专题01 完形填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】期中考 满分冲刺考前梯度特训（新教材译林版·南通专用）2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

考前特训 专题01 完形填空 期中考满分冲刺（南通专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “完形填空”属于“语言知识运用”板块，考的不是孤立的单词记忆，而是在语篇中综合运用词汇与语法的能力：每小题给出四个选项，它们往往词性相同、语法都讲得通，只有唯一一个与上下文语境吻合。能不能读懂“这一句为什么接上一句”，是这道题的分水岭。 南通期中卷的完形填空多选记叙文与说明文，语篇长度适中但设空密度高（每篇 15 空），要求考生在 6—8 分钟内完成“读通全文—逐空定夺—代回复查”三步，因此“先抓主线、再抠细节”的答题节奏比逐词翻译更有效。 二、命题形式与题量 形式为“短文 + 设空”：每篇短文设 15 个空，每空 A、B、C、D 四个选项；本次特训共 8 篇、120 题，正文词数在 190—329 词之间，按由短到长的顺序梯度排布，便于先建立手感、再攻长难语篇。 每篇的首句通常不设空，用来交代话题、人物、时间与基调，是判断全文走向的关键位置；设空位置从句中扩展到句首与段首（如段标题设空），对“句子在段落中的功能”提出了更高要求。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 120 题梳理） 逐题梳理本次特训的 120 道题，考点分布如下（合计 120 题）： （1）名词辨析（23 题，约占 19%）：靠原词复现、场景暗示与固定搭配定名词，如 Passage 1 题 3 的 make a difference、Passage 7 题 15 的 instructions（模型说明书）、Passage 4 题 6 的 method（清洁身体的方法）。 （2）动词辨析（21 题，约占 18%）：实义动词近义辨析占多数，如 Passage 2 题 8 的 entered（进入大学）、Passage 5 题 15 的 fix（改正错误）、Passage 8 题 15 的 play（外出玩耍）；也有 lend a hand、make sb. do sth. 这类搭配型动词。 （3）形容词辨析（22 题，约占 18%）：集中在评价与情感色彩，如 Passage 2 题 5 的 smooth（顺利的）、Passage 3 题 3 的 peaceful（平静的）、Passage 8 题 12 的 interested（感兴趣的）；-ed / -ing 形容词的区分也在此列。 （4）副词与比较等级（15 题，约占 13%）：quickly / slowly / even 一类副词，以及 much、even 后面的比较级与 one of the + 最高级结构，如 Passage 3 题 2 的 closer、Passage 5 题 14 的 smartest、Passage 4 题 15 的 the most important。 （5）代词与限定词（10 题，约占 8%）：不定代词（nothing / everything / nobody）、反身代词（himself / myself）与名词性物主代词（theirs）为主，如 Passage 6 题 13 的 nothing、Passage 8 题 11 的 himself。 （6）连词、疑问词与句间逻辑（10 题，约占 8%）：so / but / when 一类连词、however / once / until 一类逻辑词，以及段标题里的疑问词，如 Passage 4 题 7 的 However、Passage 4 题 10 的 How。 （7）固定搭配与语法形式（19 题，约占 16%）：短语动词（give up / laugh at / looked around）、介词短语（such as / instead of / filled with / date from）、非谓语（use sth. to do、be ready to do）与语序（hard enough）都归入此类，是拉开分差的一块。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等偏上：实词（名词、动词、形容词）合计 66 题，超过半数，是得分主战场；虚词与语法形式类设空虽少，却常因“看不出搭配”而失分。近年南通期中卷的趋势是弱化纯语法辨析，强化“语境复现 + 固定搭配 + 段落功能”——四个选项词义相近，必须靠上下文的原词复现、褒贬色彩和搭配习惯才能定夺。 另一个明显变化是语篇类型更杂：人物成长（王虹、Lisa、Lila）、名著节选（汤姆·索亚刷栅栏）、科普说明（肥皂的历史与制法）、议论说理（朋友的意义）都可能出现，考生需要快速判断“这是记叙还是说明”，因为记叙文重情节与情感、说明文重顺序与因果，两者的解题线索完全不同。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读首句和首段，抓主线。第一个空之前通常有一到两句完整的话，那里藏着全文的“底色”——是写人还是写事、是过去时还是现在时、语气是褒还是贬。 第二步：看空格前后，先定词性。缺主语或宾语，优先找名词；缺谓语，找动词；修饰名词，找形容词；修饰动词或形容词，找副词；句子之间，找连词。词性一定，四个选项通常能立刻排除两个。 第三步：四项比对，抓“搭配 + 语境 + 色彩”。固定搭配（make a difference、lend a hand、give up）优先于词义；没有搭配可依时，看上下文的原词复现、同义替换与褒贬色彩。 第四步：代回通读，检查逻辑与语法。把选定的词放回原句读一遍，重点看时态是否一致、单复数是否吻合、前后分句的逻辑是否连得上；段标题与段首设的空，还要回头确认它能不能“管住”整段。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词辨析（固定搭配 make a difference）——以Passage 1 题 3 为例：上文说很多事无法选择，但“who our friends are”这一点可以自己决定；紧接着 “Having friends makes a 3 .” 后文又从两方面讲朋友带来的改变，make a difference（有影响、起作用）是固定搭配，故选 A（difference）。提示：名词空先看能否与前面的动词合成固定短语，plan / life / prize 都无法与 make a 搭配出“有影响”之意。 【点拨2】动词辨析（固定搭配 lend a hand）——以Passage 1 题 7 为例：上文指出 “When we are in need” 时朋友总会帮忙，设空句 “friends can always 7 a hand” 中的 lend a hand 意为“伸出援手”，故选 A（lend）；fight / borrow / wash 与 a hand 都搭不出“帮忙”之意。提示：borrow 是“借入”、lend 是“借出”，遇到“动词 + a + 名词”的结构，先想过不过得去固定短语这一关。 【点拨3】形容词辨析（转折定褒贬）——以Passage 2 题 5 为例：原文 “Some people think talent makes life easy.” 用 But 一转，说明王虹的路并不像人们想的那样平坦：“But Wang’s path was not 5 ” 后面的 “her grades were not good at first” 正说明她起步并不顺利，故选 C（smooth）。提示：形容词空先看转折词，再找后文的事实支撑；soft / comfortable 与“路”搭配不出“顺利”之意。 【点拨4】副词与比较等级（much 后接比较级）——以Passage 3 题 2 为例：原文 “the first step is to experience it on your own” 之前要求“feel much 2 to the earth”，much 只能修饰比较级，故排除 close（原级）与 closely（副词），closest 与 much 连用不合逻辑，选 A（closer）。提示：看到 much / even / a little / far，先想比较级；看到 one of the，先想最高级。 【点拨5】代词与限定词（指代一致）——以Passage 1 题 5 为例：原文 “First, they make our lives more interesting.” 讲朋友带来的好处，接着 “Friends enrich our lives and we enrich 5 too.” 说的是双向关系：朋友丰富我们的生活，我们也丰富“他们的（生活）”，此处指代前面的 friends，用名词性物主代词 theirs，选 C。提示：先找空格指代的对象，再看单复数与人称；yours / hers / his 都无法与 friends 对应。 【点拨6】连词与句间逻辑（转折）——以Passage 4 题 7 为例：上文说希腊医生 Galen 记录了用肥皂清洁身体的方法，下文却说 “bathing with soap was still not common”，前后语义相反，且空后紧跟逗号，故选 D（However）。提示：however 后一般跟逗号、but 后不跟逗号的差别要记牢；Moreover / Instead / Otherwise 与“写了方法→并不普遍”这层转折都不合。 【点拨7】疑问词（段标题的功能）——以Passage 4 题 10 为例：第四段先交代 “take some alkali and mix it with fat or oil”，再把整个流程收在一个小标题里：“ 10 to make soap”——下面依次是取碱、混合、入模、切块、等待变硬，回答的是“怎么做”，故选 D（How）。提示：段标题设空要看该段回答的是“是什么、为什么”还是“怎么做”，标题的疑问词必须与段落的展开方式一致。 【点拨8】非谓语动词（use sth. to do sth.）——以Passage 4 题 4 为例：原文 “people in Mesopotamia used it” 之后的空要求填目的状语：“ 4 the wool”，use sth. to do sth. 的结构决定了只能选 B（to clean）；clean / cleaning / cleaned 都不符合该结构。提示：见到 used / ready / able / difficult 一类词，空格在后面的动词多半要用 to do 或 -ing，按固定结构选，不要凭语感。 【点拨9】短语动词（语境定方向）——以Passage 2 题 7 为例：原文说她的成绩起初并不好，但后文 “She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students” 说明她坚持了下来，因此 “But she didn’t 7 .” 只能填 give up（放弃），选 D。提示：give back / give out / give away 分别是“归还、分发、赠送”，四个选项同为 give 短语时，先分清各自方向，再由语境定夺。 三、易错提醒 • 四个选项词性不同时，先定词性再比词义——词性定错，怎么读都选不对。 • 空格所在句读不懂，就往前找一句：完形的答案多半藏在上一句的原因、结果或对比里。 • 固定搭配优先于“感觉”：make a difference / lend a hand / give up / instead of 这类短语，认得出就不必逐词翻译。 • 段首、段标题设的空要“管得住整段”，选完必须回看该段其余句子是否都在支撑这个词。 • 选完必须代回原句读一遍，重点查时态、单复数与前后分句的逻辑是否连得上。 Passage 1 In our lives we find that we can’t choose many things. And this may make our lives 1 and more stressful (有压力的). But we can 2 one thing—who our friends are. Having friends makes a 3 . First, they make our lives more interesting. When we are happy, we can share 4 with them. Friends enrich (丰富) our lives and we enrich 5 too. Second, friends help us go through the 6 times. When we are in need, friends can always 7 a hand. And that can make hard things in our lives 8 much easier. So where do we find friends? This might sound an easy 9 but finding friends is not an easy thing. If we want to find friends 10 , try to join in activities we enjoy. This way we can easily 11 people with similar interests. And once we’re there, we can try asking for their contact 12 . We are shy at first, 13 the result may be a big surprise for us. Besides, we must put time, energy and love into friendships. It’s 14 to learn how to keep friendships. True friendships can 15 our hearts and give us hope. Remember it’s never too late to make friends. 1．A．better B．richer C．harder D．quicker 2．A．turn B．decide C．protect D．believe 3．A．difference B．plan C．life D．prize 4．A．pleasure B．change C．advice D．work 5．A．yours B．hers C．theirs D．his 6．A．happy B．difficult C．exciting D．healthy 7．A．lend B．fight C．borrow D．wash 8．A．seem B．taste C．drink D．smell 9．A．story B．text C．question D．lesson 10．A．probably B．freshly C．quickly D．actually 11．A．meet B．leave C．save D．draw 12．A．word B．information C．news D．language 13．A．and B．or C．but D．if 14．A．common B．magical C．important D．tiring 15．A．pack (包装) B．hunt C．touch D．pull 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨朋友对人生的意义，介绍朋友可以和我们分享喜悦、帮我们渡过困境，同时讲述寻找朋友、维系友谊的方法，点明真挚的友谊能够触动心灵、带来希望。 【详解】1．句意：在生活中我们发现很多事情无法选择，这会让我们的生活更艰难，压力更大。 后文用and连接more stressful，两个并列内容都表示生活的难处，harder“更艰难的”，符合语境；better“更好的”，richer“更富有的”，quicker“更快的”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 2．句意：但有一件事我们可以决定——谁成为我们的朋友。 前文提到很多事情无法选择，本句进行转折，说明选择朋友这件事可以自己做决定，decide“决定”，符合语境；turn“转动”，protect“保护”，believe“相信”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选B。 3．句意：拥有朋友会带来很大影响。 下文从两方面介绍朋友带来的改变，用到固定搭配make a difference表示“有影响、起作用”，difference“差异，影响”，符合语境；plan“计划”，life“生活”，prize“奖品”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。 4．句意：当我们开心的时候，可以和他们分享快乐。 前文讲到朋友带来的积极影响，本句承接开心的场景，和朋友分享喜悦，pleasure“快乐”，符合语境；change“改变”，advice“建议”，work“工作”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。 5．句意：朋友丰富我们的生活，我们也丰富他们的生活。 本句表达双向的关系，此处指代前面的friends，theirs“他们的”，符合语境；yours“你的”，hers“她的”，his“他的”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 6．句意：第二，朋友帮助我们度过艰难的时光。 后文提到when we are in need，指我们身处困境的时候，difficult“困难的”，符合语境；happy“快乐的”，exciting“令人兴奋的”，healthy“健康的”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选B。 7．句意：当我们有需要时，朋友总能伸出援手。 前文说到困境中朋友会给予帮助，固定搭配lend a hand表示“帮忙”，lend“借出”，符合语境；fight“打架”，borrow“借入”，wash“清洗”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。 8．句意：这能让生活中的难事似乎容易很多。 前文写朋友伸出援手，在朋友的帮助下，困难的事情看起来更容易，seem“似乎，好像”，符合语境；taste“尝起来”，drink“喝”，smell“闻起来”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。 9．句意：那么我们在哪里找朋友？这听起来是个简单的问题，但找朋友并不是一件容易的事。 上文抛出了一个问句，本句承接上文，question“问题”，符合语境；story“故事”，text“文本”，lesson“课”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 10．句意：如果我们想快速交到朋友，可以试着参加自己喜欢的活动。 后文给出参加爱好活动的交友办法，目的是快速找到朋友，quickly“快速地”，符合语境；probably“大概”，freshly“新近”，actually“实际上”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 11．句意：这样我们可以轻松遇到有相同兴趣的人。 前文说参加喜欢的活动，在活动里能够遇见志同道合的人，meet“遇见”，符合语境；leave“离开”，save“拯救”，draw“绘画”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。 12．句意：一旦到了那里，我们可以试着索要他们的联系信息。 想要和新朋友保持来往，需要获取联系信息，contact information表示“联系信息”，information“信息”，符合语境；word“单词”，news“新闻”，language“语言”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选B。 13．句意：一开始我们会害羞，但结果可能会给我们巨大惊喜。 前文提到害羞不敢主动，后文说结果会有惊喜，前后存在转折关系，but“但是”，符合语境；and“并且”，or“或者”，if“如果”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 14．句意：学会维系友谊是很重要的。 前文提到友谊需要投入时间、精力和爱，可见维系友谊这件事十分重要，important“重要的”，符合语境；common“普通的”，magical“神奇的”，tiring“累人的”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 15．句意：真挚的友谊能够触动我们的内心，带给我们希望。 后半句提到带给我们希望，说明真诚的友谊可以打动心灵，touch“触碰，触动”，符合语境；pack“包装”，hunt“搜寻”，pull“拉”，均不符合上下文逻辑，因此选C。 Passage 2 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one 1 woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were 2 middle school teachers. She showed an 3 talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already 4 first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was not 5 In middle school, her grades were not good at 6 —she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t 7 . She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she 8 Peking University (北京大学) and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little 9 at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture for six months. Then I remembered 10 hard I had learned math before. I only doubted (怀疑) 11 because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became 12 again and returned to math. She studied even 13 and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really 14 . She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture (三维挂谷猜想). Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so 15 and excited! Now, Wang is a professor (教授) at two great universities. With talent, hard work, and passion, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. 1．A．honest B．great C．patient D．brave 2．A．all B．each C．every D．both 3．A．unusual B．unkind C．unhappy D．unlucky 4．A．did B．searched C．provided D．finished 5．A．soft B．comfortable C．smooth D．single 6．A．second B．first C．third D．fifth 7．A．give back B．give out C．give away D．give up 8．A．walked B．left C．entered D．flew 9．A．lost B．happy C．active D．bored 10．A．which B．how C．when D．what 11．A．herself B．himself C．itself D．myself 12．A．crazy B．trustworthy C．confident D．cheerful 13．A．harder B．longer C．shorter D．kinder 14．A．boring B．developing C．relaxing D．amazing 15．A．patient B．surprised C．funny D．scared 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文讲述了中国杰出女数学家王虹的成长故事。文章介绍了她早年展现出的非凡数学天赋，求学路上遇到的挫折与迷茫，以及她如何重拾信心、刻苦钻研，最终解决百年数学难题并取得巨大成就的经历。 【详解】1．句意：今年对中国数学界来说是特别的一年。这都是因为一位杰出的女性——王虹。 根据下文王虹解决了百年数学难题并成为教授可知，她是一位非常杰出的人。honest意为“诚实的”，patient意为“耐心的”，brave意为“勇敢的”，均不符合语境；great 意为“伟大的、杰出的”，符合语境。 2．句意：她的父母两人都是中学老师。 根据常识，父母是两个人。all意为“（三者及以上）都”，each意为“每个”，every意为“每一个”，均不符合语境；both意为“（两者）都”，符合语境。 3．句意：她在很小的时候就表现出了对数学的非凡天赋。 根据后文“五岁学完一年级数学”可知，她的天赋异于常人。unkind意为“不友善的”，unhappy意为“不快乐的”，unlucky意为“不幸的”，均不符合语境；unusual意为“不寻常的”，符合语境。 4．句意：当她只有五岁时，她已经完成了一年级的数学，直接升到了二年级。 根据后文“went straight to second grade”可知，她结束了一年级的学习。did意为“做”，searched意为“搜索”，provided意为“提供”，均不符合语境；finished意为“完成”，符合语境。 5．句意：但王虹的道路并不顺利。 前文提到“talent makes life easy”，这里用“But”转折，说明她的路并不像人们想的那样容易。soft意为“柔软的”，comfortable意为“舒适的”，single意为“单一的”，均不符合语境；smooth意为“光滑的、顺利的”，符合语境 6．句意：在中学时，她的成绩起初并不好——她没有进入前100名。 根据后文“later became...”可知，这里是在讲刚开始的情况。second意为“第二”，third意为“第三”，fifth意为“第五”，均不符合语境；first意为“第一”，at first是固定搭配，意为“起初”，符合语境。 7．句意：但是她没有放弃。 根据后文“She worked very hard”可知，她坚持了下来。give back意为“归还”，give out意为“分发”，give away意为“赠送”，均不符合语境；give up意为“放弃”，符合语境。 8．句意：十六岁时，她进入北京大学学习更多数学知识。 此处指考入或进入大学。walked意为“走”，left意为“离开”，flew意为“飞”，均不符合语境；entered意为“进入”，符合语境。 9．句意：“那时我感到有点迷茫，”女孩说。 根据后文“I gave up on math”可知，她当时心态不好，不知道方向。happy意为“快乐的”，active意为“积极的”，bored意为“无聊的”，均不符合语境；lost意为“迷失的、迷茫的”，符合语境。 10．句意：然后我想起了我以前学数学是多么努力。 这里是感叹句结构，修饰副词hard。which意为“哪一个”，when意为“什么时候”，what意为“什么”，均不符合语境；how意为“多么”，符合语境。 11．句意：我只是怀疑我自己，因为我的同学都很聪明。 主语是I，对应的反身代词应该是“我自己”。herself意为“她自己”，himself意为“他自己”，itself意为“它自己”，均不符合语境；myself意为“我自己”，符合语境。 12．句意：王虹再次变得自信，回到了数学领域。 根据前文怀疑自己，现在回归数学，说明找回了信心。crazy意为“疯狂的”，trustworthy意为“值得信赖的”，cheerful意为“快乐的”，均不符合语境；confident意为“自信的”，符合语境。 13．句意：她学习更加努力，并在麻省理工学院获得了博士学位。 修饰动词studied，且even修饰比较级。longer意为“更长”，shorter意为“更短”，kinder意为“更善良”，均不符合语境；harder意为“更努力”，符合语境。 14．句意：今年二月，王虹做了一件非常惊人的事情。 根据后文解决百年难题可知，这是一件了不起的事。boring意为“无聊的”，developing意为“发展中的”，relaxing意为“放松的”，均不符合语境；amazing意为“令人惊奇的”，符合语境。 15．句意：全世界的数学家都非常惊讶和兴奋！ 面对如此巨大的成就，大家的反应应该是惊讶。patient意为“耐心的”，funny意为“滑稽的”，scared意为“害怕的”，均不符合语境；surprised意为“惊讶的”，符合语境 Passage 3 If you look at nature, and see just trees and grass, do you 1 what unbelievable things you are missing? Go outside. If you want to feel much 2 to the earth, the first step is to experience it on your own. Choose a place that you think that you could completely 3 . A place away from noisy cities is the best. One of the key things is that it must be calm and 4 . Any natural setting will do, 5 a forest and a mountain. Sit down on a rock, some dry leaves, or 6 on the ground. Really take in the sounds and the feel of everything around you. You always focus on “the big picture”, 7 , we should also notice the little details of things. Pay attention 8 the things lower on the ground. Do something 9 , like fishing. You will be amazed at how relaxing it is to just sit back and enjoy the natural 10 of the woods and birds. Go on a hike. Walking is great exercise and the pace of it will 11 you see and hear the little things. Don’t let time or distance (距离) 12 you. There are hikes of all lengths and difficulties. Go camping or backpacking. Don’t 13 to look at the stars. Often, they will look 14 when you are away from the light and smog of cities. Doing these kinds of things will bring about a 15 to enjoy nature, and make you notice how beautiful it is, and that we are creatures of this earth, too. 1．A．believe B．notice C．reach D．develop 2．A．closer B．close C．closely D．closest 3．A．see B．enjoy C．fight D．find 4．A．quite B．quiet C．poor D．tidy 5．A．for example B．such like C．such as D．as 6．A．just B．almost C．mostly D．most 7．A．however B．still C．but D．anyway 8．A．on B．at C．in D．to 9．A．possible B．important C．normal D．peaceful 10．A．photos B．sounds C．kinds D．colors 11．A．suggest B．advise C．get D．make 12．A．scare B．surprise C．support D．please 13．A．decide B．forget C．try D．stop 14．A．lighter B．heavier C．smaller D．brighter 15．A．chance B．danger C．thought D．result 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了如何通过亲身体验自然、关注细节、徒步和露营等方式，感受自然之美，培养享受自然的心态。 【详解】1．句意：如果你看着自然，只看到树木和草，你有没有注意到你错过了多少不可思议的事物？ 后文“what unbelievable things you are missing”提示需要“注意到”错过的事物，notice“注意到”符合语境，believe“相信”、reach“到达”、develop“发展”均不合理。 2．句意：如果你想感觉与地球更亲近，第一步就是亲自去体验它。 “much”修饰比较级，closer“更亲近的”符合语法要求，close“近的（原级）”、closely“紧密地（副词）”、closest“最近的（最高级）”均不合理。 3．句意：选择一个你认为可以完全享受的地方。 后文“A place away from noisy cities is the best.”提示选择一个可以完全“享受”的地方，enjoy“享受”符合语境，see“看见”、fight“战斗”、find“找到”均不合理。 4．句意：关键之一是它必须平静和安静。 空处与“calm”并列描述自然环境，quiet“安静的”符合语境，quite“相当”、poor“贫穷的”、tidy“整洁的”均不合理。 5．句意：任何自然环境都行，比如森林和山。 后文“a forest and a mountain”为举例，such as“例如”符合语境，for example“例如（后接句子）”、such like“错误搭配”、as“作为”均不合理。 6．句意：坐在石头上、干叶子上，或者就坐在地上。 空处与“on a rock, some dry leaves”并列，just“就；只是”符合语境，almost“几乎”、mostly“主要地”、most“最”均不合理。 7．句意：你总是关注“大局”，然而，我们也应该注意小细节。 空处前后为转折关系，且空后有逗号，however“然而”符合语境及语法要求，still“仍然”、but“但是（后不跟逗号）”、anyway“无论如何”均不合理。 8．句意：注意地面上较低的事物。 “pay attention to”为固定搭配，意为“注意”，to“到”符合语法要求，on“在……上”、at“在”、in“在……里”均不合理。 9．句意：做一些平静的事情，比如钓鱼。 后文“like fishing”及“how relaxing it is”提示做一些“平静的”事情，peaceful“平静的”符合语境，possible“可能的”、important“重要的”、normal“正常的”均不合理。 10．句意：你会惊讶于坐下来享受树林和鸟儿的自然声音是多么放松。 后文“the woods and birds”提示此处表示自然的“声音”，sounds“声音”符合语境，photos“照片”、kinds“种类”、colors“颜色”均不合理。 11．句意：步行是很好的运动，它的节奏会使你看到和听到小事物。 此处语境为“它的节奏会使你看到和听到小事物”，“make sb. do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”，make“使”符合语境，suggest“建议”、advise“建议”、get“得到”均不合理。 12．句意：不要让时间或距离吓倒你。 后文“There are hikes of all lengths and difficulties.”提示不要让时间或距离“吓倒”你，scare“吓倒”符合语境，surprise“使惊讶”、support“支持”、please“使高兴”均不合理。 13．句意：不要忘记看星星。 后文“look at the stars”提示不要“忘记”看星星，forget“忘记”符合语境，decide“决定”、try“尝试”、stop“停止”均不合理。 14．句意：通常，当你远离城市的灯光和烟雾时，它们看起来会更明亮。 后文“away from the light and smog of cities”提示远离城市灯光后星星看起来“更明亮”，brighter“更明亮的”符合语境，lighter“更轻的”、heavier“更重的”、smaller“更小的”均不合理。 15．句意：做这些事情会带来一个机会去享受自然。 后文“to enjoy nature”提示带来一个“机会”去享受自然，chance“机会”符合语境，danger“危险”、thought“想法”、result“结果”均不合理。 Passage 4 We use it every day. At your local supermarket, you can see shelves are 1 the stuff. It’s soap. But how did people start using soap and how is it made? The origin of soap The word “soap” comes from the Celtic word “saipo”, which means “fat”, the material that soap is made 2 . The oldest soap can 3 from 3,000 BC． At that time, people in Mesopotamia used it 4 the wool. Over the following centuries, soap continued to be used to clean 5 but the human body. Using soap to bathe In the second century, a Greek doctor named Galen wrote about the 6 of using soap to clean the body. 7 , bathing with soap was still not common. It wasn’t 8 the seventeenth century that soap was used for bathing in Europe. But only the wealthy could afford it. In the nineteenth century, the soap became available to most people. For this 9 , cleanliness standards improved in many places. 10 to make soap Soap has been so common throughout history because it isn’t hard to make. To make it, take some alkali(碱) and mix it with fat or oil. 11 everything is mixed, leave the soap in a mould until it becomes hard. After 24 hours, it’s ready 12 into pieces. But you need to be 13 . That’s because the soap still needs around two to three weeks to become 14 before you can use it. Easy to make, soap has helped humans stay clean all the way to the modern age. You could even say it’s one of 15 inventions in human history. 1．A．filled of B．fulled of C．filled with D．full with 2．A．of B．from C．in D．by 3．A．return B．invent C．fall D．date 4．A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 5．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 6．A．course B．method C．speech D．sentence 7．A．Moreover B．Instead C．Otherwise D．However 8．A．until B．against C．after D．before 9．A．suggestion B．tool C．reason D．object 10．A．When B．Who C．What D．How 11．A．Unless B．Since C．As D．Once 12．A．cut B．cuts C．to cut D．cutting 13．A．perfect B．patient C．polite D．possible 14．A．hard enough B．soft enough C．enough hard D．enough soft 15．A．important B．more important C．the most important D．the least important 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍肥皂的起源、发展历史，讲述肥皂从古至今的用途变化，介绍了肥皂简单的制作方法。 【详解】1．句意：在当地超市，你能看到货架上摆满这种物品，它就是肥皂。 固定搭配be filled with，表示装满、充满。filled of、fulled of、full with均为错误搭配，不符合语境。 2．句意：单词“soap”来自凯尔特语“saipo”，意思是脂肪，也就是制作肥皂的原材料。 固定搭配be made of，看得出原材料；be made from看不出原材料。肥皂由脂肪制作，成品看不出脂肪，用from。of，in，by三者不符合语境。 3．句意：最早的肥皂可以追溯到公元前3000年。 下文给出“3,000 BC”这一具体时间，说明是在追溯肥皂的起源。date from为固定短语，意为追溯到。return“返回”，invent“发明”，fall“落下”，三者不符合语境。 4．句意：那时，美索不达米亚人用它来清洗羊毛。 下文说肥皂后来才用于清洁人体，此处指早期用于清洗羊毛等物品。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.使用某物做某事，to clean作目的状语。clean，cleaning，cleaned三者不符合该结构，不符合语境。 5．句意：在之后的几个世纪里，肥皂持续被用来清洁物品，而不是清洁人体。 everything意为“所有事物”，此处指除人体之外的所有物品，与后文“but the human body”形成对比。something“某物”，anything“任何事物”，nothing“没有东西”，三者不符合语境。 6．句意：在第二个世纪，一位名叫盖伦的希腊医生写下了用肥皂清洁身体的方法。 上文提到肥皂此前主要用于清洁物品，此处医生开始记录用于身体的方法。method意为“方法”，指使用肥皂清洁身体的方式。course“课程”，speech“演讲”，sentence“句子”，三者不符合语境。 7．句意：然而，用肥皂洗澡并不普遍。 上文提到医生写下了用肥皂清洁身体的方法，下文却说并不普遍，前后语义转折。However意为然而，表转折关系。Moreover“此外”，Instead“代替”，Otherwise“否则”，三者不符合语境。 8．句意：直到十七世纪，欧洲才开始使用肥皂洗澡。 下文说“But only the wealthy could afford it”，说明十七世纪时肥皂才刚开始用于洗澡，且只有富人用得起。固定结构not…until…直到……才。against“反对”，after“在……之后”，before“在……之前”，三者不符合语境。 9．句意：正因这个原因，很多地方的清洁标准得以提升。 上文说十九世纪肥皂普及到大多数人，下文说清洁标准提升，前后构成因果关系。for this reason是固定短语，意为“因为这个原因”。suggestion“建议”，tool“工具”，object“物体”，三者不符合语境。 10．句意：如何制作肥皂。 本段介绍肥皂的制作步骤，How意为如何，引出制作方法。When“何时”，Who“谁”，What“什么”，三者不符合语境。 11．句意：一旦所有东西混合完毕，把肥皂倒入模具直到变硬。 下文说“leave the soap in a mould until it becomes hard”，说明混合完成后进入下一步。Once意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。Unless“除非”，Since“自从”，As“当……”，三者不符合语境。 12．句意：24小时之后，它就准备好被切成小块。 固定搭配be ready to do sth.准备好做某事，to cut符合结构。cut，cuts，cutting三者不符合该结构，不符合语境。 13．句意：但是你需要有耐心。 后文提到肥皂还需要两三周才能成熟，说明制作肥皂要有耐心。patient意为“耐心的”。perfect“完美的”，polite“礼貌的”，possible“可能的”，三者不符合语境。 14．句意：那是因为肥皂还需要大约两到三周才能变得足够坚硬，才可以使用。 上文说肥皂需要等待两三周，说明它此时还不够硬，需要时间变硬才能使用。hard enough意为足够坚硬，enough修饰形容词需放在形容词之后。soft enough“足够柔软”，enough hard、enough soft语序错误，三者不符合语境。 15．句意：你甚至可以说它是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。 全文介绍了肥皂从古至今在人类生活中的重要作用，结尾用最高级总结其地位。one of +the+形容词最高级，意为最……之一，the most important最重要的。important原级，more important比较级，the least important最不重要的，三者不符合语境。 Passage 5 What if the best learner in class never takes notes with a pen? When I first saw Lila in our school last term, I felt she was quite 1 —she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons. 2 we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly, 3 on the blackboard. One day, our math teacher gave a surprise 4 . Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished 5 . When the teacher showed her paper with full marks to all of us, someone finally asked, “How do you remember everything without 6 ?” Lila smiled and played a short recording. It was the 7 voice explaining key points. “I don’t write every word,” she said. “I record the parts I might 8 , then listen to them while walking home. Writing down too much makes me 9 the teacher’s explanations.” We soon noticed more about her. After class, she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions 10 rushing to play. When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the 11 clearly, not just the correct answers. What impressed (给……留下印象) me most was her willingness to help others. Once, she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she 12 made simple cards for him. Now 13 thinks Lila is strange. She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the 14 . It means listening carefully, asking questions bravely, and never being afraid to 15 mistakes. True learning, as Lila shows us, is a journey of understanding, not just recording. 1．A．strange B．thoughtful C．curious D．energetic 2．A．Before B．When C．Until D．Once 3．A．ears B．nose C．eyes D．mouth 4．A．speech B．prize C．journey D．test 5．A．cheerfully B．quickly C．possibly D．secretly 6．A．writing B．remembering C．understanding D．asking 7．A．parent’s B．uncle’s C．teacher’s D．student’s 8．A．translate B．pronounce C．repeat D．forget 9．A．predict B．believe C．miss D．improve 10．A．because of B．instead of C．free of D．full of 11．A．importance B．grammar C．feelings D．reasons 12．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 13．A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 14．A．safest B．least C．smartest D．luckiest 15．A．encourage B．fix C．invent D．develop 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文通过描述莉拉独特的学习方法，阐述了真正学习在于理解而非简单记录的道理。 【详解】1．句意：上学期我第一次在学校看到莉拉时，我觉得她很奇怪——她只带了一本笔记本和一台录音机来上课。 strange奇怪的；thoughtful体贴的；curious好奇的；energetic精力充沛的。根据“she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons.”可知，她只带了一本笔记本和一台录音机来上课，这让人觉得很奇怪。故选A。 2．句意：当我们匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，她只是静静地坐着，眼睛盯着黑板。 Before在……之前；When当……时候；Until直到；Once一旦。根据“we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly”可知，此处指当“我们”匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，莉拉只是静静地坐着，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。 3．句意：当我们匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，她只是静静地坐着，眼睛盯着黑板。 ears耳朵；nose鼻子；eyes眼睛；mouth嘴巴。根据“on the blackboard”可知，此处指眼睛盯着黑板。故选C。 4．句意：一天，我们的数学老师进行了一次突击测试。 speech演讲；prize奖品；journey旅行；test测试。根据“Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions”可知，此处指数学老师进行了一次突击测试。故选D。 5．句意：我们大多数人不知道如何回答这些问题，但莉拉很快就完成了。 cheerfully愉快地；quickly迅速地；possibly可能地；secretly秘密地。根据“Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished...”可知，此处表转折，说明莉拉很快就完成了测试。故选B。 6．句意：不写字你怎么记住一切？ writing写；remembering记住；understanding理解；asking问。根据“How do you remember everything without...”可知，此处指不写字怎么能记住一切。故选A。 7．句意：那是老师解释要点的声音。 parent’s父母的；uncle’s叔叔的；teacher’s老师的；student’s学生的。根据“voice explaining key points”可知，此处指老师解释要点的声音。故选C。 8．句意：我记录下我可能会忘记的部分，然后在走回家的时候听。 translate翻译；pronounce发音；repeat重复；forget忘记。根据“I record the parts I might..., then listen to them while walking home.”可知，此处指记录下可能会忘记的部分。故选D。 9．句意：写太多会让我错过老师的解释。 predict预测；believe相信；miss错过；improve提高。根据“Writing down too much makes me...the teacher’s explanations.”可知，此处指写太多会错过老师的解释。故选C。 10．句意：下课后，她经常留下来问老师后续问题，而不是急着去玩。 because of因为；instead of而不是；free of免于；full of充满。根据“she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions...rushing to play.”可知，此处指她经常留下来问老师后续问题，而不是急着去玩。故选B。 11．句意：当她在作业中犯错误时，她会清楚地写下原因，而不仅仅是正确的答案。 importance重要性；grammar语法；feelings感觉；reasons原因。根据“When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the...clearly, not just the correct answers.”可知，此处指她不仅写下正确答案，还会清楚地写下犯错的原因。故选D。 12．句意：有一次，她花了三个午餐休息时间帮助我们的同学理解语法规则——她甚至为他制作了简单的卡片。 still仍然；even甚至；ever曾经；never从不。根据“she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she...made simple cards for him.”可知，此处指她甚至为同学制作了简单的卡片。故选B。 13．句意：现在没人认为莉拉很奇怪了。 nobody没有人；somebody某人；anybody任何人；everybody每个人。根据“She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the...”可知，莉拉向我们展示了如何成为一个好的学习者，所以现在没人认为她很奇怪了。故选A。 14．句意：她告诉我们，成为一个好的学习者不是要最努力地学习，而是要最聪明地学习。 safest最安全的；least最少的；smartest最聪明的；luckiest最幸运的。根据“She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the...”可知，此处指成为一个好的学习者不是要最努力地学习，而是要最聪明地学习。故选C。 15．句意：永远不要害怕改正错误。 encourage鼓励；fix改正；invent发明；develop发展。根据“mistakes”可知，此处指“改正”错误。故选B。 Passage 6 阅读以下语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There was once a boy called Jack who loved to make a lot of friends. He was always proud that he had so many friends at school. One day his grandfather said to him, “Jack, you spend much time making friends but are you sure the friends you are 1 of are your true friends? I am afraid that some of them are nothing more than classmates.” However, Jack didn’t 2 it, “We always play happily together.” “Wait a minute,” the old man left, and soon returned as if carrying something in his hands, but Jack could see nothing there. “Take the 3 chair. It’s rather hard to sit on it because you can’t see it. But if you take it to school and 4 sit on it, you’ll activate (激活) its magic. Then you will be able to tell 5 your real friends are.” Jack wanted to know whether it was true or not, 6 he took it to school. At break time, he asked his classmates to make a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Nobody moves, or you 7 see anything amazing.” Having difficulty 8 the chair, Jack tried to sit on it and fell straight onto his backside. It seemed that everyone around 9 had a pretty good laugh. “Wait! Let me try again.” Jack said. But he missed the 10 again. At the same time, what he heard were just their catcalls. Jack didn’t stop trying. But he kept falling onto the floor…until, suddenly, he was in mid-air…Jack 11 and saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends 12 him up. At the same time, many others he had thought as friends had done 13 but make fun of him and enjoy his every fall. Jack 14 that true friends were those who care for him, but not just those who happened to be passing by. And the one who laughed at you was not a 15 friend. 1．A．tired B．careful C．proud D．afraid 2．A．repeat B．believe C．hope D．explain 3．A．special B．valuable C．beautiful D．important 4．A．politely B．usually C．successfully D．certainly 5．A．who B．where C．why D．whether 6．A．but B．because C．so D．though 7．A．won’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 8．A．moving B．seeing C．making D．showing 9．A．him B．her C．me D．us 10．A．circle B．laugh C．chair D．truth 11．A．looked after B．looked up C．looked at D．looked around 12．A．cheering B．holding C．picking D．waking 13．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 14．A．encouraged B．expected C．understood D．suggested 15．A．close B．true C．bad D．nice 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述男孩Jack有很多朋友，爷爷用一把有魔力的特殊椅子，帮Jack分辨谁才是真正的朋友。Jack在同学们面前尝试坐椅子摔倒时，少数朋友伸手扶他，其他人只是嘲笑，Jack由此懂得：真正的朋友是关心自己的人。 【详解】1．句意：Jack，你花很多时间交朋友，但你确定你引以为傲的这些朋友是你的真朋友吗？ 前文提到He was always proud that he had so many friends，be proud of是固定搭配，表示“为……自豪”，proud“自豪的”，符合语境；tired“疲惫的”，careful“仔细的”，afraid“害怕的”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 2．句意：然而，Jack并不相信这番话。“我们总是在一起开心玩耍。” 爷爷提出质疑，Jack不认同爷爷的说法，believe“相信”，符合语境；repeat“重复”，hope“希望”，explain“解释”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 3．句意：拿上这把特殊的椅子。 后文说这把椅子有魔法，说明它很特别，special“特殊的”，符合语境；valuable“有价值的”，beautiful“美丽的”，important“重要的”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 4．句意：但是如果你把它带到学校，并且成功坐到上面，它的魔法就会被激活。 要激活魔法，需要成功坐上椅子，successfully“成功地”，符合语境；politely“礼貌地”，usually“通常”，certainly“当然”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 5．句意：然后你就能分辨出谁是你真正的朋友。 句子询问人，who“谁”，符合语境；where“哪里”，why“为什么”，whether“是否”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 6．句意：Jack想知道这是不是真的，所以他把椅子带到了学校。 前半句是原因，后半句是结果，so“所以”，符合语境；but“但是”，because“因为”，though“虽然”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 7．句意：没人能动，不然你就看不到任何神奇的事情。 本句表达将来不会发生，won’t“将不会”，符合语境；shouldn’t“不应该”，needn’t“不必”，mustn’t“禁止”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 8．句意：很难看见这把椅子，Jack努力尝试坐上去，却径直摔在了地上。 前文提到you can’t see it，所以是难以看见椅子，seeing“看见”，符合语境；moving“移动”，making“制作”，showing“展示”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 9．句意：似乎周围每个人都开怀大笑。 此处指代Jack，作介词宾语用him，him“他”，符合语境；her“她”，me“我”，us“我们”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 10．句意：但是他又一次没能坐到椅子上。 Jack的目标是坐上这把魔法椅子，chair“椅子”，符合语境；circle“圆圈”，laugh“笑声”，truth“真相”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 11．句意：……直到他在空中，Jack环顾四周，看见了George、Lucas和Diana。 Jack在空中时向四周看，looked around“环顾四周”，符合语境；looked after“照顾”，looked up“查阅；抬头看”，looked at“看”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 12．句意：他最好的三个朋友扶住了他。 Jack要摔倒，朋友伸手扶住他，holding“托住、扶住”，符合语境；cheering“欢呼”，picking“捡起”，waking“叫醒”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 13．句意：同时，很多他曾经以为是朋友的人什么也没做，只是取笑他，享受他摔倒的场面。 这些朋友没有伸出援手，什么都没做，nothing“没有什么”，符合语境；something“某事”，everything“一切”，anything“任何事物”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 14．句意：Jack明白了真正的朋友是关心他的人，而不只是恰好路过的人。 经历这件事后Jack懂得这个道理，understood“明白”，符合语境；encouraged“鼓励”，expected“期待”，suggested“建议”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 15．句意：而嘲笑你的人，并不是真正的朋友。 全文主题是分辨真朋友，true“真正的”，符合语境；close“亲密的”，bad“坏的”，nice“美好的”，均不符合上下文逻辑。 Passage 7 Lisa used to struggle with English—she forgot new words easily and feared speaking. Her teacher told her, “Being a good 1 needs hard work, not just talent.” This made Lisa decide to change. She bought a notebook to write down words and reviewed them 2 a day: once in the morning and once at night. To remember better, she used words in simple 3 , like “I will return your book tomorrow.” She even asked her dad for 4 advice, and he helped her correct mistakes. Later, Lisa started reading English stories 5 . At first, she read slowly and looked up many words, but she didn’t stop. She also joined an English club to practice 6 . At first, she was shy, but her classmates encouraged her. Soon, she could talk about DIY projects—like how to make a paper rose—in English. Everyone said her sharing was 7 . Last month, there was an “English & DIY” competition. Lisa planned to make a greeting card for her mom. She prepared colored paper, 8 , glue and paint. She folded the paper, drew a rose, and used paint to color it. When the glue wasn’t strong enough, she added a little 9 . She also checked the 10 of every word in her English message to avoid errors. At the competition, Lisa introduced her card confidently. She won third prize! Her teacher 11 her, saying, “Your English and DIY skills are great!” Lisa realized both learning and DIY need 12 —you can’t succeed fast. Now, she reads English aloud daily and does small DIY projects on weekends. She helps her deskmate with English too, telling him, “ 13 mistakes and keep trying.” Lisa’s mom put the card on a shelf. Guests always praise it, and Lisa feels proud. She often says, “Never 14 if you want to succeed.” Now, she wants to make a model plane and introduce it in English at the school fair. She’s already bought materials and is reading the 15 carefully. She knows it’s a challenge, but she’s ready. 1．A．learner B．student C．reader D．speaker 2．A．once B．twice C．three times D．four times 3．A．sentences B．words C．passages D．stories 4．A．useful B．useless C．boring D．interesting 5．A．quietly B．aloud C．slowly D．quickly 6．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 7．A．bad B．terrible C．great D．boring 8．A．tape B．colored pens C．ink D．cloth 9．A．more glue B．more paper C．more tape D．more paint 10．A．spelling B．meaning C．pronunciation D．grammar 11．A．praised B．thanked C．helped D．taught 12．A．talent B．luck C．hard work D．time 13．A．Face B．Avoid C．Forget D．Leave 14．A．give up B．look up C．wake up D．grow up 15．A．news B．instructions C．stories D．messages 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女孩丽莎如何通过坚持不懈的努力，从英语学习中遇到困难到取得进步并获奖，并在这个过程中体会到了勤奋的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：她的老师告诉她，“成为一名好的学习者需要努力，而不仅仅是天赋。” learner学习者；student学生；reader读者；speaker说话者。 根据后文丽莎改变学习方法、付出努力的行为可知，老师强调的是如何成为一个好的“学习者”。故选A。 2．句意：她买了一本笔记本记单词，并每天复习两次：一次在早上，一次在晚上。 once一次；twice两次；three times三次；four times四次。根据“once in the morning and once at night”可知，每天复习两次。故选B。 3．句意：为了更好地记忆，她在简单的句子中使用单词，比如“我明天会把书还给你。” sentences句子；words单词；passages段落；stories故事。空格后举例“I will return your book tomorrow.”是一个完整的句子。根据举例内容可知，丽莎是在句子中运用单词来记忆。故选A。 4．句意：她甚至向她爸爸寻求有用的建议，他帮助她纠正错误。 useful有用的；useless无用的；boring无聊的；interesting有趣的。根据后半句“he helped her correct mistakes”可知，爸爸的建议是有帮助的、有用的。故选A。 5．句意：后来，丽莎开始大声朗读英语故事。 quietly安静地；aloud大声地；slowly慢慢地；quickly快速地。后文提到“At first, she was shy, but her classmates encouraged her. Soon, she could talk about DIY projects”可知，她加入英语俱乐部练习说，可以推测她通过朗读来练习口语。故选B。 6．句意：她还加入了一个英语俱乐部来练习口语。 writing写作；speaking口语；reading阅读；listening听力。根据下文“Soon, she could talk about DIY projects—like how to make a paper rose—in English.”可知，在俱乐部主要是练习“说”。故选B。 7．句意：每个人都说她的分享很棒。 bad糟糕的；terrible可怕的；great极好的，很棒的；boring无聊的。根据“At first, she was shy, but her classmates encouraged her. ”以及丽莎在俱乐部进步很快，可以推测同学们对她的分享持正面评价。故选C。 8．句意：她准备了彩纸、彩笔、胶水和颜料。 tape胶带；colored pens彩笔；ink墨水；cloth布。根据“drew a rose, and used paint to color it”可知，与“colored paper”（彩纸）、“glue”（胶水）、“paint”（颜料）并列，且可以画的常用工具是彩笔。故选B。 9．句意：当胶水不够牢固时，她多加了一点胶水。 more glue更多胶水；more paper更多纸；more tape更多胶带；more paint更多颜料。 根据前文“the glue wasn’t strong enough”可知，需要多加了一点胶水。故选A。 10．句意：她还检查了她英语信息中每个单词的拼写，以避免错误。 spelling拼写；meaning意思；pronunciation发音；grammar语法。根据“every word in her English message to avoid errors”可知，最需要仔细检查的是单词的“拼写”。故选A。 11．句意：她的老师表扬了她，说：“你的英语和DIY技能都很棒！” praised表扬；thanked感谢；helped帮助；taught教导。 根据“Your English and DIY skills are great!”可知，老师是在表扬她。故选A。 12．句意：丽莎意识到学习和DIY都需要努力——你不能快速成功。 talent天赋；luck运气；hard work勤奋；time时间。根据“you can’t succeed fast”和开头“needs hard work, not just talent”可知，强调的是需要努力。故选C。 13．句意：面对错误并继续努力。” Face面对；Avoid避免；Forget忘记；Leave离开。根据丽莎的成长经历（从害怕到克服）和“keep trying”（继续努力）的鼓励性语境，应该是鼓励别人“面对”错误。故选A。 14．句意：如果你想要成功，永远不要放弃。” give up放弃；look up查阅；wake up醒来；grow up成长。根据“Never...if you want to succeed.”可知，这是总结全文主旨的励志格言，结合丽莎的坚持不懈，此处指永不放弃。故选A。 15．句意：她已经买了材料，正在仔细阅读说明书。 news新闻；instructions说明书，指示；stories故事；messages信息。根据“Now, she wants to make a model plane and introduce it in English at the school fair.”可知，她想制作一个飞机模型，制作模型通常需要按照“说明书”操作。故选B。 Passage 8 Saturday was a beautiful day. It was summer and the sun was hot and there were flowers in all the gardens. It was a day for everybody to be happy. Tom Sawyer came out of his house with a brush and a big pot (桶) of 1 paint in his hand. His aunt asked him to paint the fence (栅栏). He looked at the fence. It was three metres high and thirty metres 2 . He put his brush in the paint and painted 3 of the fence. He did it again. Then he stopped and looked at the fence, put down his brush and sat down. There were 4 of work in front of him and he was the 5 boy in the village (村庄). After ten minutes, Tom had an idea, a 6 idea. He took up the brush again and began to work. He saw his friend Joe happy in the street, but he didn’t look at him. Joe came up to Tom and looked at the fence. “I am sorry, Tom.” Tom said 7 . The paint brush moved 8 . “Working for your aunt?” said Joe. “I am going down to the river. I am sorry you can’t come with me.” Tom put down his brush. “You call this work?” he said. “Painting a fence?” said Joe. “Of course it’s work!” “Perhaps it is and perhaps it isn’t. But I 9 it. I can go to the river any day. I can’t paint a fence very often.” Then Tom painted very 10 and carefully. He often stopped, moved back from the fence and looked at his work with a smile. Tom seemed to enjoy 11 while painting. Joe began to get very 12 , and wanted to paint. Tom gave him the brush. For the 13 time that day he was a very happy boy. More friends came to 14 Tom, but soon they all wanted to paint too. By the afternoon, the fence—all thirty metres of it—was a beautiful white. Tom Sawyer could go out to 15 finally. 1．A．black B．blue C．red D．white 2．A．wide B．long C．tall D．short 3．A．some B．much C．most D．any 4．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days 5．A．cutest B．happiest C．unhappiest D．worst 6．A．careful B．cheerful C．meaningful D．wonderful 7．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 8．A．here and there B．up and down C．right and left D．day and night 9．A．like B．hate C．finish D．choose 10．A．quickly B．easily C．exactly D．slowly 11．A．herself B．themselves C．himself D．itself 12．A．interested B．interesting C．amazing D．amazed 13．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 14．A．look at B．laugh at C．look for D．fight with 15．A．work B．play C．fly D．paint 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文讲述汤姆·索亚被姨妈安排刷栅栏，他巧用计谋让朋友主动帮忙完成任务，最终得以外出玩耍的小故事。 【详解】1．句意：汤姆·索亚手里拿着一把刷子和一大桶白色油漆走出家门。 最后一段“By the afternoon, the fence—all thirty metres of it—was a beautiful white”表明最后栅栏被刷成了漂亮的白色，因此油漆是白色的。white意为“白色的”，符合线索。 2．句意：栅栏有三米高，三十米长。 最后一段“By the afternoon, the fence—all thirty metres of it—was a beautiful white”表明栅栏的长度是三十米。long意为“长的”，符合线索。 3．句意：他把刷子蘸进油漆里，刷了一部分栅栏。 汤姆刚开始刷栅栏，只刷了一小部分，some意为“一些，一部分”，符合刚开始刷栅栏的动作语境。 4．句意：他面前有好几个小时的工作要做，他成了村子里最不开心的男孩。 前文“It was three metres high and thirty metres...”表明刷栅栏是耗时的工作，因此是耗费数小时。hours意为“小时”，符合语境和常识。 5．句意：他面前有好几个小时的工作要做，他成了村子里最不开心的男孩。 第一段“Saturday was a beautiful day... It was a day for everybody to be happy”表明本该是玩乐的好日子，汤姆却要干活，因此是最不开心的。unhappiest意为“最不开心的”，符合语境。 6．句意：十分钟后，汤姆想到了一个主意，一个绝妙的主意。 后文提到汤姆成功让同伴主动帮自己刷栅栏，说明这个主意十分巧妙。wonderful意为“绝妙的，很棒的”，符合语境。 7．句意：汤姆什么也没说。 前文“He saw his friend Joe happy in the street, but he didn’t look at him.”提到汤姆看到朋友Joe在街上却没有看他，他正刻意营造出专注刷漆的状态，没有开口搭话。nothing意为“什么都没有”，符合语境。 8．句意：油漆刷上下移动着。 刷漆时刷子常规的动作轨迹是上下往复。up and down意为“上上下下”，符合常识。 9．句意：也许是工作，也许不是。但我喜欢它。 后文“I can go to the river any day. I can’t paint a fence very often”表明汤姆刻意表现出刷栅栏是难得的、自己很喜爱的事。like意为“喜欢”，符合语境。 10．句意：然后汤姆非常慢且仔细地刷着漆。 后文“He often stopped, moved back from the fence and looked at his work with a smile”表明汤姆刻意放慢刷漆的节奏，装出享受的样子。slowly意为“缓慢地”，符合语境。 11．句意：汤姆刷漆的时候似乎很享受其中。 enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“自得其乐”，此处主语是Tom，对应反身代词himself“他自己”，符合语法。 12．句意：Joe开始变得非常感兴趣，也想要刷漆。 “wanted to paint”表明Joe变得对刷栅栏感兴趣了。interested意为“感兴趣的”，用来修饰人，符合语境和用法。 13．句意：那天他第一次成了一个非常开心的男孩。 前文提到之前汤姆一直因为要刷栅栏闷闷不乐，直到把刷子交给Joe，自己不用干活了才第一次感到开心。first意为“第一的”，符合语境。 14．句意：更多的朋友过来嘲笑汤姆，但很快他们也都想要刷漆了。 根据“More friends came to...Tom, but soon they all wanted to paint too.”前后两句的转折关系可知，一开始朋友们看到汤姆在本该玩乐的日子干活，会过来打趣嘲笑他。laugh at意为“嘲笑”，符合语境和逻辑。 15．句意：汤姆·索亚终于可以出去玩了。 前文提到汤姆原本想去河边玩耍，栅栏全部刷完后他自然可以外出玩乐。play意为“玩耍”，符合语境。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题01 完形填空 期中考满分冲刺（南通专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “完形填空”属于“语言知识运用”板块，考的不是孤立的单词记忆，而是在语篇中综合运用词汇与语法的能力：每小题给出四个选项，它们往往词性相同、语法都讲得通，只有唯一一个与上下文语境吻合。能不能读懂“这一句为什么接上一句”，是这道题的分水岭。 南通期中卷的完形填空多选记叙文与说明文，语篇长度适中但设空密度高（每篇 15 空），要求考生在 6—8 分钟内完成“读通全文—逐空定夺—代回复查”三步，因此“先抓主线、再抠细节”的答题节奏比逐词翻译更有效。 二、命题形式与题量 形式为“短文 + 设空”：每篇短文设 15 个空，每空 A、B、C、D 四个选项；本次特训共 8 篇、120 题，正文词数在 190—329 词之间，按由短到长的顺序梯度排布，便于先建立手感、再攻长难语篇。 每篇的首句通常不设空，用来交代话题、人物、时间与基调，是判断全文走向的关键位置；设空位置从句中扩展到句首与段首（如段标题设空），对“句子在段落中的功能”提出了更高要求。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 120 题梳理） 逐题梳理本次特训的 120 道题，考点分布如下（合计 120 题）： （1）名词辨析（23 题，约占 19%）：靠原词复现、场景暗示与固定搭配定名词，如 Passage 1 题 3 的 make a difference、Passage 7 题 15 的 instructions（模型说明书）、Passage 4 题 6 的 method（清洁身体的方法）。 （2）动词辨析（21 题，约占 18%）：实义动词近义辨析占多数，如 Passage 2 题 8 的 entered（进入大学）、Passage 5 题 15 的 fix（改正错误）、Passage 8 题 15 的 play（外出玩耍）；也有 lend a hand、make sb. do sth. 这类搭配型动词。 （3）形容词辨析（22 题，约占 18%）：集中在评价与情感色彩，如 Passage 2 题 5 的 smooth（顺利的）、Passage 3 题 3 的 peaceful（平静的）、Passage 8 题 12 的 interested（感兴趣的）；-ed / -ing 形容词的区分也在此列。 （4）副词与比较等级（15 题，约占 13%）：quickly / slowly / even 一类副词，以及 much、even 后面的比较级与 one of the + 最高级结构，如 Passage 3 题 2 的 closer、Passage 5 题 14 的 smartest、Passage 4 题 15 的 the most important。 （5）代词与限定词（10 题，约占 8%）：不定代词（nothing / everything / nobody）、反身代词（himself / myself）与名词性物主代词（theirs）为主，如 Passage 6 题 13 的 nothing、Passage 8 题 11 的 himself。 （6）连词、疑问词与句间逻辑（10 题，约占 8%）：so / but / when 一类连词、however / once / until 一类逻辑词，以及段标题里的疑问词，如 Passage 4 题 7 的 However、Passage 4 题 10 的 How。 （7）固定搭配与语法形式（19 题，约占 16%）：短语动词（give up / laugh at / looked around）、介词短语（such as / instead of / filled with / date from）、非谓语（use sth. to do、be ready to do）与语序（hard enough）都归入此类，是拉开分差的一块。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等偏上：实词（名词、动词、形容词）合计 66 题，超过半数，是得分主战场；虚词与语法形式类设空虽少，却常因“看不出搭配”而失分。近年南通期中卷的趋势是弱化纯语法辨析，强化“语境复现 + 固定搭配 + 段落功能”——四个选项词义相近，必须靠上下文的原词复现、褒贬色彩和搭配习惯才能定夺。 另一个明显变化是语篇类型更杂：人物成长（王虹、Lisa、Lila）、名著节选（汤姆·索亚刷栅栏）、科普说明（肥皂的历史与制法）、议论说理（朋友的意义）都可能出现，考生需要快速判断“这是记叙还是说明”，因为记叙文重情节与情感、说明文重顺序与因果，两者的解题线索完全不同。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读首句和首段，抓主线。第一个空之前通常有一到两句完整的话，那里藏着全文的“底色”——是写人还是写事、是过去时还是现在时、语气是褒还是贬。 第二步：看空格前后，先定词性。缺主语或宾语，优先找名词；缺谓语，找动词；修饰名词，找形容词；修饰动词或形容词，找副词；句子之间，找连词。词性一定，四个选项通常能立刻排除两个。 第三步：四项比对，抓“搭配 + 语境 + 色彩”。固定搭配（make a difference、lend a hand、give up）优先于词义；没有搭配可依时，看上下文的原词复现、同义替换与褒贬色彩。 第四步：代回通读，检查逻辑与语法。把选定的词放回原句读一遍，重点看时态是否一致、单复数是否吻合、前后分句的逻辑是否连得上；段标题与段首设的空，还要回头确认它能不能“管住”整段。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词辨析（固定搭配 make a difference）——以Passage 1 题 3 为例：上文说很多事无法选择，但“who our friends are”这一点可以自己决定；紧接着 “Having friends makes a 3 .” 后文又从两方面讲朋友带来的改变，make a difference（有影响、起作用）是固定搭配，故选 A（difference）。提示：名词空先看能否与前面的动词合成固定短语，plan / life / prize 都无法与 make a 搭配出“有影响”之意。 【点拨2】动词辨析（固定搭配 lend a hand）——以Passage 1 题 7 为例：上文指出 “When we are in need” 时朋友总会帮忙，设空句 “friends can always 7 a hand” 中的 lend a hand 意为“伸出援手”，故选 A（lend）；fight / borrow / wash 与 a hand 都搭不出“帮忙”之意。提示：borrow 是“借入”、lend 是“借出”，遇到“动词 + a + 名词”的结构，先想过不过得去固定短语这一关。 【点拨3】形容词辨析（转折定褒贬）——以Passage 2 题 5 为例：原文 “Some people think talent makes life easy.” 用 But 一转，说明王虹的路并不像人们想的那样平坦：“But Wang’s path was not 5 ” 后面的 “her grades were not good at first” 正说明她起步并不顺利，故选 C（smooth）。提示：形容词空先看转折词，再找后文的事实支撑；soft / comfortable 与“路”搭配不出“顺利”之意。 【点拨4】副词与比较等级（much 后接比较级）——以Passage 3 题 2 为例：原文 “the first step is to experience it on your own” 之前要求“feel much 2 to the earth”，much 只能修饰比较级，故排除 close（原级）与 closely（副词），closest 与 much 连用不合逻辑，选 A（closer）。提示：看到 much / even / a little / far，先想比较级；看到 one of the，先想最高级。 【点拨5】代词与限定词（指代一致）——以Passage 1 题 5 为例：原文 “First, they make our lives more interesting.” 讲朋友带来的好处，接着 “Friends enrich our lives and we enrich 5 too.” 说的是双向关系：朋友丰富我们的生活，我们也丰富“他们的（生活）”，此处指代前面的 friends，用名词性物主代词 theirs，选 C。提示：先找空格指代的对象，再看单复数与人称；yours / hers / his 都无法与 friends 对应。 【点拨6】连词与句间逻辑（转折）——以Passage 4 题 7 为例：上文说希腊医生 Galen 记录了用肥皂清洁身体的方法，下文却说 “bathing with soap was still not common”，前后语义相反，且空后紧跟逗号，故选 D（However）。提示：however 后一般跟逗号、but 后不跟逗号的差别要记牢；Moreover / Instead / Otherwise 与“写了方法→并不普遍”这层转折都不合。 【点拨7】疑问词（段标题的功能）——以Passage 4 题 10 为例：第四段先交代 “take some alkali and mix it with fat or oil”，再把整个流程收在一个小标题里：“ 10 to make soap”——下面依次是取碱、混合、入模、切块、等待变硬，回答的是“怎么做”，故选 D（How）。提示：段标题设空要看该段回答的是“是什么、为什么”还是“怎么做”，标题的疑问词必须与段落的展开方式一致。 【点拨8】非谓语动词（use sth. to do sth.）——以Passage 4 题 4 为例：原文 “people in Mesopotamia used it” 之后的空要求填目的状语：“ 4 the wool”，use sth. to do sth. 的结构决定了只能选 B（to clean）；clean / cleaning / cleaned 都不符合该结构。提示：见到 used / ready / able / difficult 一类词，空格在后面的动词多半要用 to do 或 -ing，按固定结构选，不要凭语感。 【点拨9】短语动词（语境定方向）——以Passage 2 题 7 为例：原文说她的成绩起初并不好，但后文 “She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students” 说明她坚持了下来，因此 “But she didn’t 7 .” 只能填 give up（放弃），选 D。提示：give back / give out / give away 分别是“归还、分发、赠送”，四个选项同为 give 短语时，先分清各自方向，再由语境定夺。 三、易错提醒 • 四个选项词性不同时，先定词性再比词义——词性定错，怎么读都选不对。 • 空格所在句读不懂，就往前找一句：完形的答案多半藏在上一句的原因、结果或对比里。 • 固定搭配优先于“感觉”：make a difference / lend a hand / give up / instead of 这类短语，认得出就不必逐词翻译。 • 段首、段标题设的空要“管得住整段”，选完必须回看该段其余句子是否都在支撑这个词。 • 选完必须代回原句读一遍，重点查时态、单复数与前后分句的逻辑是否连得上。 Passage 1 In our lives we find that we can’t choose many things. And this may make our lives 1 and more stressful (有压力的). But we can 2 one thing—who our friends are. Having friends makes a 3 . First, they make our lives more interesting. When we are happy, we can share 4 with them. Friends enrich (丰富) our lives and we enrich 5 too. Second, friends help us go through the 6 times. When we are in need, friends can always 7 a hand. And that can make hard things in our lives 8 much easier. So where do we find friends? This might sound an easy 9 but finding friends is not an easy thing. If we want to find friends 10 , try to join in activities we enjoy. This way we can easily 11 people with similar interests. And once we’re there, we can try asking for their contact 12 . We are shy at first, 13 the result may be a big surprise for us. Besides, we must put time, energy and love into friendships. It’s 14 to learn how to keep friendships. True friendships can 15 our hearts and give us hope. Remember it’s never too late to make friends. 1．A．better B．richer C．harder D．quicker 2．A．turn B．decide C．protect D．believe 3．A．difference B．plan C．life D．prize 4．A．pleasure B．change C．advice D．work 5．A．yours B．hers C．theirs D．his 6．A．happy B．difficult C．exciting D．healthy 7．A．lend B．fight C．borrow D．wash 8．A．seem B．taste C．drink D．smell 9．A．story B．text C．question D．lesson 10．A．probably B．freshly C．quickly D．actually 11．A．meet B．leave C．save D．draw 12．A．word B．information C．news D．language 13．A．and B．or C．but D．if 14．A．common B．magical C．important D．tiring 15．A．pack (包装) B．hunt C．touch D．pull Passage 2 This year is special for China’s world of math. It’s all because of one 1 woman—Wang Hong. Wang was born in 1991 in Guilin. Her parents were 2 middle school teachers. She showed an 3 talent for math at an early age. When she was just five years old, she already 4 first-grade math and went straight to second grade. Some people think talent makes life easy. But Wang’s path was not 5 In middle school, her grades were not good at 6 —she was not in the top 100. But she didn’t 7 . She worked very hard, and later became one of the top ten students in her grade. At the age of sixteen, she 8 Peking University (北京大学) and learned more about math. In 2011, Wang went to France to study. “I felt a little 9 at that time,” the girl said. “I gave up on math and studied architecture for six months. Then I remembered 10 hard I had learned math before. I only doubted (怀疑) 11 because my classmates were all very smart.” Wang became 12 again and returned to math. She studied even 13 and got her PhD (博士学位) at MIT (美国麻省理工学院). This past February, Wang did something really 14 . She solved a century-old math problem—the Kakeya conjecture (三维挂谷猜想). Mathematicians (数学家) all over the world were so 15 and excited! Now, Wang is a professor (教授) at two great universities. With talent, hard work, and passion, Wang Hong is living a future even bigger than her dreams. 1．A．honest B．great C．patient D．brave 2．A．all B．each C．every D．both 3．A．unusual B．unkind C．unhappy D．unlucky 4．A．did B．searched C．provided D．finished 5．A．soft B．comfortable C．smooth D．single 6．A．second B．first C．third D．fifth 7．A．give back B．give out C．give away D．give up 8．A．walked B．left C．entered D．flew 9．A．lost B．happy C．active D．bored 10．A．which B．how C．when D．what 11．A．herself B．himself C．itself D．myself 12．A．crazy B．trustworthy C．confident D．cheerful 13．A．harder B．longer C．shorter D．kinder 14．A．boring B．developing C．relaxing D．amazing 15．A．patient B．surprised C．funny D．scared Passage 3 If you look at nature, and see just trees and grass, do you 1 what unbelievable things you are missing? Go outside. If you want to feel much 2 to the earth, the first step is to experience it on your own. Choose a place that you think that you could completely 3 . A place away from noisy cities is the best. One of the key things is that it must be calm and 4 . Any natural setting will do, 5 a forest and a mountain. Sit down on a rock, some dry leaves, or 6 on the ground. Really take in the sounds and the feel of everything around you. You always focus on “the big picture”, 7 , we should also notice the little details of things. Pay attention 8 the things lower on the ground. Do something 9 , like fishing. You will be amazed at how relaxing it is to just sit back and enjoy the natural 10 of the woods and birds. Go on a hike. Walking is great exercise and the pace of it will 11 you see and hear the little things. Don’t let time or distance (距离) 12 you. There are hikes of all lengths and difficulties. Go camping or backpacking. Don’t 13 to look at the stars. Often, they will look 14 when you are away from the light and smog of cities. Doing these kinds of things will bring about a 15 to enjoy nature, and make you notice how beautiful it is, and that we are creatures of this earth, too. 1．A．believe B．notice C．reach D．develop 2．A．closer B．close C．closely D．closest 3．A．see B．enjoy C．fight D．find 4．A．quite B．quiet C．poor D．tidy 5．A．for example B．such like C．such as D．as 6．A．just B．almost C．mostly D．most 7．A．however B．still C．but D．anyway 8．A．on B．at C．in D．to 9．A．possible B．important C．normal D．peaceful 10．A．photos B．sounds C．kinds D．colors 11．A．suggest B．advise C．get D．make 12．A．scare B．surprise C．support D．please 13．A．decide B．forget C．try D．stop 14．A．lighter B．heavier C．smaller D．brighter 15．A．chance B．danger C．thought D．result Passage 4 We use it every day. At your local supermarket, you can see shelves are 1 the stuff. It’s soap. But how did people start using soap and how is it made? The origin of soap The word “soap” comes from the Celtic word “saipo”, which means “fat”, the material that soap is made 2 . The oldest soap can 3 from 3,000 BC． At that time, people in Mesopotamia used it 4 the wool. Over the following centuries, soap continued to be used to clean 5 but the human body. Using soap to bathe In the second century, a Greek doctor named Galen wrote about the 6 of using soap to clean the body. 7 , bathing with soap was still not common. It wasn’t 8 the seventeenth century that soap was used for bathing in Europe. But only the wealthy could afford it. In the nineteenth century, the soap became available to most people. For this 9 , cleanliness standards improved in many places. 10 to make soap Soap has been so common throughout history because it isn’t hard to make. To make it, take some alkali(碱) and mix it with fat or oil. 11 everything is mixed, leave the soap in a mould until it becomes hard. After 24 hours, it’s ready 12 into pieces. But you need to be 13 . That’s because the soap still needs around two to three weeks to become 14 before you can use it. Easy to make, soap has helped humans stay clean all the way to the modern age. You could even say it’s one of 15 inventions in human history. 1．A．filled of B．fulled of C．filled with D．full with 2．A．of B．from C．in D．by 3．A．return B．invent C．fall D．date 4．A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 5．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 6．A．course B．method C．speech D．sentence 7．A．Moreover B．Instead C．Otherwise D．However 8．A．until B．against C．after D．before 9．A．suggestion B．tool C．reason D．object 10．A．When B．Who C．What D．How 11．A．Unless B．Since C．As D．Once 12．A．cut B．cuts C．to cut D．cutting 13．A．perfect B．patient C．polite D．possible 14．A．hard enough B．soft enough C．enough hard D．enough soft 15．A．important B．more important C．the most important D．the least important Passage 5 What if the best learner in class never takes notes with a pen? When I first saw Lila in our school last term, I felt she was quite 1 —she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons. 2 we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly, 3 on the blackboard. One day, our math teacher gave a surprise 4 . Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished 5 . When the teacher showed her paper with full marks to all of us, someone finally asked, “How do you remember everything without 6 ?” Lila smiled and played a short recording. It was the 7 voice explaining key points. “I don’t write every word,” she said. “I record the parts I might 8 , then listen to them while walking home. Writing down too much makes me 9 the teacher’s explanations.” We soon noticed more about her. After class, she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions 10 rushing to play. When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the 11 clearly, not just the correct answers. What impressed (给……留下印象) me most was her willingness to help others. Once, she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she 12 made simple cards for him. Now 13 thinks Lila is strange. She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the 14 . It means listening carefully, asking questions bravely, and never being afraid to 15 mistakes. True learning, as Lila shows us, is a journey of understanding, not just recording. 1．A．strange B．thoughtful C．curious D．energetic 2．A．Before B．When C．Until D．Once 3．A．ears B．nose C．eyes D．mouth 4．A．speech B．prize C．journey D．test 5．A．cheerfully B．quickly C．possibly D．secretly 6．A．writing B．remembering C．understanding D．asking 7．A．parent’s B．uncle’s C．teacher’s D．student’s 8．A．translate B．pronounce C．repeat D．forget 9．A．predict B．believe C．miss D．improve 10．A．because of B．instead of C．free of D．full of 11．A．importance B．grammar C．feelings D．reasons 12．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 13．A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 14．A．safest B．least C．smartest D．luckiest 15．A．encourage B．fix C．invent D．develop Passage 6 阅读以下语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There was once a boy called Jack who loved to make a lot of friends. He was always proud that he had so many friends at school. One day his grandfather said to him, “Jack, you spend much time making friends but are you sure the friends you are 1 of are your true friends? I am afraid that some of them are nothing more than classmates.” However, Jack didn’t 2 it, “We always play happily together.” “Wait a minute,” the old man left, and soon returned as if carrying something in his hands, but Jack could see nothing there. “Take the 3 chair. It’s rather hard to sit on it because you can’t see it. But if you take it to school and 4 sit on it, you’ll activate (激活) its magic. Then you will be able to tell 5 your real friends are.” Jack wanted to know whether it was true or not, 6 he took it to school. At break time, he asked his classmates to make a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Nobody moves, or you 7 see anything amazing.” Having difficulty 8 the chair, Jack tried to sit on it and fell straight onto his backside. It seemed that everyone around 9 had a pretty good laugh. “Wait! Let me try again.” Jack said. But he missed the 10 again. At the same time, what he heard were just their catcalls. Jack didn’t stop trying. But he kept falling onto the floor…until, suddenly, he was in mid-air…Jack 11 and saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends 12 him up. At the same time, many others he had thought as friends had done 13 but make fun of him and enjoy his every fall. Jack 14 that true friends were those who care for him, but not just those who happened to be passing by. And the one who laughed at you was not a 15 friend. 1．A．tired B．careful C．proud D．afraid 2．A．repeat B．believe C．hope D．explain 3．A．special B．valuable C．beautiful D．important 4．A．politely B．usually C．successfully D．certainly 5．A．who B．where C．why D．whether 6．A．but B．because C．so D．though 7．A．won’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 8．A．moving B．seeing C．making D．showing 9．A．him B．her C．me D．us 10．A．circle B．laugh C．chair D．truth 11．A．looked after B．looked up C．looked at D．looked around 12．A．cheering B．holding C．picking D．waking 13．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 14．A．encouraged B．expected C．understood D．suggested 15．A．close B．true C．bad D．nice Passage 7 Lisa used to struggle with English—she forgot new words easily and feared speaking. Her teacher told her, “Being a good 1 needs hard work, not just talent.” This made Lisa decide to change. She bought a notebook to write down words and reviewed them 2 a day: once in the morning and once at night. To remember better, she used words in simple 3 , like “I will return your book tomorrow.” She even asked her dad for 4 advice, and he helped her correct mistakes. Later, Lisa started reading English stories 5 . At first, she read slowly and looked up many words, but she didn’t stop. She also joined an English club to practice 6 . At first, she was shy, but her classmates encouraged her. Soon, she could talk about DIY projects—like how to make a paper rose—in English. Everyone said her sharing was 7 . Last month, there was an “English & DIY” competition. Lisa planned to make a greeting card for her mom. She prepared colored paper, 8 , glue and paint. She folded the paper, drew a rose, and used paint to color it. When the glue wasn’t strong enough, she added a little 9 . She also checked the 10 of every word in her English message to avoid errors. At the competition, Lisa introduced her card confidently. She won third prize! Her teacher 11 her, saying, “Your English and DIY skills are great!” Lisa realized both learning and DIY need 12 —you can’t succeed fast. Now, she reads English aloud daily and does small DIY projects on weekends. She helps her deskmate with English too, telling him, “ 13 mistakes and keep trying.” Lisa’s mom put the card on a shelf. Guests always praise it, and Lisa feels proud. She often says, “Never 14 if you want to succeed.” Now, she wants to make a model plane and introduce it in English at the school fair. She’s already bought materials and is reading the 15 carefully. She knows it’s a challenge, but she’s ready. 1．A．learner B．student C．reader D．speaker 2．A．once B．twice C．three times D．four times 3．A．sentences B．words C．passages D．stories 4．A．useful B．useless C．boring D．interesting 5．A．quietly B．aloud C．slowly D．quickly 6．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 7．A．bad B．terrible C．great D．boring 8．A．tape B．colored pens C．ink D．cloth 9．A．more glue B．more paper C．more tape D．more paint 10．A．spelling B．meaning C．pronunciation D．grammar 11．A．praised B．thanked C．helped D．taught 12．A．talent B．luck C．hard work D．time 13．A．Face B．Avoid C．Forget D．Leave 14．A．give up B．look up C．wake up D．grow up 15．A．news B．instructions C．stories D．messages Passage 8 Saturday was a beautiful day. It was summer and the sun was hot and there were flowers in all the gardens. It was a day for everybody to be happy. Tom Sawyer came out of his house with a brush and a big pot (桶) of 1 paint in his hand. His aunt asked him to paint the fence (栅栏). He looked at the fence. It was three metres high and thirty metres 2 . He put his brush in the paint and painted 3 of the fence. He did it again. Then he stopped and looked at the fence, put down his brush and sat down. There were 4 of work in front of him and he was the 5 boy in the village (村庄). After ten minutes, Tom had an idea, a 6 idea. He took up the brush again and began to work. He saw his friend Joe happy in the street, but he didn’t look at him. Joe came up to Tom and looked at the fence. “I am sorry, Tom.” Tom said 7 . The paint brush moved 8 . “Working for your aunt?” said Joe. “I am going down to the river. I am sorry you can’t come with me.” Tom put down his brush. “You call this work?” he said. “Painting a fence?” said Joe. “Of course it’s work!” “Perhaps it is and perhaps it isn’t. But I 9 it. I can go to the river any day. I can’t paint a fence very often.” Then Tom painted very 10 and carefully. He often stopped, moved back from the fence and looked at his work with a smile. Tom seemed to enjoy 11 while painting. Joe began to get very 12 , and wanted to paint. Tom gave him the brush. For the 13 time that day he was a very happy boy. More friends came to 14 Tom, but soon they all wanted to paint too. By the afternoon, the fence—all thirty metres of it—was a beautiful white. Tom Sawyer could go out to 15 finally. 1．A．black B．blue C．red D．white 2．A．wide B．long C．tall D．short 3．A．some B．much C．most D．any 4．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days 5．A．cutest B．happiest C．unhappiest D．worst 6．A．careful B．cheerful C．meaningful D．wonderful 7．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 8．A．here and there B．up and down C．right and left D．day and night 9．A．like B．hate C．finish D．choose 10．A．quickly B．easily C．exactly D．slowly 11．A．herself B．themselves C．himself D．itself 12．A．interested B．interesting C．amazing D．amazed 13．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 14．A．look at B．laugh at C．look for D．fight with 15．A．work B．play C．fly D．paint 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $