Unit 1 Look it up!单元话题题型组合练（语法填空+阅读+完形+写作）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版2024）

Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Online encyclopedias are like endless treasure boxes filled with 1 (know) on the Internet. Wherever you are, as long as you have a computer, tablet, or smartphone, you can open 2 (they) and explore a wide world of information. You can learn about the great leaders 3 history, the latest findings in science, the cultures of different 4 (country), and even the secrets of ancient civilizations. What makes online encyclopedias special is that they can be updated constantly. Unlike 5 (tradition) books, which need a long time to revise and publish new editions, information on online encyclopedias can change every day. For instance, when a new planet 6 (discover) in space or a popular movie is released, details about them 7 (appear) online soon. However, we must use online encyclopedias 8 (careful). Sometimes, people might write wrong information by accident, or some content may not be fully checked. So, if you use the information from online encyclopedias for homework or research, it’s important 9 (check) it with other trusted resources, like school books or government websites.​ All in all, online encyclopedias are 10 (amaze) tools. They help us learn quickly and satisfy our curiosity. With smart use, they will be our best friends on the learning journey. 【答案】 1．knowledge 2．them 3．in 4．countries 5．traditional 6．is discovered 7．will appear 8．carefully 9．to check 10．amazing 【导语】本文介绍了在线百科全书的特点和优势，强调了它们能快速更新信息，但同时提醒用户在使用时需谨慎核实内容的准确性。 1．句意：在线百科全书就像互联网上无尽的装满知识的宝盒。根据“filled with”可知，with是介词，后应接名词；know“知道”，其名词为knowledge“知识”，不可数。故填knowledge。 2．句意：无论你在哪里，只要你有一台电脑、平板电脑或智能手机，你就可以打开它们，探索广阔的信息世界。空前的open是动词，后接人称代词的宾格，they的宾格为them。故填them。 3．句意：你可以了解历史上的伟大领袖，科学上的最新发现，不同国家的文化，甚至是古代文明的秘密。此处指历史上的伟大领袖，in history表示“历史上”。故填in。 4．句意：你可以了解历史上的伟大领袖，科学上的最新发现，不同国家的文化，甚至是古代文明的秘密。根据空前的different可知，空处应是可数名词country的复数形式countries。故填countries。 5．句意：与需要很长时间修改和出版新版本的传统书籍不同，在线百科全书上的信息每天都在变化。修饰名词books应用形容词，tradition的形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 6．句意：例如，当在太空中发现一颗新行星或一部受欢迎的电影上映时，有关它们的细节很快就会出现在网上。根据“ a new planet ... in space”可知，新行星是在太空中“被发现”，再根据“is released”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语“a new planet”为单数，be动词用is。故填is discovered。 7．句意：例如，当在太空中发现一颗新行星或一部受欢迎的电影上映时，有关它们的细节很快就会出现在网上。根据“soon”可知，此处应用一般将来时，结构为will do。故填will appear。 8．句意：然而，我们必须谨慎地使用在线百科全书。修饰动词use，应用careful的副词carefully。故填carefully。 9．句意：所以，如果你使用在线百科全书的信息来做家庭作业或研究，重要的是要与其他可信的资源核对，比如学校书籍或政府网站。it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，空处应用不定式。故填to check。 10．句意：总而言之，在线百科全书是令人惊奇的工具。根据“online encyclopedias are ... tools.”可知，修饰物应用-ing结尾的形容词，amazing“令人惊奇的”符合语境。故填amazing。 Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 【答案】 1．scientist 2．extremely 3．showed 4．paintings 5．interesting 6．a 7．related 8．or 9．out 10．studying 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章，一篇是关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇，另一篇是关于恐龙的。 1．句意：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。 2．句意：达芬奇是极其聪明的，他在许多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。 此处需要填入一个副词，修饰形容词intelligent，extreme的副词是extremely。故填extremely。 3．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。 4．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。 5．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。 6．句意：恐龙是一种史前动物。“a type of”表示“一种”，这里是说恐龙是一种史前动物，故填a。 7．句意：恐龙和恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。“be related to”是固定搭配，表示“与……属于同一种类”，这里是说恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种，故填related。 8．句意：恐龙在陆地上行走，要么用两条腿要么用四条腿“either...or...”是固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，故填or。 9．句意：大约6600万年前恐龙突然灭绝了。“die out”表示“灭绝”，故填out。 10．然而，他们正在通过研究他们的化石来了解更多关于恐龙的知识。“by”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，故填studying。 二、完形填空 A cup of tea helps solve problems. Drinking tea can 1 your ability to create and imagine something. Scientists from Peking University made a 2 . It found that drinking tea makes you better at solving problems. The study offered people tea or water 3 they were asked to play a word game and solve some riddles (谜语). Those who were given 4 got better grades at both tasks. They got 13.89 in the word game and 10.94 in the riddles. 5 , the water drinkers’ grades were 12.94 and 9.0. Tea is known for making people 6 . However, people in the study were not given 7 tea to cheer them up. So 8 made the tea drinkers better? The researchers thought the improvement was all in the 9 . “Some research has found that people are likely to connect tea drinking with a certain set of good characters (性格) such as being smart and creative. So tea drinkers think they should be 10 and more creative, and their brains work that way,” the researchers said. All in all, drinking tea really does good to us. 1．A．say B．copy C．find D．improve 2．A．way B．study C．game D．story 3．A．before B．though C．after D．since 4．A．tea B．water C．coffee D．juice 5．A．Anyway B．However C．Then D．Also 6．A．nervous B．weak C．excited D．strong 7．A．nice B．little C．clean D．enough 8．A．what B．where C．when D．how 9．A．body B．mind C．heart D．health 10．A．lazier B．busier C．smarter D．poorer 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了北京大学科学家的研究发现喝茶能提高人的解决问题能力，其原因在于人们将喝茶与聪明、有创造力等良好特质相联系的心理作用。 1．句意：喝茶能提高你的创造和想象能力。 say说；copy复制；find找到；improve提高。根据前文“A cup of tea helps solve problems”及语境，喝茶有助于解决问题，应是能提高创造和想象能力，故选D。 2．句意：北京大学的科学家做了一项研究。 way方法；study研究；game游戏；story故事。根据后文“It found that drinking tea makes you better at solving problems”可知，这是一项研究的发现，故选B。 3．句意：这项研究在让人们玩文字游戏和猜谜语之前，给他们提供了茶或水。 before在……之前；though尽管；after在……之后；since自从。根据实验逻辑，应是先提供饮品，再让参与者做任务，故选A。 4．句意：那些被给予茶的人在两项任务中都取得了更好的成绩。 tea茶；water水；coffee咖啡；juice果汁。根据后文“the water drinkers’ grades were 12.94 and 9.0”可知，此处是将喝茶的人与喝水的人对比，故选A。 5．句意：然而，喝水的人的成绩是12.94和9.0。 Anyway无论如何；However然而；Then然后；Also也。根据“They got 13.89 in the word game and 10.94 in the riddles.”和“the water drinkers’ grades were 12.94 and 9.0.”可知，前文讲喝茶的人成绩更好，此处讲喝水的人成绩较低，存在转折关系，故选B。 6．句意：茶以让人兴奋而闻名。 nervous紧张的；weak虚弱的；excited兴奋的；strong强壮的。根据常识及后文“to cheer them up”，茶通常能让人兴奋、振作，故选C。 7．句意：然而，参与研究的人并没有得到足够的茶来让他们振作起来。 nice好的；little少的；clean干净的；enough足够的。根据“However”表转折及语境，虽然茶能让人兴奋，但研究中并未给参与者足够的茶来达到此效果，故选D。 8．句意：那么是什么让喝茶的人表现更好呢？ what什么；where哪里；when何时；how如何。此处是对“让喝茶的人表现更好”的原因进行提问，用what作主语，故选A。 9．句意：研究人员认为，这种改善完全在于心理作用。 body身体；mind心理；heart心脏；health健康。根据后文“Some research has found that people are likely to connect tea drinking with a certain set of good characters”可知，是与心理认知相关，故选B。 10．句意：所以喝茶的人认为他们应该更聪明、更有创造力，他们的大脑也会以这种方式工作。 lazier更懒的；busier更忙的；smarter更聪明的；poorer更穷的。根据前文“being smart and creative”可知，此处应与“更有创造力”并列，指更聪明，故选C。 Beethoven was born in Germany in1770. He was one of the greatest 1 in the world. Most of us have heard of his music. Even as a child Beethoven did not have a happy life. His father was a singer, 2 he was very lazy and always drank a lot. When Beethoven was only four, his father 3 to make him a musician. So Beethoven had to play the music. He learned very 4 and seven years later he could go around and give concert when he was 5 . A few years later, Beethoven went to Vienna to study 6 Haydn, a famous Austrian composer(作曲家). Soon he could write a lot of music 7 . Beethoven was often ill in his life. After one illness, there was something wrong with his ears. He couldn’t 8 any more. This didn’t stop Beethoven. He kept 9 many pieces of music. To everyone’s surprise, Beethoven wrote his most 10 pieces such as Destiny after he became deaf. It was wonderful, so it was famous all over the world. 1．A．painters B．musicians C．inventors D．writers 2．A．and B．but C．after D．before 3．A．decided B．liked C．failed D．agreed 4．A．hardly B．hurriedly C．fast D．slowly 5．A．eight B．nine C．ten D．eleven 6．A．with B．by C．under D．from 7．A．himself B．herself C．itself D．myself 8．A．feel B．see C．smell D．hear 9．A．listening B．reading C．writing D．finding 10．A．interesting B．beautiful C．exciting D．boring 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作曲家贝多芬的生平。 1．句意：他是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。 painters画家；musicians音乐家；inventors发明家；writers作家。根据下文“Most of us have heard of his music.”可知，我们大多数人听过他的音乐，所以贝多芬是音乐家。故选B。 2．句意：他的父亲是一名歌手，但他很懒，总是酗酒。 and和，表并列；but但是，表转折；after在……之后；before在……之前。分析空前后两个句子可知为转折关系，所以用but。故选B。 3．句意：贝多芬只有四岁时，他的父亲决定让他成为一名音乐家。 decided决定；liked喜欢；failed失败；agreed同意。根据下文“So Beethoven had to play the music.”可知，贝多芬不得不练习音乐，所以推测出他爸爸决定让贝多芬成为一名音乐家。故选A。 4．句意：他学得很快，七年后，他十一岁的时候就可以四处巡回演唱会了。 hardly几乎不；hurriedly匆匆忙忙地；fast快速地；slowly缓慢地。根据“seven years later he could go around and give concert”可知，七年后他就可以四处巡回演唱会了，所以他学得很快。故选C。 5．句意：他学得很快，七年后，他十一岁的时候就可以四处巡回演唱会了。 eight八岁；nine九岁；ten十岁；eleven十一岁。贝多芬四岁开始学习音乐，七年后便是他11岁时。故选D。 6．句意：几年后，贝多芬前往维也纳，师从奥地利著名作曲家海顿。 with用；by在……旁边；under在……下面；from来自。study under...“跟……学习”，固定短语。故选C。 7．句意：很快他就可以自己写很多音乐了。 himself他自己；herself她自己；itself它自己；myself我自己。本句主语“he”所以对应反身代词为himself“他自己”，故选A。 8．句意：他再也听不见了。 feel感觉；see看见；smell闻起来；hear听见。根据“After one illness, there was something wrong with his ears.”可知，他耳朵出了问题，所以他再也听不见了。故选D。 9．句意：他一直在写很多音乐。 listening听；reading读；writing写；finding找到。根据下文“To everyone’s surprise, Beethoven wrote...”可知，贝多芬在坚持写音乐。故选C。 10．句意：令所有人惊讶的是，贝多芬在失聪后写下了他最美丽的作品，如《命运》。 interesting有趣的；beautiful美丽的；exciting令人兴奋的；boring枯燥的。根据“It was wonderful, so it was famous all over the world.”可知，《命运》太棒了，所以它在全世界都很有名。所以可知《命运》很美丽动听。故选B。 三、阅读理解 Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future. Scientists from The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) found that some ants have a good sense of smell. “But more tests must be carried out before they could be used in hospitals,” the team said. The scientists did tests with 36 ants, smelling cells in the lab. First, they let the ants smell some cancerous human cells. Every time the ants smelt cancerous cells, they were rewarded with sugar solution (糖溶液). In the second step, the ants were put into two different smells. One was a new smell of healthy cells and the other was still the smell of the cancerous cells. Once the ants found the cancerous cells successfully, the researchers made them smell different cancerous cells. As such, the scientists found that ants could tell between cancerous and healthy cells and between two cancerous cells. This isn’t the first time that scientists have used the animals’ sense of smell to find cancerous cells. “Dogs are good at finding something with their noses. However, training dogs to do so needs several months or a year. On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,” scientists pointed out. “This study shows that ants are able to learn very quickly. The way can be used for other tasks including finding danger or other illnesses,” scientists added. 1．What can we know from CNRS’s study? A．Ants help humans keep off cancer. B．Dogs are used to find people with cancer. C．Ants are able to smell out cancerous cells. D．Ants work better than dogs to find cancer. 2．Why are the ants better than dogs in the tests? ①They are cheaper.        ②They are easier to be raised. ③They are better at finding things.    ④They can be trained more quickly. ⑤They have a sharper sense of smell. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③⑤ 3．What’s the writing purpose (目的) of the text? A．To introduce ants that will be more useful than we imagine. B．To teach people to protect ants from now on. C．To show ants and dogs are both humans’ friends. D．To explain why ants are more important than dogs. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究发现——蚂蚁能够通过嗅觉识别癌细胞，未来可能用于癌症检测。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future.”可知，研究发现，蚂蚁具有嗅出人体癌细胞的能力，即蚂蚁能够嗅出癌细胞。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,”可知，蚂蚁可以在短时间内轻松饲养，价格低廉，用更少的次数就可以训练出数百只。所以与狗相比，蚂蚁更容易喂养，很便宜且能被更快地训练。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了法国国家科学研究中心的研究人员发现蚂蚁的嗅觉很灵敏。只需通过短时间的训练，蚂蚁就能识别出人体的癌细胞，甚至还能区分不同的癌细胞，未来或可被大量地应用于临床诊断。所以作者的目的是介绍蚂蚁会比想象的更有用。故选A。 Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? a Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). b Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 2．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度 3．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了百科全书能提供不同类型的信息和知识，并给出了两篇来自百科全书的文章。 1．推理判断题。根据“He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old.”可知，Bizot出生于1967年，在8岁的时候就开始学习哑剧，1967+8=1975，也就是1975年开始学习哑剧。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France.”和“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，此处介绍他所使用的肢体语言，所以推测“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish...There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin...Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world. 1．How often did Edison make a new invention? A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days. C．About once a week. D．About twice a week. 2．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage? A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody. C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job. 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage? A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work. B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching. C．Edison had his first job in 1869. D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments. C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Edison was lazy when he was young. B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train. C．He had little difficulties in experimenting. D．Edison was very hard-working. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生。 1．细节理解题。根据“About every two weeks he created something new.”可知爱迪生每两周就会创造一些新的东西。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.”（不幸的是，他的第一次工作经历并不顺利。）以及“when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.”（他不小心把火车的地板点着了。）可知爱迪生被解雇了，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Thomas Edison was born in 1847.”（托马斯·爱迪生生于1847年）以及“When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.”（12岁时，他得到了第一份工作。）可知爱迪生是在1847+12=1859年得到第一份工作，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. ”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生，故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.”（他总是每24小时工作16小时。有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。）可推知爱迪生很勤奋，故选D。 Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 1．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。 A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. 57 Even so, travel isn’t difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are many waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. 1 They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some people escaped from a war many years ago and built homes there. 2 Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. 3 Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. 61 Every year, the high water hits the city. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater. Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. A．Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. B．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean melt. C．Seawater is everywhere around the city. D．Now the city has gone down by more than 20 centimetres. E．People in Venice move from place to place by boat. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了威尼斯这座城市的交通方式、历史、以及面临的问题。 1．根据“It wasn’t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands.”结合备选选项可知，威尼斯建在110多个岛屿上，由常识可知岛屿周围都是水，因此C项“城市周围到处都是海水。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“There are many waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go.”可知，出行需要依靠水路，根据“They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips.”可知，此处提到了乘船，因此E项“威尼斯人乘船从一个地方移动到另一个地方。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”结合备选选项可知，水给这座城市带来了问题，因此A项“水让这座城市与众不同，但它也是一个大问题。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”结合备选选项可知，此处应与城市下降有关，因此D项“现在，这座城市已经下降了20多厘米。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“The temperature has risen over the years.”结合备选选项可知，空前提到了气温上升，因此此处应该是关于气温上升带来的影响，因此B项“这使得北冰洋的冰融化了。”符合语境。故选B。 四、书面表达 下面内容是从《百科全书》上摘取的关于Mark Twain的介绍。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于马克·吐温的短文。 内容包括： 1. 他是一位美国著名作家，写了许多著名的小说。 2. 1835年出生于佛罗里达州的农村，4岁时和家人搬到城里，12岁时，其父亲去世。 3. 从童年就开始工作，做过许多不同的工作。 4. 最著名的小说：《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 5. 他的写作才能不是与生俱来，而是来源于他个人的经历。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Mark Twain was a very famous American writer. He was unusually talented in writing and wrote many famous novels. He was born in a small village in Florida in 1835. When he was 4 years old, he and his family moved to the city. Sadly, his father died when he was 12. From an early age, he started to work. He did many different jobs to make money. One of his most famous books is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This book made him very popular and won him lots of praise. Mark Twain spent all his life writing. His writing ability came from his rich personal experiences rather than innate talent. He made great contributions to American literature and played an important role in the world of books. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要逐句翻译，可适当添加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点明马克・吐温的核心身份（美国著名作家）及写作成就（写了许多著名小说，提及写作才能特点）； 第二步，具体阐述马克・吐温的生平经历； 第三步，介绍其代表作品《汤姆・索亚历险记》及作品影响力，补充写作才能的来源，最后总结他对美国文学的贡献及在文学界的地位。 [亮点词汇] ① be talented in 在……方面有天赋 ② from an early age 从小 ③ make money 赚钱 ④ make contributions to 为……做贡献 [高分句型] ① When he was 4 years old, he and his family moved to the city.（when引导的时间状语从句） ② Sadly, his father died when he was 12.（when引导的时间状语从句） ③ He did many different jobs to make money.（不定式作目的状语） 假如你们班正在举行英语读书节活动，你准备向同学们介绍百科全书。请你根据以下内容提示，完成你的发言稿。 内容提示： 1. 百科全书是记录人类一切知识的工具书。 2. 东方国家和西方国家都有自己的百科全书。 3. 人们可以在网络上查阅有关百科全书的信息。 4. 补充1-2点你对百科全书的看法。 要求：80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；可适当发挥。 【点拨】 1.人称：第一人称    2.时态：一般现在时 谋篇布局 1. record记录        2. reference book 工具书 3. look up the information 查找信息    4. at once 马上 好词 1. Encyclopaedia is a reference book to record all kinds of knowledge of human beings. 百科全书是一本用来记录属于人类的所有类型知识的工具书。 2. I believe you will be interested in the encyclopaedia if you have a look at it. 我相信假如你看一看百科全书的话，你将会对它感兴趣。 好句 牛刀小试 Dear classmates, I am going to introduce the encyclopaedia to you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Dear classmates, I am going to introduce the encyclopaedia to you. Encyclopaedia is a reference book to record all kinds of knowledge of human beings. Both western countries and eastern countries have their own encyclopaedias. People can look up the information about encyclopaedia on the Internet, and it is very convenient. I think encyclopaedia is very useful and helpful. People can know a lot of knowledge from it. If there is something I am not sure, I will look it up in the encyclopaedia at once. I believe you will be interested in the encyclopaedia if you have a look at it. That’s all. Thank you! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意书写工整、逻辑通顺，并突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。介绍百科全书； 第二步，阐述自己对百科全书的看法； 第三步，书写结语。表达感谢。 [亮点词汇] ①all kinds of 各种各样的 ②both…and…两者都 ③look up查找 ④at once立刻 ⑤be interested in感兴趣 [高分句型] ①I think encyclopaedia is very useful and helpful.（省略that的宾语从句） ②If there is something I am not sure, I will look it up in the encyclopaedia at once.（if引导的条件状语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Online encyclopedias are like endless treasure boxes filled with 1 (know) on the Internet. Wherever you are, as long as you have a computer, tablet, or smartphone, you can open 2 (they) and explore a wide world of information. You can learn about the great leaders 3 history, the latest findings in science, the cultures of different 4 (country), and even the secrets of ancient civilizations. What makes online encyclopedias special is that they can be updated constantly. Unlike 5 (tradition) books, which need a long time to revise and publish new editions, information on online encyclopedias can change every day. For instance, when a new planet 6 (discover) in space or a popular movie is released, details about them 7 (appear) online soon. However, we must use online encyclopedias 8 (careful). Sometimes, people might write wrong information by accident, or some content may not be fully checked. So, if you use the information from online encyclopedias for homework or research, it’s important 9 (check) it with other trusted resources, like school books or government websites.​ All in all, online encyclopedias are 10 (amaze) tools. They help us learn quickly and satisfy our curiosity. With smart use, they will be our best friends on the learning journey. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 二、完形填空 A cup of tea helps solve problems. Drinking tea can 1 your ability to create and imagine something. Scientists from Peking University made a 2 . It found that drinking tea makes you better at solving problems. The study offered people tea or water 3 they were asked to play a word game and solve some riddles (谜语). Those who were given 4 got better grades at both tasks. They got 13.89 in the word game and 10.94 in the riddles. 5 , the water drinkers’ grades were 12.94 and 9.0. Tea is known for making people 6 . However, people in the study were not given 7 tea to cheer them up. So 8 made the tea drinkers better? The researchers thought the improvement was all in the 9 . “Some research has found that people are likely to connect tea drinking with a certain set of good characters (性格) such as being smart and creative. So tea drinkers think they should be 10 and more creative, and their brains work that way,” the researchers said. All in all, drinking tea really does good to us. 1．A．say B．copy C．find D．improve 2．A．way B．study C．game D．story 3．A．before B．though C．after D．since 4．A．tea B．water C．coffee D．juice 5．A．Anyway B．However C．Then D．Also 6．A．nervous B．weak C．excited D．strong 7．A．nice B．little C．clean D．enough 8．A．what B．where C．when D．how 9．A．body B．mind C．heart D．health 10．A．lazier B．busier C．smarter D．poorer Beethoven was born in Germany in1770. He was one of the greatest 1 in the world. Most of us have heard of his music. Even as a child Beethoven did not have a happy life. His father was a singer, 2 he was very lazy and always drank a lot. When Beethoven was only four, his father 3 to make him a musician. So Beethoven had to play the music. He learned very 4 and seven years later he could go around and give concert when he was 5 . A few years later, Beethoven went to Vienna to study 6 Haydn, a famous Austrian composer(作曲家). Soon he could write a lot of music 7 . Beethoven was often ill in his life. After one illness, there was something wrong with his ears. He couldn’t 8 any more. This didn’t stop Beethoven. He kept 9 many pieces of music. To everyone’s surprise, Beethoven wrote his most 10 pieces such as Destiny after he became deaf. It was wonderful, so it was famous all over the world. 1．A．painters B．musicians C．inventors D．writers 2．A．and B．but C．after D．before 3．A．decided B．liked C．failed D．agreed 4．A．hardly B．hurriedly C．fast D．slowly 5．A．eight B．nine C．ten D．eleven 6．A．with B．by C．under D．from 7．A．himself B．herself C．itself D．myself 8．A．feel B．see C．smell D．hear 9．A．listening B．reading C．writing D．finding 10．A．interesting B．beautiful C．exciting D．boring 三、阅读理解 Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future. Scientists from The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) found that some ants have a good sense of smell. “But more tests must be carried out before they could be used in hospitals,” the team said. The scientists did tests with 36 ants, smelling cells in the lab. First, they let the ants smell some cancerous human cells. Every time the ants smelt cancerous cells, they were rewarded with sugar solution (糖溶液). In the second step, the ants were put into two different smells. One was a new smell of healthy cells and the other was still the smell of the cancerous cells. Once the ants found the cancerous cells successfully, the researchers made them smell different cancerous cells. As such, the scientists found that ants could tell between cancerous and healthy cells and between two cancerous cells. This isn’t the first time that scientists have used the animals’ sense of smell to find cancerous cells. “Dogs are good at finding something with their noses. However, training dogs to do so needs several months or a year. On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,” scientists pointed out. “This study shows that ants are able to learn very quickly. The way can be used for other tasks including finding danger or other illnesses,” scientists added. 1．What can we know from CNRS’s study? A．Ants help humans keep off cancer. B．Dogs are used to find people with cancer. C．Ants are able to smell out cancerous cells. D．Ants work better than dogs to find cancer. 2．Why are the ants better than dogs in the tests? ①They are cheaper.        ②They are easier to be raised. ③They are better at finding things.    ④They can be trained more quickly. ⑤They have a sharper sense of smell. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③⑤ 3．What’s the writing purpose (目的) of the text? A．To introduce ants that will be more useful than we imagine. B．To teach people to protect ants from now on. C．To show ants and dogs are both humans’ friends. D．To explain why ants are more important than dogs. Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? a Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). b Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 2．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度 3．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world. 1．How often did Edison make a new invention? A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days. C．About once a week. D．About twice a week. 2．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage? A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody. C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job. 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage? A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work. B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching. C．Edison had his first job in 1869. D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments. C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Edison was lazy when he was young. B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train. C．He had little difficulties in experimenting. D．Edison was very hard-working. Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. 57 Even so, travel isn’t difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are many waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. 1 They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some people escaped from a war many years ago and built homes there. 2 Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. 3 Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. 61 Every year, the high water hits the city. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater. Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. A．Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. B．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean melt. C．Seawater is everywhere around the city. D．Now the city has gone down by more than 20 centimetres. E．People in Venice move from place to place by boat. 四、书面表达 下面内容是从《百科全书》上摘取的关于Mark Twain的介绍。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于马克·吐温的短文。 内容包括： 1. 他是一位美国著名作家，写了许多著名的小说。 2. 1835年出生于佛罗里达州的农村，4岁时和家人搬到城里，12岁时，其父亲去世。 3. 从童年就开始工作，做过许多不同的工作。 4. 最著名的小说：《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 5. 他的写作才能不是与生俱来，而是来源于他个人的经历。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 假如你们班正在举行英语读书节活动，你准备向同学们介绍百科全书。请你根据以下内容提示，完成你的发言稿。 内容提示： 1. 百科全书是记录人类一切知识的工具书。 2. 东方国家和西方国家都有自己的百科全书。 3. 人们可以在网络上查阅有关百科全书的信息。 4. 补充1-2点你对百科全书的看法。 要求：80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；可适当发挥。 【点拨】 1.人称：第一人称    2.时态：一般现在时 谋篇布局 1. record记录        2. reference book 工具书 3. look up the information 查找信息    4. at once 马上 好词 1. Encyclopaedia is a reference book to record all kinds of knowledge of human beings. 百科全书是一本用来记录属于人类的所有类型知识的工具书。 2. I believe you will be interested in the encyclopaedia if you have a look at it. 我相信假如你看一看百科全书的话，你将会对它感兴趣。 好句 牛刀小试 Dear classmates, I am going to introduce the encyclopaedia to you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $