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中考重难点语法【现在完成时】考点提炼&专项练习
中考现在完成时核心考点提炼
现在完成时是中考的必考考点,其核心在于理解“过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”以及“从过去持续到现在的动作或状态”。
一、基本结构
肯定句: have/has + 过去分词 (p.p.)
否定句: have/has + not + 过去分词
一般疑问句: Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...?
二、核心用法(两大重点)
1.完成性(影响性):表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
标志词:already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(还,仍,常用于否定和疑问句), never(从不), ever(曾经)
例句:
I have already finished my homework. (我已经做完作业了。——影响是:现在我有空了。)
He has just left. (他刚走。——影响是:你现在追出去可能还能看到他。)
— Have you seen the movie yet? (你看过那部电影了吗?)
— No, I haven't seen it yet. (不,我还没看。)
2.持续性:表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态(强调“持续”)。
标志词:for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子
例句:
We have lived here for ten years. (我们在这里住了10年了。——从10年前开始住,一直住到现在。)
She has been a teacher since 2010. (她从2010年起就当老师了。)
I have been ill since last Monday. (我从上周一就生病了。)
三、易混点辨析(超级重点!)
1.have been to vs have gone to
have been to:表示“曾经去过”(现在已经回来了)。常与 ever, never, once, twice 等连用。
My father has been to Beijing twice. (我父亲去过北京两次。——现在人不在北京)
have gone to:表示“已经去了”(现在可能在路上或已经在那个地方,还没回来)。
— Where is Tom? (汤姆呢?)
— He has gone to the library. (他去图书馆了。——现在不在这里)
2.瞬间动词(非延续性动词)的用法限制
问题:buy, die, leave, come, join, borrow 等动词表示的动作是一瞬间就结束的,不能与表示“一段时间”的 for... 或 since... 状语连用。
解决方法:将瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词或状态。
buy → have
borrow → keep
die → be dead
leave → be away (from)
come/arrive → be here/in + 地点
join → be in / be a member of
begin/start → be on
get married → be married
错误示例:He has left for three hours. (×)
正确示例:He has been away for three hours. (√) 或 He left three hours ago. (√)
2.since 和 for 的区别
since + 时间点 (e.g. since 1999, since last week, since he came here)
for + 时间段 (e.g. for two years, for a long time, for a few days)
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时:强调动作与现在的关系(影响或持续)。
I have lost my key. (我丢钥匙了。——现在还没找到,进不了门。)
一般过去时:只表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关,常带明确的过去时间状语。
I lost my key yesterday. (我昨天丢钥匙了。——只陈述昨天发生的事,不涉及现在找到没有。)
中考重难点语法【现在完成时】专项练习(分段)
第一部分:基础概念巩固(单选)
要求: 选择最佳答案,理解现在完成时的基本构成和标志词。
1.— ______ you ______ your homework yet?
— Yes, I have just finished it.
A. Have; finished
B. Did; finish
C. Do; finish
D. Will; finish
2.She ______ never ______ to a foreign country before.
A. has; been
B. have; been
C. has; gone
D. have; gone
3.Mr. Smith isn't in the office. He ______ to the meeting room.
A. goes
B. has gone
C. has been
D. went
4.— Have you found your lost watch?
— Not ______.
A. ever
B. already
C. yet
D. just
5.My family ______ in this town for over twenty years.
A. live
B. are living
C. have lived
D. will live
第二部分:易混点辨析(单选)
要求: 重点关注 have been to 与 have gone to 的区别,以及瞬间动词的用法。
1.— Where is your brother?
— He ______ the supermarket. He'll be back soon.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. goes to
D. went to
2.— Have you ______ the new science museum?
— Yes, I went there with my classmates last month.
A. gone to
B. been to
C. gone in
D. been in
3. His grandfather ______ for ten years. We all miss him very much.
A. died
B. has died
C. has been dead
D. was dead
4. I ______ this interesting book from the library last week. I can keep it for two weeks.
A. keep
B. have kept
C. borrowed
D. have borrowed
5. The concert ______ for about fifteen minutes. Don't miss the wonderful beginning!
A. has begun
B. began
C. has been on
D. was on
第三部分:时态对比(单选)
要求: 区分现在完成时和一般过去时的使用场景。
1. — ______ you ______ "The Wandering Earth"?
— Yes, I ______ it last Spring Festival.
A. Did; see; saw
B. Have; seen; have seen
C. Have; seen; saw
D. Did; see; have seen
2. His parents ______ in Beijing since 2008. They moved there before he was born.
A. worked
B. have worked
C. are working
D. will work
3. — I'm sorry, Mrs. Black. I ______ my homework at home.
— That's OK. Don't forget ______ it to school tomorrow.
A. forgot; to bring
B. left; to bring
C. have forgotten; bringing
D. have left; to bring
4. — Is this your key?
— Oh, yes! I ______ it everywhere. Where did you find it?
A. am looking for
B. have looked for
C. looked for
D. will look for
第四部分:综合运用(用所给词的正确形式填空)
要求: 根据句意和提示,填入动词的现在完成时形式。
1. — ________ you ________ (decide) which book to write about for English class?
— Not yet.
2. I ________ never ________ (eat) Italian food before. Is it good?
3. He ________ (be) to the Great Wall three times.
4. The train ________ just ________ (arrive). Let's get on.
5. How long ________ your parents ________ (work) in this hospital?
6. The boy is sad because he ________ (lose) his favorite toy car.
7. We ________ (know) each other since we were children.
第五部分:句型转换(同义句改写)
要求: 保持句意基本不变,改写句子。
1. I bought this bike five years ago.
→ I ________ ________ this bike ________ five years.
2. The film began 20 minutes ago.
→ The film ________ ________ ________ for 20 minutes.
3.He left his hometown ten years ago.
→ He ________ ________ ________ ________ his hometown for ten years.
4.She became a nurse in 2015.
→ She ________ ________ a nurse ________ 2015.
参考答案及解析
第一部分:基础概念巩固
1.A (疑问句结构:Have + 主语 + 过去分词...? yet 是完成时标志。)
2.A (主语 She 是第三人称单数,用 has。never 表示“经历”,用 been。)
3. B (“他不在办公室”说明他现在不在这里,是“已经去了”会议室,用 has gone to。)
4.C (yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句句末,表示“还”。)
5.C (for over twenty years 是一段时间,表示从过去持续到现在的状态,用现在完成时。)
第二部分:易混点辨析
1. B (“他很快就回来”说明他现在不在这里,是“已经去了”超市,用 has gone to。)
2. B (回答“我上个月去的”表示“曾经去过”并且已经回来了,用 has been to。)
3. C (for ten years 是一段时间,die 是瞬间动词,必须转换为可延续的状态 be dead。)
4. C (last week 是明确的过去时间点,表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关,用一般过去时。)
5. C (for about fifteen minutes 是一段时间,begin 是瞬间动词,必须转换为可延续的 be on。)
第三部分:时态对比
1. C (问句问“是否看过”,是问经历,用现在完成时。答句有明确过去时间 last Spring Festival,用一般过去时。)
2. B (since 2008 是现在完成时的典型标志,表示从2008年一直工作到现在。)
3. D (第一空,忘带作业是过去动作对现在(交不了作业)造成的影响,用现在完成时 have left。第二空,forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要做某事(还没做)”。)
4. B (“我到处找过了”这个过去的动作对现在(你找到了)造成了影响,并且隐含“我刚刚一直在找”的持续含义,用现在完成时。)
第四部分:综合运用
1. Have; decided (yet 是标志词。)
2. have; eaten (never 和 before 是完成时标志词。)
3. has been (three times 表示次数,是经历,用 has been to。)
4. has; arrived (just 是标志词,强调刚刚发生,对现在的影响是“我们可以上车了”。)
5. have; worked (How long... 询问持续时间,用现在完成时。)
6. has lost (“丢了玩具车”是过去发生的动作,导致现在“他很伤心”的结果。)
7. have known (since 引导的时间状语从句,谓语动词要用可延续的,know 是状态动词。)
第五部分:句型转换
1. have had; for (buy 改 have,five years ago 改 for five years。)
2. has been on (begin 改 be on,...ago 改 for...。)
3. has been away from (leave 改 be away from,...ago 改 for...。)
4. has been; since (became 改 has been,in 2015 改 since 2015。)
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