Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A new study from MIT has found that piano lessons have a very specific effect on kindergartners' ability to distinguish different pitches (音高)，which translates into an improvement in distinguishing between spoken words.However，piano lessons did not appear to provide any benefit for overall intelligence，as measured by IQ，attention span (注意力集中时间)，and working memory. The 74 children participating in the study were divided into three groups：one that received 45­minute piano lessons three times a week；one that received extra reading instruction for the same period of time；and one that received neither of these.All children were 4 or 5 years old and spoke Mandarin as their native language. After six months，the researchers tested the children on their ability to distinguish words based on differences in vowels (元音)，consonants (辅音)，or tone (音调)．Better word distinguishing usually comes with better phonological awareness—the awareness of the sound structure of words，which is a key part of learning to read. Children who had piano lessons showed a significant advantage over children in the extra reading group in distinguishing between words that differ by one consonant.Children in both the piano group and extra reading group performed better than the third group when it came to distinguishing words based on vowel differences. The researchers also used electroencephalography to measure brain activity and found that children in the piano group had stronger responses than the other children when they listened to a series of tones of different pitch.This suggested that a greater sensitivity to pitch differences is what helped the children who took piano lessons to better distinguish different words，Desimone says. “That's a big thing for kids in learning language：being able to hear the differences between words，” he says.“They really did benefit from that.” In tests of IQ，attention，and working memory，the researchers did not find any significant differences among the three groups of children. Desimone says he hopes the findings will help to convince education officials who are considering abandoning music classes in schools not to do so. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了研究人员发现上钢琴课对孩子们学习语言有帮助。 1．What do we know about the study? A．The participants were divided into four groups. B．All the participants spoke English as their native language. C．The participants were tested after a period of six months. D．The ages of the participants ranged from 4 to 15 years. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After six months，the researchers tested the children on their ability to distinguish words”可知，六个月后，研究人员测试了参与测试的孩子们辨别单词的能力，故选C。 答案　C 2．What did the researchers find in their study? A．Children in the piano group had better awareness of the differences among words. B．Children in the piano group performed better in the IQ test. C．Children in the extra reading group had better awareness of sounds. D．Children in the extra reading group performed better in the IQ test. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This suggested that a greater sensitivity to pitch differences is what helped the children who took piano lessons to better distinguish different words”可知，这表明，对音高差异更敏感有助于上钢琴课的孩子更好地区分不同的单词，也就是说上钢琴课的孩子能更好地区分单词之间的差异，故选A。 答案　A 3．What does Desimone think is an important ability for kids learning a language? A．The ability to imitate certain sounds. B．The ability to tell the differences between sounds. C．The ability to remember new sounds and words. D．The ability to relate sounds to real objects. 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“That's a big thing for kids in learning language：being able to hear the differences between words”可知，能够听出单词之间的区别，这对学习语言的孩子来说是件大事，由此可知，德西蒙认为孩子学习语言的一个重要能力是能够区分不同发音，故选B。 答案　B 4．With the findings，what does Desimone want education officials to do? A．To have more music classes in schools. B．Not to end music classes in schools. C．To provide more types of musical instruments to schools. D．Not to force students to study music if they are unwilling to. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“convince education officials who are considering abandoning music classes in schools not to do so”可知，德西蒙希望教育官员不要取消学校的音乐课，故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.语法填空 “Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as the word of the year for 2019 after 1. (use) on average 100 times more than in 2018. Defined as “a situation 2. urgent action is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from it”，the word became one of the most important 3. (term) of 2019.“Climate” did not have a place in the top words 4. (typical) used to modify (修饰) “emergency” in 2018.Instead，the top types of emergencies that people wrote about 5. (be) health，hospital and family emergencies.But with climate emergency，people saw something new,6. extension of emergency to the global level.The choice was reflective，not just of the rise in climate awareness，but the focus specifically 7. the language used to discuss it.Oxford said the rise of “climate emergency” 8. (show) an intentional push towards language of urgency. The dictionary's word of the year is chosen 9. (reflect) attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of 10. (culture) significance.Previous winners of word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了《牛津词典》将“气候紧急事件”选为2019年的年度词汇，这反映出了人们对于气候的关注。 1．being used　考查非谓语动词。after为介词，后接动词­ing形式，且the word 与use在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用现在分词的被动形式being used。故填being used。 2．where　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，situation为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。 3．terms　考查名词的数。one of后接名词复数，形容词最高级修饰名词。故填terms。 4．typically　考查副词。typically为副词修饰动词used为副词。故填typically。 5．were　考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语为the top types of emergencies，所以be动词为were。故填were。 6．an　考查冠词。extension“延长部分”为可数名词，本句表示泛指，且extension首字母的发音为元音音素，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．on/upon　考查介词。focus on/upon“集中于……”为固定短语。故填on/upon。 8．showed　考查时态。由“Oxford said”可知，宾语从句为一般过去时。故填showed。 9．to reflect　考查动词不定式。be chosen to do sth“被选择做某事”为固定短语。故填to reflect。 10．cultural　考查形容词。此处修饰名词significance，应使用形容词，意为“文化意义”。故填cultural。 Ⅲ.写作 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 (2024·九省联考)Last summer, Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. However, one day after cleaning, one of the dolphins, Maya, presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event, Hilda decided to do some spying on Maya. The next morning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped into the tank for her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank, she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her underwater search, but Hilda wasn't surprised when she surfaced empty­handed. During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but now the dolphin stopped suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there? Hilda wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box, and her question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya's path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around, her mouth dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting for her treat. “Maya! Where did you get that？” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing her a fish. “I know where she got it，” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful of items still wet from their watery, resting place. “What's all this？” Katherine asked, obviously confused. “This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile. Now Katherine realized what had been going on. One possible version： “This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile.The truth of the matter, Hilda continued, is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank, hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank. When you train her, she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you. “Really? How do you know that？” Catherine asked in surprise. Hilda laughed and replied, “It took me a long time to discover this secret, too. It's not easy to follow Maya.” Now Katherine realized what had been going on. Catherine thought to herself, this is really a clever dolphin. And she said to Hilda, “Well, Maya loves treats, so we'll work together, and you'll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank. I'll give her treats, the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied, “Good idea, let's do it.” From then on, the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony. Maya's performance in front of the audience is getting better and better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $