Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇、短语、句型及语法知识，系统梳理基础词汇（如shade, wage）与拓展词汇（如architect-architecture-architectural派生词），衔接重点短语（如rather than, pick up多义用法）、教材核心句型（动名词作主语、疑问词+不定式等）及动词-ing与过去分词作表语的语法对比，通过即学活用练习构建“词汇拓展-句型解析-语法应用-语篇训练”的递进式学习支架。 资料以“讲练结合”为特色，通过词汇辨析（如shade与shadow用法对比）、句型转换（rather than句型多维度练习）提升语言能力，依托语法对比归纳（动词-ing与过去分词作表语区别）培养思维品质。课中教师可利用分层练习（单句语法填空、完成句子）增强互动，课后学生借助词汇表、语法总结及阅读完形习题自主回顾，有效查漏补缺，强化知识内化。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．shade n．阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 2．wage vt.开始，发动 n．(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 3．campaign n．(宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt.&vi.发起运动，参加活动 4．toast n．吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为……干杯；烤；取暖 5．garlic n．蒜，大蒜 6．mushroom n．蘑菇 7．raw adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 拓展词汇 8．bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→bath n．洗澡；沐浴 9．architecture n．建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→architect n．建筑师→architectural adj.建筑学的；建筑方面的→architecturally adv.关于建筑地；建筑上地；建筑上 10．arrange vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n．安排；筹备 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be amazed to do sth做某事感到惊讶 2．be interested in对……感兴趣 3．be determined to do sth决心做某事 4．on show在展出，展览 5．rather than与其；不愿；而不是 6．pick up拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转 7．learn about了解，得知 8．be known for因……而著名 9．play an important role in在……中起重要作用，在……中扮演重要角色 10．a variety of各种各样的 11．for example例如 12．be used to do sth被用来做某事 13．live on继续存在；继续生存；靠……生活；以……为生；(人)以……为食 14．stick...to...把……粘贴到…… 15．be supposed to do sth应该做某事 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Looking at artworks through smartphones，I thought，was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers. 我想，通过智能手机看艺术品，就像是试图欣赏乡村，却听不到鸟儿的歌唱，感觉不到微风拂面，闻不到花香。 2．Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media. 如今，博物馆中智能手机的使用率持续上升，艺术专家关心的是如何让人们真正欣赏艺术品，而不是简单地拍照或录制视频发布在社交媒体上。 3．This type of writing is supposed to include enough details so that readers can follow easily. 这种类型的写作应该包含足够的细节，以便读者可以很容易地理解。 4．Start with a brief introduction explaining what kind of unusual picture will be created. 从一个解释将创造出何种不同寻常的画面的简短介绍开始。 5．List the things needed to make the picture. 列出制作这幅画所需要的东西。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[核心词汇·练透] shade n．阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 (1)in the shade of　在(……的)阴凉处 (2)shade vt. 遮住光线 shade...from/against... 为……挡住…… [经典佳句]　Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树阴下等着，这时黑猩猩一家醒了，准备离开。 She used an umbrella to shade herself from the sunshine.她用伞遮住她上方的阳光。 [佳句背诵] He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. 他经过乳白色的瀑布和深蓝的山脉。 [易混辨析] shadow，shade shadow 常指光线被物体挡住所产生的阴影、影子，有明显的轮廓 shade 指阳光被遮挡后出现的阴凉处，如树阴等，无一定的轮廓或边界(任何遮住阳光的地方) [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①She was sitting in the shade of a big olive tree，and enjoyed a good time. ②The trees shade us from/against the summer hot sun. 选词填空：shadow；shade ③As the sun set，the shadow became longer.Let's find some shade and take a rest. rather than与其；不愿；而不是 (1) (2)other than　　　　　　不同于；除了……外 or rather 更确切地说 more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 [经典佳句]　They said the director，rather than the clerks，was responsible for the incident. 他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。 I met him very late on Friday night，or rather early on Saturday morning. 我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。 [佳句背诵] Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better，why not offer yourself a compassionate response? 与其纠结于你本可以做得更好，为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢？ [名师点津] (1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to；但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式，或者是动词­ing形式。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Rather than refuse/refusing(refuse) to help you，I would borrow money from my friends. ②The children preferred to cycle(cycle) to the countryside rather than stay(stay) indoors all the day. ③Mary，rather than you，is(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. 句型转换 ④After all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded. →After all，all kids would be praised rather than be scolded. →After all，all kids would rather be praised than be scolded. →After all，all kids prefer being praised to being scolded. arrange vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 (1)arrange sth for sb　为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth 安排做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 (2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make arrangements for 为……安排 [经典佳句]　Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 五个或以上的小组需要特殊安排，必须事先确认。 I have arranged for Tom to pick up the experts at the airport. 我已安排汤姆开车去机场接专家们。 Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 大多数博物馆还欢迎学校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①David arranged for someone to drive(drive) him home. ②Have you arranged to meet(meet) Mark this weekend? ③Now she is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement(arrange)． 完成句子 ④圣诞节临近，我们已经为假期做了安排。 With Christmas drawing near，we have already made arrangements for our vacation. [重点句型·通关] (教材P34)Looking at artworks through smartphones，I thought，was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers. 我想，通过智能手机看艺术品，就像是试图欣赏乡村，却听不到鸟儿的歌唱，感觉不到微风拂面，闻不到花香。 Looking at artworks through smartphones是动名词短语，在句中作主语。 动词­ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动词­ing形式作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless ...doing ...等中。 [经典佳句]　In my view，practicing handwriting is very important to the students' growth. 我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。 It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. 试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。 [佳句背诵] But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. 但我认为，虽然金钱确实是美好和必要的，可是重读一位作者的作品是读者能给予他们的最高回馈。 [名师点津] 不定式、动词­ing形式都可作主语，但动词­ing形式作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Preparing(prepare) others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ②Being surrounded(surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. ③It's a waste of time arguing(argue) about it at the present time. 完成句子 ④不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is useless/no use complaining without taking action. (教材P35)Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media. 如今，博物馆中智能手机的使用率持续上升，艺术专家关心的是如何让人们真正欣赏艺术品，而不是简单地拍照或录制视频发布在社交媒体上。 how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media属于“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。 whether，what，which，whom，who，where，when，how等加不定式构成的结构在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、表语和宾语。 [经典佳句]　In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判中法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。 Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say. 看到舞台下有那么多的观众，他紧张得不知道说什么。 [佳句背诵] I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. 我学到了很多关于如何延长物体的寿命，并将它们转化成新的有用的东西。 [名师点津] (1)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略疑问句中，其后可跟不带to的不定式。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①没有人能告诉我在哪儿能买到这本有趣的书。 No one could tell me where to buy the interesting book. ②他们总是告诉我该做什么以及怎么做。 They always told me what to do and how to do it. 句型转换 ③The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble. →The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble. (教材P38)This type of writing is supposed to include enough details so that readers can follow easily. 这种类型的写作应该包含足够的细节，以便读者可以很容易地理解。 句中so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”。 (1)so that可以引导的目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”，从句中常用情态动词。引导目的状语从句的从属连词还有：in order that，for fear that，in case (that)等。 (2)so that还可引导结果状语从句。引导结果状语从句的从属连词还有：so...that...，such...that...等。 He didn't plan his time well，so that he didn't finish his work on time.他没有把时间计划好，所以没有按时完成他的工作。 When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him. 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 [佳句背诵] Then I can spare some time to learn it again，so that we can practice together every day.然后我会抽出时间再次学习(功夫)，这样我们每天就能在一起练习。 [即学活用] 句型转换 ①We need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animal.In that case，we can take better care of them. →We need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animal so that we can take better care of them. 完成句子 ②她给了我们太多的信息，结果每个人都被弄糊涂了。 She gave us too much information，so that everyone got confused. 动词­ing形式和过去分词作表语 一、 动词­ing形式作表语 1．动词­ing形式作表语，有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等，这时通常可以看作是形容词，不可与主语的位置调换。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 The story she told us was very interesting. 她给我们讲的故事很有趣。 2．动词­ing作表语可表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，此时表语和主语常可互换位置。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 (＝Collecting stamps is my hobby.集邮是我的爱好。) Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. 在月球的远端着陆是非常具有挑战性的。 [名师点津] 作表语用的动词­ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing(这类分词表示“令人……的”的含义)。 [对点集训1] 单句语法填空 ①I am really enjoying(enjoy) myself at the moment. ②Their job is making(make) wheelchairs for disabled people. ③The snake looked quite frightening(frighten) and the lady let out a scream at the sight of it. 二、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 常见的作表语的过去分词有： amused愉快的　connected连接的 broken碎了的 closed关闭的 completed完成的 astonished吃惊的 covered覆盖的 crowded拥挤的 delighted高兴的 disappointed失望的 discouraged泄气的 dressed穿着的 drunk喝醉的 experienced有经验的 gone遗失的 lost丢失的 worried担忧的 interested感兴趣的 tired疲劳的 pleased高兴的 satisfied满意的 surprised吃惊的 married已婚的 known著名的 confused困惑的 embarrassed尴尬的 He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得忧虑。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。 Emoji can help communication feel friendlier，and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 表情符号有助于交流让人感觉更友好，即使是严肃的音符也可以用鼓励的微笑来软化。 For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说，声音技术的领域无疑是制造噪音。 [名师点津] 很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： exciting令人激动的，excited激动的，兴奋的；astonishing令人惊讶的，astonished惊讶的；delighting令人高兴的，delighted高兴的；disappointing令人失望的，disappointed感到失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的，encouraged受到鼓舞的；frightening令人害怕的，frightened吓坏了的；interesting令人感兴趣的， interested感兴趣的；moving感人的；moved受感动的；pleasing令人高兴的，pleased满意的；shocking令人震惊的，shocked感到震惊的；tiring令人劳累的，tired感到劳累的；worrying令人担心的，worried感到担心的；satisfying令人满意的，satisfied感到满意的；puzzling令人迷惑的，puzzled感到迷惑的。 [对点集训2] 单句语法填空 ①The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.(frighten) ②The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite) ③We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage) ④The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move) 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 “be＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。 The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态) 这本书写得很好。 The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作) 这本书是一位战士写的。 [对点集训3] 翻译句子 ①The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。 ②The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打碎的。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Climbing mountains was tiring，so we all felt tired.(tire) 2．We looked at each other in silence，each equally shocked(shock)． 3．The story they heard over the radio was very moving(move)． 4．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)． 5．People want to listen to someone who is interesting(interest)，relaxed(relax) and comfortable. 6．The most important thing now is finding(find) a place to live in. 7．What he prefers to do in the morning is running(run)． 8．We got a little sunburnt(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing(relax) that we didn't mind. 9．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect)． 10．If you get lost(lose) in a strange place，you'd better not move and wait for help there. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他依然站在桌旁。 He remained standing beside the table. 2．我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨户送牛奶。 My job is delivering milk from door to door every morning. 3．你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ Why do you always look tired? 4．我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better. 5．我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。 So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try wearing them. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We sat in the shade and ate our lunch on sunny days. 2．Tom rather than his sisters is(be) leaving next week. 3．In addition to these arrangements(arrange)，extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 4．In conclusion，I like everything in spring，especially the feelings bathed(bathe) in the rain and sunshine. 5．His main task is selling(sell) smart blackboard at the moment. 6．In my opinion，the ending of the movie is boring(bore)． 7．The match looked very competitive but the result was disappointing(disappoint)． 8．The argument is very convincing(convince)． 9．If you are interested(interest) in it，let me know and I'll send you more information. 10．We feel honoured(honour) to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．每天步行去上班不仅能增强你的体质，而且能帮你省钱。 Going to work on foot can not only build up your body but also help you save money. 2．我听说你渴望得到一些关于如何交友的建议。 I heard you are dying for some advice on how to make friends. 3．他把收音机的音量调大，以便每个人都能听到新闻。 He turned up the radio so that/in order that everyone could hear the news. 4．这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。 The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news. 5．这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。 We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity.We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances，art exhibitions and art­making activities.The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab.Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors，1880—1990：Into the Light. Spineless Artists：Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons，invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance，inspire fashion and create art，while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy，Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel.Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom­Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom­poms and tassels out of thread，or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织)． [语篇解读]　这是一篇应用文。ARTS FIRST 艺术节将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。ARTS FIRST艺术节能提供娱乐活动。 1．What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B．It offers art courses for all ages. C．It presents recreational activities. D．It is a major tourist attraction. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances，art exhibitions and art­making activities.”可知，ARTS FIRST 艺术节将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。由此可知，ARTS FIRST艺术节能提供娱乐活动，故选C。 答案　C 2．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A．Light Awash in Watercolor. B．Spineless Artists：Invertebrate Creativity. C．Wheel Throwing. D．Knitting and Pom­Pom Making. 解析　细节理解题。根据Light Awash in Watercolor 部分中的“Learn about ... of watercolor paint”和“Try your hand at some of the painting tricks”可知，在 Light Awash in Watercolor项目中可以了解水彩颜料的原料和特点以及尝试绘画技巧。如果你对绘画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A。 答案　A 3．What can you do together with Javier Marin? A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts. C．Visit a local museum. D．Feed invertebrates. 解析　细节理解题。根据Spineless Artists：Invertebrate Creativity 部分中的“Join Javier Marin ...while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.”可知，人们可以和Javier Marin 一起用手工艺材料制作自己的“无脊椎艺术家”。B项“制作手工艺品”符合题意，故选B。 答案　B B 54­year­old Abdul has a special job.He has been working as a living statue for over three decades，standing perfectly still for six hours a day and resisting people's attempts to make him move or smile，anything that proves he is a living person. Abdul，known as “India's Statue Man，” has been performing his daily routine ever since 1985，soon after getting a job as a security guard.His boss had recently traveled to the UK，where he was so impressed by the statue­like members of the Royal Guard outside Buckingham Palace that he wanted to do something similar back home.So he had his guards receive three months of training，where they would sit perfectly still for around four hours.They weren't allowed to talk or smile，eat，drink，or even shoo away a fly if it sat on their faces.In the end，Abdul proved the best of the group，so he got the strange job. Abdul isn't the only person in the world acting as a living statue，but what makes him special is the fact that he can do it for as long as six hours without even blinking his eyes.Once，a $155 prize was put up for anyone who can make him move a muscle.But try as they might，no one has ever succeeded.Actually，Abdul tries to move about as much as he can in his spare time，and only eats healthy home­cooked food，to keep his body in shape.But he claims yoga has been the biggest help.In the 32 years，Abdul has become a celebrity in India and other Asian countries.Many Bollywood celebrities have come to witness this living statue and try to finally make him move，but none have succeeded. Abdul earns about 10,000 rupees ($156) a month，which is enough to support his family，but definitely not enough to encourage his children to follow in his footsteps.It's just too stressful and taxing on the body.“Despite all the hardship and health problems，I love my job and I am thankful to people for the love and respect they have showered on me，...”he says.“When the time comes，I want to die playing a statue.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一个叫Abdul的人有一份特殊的工作就是扮演一个活体雕像，一天六小时站着一动不动，并且他表示他非常喜欢这份职业。 4．What is Abdul's daily routine? A．Performing as a living statue. B．Proving to be a living person. C．Smiling at his customers. D．Keeping his body in shape. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一句“54­year­old Abdul has a special job.He has been working as a living statue (活体雕像) for over three decades standing perfectly still for six hours a day(54岁的阿卜杜勒有一份特殊的工作。三十年来，他一直作为一个活体雕像，一天六小时站着一动不动)”可知，他的日常工作就是表演一个活体雕像。故选A。 答案　A 5．Why could Abdul get the strange job given by his boss? A．He had his special ambition. B．He was most familiar with the job. C．He stood out among the group. D．He knew the boss more than others. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后“So he had his guards receive three months of training，...In the end，Abdul proved the best of the group，so he got the strange job.(所以他(老板)让他的警卫接受了三个月的训练……最后阿卜杜勒被证明是这个小组中最好的，所以他得到了这份奇怪的工作。)”可推知，阿卜杜勒获得这份奇怪的工作是因为他在小组中脱颖而出。故选C。 答案　C 6．What does Abdul do in his spare time? A．He eats a lot of snacks. B．He practices yoga for 12 hours a day. C．He cooks for his family. D．He always moves a lot. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Abdul tries to move about as much as he can in his spare time(阿卜杜勒在业余时间尽量多走动)”可知，阿卜杜勒在业余时间尽量多走动。故选D。 答案　D 7．How does Abdul feel about his job according to the text? A．It's overpaid.　　　　　 B．It's satisfying. C．It's boring. D．It's instructive. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘I love my job and I am thankful to people for the love and respect they have showered on me，...’ he says.(他说：‘我热爱我的工作，我感谢人们对我的爱和尊重……’)”可推知，他对这份工作很满意，即这份工作令他满意。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 Today，we tell about one of the greatest thinkers in the world，Leonardo da Vinci.He began his career as an artist.But his interest in the world around him 1 him to study music，math，science，engineering and building design.Many of his ideas and inventions were centuries 2 his time. Leonardo da Vinci spent his life studying and 3 in order to develop a scientific understanding of the world.He designed weapons，machines，engines，robots，and many other kinds of 4 devices.When disease spread in Milan，Leonardo designed a city that would help 5 the spread of infection. 6 of these designs were built during his lifetime.But they show his extraordinarily forward­thinking 7 . Leonardo's first known portrait now 8 in the National Gallery in Washington，D.C..He made this painting of a young woman named Ginevra de' Benci around 1474.The woman has a pale face with dark hair.In the 9 ，Leonardo painted the Italian countryside. He soon received 10 for his extraordinary artistic skills.Around 1475 he was asked to draw an angel in Verrocchio's painting “Baptism of Christ”. One story says that when Verrocchio saw Leonardo's addition to the painting，he was so 11 by his student's skill that he said he would never paint again. Leonardo's most famous portrait of a woman is called “Mona Lisa”．It is now in the 12 of the Louvre museum in Paris.He painted this 13 of Lisa Gherardini starting around 1503.She was the wife of a wealthy businessman from Florence named Francesco del Giocondo. Lisa Gherardini is sitting down with her hands crossed in her lap.She looks 14 at the painter.She seems to be smiling ever so slightly.A great deal of 15 surrounds the painting.Experts are not sure about how or why Leonardo came to paint the work.But they do know that he never gave it to the Giocondo family.He kept the painting with him for the rest of his life. [语篇解读]　这是一篇人物传记。著名画家达·芬奇因为对周围事物的兴趣，学习了很多方面的知识，具有超前的思维。作为画家，他很成功，他的第一幅肖像画在华盛顿国家博物馆展出，而最著名的画《蒙娜丽莎》则被收藏在卢浮宫。此外，这幅画还有很多未解之谜。 1．A.pulled　　　　　　　 B．drove C．recommended D．reminded 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：但是，他对周围世界的兴趣驱使他学习音乐、数学、科学、工程学和建筑设计学。A.pulled拉；B.drove驱使；C.recommended推荐；D.reminded提醒。结合句意可知，此处是指他对周围世界的兴趣成为他学习的驱动力，故用“驱使”符合语境，故选B。 答案　B 2．A.away from B．out of C．ahead of D．up to 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：他的很多想法和发明比他所在的时代超前了几个世纪。A.away from远离；B.out of在……外；C.ahead of提前，超前；D.up to胜任。根据下文的But they show his extraordinarily forward­thinking 7 .可知达·芬奇有极其超前的思维，故此处用“超前”符合语境，故选C。 答案　C 3．A.observing B．releasing C．hesitating D．noticing 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了培养对世界的科学认识，达·芬奇花了一生的时间来学习和观察。A.observing观察；B.releasing释放；C.hesitating犹豫；D.noticing注意。结合句意可知，想要科学地了解世界，就要进行不断地学习和观察，故选A。 答案　A 4．A.musical B．educational C．warning D．engineering 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他设计了武器、机器、发动机、机器人和其他很多种类的机械设备。A.musical音乐的；B.educational教育的；C.warning警告的；D.engineering机械的。结合句意可知，句中提到的这些东西都是和器械相关的，故此处用“机械设备”符合语境，故选D。 答案　D 5．A.insist B．consist C．resist D．list 解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当疾病在米兰传播时，达·芬奇设计了一个城市，这个城市可以帮助抵御感染的传播。A.insist坚持；B.consist由……构成；C.resist抵御；D.list列举。结合句意可知，达·芬奇设计这个城市的目的就是为了抵御感染，故选C。 答案　C 6．A.Few B．Many C．Less D．Much 解析　考查代词词义辨析。句意：在他生活的时代，这些设计几乎没有被建成的。A.Few少数；B.Many很多；C.Less少量；D.Much很多。根据上文的Many of his ideas and inventions were centuries 2 his time.可知达·芬奇的很多发明都很超前，故推测他在世时，他的发明和设计没有成为现实，故选A。 答案　A 7．A.figure B．mind C．humor D．mood 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：但是，这些设计展示了他非常超前的思维。A.figure数字，人物；B.mind思维；C.humor幽默；D.mood情绪。结合实际可知，设计和发明都需要思考，故此处用“思维”符合语境，故选B。 答案　B 8．A.stands B．lies C．hangs D．leans 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：达·芬奇的第一幅肖像画现在挂在华盛顿国家美术馆。A.stands站，矗立；B.lies位于；C.hangs挂；D.leans倾斜。结合句意可知，此处是指达·芬奇画的肖像画挂在美术馆里，故选C。 答案　C 9．A.distance B．heart C．mirror D．air 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：从远处看，达·芬奇画的是意大利的乡村。A.distance距离；B.heart心；C.mirror 镜子；D.air空气。根据前文的The woman has a pale face with dark hair.可知这是近距离看到的画上女士的细节，故推测本句是从远处看到画的整体内容，故用“从远处”(in the distance)符合语境，故选A。 答案　A 10．A.reply B．attention C．care D．comfort 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：他很快因为卓越的艺术技巧而受到关注。A.reply回复；B.attention关注；C.care关心；D.comfort安慰。根据下文的Around 1475 he was asked to draw an angel in Verrocchio's painting “Baptism of Christ”．的可知他被要求去画Baptism of Christ里的天使，所以推测他出名了，故此处用“受到关注”符合语境，故选B。 答案　B 11．A.annoyed B．ashamed C．amused D．amazed 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：有一个故事是这样说的，当Verrocchio看到这幅画时他对自己学生的技巧感到震惊，他说他再也不画画了。A.annoyed生气的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.amused高兴的；D.amazed惊讶的。结合上下文可知，此处是指Verrocchio也没有想到自己学生的绘画技巧如此了的，感到惊讶，故选D。 答案　D 12．A.charge B．favor C．name D．collection 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：它现在被收藏在巴黎的卢浮宫。A.charge管理；B.favor恩惠，赞成；C.name名字，名义；D.collection收集，收藏。结合实际可知，达·芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》被收藏在卢浮宫，故用“收藏”(in the collection of)符合语境，故选D。 答案　D 13．A.image B．expression C．gesture D．movement 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：他于1503年左右开始创作Lisa Gherardini的形象。A.image 形象；B.expression表达，表情；C.gesture手势；D.movement运动。结合句意可知，此处就是指《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画，故用“形象”符合语境，故选A。 答案　A 14．A.thoroughly B．directly C．unbelievably D．originally 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：她直视着画家。A.thoroughly完全地；B.directly直接地；C.unbelievably难以置信地；D.originally原始地。结合实际，《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画所展示出来的蒙娜丽莎的眼神是看着画家的，故此处用“直接地”符合语境，故选B。 答案　B 15．A.doubt B．surprise C．sorrow D．mystery 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：这幅画还有很多未解之谜。A.doubt怀疑；B.surprise惊喜；C.sorrow悲伤；D.mystery谜。根据下文的Experts are not sure about how or why Leonardo came to paint the work.可知此处用“谜”符合语境，故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $