外刊阅读+分类教学 day 17 新研究发现：上厕所玩手机，痔疮风险或增46% 任务单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

外刊阅读 Step 1: Reading Scrolling ‘raises risk of haemorrhoids more than straining’新研究发现：上厕所玩手机，痔疮风险或增46% ​​ 词数：320 改编自：泰晤士报 Article Main idea If you are reading this while sitting on the toilet, you may want to finish quickly. A new American study shows that using a smartphone in the lavatory (厕所) raises the chance of getting haemorrhoids (痔疮) by almost half. 提出警示——在厕所使用智能手机会增加患痔疮的风险。 Haemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen blood vessels around the anus. They can hurt, itch and bleed. Doctors usually blame low-fibre diets or straining, but the Boston team wondered whether modern habits also play a role. 解释痔疮的定义、症状及常规病因，补充背景知识。 Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre asked 125 adults who were waiting for a colonoscopy (结肠镜检查) to fill in an anonymous online form. Questions covered diet, exercise and toilet behaviour. After the exam, doctors recorded who had haemorrhoids. 介绍英国患病比例及研究动机，引出波士顿科研团队。 Two-thirds of the volunteers admitted that they took a smartphone into the toilet. These users were younger and spent much longer on the pan: 37 % of them sat for more than five minutes, compared with only 7 % of non-users. Statistical analysis showed that phone use itself, rather than straining, was linked to a 46 % higher risk of piles. Reading news or checking social media were the commonest activities. 详述研究对象、方法与关键发现：手机使用者风险高46%。 The scientists believe that a screen unintentionally (无意地) prolongs toilet time. While a person scrolls, the anus stays lower than the hips, causing blood to pool and vessels to swell. “We are still uncovering the hidden ways smartphones shape our health,” said senior author Trisha Pasricha. “The bathroom may look like a private theatre, but it is biologically designed for speed.” 解释“为何”手机会增加风险——久坐导致肛门血管压力升高。 The team advises people to leave the handset outside and to finish within three minutes. If you need longer, they suggest asking whether the delay is medical—or merely digital. After all, apps are engineered to make users lose track of time, and the rectum (直肠) pays the price. The results appear in the journal PLOS One. Until further studies appear, the cheapest preventive medicine may be a simple rule: no phones on the throne. 给出明确建议——限时速战，手机勿入；并指出软件设计会偷走时间。 Step 2: Exercise 【基础版：90分水平】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. What is the main finding of the Boston study? A. Straining is the top cause of haemorrhoids. B. Smartphone use in the toilet increases piles risk. C. Young people seldom use phones on the toilet. D. Fibre intake is more important than toilet habits. 2. How did the researchers collect data? A. By following people for five years. B. By checking hospital records only. C. Through surveys and medical exams. D. By testing different diets on volunteers. 3. What do we know about the volunteers who used phones? A. Most of them sat longer than five minutes. B. They were all over fifty years old. C. They ate more fibre than non-users. D. Few of them had haemorrhoids. 4. Why does prolonged sitting cause piles according to the text? A. It makes the anus higher than the hips. B. It reduces blood flow in the legs. C. It increases pressure on anal vessels. D. It dries out the skin around the anus. 5. Which advice is offered by the researchers? A. Use softer paper in the toilet. B. Keep toilet time short and phone-free. C. Drink less water before going. D. Add more salt to daily meals. 【提高版：130分水平】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. What is the primary contribution of the study described in the passage? A. It overturns the traditional view that straining causes haemorrhoids. B. It quantifies how smartphone use in the toilet independently raises piles risk. C. It proves that young people are immune to haemorrhoids if they eat fibre. D. It establishes colonoscopy as the only reliable diagnostic tool for piles. 2. The colonoscopy served which dual purpose in the research design? A. Treatment of haemorrhoids and verification of diet claims. B. Screening for cancer and objective confirmation of piles. C. Measurement of exercise levels and fibre absorption rates. D. Collection of blood samples and assessment of phone radiation. 3. The 46 % higher risk figure was calculated after controlling for variables such as ______. A. age, exercise and fibre intake B. income, education and occupation C. brand of smartphone and app type D. family history and previous surgery 4. Which inference can be made from Pasricha’s remark about “unintended consequences”? A. Smartphones will soon be banned in public hospitals. B. Digital devices may impair health in unexpected settings. C. Rectal diseases are mainly psychosomatic in origin. D. Social media directly causes cancer of the colon. 5. Which statement best reflects the author’s attitude toward the findings? A. Cautiously optimistic, pending larger trials. B. Strongly sceptical, citing methodological flaws. C. Neutral and purely descriptive. D. Satirical, mocking modern phone addiction. 答案与解析 【基础版答案】 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B 1.第一段明确给出结论“using a smartphone … raises the chance … by almost half”，选B。 2.第二、三段说明数据来自“online form”问卷+“colonoscopy”医学检查，对应C。 3.第四段“37 % of them sat for more than five minutes”说明A正确。 4.第五段解释“causing blood to pool and vessels to swell”，即增加血管压力，选C。 5.末段建议“leave the handset outside and finish within three minutes”，对应B。 【提高版答案】 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 1.研究首次用数据量化厕所使用手机与痔疮的独立关联，B正确。 2.结肠镜既筛查癌症又客观记录痔疮存在，体现双重目的，选B。 3.原文“accounting for other factors … age, exercise habits, fibre intake”，选A。 4.“unintended consequences”指智能手机在意想不到的场景损害健康，B合理。 5.作者引用期刊、呼吁进一步研究，态度是谨慎乐观，选A。 Step 3: Learning 1. warn 重点：动词：warn sb of sth / warn sb (not) to do; 派生名词 warning 常考“警示、警报”。 近义：caution, alert 反义：encourage 形近：wander（漫游） 拓展： warn → warning (n.) → warner (n. 警告者) → pre-warn (v. 预先警告) 2. risk 重点：名词“风险”；动词“冒风险”；高频搭配 at risk / run the risk of。 近义：danger, hazard 反义：safety, security 形近：rise（上升） 拓展： risk → risky (adj.) → riskily (adv.) → risk-taker (n.) 3. associate 重点：动词 associate A with B；形容词 associated 常考“相关的”；association 阅读理解高频。 近义：connect, link 反义：separate, dissociate 形近：assume（假设） 拓展： associate → association (n.) → associated (adj.) → associate (n. 同事) 4. evidence 重点：不可数名词“证据”；短语 give/provide evidence；派生形容词 evident。 近义：proof, indication 反义：disproof 形近：evidently (adv.) 拓展： evident → evidence (n.) → evidently (adv.) → self-evident (adj. 不言而喻的) 5. survey 重点：名词/动词“调查”；搭配 carry out / conduct a survey；动词变体 survey-surveyed-surveyed。 近义：poll, investigate 反义：ignore 形近：survive（幸存） 拓展： survey → surveyor (n.) → surveillance (n. 监控) 6. factor 重点：名词“因素”；高频句型 a key factor in…；数理化背景题常考。 近义：element, component 反义：whole 形近：factory（工厂） 拓展： factor → factorial (adj./n. 阶乘) → factorize (v. 因式分解) 7. record 重点：动词 / 名词 / 形容词：break a record; on record; recorded data。 近义：register, document 反义：erase 形近：recorder（录音机） 拓展： record → recording (n.) → recorder (n.) → record-breaking (adj.) 8. admit 重点：动词“承认；准许进入”；搭配 admit to (doing) sth；名词 admission 写作高频。 近义：confess, acknowledge 反义：deny 形近：adopt（采纳） 拓展： admit → admission (n.) → admittance (n. 准入) → admittedly (adv.) 9. tend 重点：动词 tend to do“倾向于”；派生名词 tendency 完形常考。 近义：incline, be likely 反义：refuse 形近：tent（帐篷） 拓展： tend → tendency (n.) → tending (n. 照料) → attentive (adj. 关心的) 10. account 重点：动词短语 account for“解释、占比”；名词 on account of“因为”；派生形容词 accountable。 近义：explain, represent 反义：disregard 形近：amount（数量） 拓展： account → accountable (adj.) → accountant (n.) → accountability (n.) 11. prolong 重点：动词“延长”；派生名词 prolongation；前缀 pro- = forward。 近义：extend, lengthen 反义：shorten, curtail 形近：belong（属于） 拓展： prolong → prolonged (adj.) → prolongation (n.) → long (adj.) 12. pressure 重点：名词“压力”；动词 press 的派生；物理、心理双语境阅读高频。 近义：stress, strain 反义：relief 形近：press (v.) 拓展： press → pressure (n.) → compress (v.) → depress (v.) → express (v.) 13. consequence 重点：名词“后果”；短语 as a consequence；形容词 consequent。 近义：result, outcome 反义：cause 形近：conservative（保守的） 拓展： consequence → consequent (adj.) → consequently (adv.) → sequential (adj.) 14. suggestion 重点：名词“建议”；动词 suggest 后接宾语从句用虚拟语气 (should) do；派生形容词 suggestive。 近义：proposal, advice 反义：prohibition 形近：digestion（消化） 拓展： suggest → suggestion (n.) → suggestive (adj.) → suggestible (adj. 易受影响的) 15. constant 重点：形容词“持续的”；副词 constantly 语法填空高频；派生名词 constancy。 近义：continuous, continual 反义：intermittent 形近：instant（立即的） 拓展： constant → constantly (adv.) → constancy (n.) → inconstancy (n.) 16. intend 重点：动词“打算”；固定搭配 intend to do / be intended for；名词 intention 写作高级词汇。 近义：plan, mean 反义：reject 形近：intense（强烈的） 拓展： intend → intention (n.) → intentional (adj.) → unintentional (adj.) 17. intervention 重点：名词“干预”；前缀 inter- = between；完形与阅读七选五高频。 近义：interference, involvement 反义：neglect 形近：invention（发明） 拓展： intervene (v.) → intervention (n.) → intervening (adj.) → interceptor (n.) 18. publish 重点：动词“出版、发表”；被动语态 be published in… ；派生名词 publication。 近义：issue, release 反义：withdraw 形近：punish（惩罚） 拓展： publish → publication (n.) → publisher (n.) → republish (v.) 19. consequence（已列，可替换为 preventive） 20. preventive 重点：形容词“预防性的”；派生名词 prevention；短语 preventive measures 应用文写作高频。 近义：precautionary, protective 反义：curative 形近：productive（多产的） 拓展： prevent → prevention (n.) → preventive (adj.) → preventable (adj.) Step 4: Complex Sentence 长难句 1 原句： Statistical analysis showed that phone use itself, which was linked to a 46 % higher risk of piles, was more important than straining. 汉语翻译： 统计分析显示，手机使用本身——而非排便用力——与痔疮风险升高46%相关，是更重要的因素。 层级结构图： · Statistical analysis (主语) · showed (谓语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · phone use itself (从句主语) · → which was linked to a 46 % higher risk of piles (非限制性定语从句，修饰 phone use) · was (从句系动词) · more important than straining (从句表语，含比较结构) 长难句 2 原句： The scientists believe that a screen unintentionally prolongs toilet time, while a person scrolls and the anus stays lower than the hips, causing blood to pool. 汉语翻译： 科学家们认为，屏幕会无意中延长如厕时间；在人们滑动手机时，肛门位置低于髋部，导致血液淤积。 层级结构图： · The scientists (主语) · believe (谓语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · a screen (从句主语) · unintentionally prolongs (从句谓语) · toilet time (从句宾语) · → while a person scrolls and the anus stays lower than the hips (时间状语从句，修饰 prolongs) · → causing blood to pool (现在分词短语作结果状语，修饰整个从句) Step 5: Review 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 1 warn 8 record 15 consequence 2 risk 9 admit 16 suggestion 3 associate 10 tend 17 intend 4 evidence 11 account 18 consequence 5 notorious 12 prolong 19 publish 6 survey 13 pressure 20 preventive 7 factor 14 evidence Step 6: Translate 如果你正坐在马桶上看这篇文章，最好赶紧结束。美国一项新研究显示，在厕所里使用智能手机会使患痔疮的风险增加近一半。 痔疮，又称痔，是肛门周围血管扩张肿胀形成的。它会引起疼痛、瘙痒甚至出血。医生通常把病因归咎于低纤维饮食或排便用力，但波士顿的研究团队怀疑现代习惯也难辞其咎。 贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的研究人员让125名等待结肠镜检查的成年人填写匿名网络问卷，内容涵盖饮食、运动及如厕行为。检查结束后，医生记录哪些人患有痔疮。 三分之二的志愿者承认会把手机带进厕所。这群人更年轻，在马桶上坐得更久：其中37%的人单次超过五分钟，而非手机用户仅7%。统计分析显示，导致痔疮风险升高46%的并非排便用力，而是“带机如厕”本身。刷新闻、看社交媒体是最常见的“马桶娱乐”。 科学家认为，屏幕会无意中延长如厕时间。人在滑动手机时，肛门位置低于髋部，血液淤积，血管扩张。“我们仍在揭示智能手机影响健康的隐秘方式，”资深作者特里莎·帕斯里查说，“卫生间看似私人剧场，但生理上它只为‘速战速决’而设计。” 研究团队建议：把手机留在门外，三分钟内解决战斗。若必须更久，先问自己是身体需要，还是手机舍不得。毕竟，应用天生让人忘记时间，而直肠为此买单。 论文发表于《PLOS ONE》。在更多研究出炉前，最便宜的“预防药”只有一条——“王座”之上，禁带手机。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $