Unit 1 This is me Grammar 讲义2025-2026学年外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

2024外研版 八上 Unit 1 This is me Grammar

Read the sentences and summarise the grammar rules.

(a) I have already told Maddie the whole story.

(b) I have already learnt that I am what I am.

(c) Maddie has already changed Sarah.

(d) I haven’t told Maddie the whole story yet.

(e) I haven’t learnt that I am what I am.

(f) Maddie hasn’t changed Sarah yet.

(g) Have you told Maddie the whole story?

(h) Have you learnt that you are what you are?

(i)  Has Maddie changed Sarah yet?

(j) What have you learnt?

(k) What has Maddie done?

 

概念：现在完成时由 _________________________________________ 构成。表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。

 

 

 

结构：

肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它。

否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其它。

一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它？

     肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has.

     否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't /hasn’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/ has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它？

动词过去分词变化规则：

(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。

　work---worked---worked, visit---visited--visited

(2) 以不发音字母“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。

　live---lived---lived, move---moved---moved

(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。

　study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried

(4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。

　stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped---dropped

(5) 不规则变化 (见不规则变化表)

 

现在完成时时间标志语：

already (已经),

yet (未，尚),

just (刚才),

before (从前),

so far (到目前为止),

recently (最近，近来),

since +时间点/时间段+ago/过去式句子 (自从......),

for +时间段,

ever (曾经),

never (从来没有，从未),

in/over the past few years (在过去几年里),

ever since 自从，

over the years 多年来，等等。

 

现在完成时注意事项

一、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法

1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。

2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如：

I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：

I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：

— Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ 

— He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。

二、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如:

come → be,   

come to → be in / at,

go out → be out,

leave → be away,

begin/start → be on,

stop → be over，

buy → have,

borrow → keep,

open → be open,

close → be closed,

join → be a member of,

die → be dead,

catch a cold → have a cold,

get to know → know,

become a teacher  → be a teacher,

fall asleep → be asleep,

fall ill → be ill等。

 

 

二、语法专练

 (一) 单项选择

A. was B. is C. has been D. will be

2. (2022春·江苏常州·八年级统考) —When did your teacher start to write his new novel?

—Three months ago. So far, he ________ more than half of it.

A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. has finished

3. (2022春·江苏盐城·八年级统考) —Where’s Doctor Li? I haven’t seen her recently.   

—She ________ to Shanghai.