阅读专题：词义猜测题 专练-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

阅读理解专项突破-词义猜测题 词义(词组)猜测题 考查考生猜测文章中某个生词或短语的含义,或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替 句意猜测题 考查考生准确理解作者的观点,尤其是对特定的人、物、事件的褒贬观点, 以准确推断语句的含义 代词指代题 要求考生依据语境的逻辑关系,判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象 第一类：定义复现。标志词：-, :, that is, meaning, in fact, actually, refer to 等 1. A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 2. New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere. The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to _______. A. dangerous B. common C. comfortable D. awkward 第二类：对比。标志词：while, but, however, wheareas, some/others, one/the other… 3. After monitoring the sleep habits of 416 participants for one year, researchers found that night owls who restricted their time in bed were more likely to sleep soundly once they did fall asleep. Those who remained in bed when they couldn’t sleep, on the other hand, were more likely to develop chronic insomnia. While this advice may seem counterintuitive at first, it makes sense once you understand what causes your sleeplessness. “Those with insomnia typically extend their sleep opportunity,” said Michael Perlis, Ph.D.. “They go to bed early, get out of bed late, and they nap...” Which of the following best explains “counterintuitive” underlined in paragraph 3? A. Contrary to common belief. B. Unlike anything else. C. Similar to first reaction. D. Beyond wildest imagination. 4. Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 第三类：例证。例子是用来服务于________的，标志词有：____________________________________ 5. Andrew Carnegie’s life is a remarkable “rags to riches” story. Rising from extreme poverty in Scotland to become America's wealthiest man, Carnegie embraced every opportunity to improve himself. His willingness to move from job to job not only secured better wages but also provided him with a broad range of valuable experiences that shaped his future. What does the phrase “rags to riches” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. His transition from poverty to wealth. B. His increasing interest in fancy clothes. C. His experience from workers to leaders. D. His growing friendships with the wealthy. 6. Scientists are skeptical that animals have a special sense that enables them to predict the weather. But they know that many animals have more highly developed senses than humans do, and are capable of detecting (察觉) signals of impending weather change sooner than we can. Some, like dogs, pick up infrasonic sound waves—sounds that are at lower frequencies than we can hear. Others, like the frogs that go silent before a storm, can detect differences in air pressure. However they get their signals, animals learn to associate them with danger. Those signals alert them that it is time to move to a safer area. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “impending” in paragraph 2? A. Major. B. Distant. C. Natural. D. Coming. 第四类：echo。联系上下文，技巧性最弱，需要读懂文章 7.Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS.“What the crows have done is extraordinary,” he said in a news release. “Honestly, if it was only by force that the crows showed this learning, then it would have been an impressive result. But this was spontaneous.” So perhaps it's time to stop saying “bird- brain”permanently! The underlined word “spontaneous” could be replaced by . . A. instinctive B. sponsored C. suspected D. relational 8. When Hurricane Douglas came barreling toward Oahu in 2020, David Sischo quickly packed up and drove to higher ground. But he wasn’t shifting his family. He was shifting snails. Sischo works with some of the rarest endangered species on the planet, kāhuli — Hawaii’s native tree snails. The colorful, jewel-like snails were once so abundant. It’s said they were like Christmas ornaments covering the trees. Almost all of the 750 different species were found only in Hawaii. Today, more than half of those species are gone, the extinctions happening in the span of a human lifetime. Sischo and his team with Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources have the heavy task of saving what’s left. To stave off extinction, 40 species of snails, each about the size of a dime, live in human care inside an unremarkable trailer near Honolulu. For some, it’s the only place where they’re found, their wild populations having completely disappeared. “Most people, when they think endangered species going extinct, they think of pandas and tigers and elephants, but imagine having 40 different species that are all as rare as pandas are,” Sischo says. What does the phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Clarify. B. Accelerate. C. Witness. D. Prevent. 课后练习 1.类型__________ Team member Jean-Philippe Bouchaud says that,in the absence of one centralized,god-like player who could coordinate everyone,regular players could only learn how to reach "satisficing" states.That is a level that satisfied minimum expectations but not much more.Players gained more than they would have done by playing at random,so learning wasn't useless,but they still gained less than they would have if past experience had allowed them to truly optimize their performance. The underlined word "satisficing"in Paragraph 5 most probably means___ A.highly satisfying B.constantly improving C.minimally acceptable D.completely 2.类型__________ The goal with each window stroll is to create playful and uplifting displays, according to Hartman. “I really try to do something lighthearted, something whimsical, that is, something everyone can connect with and maybe not see every day in the real world,” Hartman said. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “whimsical” in Paragraph 2? A. Serious. B. Exciting. C. Unusual. D. Ordinary. 3.类型__________ The object around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its track. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily. The underlined word “dead” in this paragraph means __________. A. silently. B. gradually. C. regularly. D. completely. 4.类型__________ OpenAI's ChatGPT search tool may be open to manipulation using hidden content, and can return malicious code from websites it searches, a Guardian investigation has found. OpenAI has made the search product available to paying customers and is encouraging users to make it their regular search tool. But the investigation has revealed potential security issues with the new system. What does the underlined word “malicious” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Harmful B. Ridiculous C. Secure D. Amazing 5. 类型__________For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means . A. change B. choice C. text D. extension 6. 类型__________The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid 7. 类型__________ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. What does the underlined phrase "the water catcher" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup. 8. 类型__________The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the "death valley" of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. What does the phrase "death valley" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible. C.An area where no driving is permitted. D. A situation where drivers role is not clear. 9. 类型__________Sir Winton kept his entire plan completely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later. After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Winton’s extraordinary achievement. Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work. Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark’? A. felt doubtful B. remained moved C. knew nothing D. criticized something 10. 类型__________ And recently, during US President Donald Trump’s visit to China, his granddaughter Arabella’ s recital of Chinese poems went viral on the internet, making the five-year-old a “popular figure” among Chinese audiences. What does the underlined phrase “went viral” mean in Paragraph 3? A. spread wildly B. went wrong C. caused laughter D. got sick 11. 类型__________ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in Paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 12. 类型__________ Today, I am fortunate to live a two-mile walk to a children’s library. My 18-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in it several times a week, meeting and making friends. That’s the thing many people don’t understand—a library is more than books, it’s a community. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. It’s also where we exchanged emails with friends we met at out-of-state Model UN conferences. Because we didn’t have e-mail access at home, we raced to the library after school to check our messages in eager. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 suggest? A. Library is a place with books and communities. B. Books help people better communicate with others. C. It is people rather than books that matter in a library. D. A Library provides chances to socialize apart from books. 13. 类型__________ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjaminis cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjaminis drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 14. This contrasted with research carried out by other academics in America, he said. “Middle-class parents in the US appear to associate cultural practice with other benefits, such as developing specific characteristics and paving the way for educational success. Middle-class families are often marked by a pattern of ‘concerted cultivation’, where parents organize music-centred activities for their children, often in addition to school-based musical practice.” Researchers had owed this to “parental anxiety over the declining fortunes of educated Americans. These parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors in the job market.” What does the underlined word “this” refer to? A. Cultural practice. B. Educational success. C. Concerted cultivation. D. School-based musical practice. 15. His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting. C. The uncivilized hunting. D. The French Republic. 16.Caroline Solomon was on her high school’s swim team. But at times she could not go into the creek (溪流) near her home. It was simply too polluted. “I decided I wanted to do something about it,” she recalls. So she studied environmental science and public policy at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. Later, she went to graduate school. Some of her classes could be challenging, though, since she couldn’t hear. her teachers. “I’ve been deaf since I was 15 months old,” Solomon notes. What does the underlined word “it” in this paragraph refer to? A. Solomon’s home. B. Solomon’s school. C. The polluted creek. D. The local environment. 答案： 第一类 定义复现 BB 第二类 对比 AB 第三类 例证 AD 第四类echo AD 课后练习 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $