词之后，用动词原形。主语为“those”，和动词“prove”之间为主动关系。故填prove。 136．考查谓语动词。句意：另一项研究由加拿大麦吉尔大学的理查德·科斯特纳进行，该研究关注孩子如何发展同理心。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据下文可知，本句时态为一般过去。故填focused。 137．考查介词。句意：在研究了各种可能因素后，科斯特纳发现其中一个因素比其他因素都重要得多，那就是父亲与孩子在一起的时间长短。分析句子成分可知，空处为介词of，构成固定搭配：be of + n，意思相当于，be+该名词的形容词形式。故填of。 138．考查代词。句意：因此，看来父亲的陪伴确实可能在孩子的幸福中发挥作用。分析句子成分可知，空处为形式主语“it”，构成句型：it seems that…，意为“似乎……”，符合句意。故填it。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $