Unit 1 This is me Grammar 讲义2025-2026学年外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了现在完成时的核心语法体系。从句子观察入手，引导学生归纳结构、时间标志语及常见动词变化规则，再延伸至have been to / in / gone to的辨析和非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的处理方法，形成由表及里、由浅入深的学习支架。 知识链路逻辑严密，以“感知例句—提炼规则—辨析差异—迁移运用”为主线，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过典型习题强化对already、yet、for、since等时间状语的精准识别，以及否定句、疑问句和特殊疑问句的灵活转换，体现学习能力的发展路径。资料注重跨文化意识渗透，如用“have been to”描述旅行经历，激发学生对中外生活方式的理解与尊重，助力核心素养落地生根。

2024外研版 八上 Unit 1 This is me Grammar Read the sentences and summarise the grammar rules. (a) I have already told Maddie the whole story. (b) I have already learnt that I am what I am. (c) Maddie has already changed Sarah. (d) I haven’t told Maddie the whole story yet. (e) I haven’t learnt that I am what I am. (f) Maddie hasn’t changed Sarah yet. (g) Have you told Maddie the whole story? (h) Have you learnt that you are what you are? (i) Has Maddie changed Sarah yet? (j) What have you learnt? (k) What has Maddie done? 概念：现在完成时由 _________________________________________ 构成。表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。 结构： 肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它。 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其它。 一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't /hasn’t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/ has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (pp) + 其它？ 动词过去分词变化规则： ( 过去分词-ed的读音规则： 清清, 浊浊，元音浊，t/d后读 / ɪ d/ )(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。 　work---worked---worked, visit---visited--visited (2) 以不发音字母“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。 　live---lived---lived, move---moved---moved (3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。 　study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried (4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。 　stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped---dropped (5) 不规则变化 (见不规则变化表) 现在完成时时间标志语： ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 already (已经), yet (未，尚), just (刚才), before (从前), so far (到目前为止), recently (最近，近来), since +时间点/时间段+ago/过去式句子 (自从......), for +时间段, ever (曾经), never (从来没有，从未), in/over the past few years (在过去几年里), ever since 自从， over the years 多年来，等等。 现在完成时注意事项 一、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： — Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ — He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。 二、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如: come → be, come to → be in / at, go out → be out, leave → be away, begin/start → be on, stop → be over， buy → have, borrow → keep, open → be open, close → be closed, join → be a member of, die → be dead, catch a cold → have a cold, get to know → know, become a teacher → be a teacher, fall asleep → be asleep, fall ill → be ill等。 二、语法专练 (一) 单项选择 1. (2022春·江苏南京·八年级统考) I won’t forget my teacher because she ________ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. was B. is C. has been D. will be 2. (2022春·江苏常州·八年级统考) —When did your teacher start to write his new novel? —Three months ago. So far, he ________ more than half of it. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. has finished 3. (2022春·江苏盐城·八年级统考) —Where’s Doctor Li? I haven’t seen her recently.    —She ________ to Shanghai. A. has gone B. is going C. went D. goes 4. (2022春·北京西城·八年级北京四中校考) Too Cool To Kill is a funny film. I ________ it twice. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen 5. (2022春·北京西城·八年级北师大实验中学校考) —________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes, I’ve just finished it. A. Did; finish B. Do; finish C. Will; finish D. Have; finished 6. (2022·河南郑州·八年级校考) I ________my uncle for a long time, so I plan to visit him this summer holiday. A. have seen B. haven’t seen C. see D. don’t see 7. (2022·河南郑州·八年级校考) —Excuse me, when ________ you ________ the man in blue? —Last year. And I _____ him for one year. A. have; known; have known B. did; know; knew C. did; know; have known D. have; known; knew 8. (2022春·河北邯郸·八年级校考期末) Jack much progress in chemistry since he came to his new class. A. is making B. will make C. has made D. made 9. (2022春·河北衡水·八年级期末) In the past two years I ________ him little. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. see 10. (2022·上海浦东新·八年级上海民办华二浦东实验学校校考期末) The light is still on in Mr. Green’s office. I’m afraid he ________ his work. A．hasn’t finished B．didn’t finish C．doesn’t finish D．won’t finish (二) 连词成句。 1. changed Sally has her already opinion. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. English for learnt years ten have I ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. arrived Paul airport the has at ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. to mother replied his has He ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. birthmark Sally the covered with hair has long her ___________________________________________________________________________________________ (三) Write sentences with the present tense. 1. Maddie study my face ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. I forget my bag ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Maddie paint a red rose on her own face ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I look at my birthmark in the mirror. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. You tell everyone the good news ___________________________________________________________________________________________ (四) Change sentences according to the requirements. 1. You have learnt English for six years. (变否定句) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. My father has told me the truth. (变否定句) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Maddie has changed Sally. (变一般疑问句) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Tom has made a cake. (就划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. I have made a mistake. (就划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法专练参考答案 (一) 1．C 【详解】句意：我不会忘记我的老师，因为自从我来到这里学习，她就一直对我很友好。 考查现在完成时态。since是现在完成时的标志词，用have/has+done。故选C。 2．D 【详解】句意：—你的老师什么时候开始写他的新小说的？—三个月前。到目前为止，他已经完成一半多了。 考查时态。根据“So far...”可知此处用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，表示“对现在造成的影响”。故选D。 3．A 【详解】句意：——李医生在哪里？我最近没见过她。——她去了上海。 考查动词时态。根据“I haven’t seen her recently.”可知李医生去了上海，还没有回来，应用have gone to表示“去了（未回）”。故选A。 4．D 【详解】句意：《这个杀手不太冷静》是一部有趣的电影。我已经看过两次了。 考查现在完成时。根据“twice”可知，表示次数的词作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选D。 5．D 【详解】句意：——你完成你的家庭作业了吗？——是的，我已经完成了。 考查动词时态。根据“yet”和答句“Yes, I’ve just finished it.”可知，问句用现在完成时态（have/has done）。故选D。 6．B 【详解】句意：我有很长时间没见到我叔叔了，所以我计划今年暑假去看他。 考查动词时态和否定句。根据“ for a long time”可知，时态用现在完成时，结合“so I plan to visit him this summer holiday.”可知，应是很久没见叔叔了，所以打算暑假去看他，用haven’t seen，故选B。 7．C 【详解】句意：—请问，你什么时候认识那个穿蓝衣服的人的？—去年。我认识他已经一年了。 考查动词时态。根据答语“Last year”可知第一空问句应该用一般过去时，排除A、D；而第二空根据时间状语“for one year”可知使用现在完成时，故选C。 8．C 【详解】句意：自从杰克来到他新的班级，他已经在化学上取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。is making，用于现在进行时；will make，用于一般将来时；has made，用于现在完成时；made，用于一般过去时。根据“since he came to his new class”可知要用现在完成时。make progress in…“在……某方面取得进步”。故选C。 9．B 【详解】句意：在过去的两年里，我很少见到他。 考查时态。see“看见”，根据“In the past two years”可知，此处用现在完成时，故选B。 10．A 【详解】句意：格林先生办公室的灯还亮着。我恐怕他还没有完成他的工作。 考查现在完成时。根据“The light is still on in Mr. Green’s office.”可知，格林先生办公室的灯还亮着，说明他的工作应该还没有完成，对现在产生了影响，句子应用现在完成时。故选A。 (二) 连词成句。 1. Sally has already changed her opinion. 2. I have learnt English for ten years. 3. Paul has arrived at the airport. 4. He has replied to his mother. 5. Sally has covered the birthmark with her long hair. (2) 用现在完成时写句子。 1. Maddie has studied my face. 2. I have forgot my bag. 3. Maddie has painted a red rose on her own face 4. I have looked at my birthmark in the mirror. 5. You have told everyone the good news. (四) 按要求改写句子。 1. You have learnt English for six years. (变否定句) You haven’t learnt English for six years. 2. My father has told me the truth. (变否定句) My father hasn’t told me the truth. 3. Maddie has changed Sally. (变一般疑问句) Has Maddie changed Sally? 4. Tom has made a cake. (就划线部分提问) What has Tom made? 5. I have made a mistake. (就划线部分提问) What have you done? $