Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

本讲义围绕音乐主题构建语言能力培养支架，涵盖必记单词（composer, deserve等）、重点短语（tear apart, transform...into...等）、经典句型（形容词作状语、动词-ing形式作状语等）及核心语法（动词-ing形式作主语和宾语），形成从词汇积累到句型应用再到话题写作（介绍歌手或乐队）的完整学习脉络。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，通过美国音乐分类（流行、民谣、乡村）与《梁祝》赏析对比中外音乐文化，结合词汇词根拓展（如compose→composer）和句型语境应用（形容词作状语例句分析），在音乐感悟中提升思维品质。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可借助练习巩固词汇语法，弥补知识盲点。

语言能力 必记 单词 composer，deserve，pleasant，dramatic，weep，overcome，sorrow，forever，rural，surroundings，guarantee，adaptation，defend，flow，solar，greet，recording，distant，volume，breath，unusual，grab，sweep，complicated，accompany，expectation，remarkable，stream，enthusiastic，vast，gifted，reputation，brilliant，prediction，extraordinary，depress，upset，possess，abandon，desperate，uplifting，ease，genius，grand 重点 短语 tear apart，in a whisper，transform...into...，combine...with...，rely on，throw in，for good measure，consist of，get down to (doing) sth，be suitable for，stare at，all of a sudden 经典 句型 1.形容词(短语)作状语 2.动词­ing形式作状语 3.what引导宾语从句 4.have trouble (in) doing sth 5.by the time 引导时间状语从句 6.who 引导定语从句 7.状语从句的省略 核心 语法 动词­ing形式作主语和宾语 话题 写作 介绍自己最喜欢的歌手或乐队 文化意识 了解中外音乐领域的基本知识；理解和欣赏优秀音乐作品，比较和分析其形式与内涵，并能从中获取有关积极人生态度和正确价值观方面的启示。 思维品质 充分发挥音乐这一载体的作用，让学生真正感悟到音乐的内涵，陶冶学生的心灵，丰富学生的精神生活，培养学生的优秀思维品质。 学习能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语言；根据本单元内容调整自己的学习策略；结合现实生活，选择适合自己的学习方式。 音乐是我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分，它也是一个完整的世界，是一个特殊的世界，是一个和谐的世界。你了解美国音乐的分类情况吗？ Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere. Popular music in America is what every student likes.Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class，after class and at lunch.Students with cars buy large speakers (扬声器) and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people.But most of the radio broadcasts are music. Pop or popular music singers make much money.They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state.Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country，young people buy his or her tapes.Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer.Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her.Now the singer has become a national star. Besides pop music，there are two other kinds of music that are important to Americans.One is called folk music.It tells stories about the common life of Americans.The other is called western or country music.This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. [词汇积累],international adj.国际的　　　　　　　 throughout prep.遍及，贯穿　　　　　　　 cowboy n.牛仔 根据短文回答问题 1．How do popular music singers make money? They make money from their tapes. 2．How many kinds of music are mentioned in the passage？And what are they? Three.They are pop music，folk music and western or country music. Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．symphony n．交响乐，交响曲 2．deserve vt.值得，应得 3．pleasant adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 4．whisper vi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n．低语；轻柔的声音；传言 5．dramatic adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 6．weep vi.&vt.哭泣，流泪 7．overcome vt.受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 8．forever adv.永远；长久地；老是 9．combine vt.&vi.(使)融合，(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并 10．folk adj.民间的，民俗的 n．民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 11．rural adj.乡村的，农村的 12．guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n．保证，担保；保修单 拓展词汇 13．composer n．作曲家，作曲者→compose vt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 →composition n．作曲；作品；作文；组成，构成 14．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事→sorrowful adj.悲伤的，伤心的 15．transform vi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n．转化；转换；变换 16．surroundings n．周围，环境→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕 17．arch n．拱门；拱→arched adj.拱形的；弓形的 18．adaptation n．改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的 19．communist adj.共产主义的n.共产主义者→communism n．共产主义 20．defend vt.&vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；防护；辩护→defendant n．被告→defender n．捍卫者，保护者；防守队员，后卫 →defensive adj.防御的；防御用的；防御性的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2．whisper to sb向某人低声说 3．transform into...变成…… 4．combine...with/and...把……与……结合起来 5．such as例如 6．rely on依赖，依靠；信任 7．all the time一直，始终；经常 8．turn out结果是；证明是；生产；制造 9．in the 1940s 20世纪40年代 10．deep in thought陷入沉思 11．throw in奉送，额外赠送 12．for good measure作为额外增添 13．feel like想要(做)；想做…… 14．put on穿上，戴上；上演(戏剧等) 15．a series of一连串的；一系列；一套 16．in front of在……前面 17．consist of由……组成(或构成) 18．in particular尤其；特别地；格外地 19．behind the scenes在后台，在幕后 20．in a new and different way以一种全新不同的方式 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Last night，I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers，a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈刚创作。 2．When the two lovers，Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai，first meet，the music is light and pleasant，as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。 3．Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 又气又悲，梁病倒后死去。 4．The tunes are easy to sing，and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. 曲调很容易唱，歌词常常让你陷入沉思。 5．Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak，but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. 大多数歌曲都是关于苦难和心碎的，但也有关于希望的，其中不乏幽默。 Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions. 1．What performance did Alice watch? Butterfly Lovers. 2．What kind of music does Harry like? Country music. Ⅱ.Scan the text and match the general idea of every paragraph. Alice's email 1．Para.1　　A．The description of the story Butterfly Lovers. 2．Para.2 B．I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers. 3．Para.3 C．You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers. 答案　1～3　BAC Harry's email 4．Para.1 A．You should listen to some great country music. 5．Para.2 B．Country music became popular in the south of America in the 1940s. 6．Para.3 C．My host family and I are fans of country music. 7．Para.4 D．Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside. 答案　4～7　CBDA Ⅲ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What is Alice's purpose in writing the email? A．To invite Lucy to listen to Butterfly Lovers. B．To tell Lucy she watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers. C．To introduce the music and significance of Butterfly Lovers. D．To point out music is a universal language. 2．The music of Butterfly Lovers turns fast and cheerful when . A．Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai first meet B．Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai study together for three years C．Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai are separated D．Liang Shanbo falls sick and dies 3．Why are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai separated? A．Because they live in different places. B．Because they finish studying at school. C．Because they dislike each other. D．Because Zhu Yingtai's father forces her to marry another man. 4．Which phrase can replace “for good measure” in Harry's email? A．In addition.　　　　　 B．In all. C．In short. D．In good health. 答案　1～4　CBDA Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks according to the text. Butterfly Lovers is a beautiful violin concerto，which really deserves 1.to be heard(hear)．It tells a classic story about a young couple 2.torn(tear) apart by their families.When Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai first meet，the music is light and pleasant.During their three happy school years，the music is fast and cheerful.When the lovers 3.are separated(separate)，the music gets dramatic with 4.heavier(heavy) notes.5.At the end of the story，the most exciting part，the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note.Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese 6.and Western musical elements,7.making(make) me realize music is indeed a universal language. Country music became popular in the south of America in 8.the 1940s and then spread across the nation.The tunes are easy to sing，and the lyrics leave you deep in 9.thought(think)．Country music shows the 10.peaceful(peace) green fields and simple life of the countryside. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[核心词汇·练透] compose vt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 (1)be composed of　　由……组成(或构成)的 compose oneself 使自己镇定 (2)composed adj. 看起来平静的，镇定的 composition n. 作曲；作品；作文；组成，构成 composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 [经典佳句]　Data about the moon's composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical. 有关月球成分的数据，比如月球含有多少冰和其他宝藏，可以帮助中国决定未来月球基地的计划是否可行。 Lynn took several deep breaths to compose herself. 林恩深深吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。 [佳句背诵] Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment and so on. 生活是由许多元素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It is said that the singer，who has a gift for composing music，is also a good composer.(compose) ②It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition(compose) in a quarter of an hour. ③The medical team which is composed of two doctors and five nurses will arrive soon. deserve vt.值得，应得 deserve＋n.　　应受……，值得…… deserve doing＝deserve to be done 值得(被)做 deserve to do sth 值得做某事；应该做某事 [经典佳句]　These proposals deserve serious consideration. 这些建议值得认真考虑。 The team deserves to win. 这个队该赢。 He deserved locking up forever for what he had done. ＝He deserved to be locked up forever for what he had done. 他做了这样的事，应该终身监禁。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves(deserve) our due respect. ②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/ to be respected(respect)． ③He does not deserve to win(win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others. 完成句子 ④保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。 Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve consideration/considering/to be considered. whispervi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言 (1)whisper sth to sb　对某人窃窃私语；向某人低声说…… whisper to sb 向某人低声说 whisper sth in/into one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说…… It is/was whispered that... 据秘密传闻…… (2)in a whisper/whispers＝in a low voice 低声地；耳语地 [经典佳句]　—What did he whisper to you just now? ——刚才他对你耳语了什么？ —He whispered a secret to me. ——他小声告诉了我一个秘密。 He told me an exciting piece of news in an excited whisper. 他压低声音激动地告诉了我一个激动人心的消息。 [即学活用] 一句多译 他低声向我说了那件事。 A．He said it to me in a whisper/in whispers.(whisper n．) B．He whispered it to me.(whisper v．) overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 overcome fear/difficulty　克服恐惧/困难 be overcome by/with 使无能为力 overcome the enemies 战胜敌人 [经典佳句]　He overcame all kinds of difficulties and succeeded at last. 他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。 Faced with so many new things to learn，I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do. 面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①第二门语言的学习者有很多困难要克服。 The learner of a second language has many difficulties to overcome. ②海警们克服了强风、大浪、天冷等困难，终于成功救起了32名海员。 The sea policemen overcame the difficulties such as strong winds，high waves，as well as cold weather，and finally succeeded in saving 32 sailors. sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 (1)in sorrow　处于悲痛之中 to one's sorrow 使……伤心的是 the joys and sorrows of life 人生的欢乐和悲伤 (2)sorrowful adj. 悲痛的 [经典佳句]　We were in deep sorrow at the news that many people died on the landslide. 听到在山体滑坡事件中很多人遇难的消息，我们很悲痛。 To their sorrow，they lost an important chance of achieving success. 让他们伤心的是，他们失去了一个成功的重要机会。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①People were in deep sorrow at the news that a plane with all people on board crashed the other day. ②It was unbearable to see the sorrowful(sorrow) eyes of the mourning people. transform vi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化 (1)transform...into...　使……变成…… transform from...into... 由……变成…… (2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变、变革 [经典佳句]　We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country. 我们必须努力工作，以便使中国变成先进的工业国。 We are living in a time of social transformation. 我们生活在一个社会变革的时代。 [佳句背诵] New power machinery and artificial fertilizers have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 现在新的电动机械和人造化肥完全改变了石器时代开始的生活方式。 [巧学助记]“转换”transform trans(＝from...to)＋form(形态)；从一种形态到另一种形态→transform 转化；转换 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Their efforts have transformed the bald hill into one covered with green trees all over. ②He tried hard to make the transformation(transform) in his appearance. ③I was a student and had my life totally transformed(transform) by that experience. rely on依赖，依靠；信任 (1)rely on sb to do/doing sth＝rely on sb's doing sth　　指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on it that... 相信……；指望…… (2)rely vi. 依靠；依赖 reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 [经典佳句]　You can rely on it that she will come to help you. 你要坚信她会来帮你的。 Like humans，most animals rely on visible light for seeing，and plants rely on it for photo synthesis. 和人类一样，大多数的动物需要依赖可见光才能看见东西，而植物则需要光来进行光合作用。 [佳句背诵] He was quite reliable and cared about every detail of the preparation work. 他很靠得住，关注准备工作的每个细节。 [名师点津] (1)可用短语rely upon代替rely on。 (2)当rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。有类似用法的还有depend on，appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like等。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Nowadays parents do everything for their single children，which makes the children rely on/upon their parents badly. ②Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to do/doing(do) everything for them. ③If he promises to do something，he will do it，so you can rely on his helping(help) you when you are in trouble. ④My friend is a reliable(rely) person，and you can rely on it that he will give you a hand when you are in trouble. for good measure作为额外增添 (1)measure n．　措施；方法 in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 make sth to sb's measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 (2)measure vt. 测量；度量：估量 measure...by... 用……来衡量…… be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 [经典佳句]　In the old days，my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival approaching. 过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身定做新衣服。 Education shouldn't be measured only by examination results. 教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①In my view，we should take the strictest measures(measure) to ensure food safety. ②The level of success is not measured(measure) by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process. 完成句子 ③这件套装很合我身，因为是量身定做的。 The suit fits me well because it was made to my measure. surroundings n．周围，环境 (1)surrounding adj.　周围的；附近的 (2)surround vt. 围绕；包围 surround sb/sth with sb/sth 使某人/物包围某人/物 be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 [经典佳句]　And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears. 当他看到河里升起的薄雾和山顶周围的云彩时，他不禁潸然泪下。 Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial. 围绕在给你尊重和提供帮助的人的周围会非常有益。 [佳句背诵] Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings. 只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适更美丽的环境里。 [语境助记] Once upon a time，a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 [易混辨析] surroundings，environment surroundings 主要指自然环境，偏重于生活、居住的周围环境 environment 指大的自然环境，范围要比surroundings大；也可指精神环境、人文环境。强调环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Steve arrived and sat in the front row，surrounded(surround) by his family. ②He immediately noticed the advantage of his new surroundings(surround)． ③The island is surrounded with/by the sea. 选词填空：surroundings，environment ④As is known to all，an unhappy home environment can affect a child's behavior. ⑤It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings. guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修　n．保证，担保；保修单 (1)guarantee to do sth/that...　保证/担保做某事；确保…… be guaranteed to do sth 必定做某事 guarantee sb sth 保证某人某事 (2)give sb a guarantee (that)．.. 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 [经典佳句]　While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 虽然昆士兰铁路公司尽一切努力确保列车按计划运行，但无法保证列车之间或列车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。 Take this opportunity，and I guarantee that you won't regret it. ＝Take this opportunity，and I give you a guarantee that you won't regret it. 抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。 [佳句背诵] We should pay attention to small details，which can guarantee us to succeed in the end. 我们应该注意小细节，这保证我们最终能成功。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①I guarantee to pay(pay) off my debts on time，no matter what happens. ②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee. 翻译句子 ③我们保证在一周内将货物送到。 We give you a guarantee that we will deliver the goods within one week. adaptation n．改编本，改写本；适应 (1)adapt vi.　适应 vt. 使适应；使适合；改编或改写(稿本等) adapt to 适应 adapt oneself to 使某人自己适应于 adapt sth from 根据……改编某物 adapt for 为……而改写、改编 (2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 [经典佳句]　The twins are always adaptable to fit new conditions. 这对双胞胎总能适应新的环境。 We must adapt our thinking to the new conditions. 我们必须使自己的思想适应新的情况。 [佳句背诵] People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. 埃塞俄比亚高原的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。 [易混辨析] adopt 采用；采纳；收养；正式通过 adapt 改编；使适应 [即学活用] 选词填空：adopt，adapt ①The young couple had no children of their own and adopted a boy after the earthquake.After a few months，the boy came to adapt himself to the life in the new home. 用adapt的适当形式及相关短语填空 ②The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environment，and in fact at first he thought he couldn't adapt himself to the changed environment. consist of由……组成(或构成) (1)consist in＝lie in　存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 (2)consist v. 由……组成 (3)consistent adj. 一致的 be consistent with 与……一致 [经典佳句]　Good service consists in punctuality and dependability. 良好的服务在于守时与可靠。 The information consists with/is consistent with what is said in the newspaper. 信息与报纸中的说法一致。 [佳句背诵] Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 请记住，即使是世界冠军运动员，他们的训练技巧也是始终如一的。 [名师点津] consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of 或be composed of，且不用于进行时。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Life consists(consist) of not only sunshine but also hard times. ②The result is consistent(consist) with previous findings. ③Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting(consist) of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers. ④Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. defend vt.&vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解 (1)defend...from/against...　保护……免受伤害 defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫 in defence of 为了保卫…… (3)defender n. 防御者 When a dog attacked me，I defended myself with a stick.当一只狗攻击我时，我拿起一根棍子防卫。 Their duty is to defend the country against/from its enemies. 他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The wall was built to defend the road from being washed(wash) away by the sea. ②The town walls were built as a defence(defend) against enemy attacks in the past. 完成句子 ③有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。 Some think that students should be trained in defence of/to defend themselves against some attacks.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] (教材P16)Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 又气又悲，梁病倒后死去。 该句中的形容词短语Angry and sad作状语，用来说明句子主语的状态。 形容词短语作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 Tired out，the children fell asleep at once. 由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。 After five days of fantastic space trip，the two astronauts walked out of the spaceship，tired but happy. 5天美妙的太空旅行之后，两个宇航员走出宇宙飞船，疲惫但非常开心。 [名师点津] 形容词作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或修饰整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Cheerful(cheer)，efficient and warm­hearted，they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. ②It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily(luck)，we made it. ③Excited(excite) and happy，we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school. 句型转换 ④I was too nervous，and I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. →Too nervous，I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. (教材P17)The tunes are easy to sing，and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. 曲调很容易唱，歌词常常让你陷入沉思。 The tunes are easy to sing属于“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型。 此结构的用法总结如下： (1)形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy，difficult，hard，important等。 (2)不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表被动含义。 (3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(for sb)。 (4)不定式中的动词若是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 English is difficult to learn well in a short time. 英语难以在短时间内学好。 The chair is comfortable to sit on. 椅子坐起来很舒服。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①This kind of machine is very easy to operate(operate)． ②A man who is so difficult to please(please) must be hard to work(work) with. ③Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area. 完成句子 ④在我看来，这套新公寓住起来很舒服。 In my view，the new flat is very comfortable to live in. (教材P17)Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak，but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. 大多数歌曲都是关于苦难和心碎的，但也有关于希望的，其中不乏幽默。 句中的with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure属于“with复合结构”，过去分词短语thrown in for good measure作宾语补足语。 (1)with＋宾语＋doing(doing表主动或正在进行的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋done(done表被动或已完成的动作) (3)with＋宾语＋to do(to do表示将来的动作) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv. The student fell asleep with the light on. 这个学生开着灯就睡着了。 In the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went to the bookstore.因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。 [佳句背诵] Then one perfect Amazonian evening，with monkeys calling from beyond the village green，we played soccer. 一个完美的亚马孙河之夜，在村外草地上，听着猴子的叫声，我们踢足球。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle)，the newly­elected manager is a cat on a hot brick. ②With his mother helping(help) him，he is getting along well with his work. ③With his attention fixed(fix) on his mobile phone，he didn't notice his head teacher's appearance. 句型转换 ④As time passes by，everything will become better. →With time passing by，everything will become better. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Cheer up and you are bound to overcome(overcome) the present difficulty. 2．Our company's adaptation(adapt) to shifting consumer tastes has been a great success. 3．One day，Tom whispered to me why Kate was upset these days. 4．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence(defend)． 5．The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation(transform) of my hometown. 6．No composer(compose) was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera. 7．I rely on you to finish(finish) the work on time. 8．Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings(surround)，we feel very happy. 9．This broken watch is still under guarantee. 10．Whoever you are，you deserve treating/to be treated(treat) equally. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．据说所有的人都参加了上星期举行的会议。 It's said that everybody attended the meeting held last week. 2．她在操场上走来走去，好像在找什么。 She walked here and there on the playground as if looking for something. 3．又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。 Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest. 4．这个问题不容易解决，所以你最好向老师求助。 This problem is not easy to figure out，so you'd better ask the teacher for help. 5．由于大家都尊敬他，他决定为国家作出巨大贡献。 With everyone respecting him，he decided to make great contributions to the country. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Bob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature，announced Sara Danius，Swedish Academy's permanent secretary，on Thursday in Stockholm. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2016 is awarded to Bob Dylan “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition，” Danius said at the Swedish Academy. “As an artist，he is versatile；he has been active as painter，actor and scriptwriter，” said the official statement. Apart from his large production of albums，Dylan has published experimental work.He has written the autobiography Chronicles(2004)，which describes memories from the early years in New York and his life at the center of popular culture，it added. Born on May 24,1941 in Duluth，Minnesota，in the United States，the 75­year­old rock singer is the first songwriter to win the glorious award and the first American to win since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993. Barack Obama said the honour was well­deserved.“Congratulations to one of my favourite poets，” he wrote on Twitter. Dylan，who took his stage name from the poet Dylan Thomas，had long been regarded as a potential prize winner. Former Poet Laureate Sir Andrew Motion is among those who have ever praised Dylan's lyrics，saying they are often the best words in the best order. Dylan began his musical career in Minnesota before heading for New York.Many of his best­known works date from the 1960s，when he became an informal historian of America's troubles.His songs Blowing in the Wind and The Times They are A­Changing were popular in the anti­war and civil rights movements. Few experts，though，expected the academy to extend the award to a folk music songwriter.In 112 years，no songwriter has ever won before.What makes a man who has only ever written three books a suitable winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature? [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述著名民谣音乐家鲍勃·迪伦于2016年获得诺贝尔文学奖，成为第一个获此奖的作曲家，并获得多方赞誉。 1．What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? A．Able to do things in different fields B．Able to understand others' feelings C．Able to produce a lot D．Able to succeed at an old age. 解析　词义猜测题。由上下文及画线词后面一句“he has been active as painter，actor and scriptwriter”可知鲍勃·迪伦作为艺术家是多才多艺的，因此选A。 答案　A 2．Many of Bob Dylan's best­known songs . A．were written before he arrived in New York B．date back to the middle 1970s C．were often sung in the political movements D．show America's troubled history 解析　推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Many of his best­known works date from the 1960s，when he became an informal historian of America's troubles.”可知鲍勃·迪伦大部分作品都反映了美国一段动荡的历史。其他选项均出现细节信息错误。 答案　D 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dylan's winning the Nobel Prize in Literature. B．Dylan's life experiences as an artist. C．Dylan's contribution to the American literature. D．Dylan's musical career in America. 解析　主旨大意题。本文围绕鲍勃·迪伦获诺贝尔文学奖展开，讲述各方对其作品的评价。文章并未对其生平经历、音乐生涯或贡献过多着墨，因而A最准确，抓住了文章主旨。 答案　A B I am an active playgoer and play­reader，and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection，for that would，indeed，ruin the pleasure of reading，discussing，and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However，a variety of types is represented here.These include comedy，satire，poignant drama，historical and regional drama.To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play，I have included a guidance play，a radio play and a television play. Among the writers of the plays in this collection，Paul Green，Susan Glaspell，Maxwell Anderson，Thornton Wilder，William Saroyan，and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater.More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book. To get the most out of reading these plays，try to picture the play on stage，with you，the reader，in the audience.The houselights dim(变暗)．The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。作者是一位戏剧爱好者，介绍了自己编写的关于戏剧和剧作家的一本书。 4．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? A．He has written dozens of plays. B．He has a deep love for the theater. C．He is a professional stage actor. D．He likes reading short plays to others. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“I am an active playgoer and play­reader”以及“sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，作者深爱戏剧。故选B。 答案　B 5．What does the author avoid doing in his work? A．Stating the plays' central ideas. B．Selecting works by famous playwrights. C．Including various types of plays. D．Offering information on the playwrights. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection”可知，在这本书里，作者不会指出每部戏剧的中心主题。故选A。 答案　A 6．What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays? A．Control their feelings. B．Apply their acting skills. C．Use their imagination. D．Keep their audience in mind. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，为了从阅读这些戏剧中得到最多的东西，读者要尝试想象舞台上的戏剧。故选C。 答案　C 7．What is this text? A．A short story. B．An introduction to a book. C．A play review. D．An advertisement for a theater. 解析　主旨大意题。第一段提到作者编辑这本书的原因，第二、三段主要介绍了书中的一些内容，故本文是介绍一本书。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 What is classed as normal behaviour in one culture can sometimes be unsuitable，unacceptable，or even offensive in another.We're all different and we all have different beliefs and ways of doing things.Understanding this is what cultural awareness(意识) is all about. 1 We need to take a long，hard look at ourselves.What makes us the way we are？Well，there's history，tradition，education，and our parents.These are all good things.But do any of them make us better than others？No. 2 It's easy to understand why we start off believing that our culture is better than any other.In fact，some argue that it's necessary in order to survive.As children，we typically build our view of the world from our family and the place we grow up. 3 In the past，many people never left the comfort of their own town or district.They could all spend their days happily believing that the life they knew was the best，that their way of doing things was the right way，and not imagining or caring what others might think. 4 We do business with people from different cultures，selling each other products and ideas.We learn each other's languages. 5 We even live next door to each other.So we all need to learn to appreciate each other's cultures and ways of living. A．Not better，but different. B．We listen to each other's music. C．Today's world isn't like that though. D．Culture influences many parts of people's lives. E．Cultural awareness can begin by holding up a mirror. F．Our differences make the world endlessly interesting. G．However，as we get older our understanding of the world grows with us. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。本文论述了人的文化意识受到历史、传统、教育和父母的影响，并无优劣之分，当今社会，人们要学会尊重和欣赏彼此的文化意识和生活方式。 1．E　根据下文“we need to take a long，hard look at ourselves.What makes us the way we are？Well，there's history，tradition，education，and our parents.(我们需要好好审视自己。是什么造就了我们现在的样子？是历史、传统、教育，还有我们的父母。)”可知，作者认为，要想了解自己的文化意识，还得审视自身所受到了怎样的历史、传统和教育，以及父母对自己有哪些影响。因此，E选项“Cultural awareness can begin by holding up a mirror.(文化意识可以从举起一面镜子开始。)”切题，该选项中的“holding up a mirror”与“look at ourselves”相呼应，故选E。 2．A　根据上一句“But do any of them make us better than others？No.(但是他们中的任何一个会让我们比其他人更好吗？不。)”以及下一句“It's easy to understand why we start off believing that our culture is better than any other.(很容易理解为什么我们一开始就认为我们的文化比其他任何文化都好。)”可知，结合上文，作者认为不同的历史背景，传统、教育及父母造就了人们之间不同的文化意识，此处又提出了疑问并回答，并不是哪一个文化意识会让我们比其他人更好。因此，A选项“Not better，but different.(不是更好，而是不同。)”切题，该选项承上启下，表达的意思是，并不是哪一个文化意识更好，只是不同而已，且该选项中的“Not”与上文中的“No”相呼应。故选A。 3．G　根据上一句“As children，we typically build our view of the world from our family and the place we grow up.(作为孩子，我们通常从家庭和成长的地方建立我们对世界的看法。)”可知，孩子是从家庭和成长环境建立起自己对世界的看法，这个看法会随着年龄的增长而变化。因此，G选项“However，as we get older our understanding of the world grows with us.(然而，随着年龄的增长，我们对世界的理解也与日俱增。) ”切题，选项中的“grow up”与上一句中的“get older”相呼应。故选G。 4．C　根据上一句“They could all spend their days happily believing that the life they knew was the best，that their way of doing things was the right way，and not imagining or caring what others might think.(他们可以快乐地度过每一天，相信他们知道的生活是最好的，他们做事的方式是正确的，而不是去想象或关心别人会怎么想。)”及下一句“We do business with people from different cultures，selling each other products and ideas.We learn each other's languages.(我们与来自不同文化背景的人做生意，互相销售产品和创意。我们互相学习语言。)”可知，在过去，人们生活环境相对封闭，他们自认为自己的生活方式以及做事方式都是正确的，而在当今社会，不同文化背景的人可以互相做生意。因此，C项“Today's world isn't like that though.(但今天的世界并不是这样。)”切题，该选项承上启下，选项中的“isn't like”与下文中的“different”相呼应。故选C。 5．B　根据上一句“We do business with people from different cultures，selling each other products and ideas.We learn each other's languages.(我们与来自不同文化背景的人做生意，互相销售产品和创意。我们互相学习语言。) ”以及下文“So we all need to learn to appreciate each other's cultures and ways of living.(所以我们都需要学会欣赏彼此的文化和生活方式。)”可知，当今世界，不同文化背景的人之间做生意，学习对方的语言。该空的下一句又总结到：我们需要学会欣赏彼此的文化和生活方式，可推知，该空作者列举的另一种欣赏彼此文化的方式。因此，B选项“We listen to each other's music.(我们听对方的音乐。)”切题，听彼此的音乐也是欣赏对方文化的一种方式。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $