39.Unit 8 Safe and sound(主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固（译林版2024）

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 8 Safe and sound主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 本单元以“Safe and sound”为核心，聚焦自然灾害应对、家庭安全、急救措施等场景，通过多模态语篇引导学生掌握安全知识与生存技能。例如，教材中的阅读文本《Earthquake Survival Guide》详细介绍了地震中“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢”（Drop, Cover, Hold on）的自救步骤，同时结合图示展示室内外避险要点。 1. 主题内涵 核心价值：通过语言学习培养安全意识与应急能力。 安全防护：学习识别危险（如火灾隐患、电器故障），掌握基础自救方法。例如： “Install smoke detectors on each floor of your house to detect fire early.”（在房屋每层安装烟雾报警器以早期发现火灾） 危机应对：通过阅读了解自然灾害（地震、洪水）的科学应对策略。例如： “During an earthquake, stay away from windows and heavy furniture that could fall.”（地震时远离窗户和可能掉落的重物） 2. 素养体现 批判性思维：分析安全建议的合理性。例如，对比不同地震应对方案，判断“躲在桌子下”与“承重墙墙角”的适用场景。 社会责任：通过小组合作设计《校园安全手册》，向低年级学生普及急救知识，体现“安全共享”理念。 文化意识：了解不同国家的安全文化差异。例如，日本家庭必备“防灾应急包”（disaster preparedness kit），而中国更强调社区联防机制。 3. 策略要求 信息定位：通过扫读（scanning）快速查找关键步骤。例如，在《First Aid for Burns》文本中定位“Cool the burn under running water for 10 minutes”的急救流程。 因果推理：分析灾害后果与预防措施的关联。例如，理解“Leaking gas can cause explosions, so check pipes regularly”（燃气泄漏可能引发爆炸，需定期检查管道）的逻辑关系。 图文结合：通过图示理解“心肺复苏术”（CPR）的操作步骤，辅助文字信息的理解。 4. 文化品质 生命至上：通过阅读《Miracle Recovery》（昏迷患者苏醒案例），体会“不放弃生命希望”的人文精神。 科学素养：区分“谣言”与“科学事实”。例如，揭穿“地震前动物异常行为是前兆”的伪科学说法，强调依赖专业预警系统的重要性。 全球视野：对比中西方应急教育差异，如美国学校每月的消防演练（fire drill）与中国的“全国防灾减灾日”（National Disaster Prevention Day）。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 （1）分类词汇 自然灾害：earthquake, flood, typhoon, landslide, volcanic eruption 安全措施：emergency exit, fire extinguisher, first-aid kit, life jacket, helmet 动作行为：evacuate, shelter, rescue, survive, collapse 状态描述：panic, calm, stable, unconscious, trapped 工具设备：gas mask, flashlight, whistle, stretcher, defibrillator （2）高频短语 Stay calm（保持冷静） Call for help（呼救） Follow instructions（听从指示） Turn off the gas（关闭燃气） Check for injuries（检查伤情） 2. 主题句式 安全建议： You should keep a fire extinguisher near the kitchen.（厨房附近应放置灭火器） It’s better to prepare an emergency plan with your family.（最好与家人制定应急计划） 条件句： If you smell gas, open the windows immediately and don’t use any electrical devices.（闻到燃气味时立即开窗，勿用电器） Unless the bleeding stops, apply pressure to the wound.（除非出血停止，否则持续按压伤口） 被动语态： The injured were taken to hospital by ambulance.（伤者被救护车送往医院） The earthquake warning system is being upgraded nationwide.（全国地震预警系统正在升级） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测与验证（Predicting & Verifying） 【应用场景】例如，引导学生通过图片（海岸退潮、船只搁浅）预测文章内容，再通过略读（skimming）验证猜想。 【示例问题】 What might happen after the ocean water suddenly recedes?（海水突然退去后可能发生什么？） Why do experts advise moving to higher ground immediately?（为何专家建议立即转移至高地？） 2. 因果链分析（Cause-Effect Analysis） 【操作方法】例如，用思维导图梳理洪水成因（如暴雨、排水系统故障）与后果（房屋损毁、疾病传播），并标注预防措施。 【文本实例】 Heavy rainfall caused the river to overflow, leading to widespread flooding.（暴雨导致河水泛滥，引发大面积洪水） Planting trees along riverbanks can reduce soil erosion and prevent floods.（河岸植树可减少水土流失，预防洪水） 综合实战演练 1 Floods often happen after or during heavy rain. Too much water can cause damage (损害) to homes and roads and can even wash cars away. More importantly, floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. If a flood happens suddenly without getting prepared, people may have no way to run. The weather report helps people prepare for heavy rain and floods, people try to protect their things by putting sandbags (沙袋) in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes. Floods are more likely to come to lower places, so people living in lower areas or near rivers are more likely to be in danger. If the heavy rain is reported early, these areas will be saved before the floods arrive. Some scientists say that because of global warming (全球变暖), more places may have heavy rain and floods, because it’s difficult to stop the floods, scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly. Floods can happen quickly in many parts of the world. We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before they begin. So how can we face floods? First, stay away from water. Then, get to higher ground during the floods. Finally, go back home carefully. There could be something dangerous in the dirty water that washes into your room. Clean your home as soon as possible after the flood is gone. 1．What do people use to protect their homes from floods, according to the passage? A．Rocks. B．Sandbags. C．Wooden boards. D．Boats. 2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the scientists B．the rain C．the floods D．the ways 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The damage caused by floods. B．The cause of floods. C．Scientists’ study of floods. D．Ways to face floods. 4．Which statement is NOT true? A．Floods often happen after or during heavy rain. B．Floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. C．It’s easy to stop the floods. D．We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before floods begin. 2 A flood disaster (洪水灾害)Place: Shuiyun Village                                                                                      Date: May 10th Weather:   The flood: The flood first appeared in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes, 10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: Mr. Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. Mrs. Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. Eric Smith was playing computer games. Annie Smith was playing the piano. Action: Policemen arrived there on the second day. People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Shuiyun Village. 5．When did the heavy rain start on May 10th? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. D．At midnight. 6．How many people lost their lives in the flood? A．10. B．15. C．50. D．200. 7．What was Annie doing when the flood came? A． B． C． D． 8．What can’t we find in the passage? A．The flood area. B．The date of the flood. C．When the flood stopped. D．What people were doing. 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．The flood came from the north. B．Mr. Smith has only one child. C．The police arrived on May 9th. D．Many people from other places offered help. 3 Create a Family Escape Plan1. Set at least two exits (出口) for every room. 2. Practice the “Fall and Crawl (爬)” to each exit of the home. Air is more clear close to the ground during a fire.3. Choose a family meeting place outside. A large tree or other places safely away from the house. Practice going to the tree.4. Call 119. ·Do not go back inside FOR ANY REASON. ·Do not try to put the fire out. If your clothes are on FIRE: 1. Drop. 2. Cover. If possible, cover with a blanket or jacket!3. Roll on the floor. In Case of FIRECall 119. When FIRE StartsDon’t Hide! Go Outside AT ONCE! Never, Never, Never play with Fire! 10．In order to escape in the fire, we should find ________ exit(s) in each room. A．one B．two C．three D．four 11．You should roll on the floor when you ________. A．have fire on clothes B．see the fire starts C．meet your family D．play with the match 12．What should you do if a fire breaks out according to this passage? A． B． C． D． 13．Which activity is RIGHT when there is a fire? A．Try to put the fire out. B．Go back inside to take money. C．Fall and crawl to the exit. D．Stand up and run up to top. 14．We may read this text from the section of ________ in a newspaper. A．Culture B．Cooking C．Travel D．Safety 4 ①On October 9th, Hurricane Milton became the fifth hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict them. AI is playing an important role in this work. ②For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. ③One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. ④In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, told people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. ⑤Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s still not good enough. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts,” he said. 15．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 16．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Very famous. B．Very similar. C．Very common. D．Very important. 17．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still need help from humans. C．It will do all the work and take human meteorologists’ place. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 18．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．①②③/④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 5 When summer comes, floods (洪水) can easily happen. If a flood happens, what should we do? Here are some tips.                                                    Before the flood: ●Prepare an emergency kit (应急包). Keep it in an easy-to-reach place.It should include things such as water, canned food, a flashlight and some medicine. ●Prepare waterproof (防水的) clothing and a life vest (救生衣). ●Put your important things in waterproof bags and keep them somewhere safe. During the flood: ●Head to higher ground and stay there. ●Don’t try to walk or drive through flooded areas, as they can be deeper than you thought. ●Leave your car. It won’t help you if it stops in the water. After the flood: ●Keep following the latest news. ●Watch out for infections (传染病) after a flood. ●Don’t turn on the lights until they are fully dry. ●Don’t use or touch anything that the water touched, including food. 19．What should we put in an emergency kit before a flood? A．Some toys. B．Some books. C．Some medicine. 20．When a flood happens, what can we do? A．Watch out for infections before a flood. B．Turn on the lights when they are fully dry. C．Try to walk or drive through flooded areas. 6 Recently, people around the world have been experiencing the hottest weather ever recorded. In some places, the weather has been so hot that it’s been dangerous. This extreme (极端的) weather is caused by climate (气候) change. In the northern part of the world, summer begins in late June. June 2023 was the hottest June ever recorded. From the United States, to Europe, to Africa, and to Asia, huge numbers of people are dealing with extremely high temperatures. In the US, places like Arizona, California and Texas are all facing unusually high temperatures. Europe is being hit by two heat waves in a row. Many European countries, especially Greece, Italy, and Spain, are also feeling the high heat. China is facing unbelievably high temperatures as well. The capital, Beijing, has recently seen temperatures above 40℃ . The Xinjiang area of China has set a new record by hitting 52℃. The heat is not just influencing the land. The water temperature of Florida’s south coast has gone above 32℃ . The unusually high ocean temperature can be even more harmful to sea life than to humans. Scientists have long predicted that heat waves would grow more common as a result of global warming. That’s surely part of what’s going on now. The scientists also warn that unless people start to take action, things will certainly get worse. 21．What can we know from the passage? A．Many countries are facing high temperatures. B．In 2023, the temperature in Beijing reached 52℃ . C．High temperatures can be more harmful to humans than to sea life. D．The scientists didn’t know why heat waves grew so common. 22．Which is the structure of this passage? (①: Paragraph 1, ②: Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 23．What might the writer write about in the next paragraph? A．How to deal with global warming. B．Different kinds of extreme weather. C．The temperature records in the past. D．The heat that is harmful to the environment. 7 A long time ago, floods (洪水) often happened. The flood buried (掩埋) the lands and broke the houses. People felt that they were living in danger every day. The flood really hurt a lot of people, so people began to think about how to solve this problem. At that time, a man named Gun led people to control the flood. All he did was to build the dams (坝) to keep the water out of villages. Nine years later, there were still floods. His son Yu went on controlling the flood. In order to control the flood, Yu didn’t return home for thirteen years. In the past thirteen years, he ran everywhere, passing by his home three times. But he never walked into it to have a look. In his opinion, nothing was more important than what he was doing. Yu learned from the experience of Gun’s and came up with a better way to control the flood. Together with many people, he dredged (疏浚) many rivers. So the flood could pass through the rivers and then go into the sea. The flood finally died down and people moved their homes back. 24．How did Gun control the floods? A．He led people to build dams. B．He ran to look for lands. C．He led people to move away. D．He repaired broken houses. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yu continued Gun’s work eight years later. B．Yu didn’t return home for thirty years. C．Yu passed by his home three times a year. D．Yu found better ways to control floods. 26．From the passage we can know that ________ is the best way to control the flood. A．calling on people B．working with family C．dredging rivers D．building some dams 8 Yesterday I had one of the most terrible experiences of my life! A storm arose during the day. I got up and looked out of the window of our hotel. I listened to the thunder and watched the lightning. It wasn’t scary at that time—it was exciting! But then I looked at my phone and saw the news that a hurricane was coming. I asked my dad what a hurricane was and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry because a hurricane was just a big storm. We stayed in our hotel room and by the afternoon, there was even more rain. And the winds were getting stronger and stronger. In the evening, a hotel worker asked all the visitors to go to the dining hall. When we were all inside, we put tables in front of the doors and then we got down on the floor together in the corner. We waited and waited. The winds got louder, the rain became heavier and then it suddenly went dark. I was so scared that I held my dad’s hand. We stayed there for a long time. Finally, morning arrived. ▲ I felt so happy that we were safe. I hope I will never have a night like that again. 27．The writer learned what a hurricane is ______. A．from his father B．from a visitor C．on his phone D．on the computer 28．Which sentence is best for “ ▲ ” in the last paragraph? A．I was so nervous. B．My room was in a mess. C．I went to the hotel again. D．The storm was over. 29．How did the writer’s feelings change in the passage? A．Scared→excited→worried→happy. B．Worried→excited→happy→scared. C．Excited→worried→scared→happy. D．Happy→excited→worried→scared. 9 ①Hail (冰雹), also called hailstorm, is a form of precipitation (降水形式)—like rain or snow—that is made up of ice. Hailstorms may happen all year long. Hail can even form in summer as long as the storms are strong. ②Hailstorms often visit the United States. The area where Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming meet is known as “Hail Alley” and they suffer seven to nine hail days every year. It’s hard to tell exactly when a hailstorm might come. ③Hailstorms are very dangerous. They can cause lots of damage (破坏) to people, buildings, cars, plants and animals. In fact, hailstorms can even cause deaths. For example, a hailstorm killed around 1,000 English soldiers in 1360. So we should know how to stay safe during it. ④One way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year, and one of them must be helmets. They can help you save your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm. You should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety. ⑤What’s more, make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows. If possible, find a room at least one level down from the top of the house. Finally, if you get caught outside in a hail storm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: stay out of lowland areas, because they could be filled with water. And don’t forget to avoid trees. 30．What does the underlined word “helmets” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Thick coats. B．Big knives. C．Hard hats. D．Light umbrellas. 31．How many ways of staying safe during a hailstorm are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 32．What may be the right reason why you should stay away from trees when a hailstorm is outside? A．The broken branch (树枝) falls and it may hit you. B．There is more rain under the trees. C．The trees are not beautiful because of the hailstorm. D．The tree leaves will drop on the head. 33．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10 ①There is a saying that “earthquakes don’t kill people, buildings do.” It seems sadly true. Thousands of people died under the fallen buildings in Turkey and Syria during the recent earthquakes. Is there a way to build earthquake-proof buildings? Engineers have some life-saving ideas. “Lift” the house up ②To stop earthquake waves from going through the building, one way is to “lift” the building above the ground, according to the company BigRenz in the US. The building can be built on top of pads (垫状物), which are usually made up of steel and rubber. During earthquakes, only the pads move and the building stays nearly the same. Right materials ③Earthquake-proof materials (材料) must be easy to change their shapes without breaking. Some of these materials include steel, wood and bamboo. In Japan, most traditional houses are built with wood because it’s safer when an earthquake comes. ④Triangles (三角形) are very strong shapes. When a force comes to one of the sides of the triangles, it will be weaker and less harmful. During the earthquake, triangles can hold the building together when it shakes. Many earthquake-proof buildings use this shape in their design, both inside and outside. ⑤Engineers are now trying their best to keep building standing stronger, and the possibility of creativity is highly expected. 34．What are “earthquake-proof buildings” like? A．They can kill people in earthquakes. B．They are strong enough to stand earthquakes. C．They can be easily broken in earthquakes. D．They are all built with wood instead of steel. 35．Why can the pads help buildings stay steady(平稳的) in an earthquake? A．Because they can stop the ground movement at once. B．Because they can lift up buildings far from the ground. C．Because they can stop earthquake waves moving through buildings. D．Because they can’t move and stay nearly the same. 36．What does Paragraph 4 talk about? A．Triangles are the most common shape for buildings. B．Triangles are the weakest shape during earthquakes. C．Triangles are strong shapes that can hold buildings together during earthquakes. D．Triangles are the easiest shape to build with. 37．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 11 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away people’s lives. Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应). When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U. A．E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage (破坏). To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect (尊重) it. 38．How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 39．What kind of damage can an earthquake probably cause? A．It can blow down a lot of trees overnight. B．It can make buildings fall and kill people. C．It can flood many places like roads and airports. D．It can make plants die because of too little water. 40．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? Mini-dictionary Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true. A．Fact—Opinion—Way B．Fact—Way—Opinion C．Opinion—Fact—Reason D．Opinion—Reason—Fact 41．What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B．How we can respect nature and live better with it. C．Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D．Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous. 12 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 42．What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 43．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 44．The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 45．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. 13 Smokey Bear is famous for warning against forest fires, but for most US homeowners, grass fires are actually more of a threat. Forest fires are well known for their violence (猛烈). However, after analyzing the locations of homes within wildfire boundaries (边界) since the 1990s, a new study published in Science found they were responsible for just 33 percent of houses destroyed by wildfires in the early 2000s. In contrast, 64 percent of such houses were destroyed by grassland fires. This is because even though forest fires are more destructive to buildings and the number of forest fires has increased, much more buildings burned by wildfires were built in grasslands, the researchers found. There are twice as many homes within wildfire boundaries today as there were 30 years ago, according to the study. Two factors have resulted in the situation. Fifty—three percent of this effect could be explained by an increasing amount of the burned areas: wildfires are more common and violent than they used to be. The other forty—seven percent was caused by the increased expansion of homes into what experts call the wildland urban (城市的) interface(WUI),where houses are against natural areas. Homeowners in forested areas are often relatively well aware of their fire risk, says Sarah Anderson, a professor of environmental politics at the University of California Santa Barbara. But people living in a grassy space may not realize the danger. “This paper probably implies we need to do a lot more public education,” Anderson says. There are ways to augment the survival rate, says Yana Valachovic, forest adviser and county director at the University of California Cooperative Extension. For example, homeowners can protect themselves by blocking vent openings so that fire can`t land in eaves, pulling plants and wood coverings away from ground and using metal fences to replace wood ones. 46．Why did grassland fires destroy more houses than forest fires? A．There were less and less forest fires. B．More burnt houses were in grasslands. C．Forest fires were less destructive to houses. D．The houses in grasslands were of lower quality. 47．What may cause increased homes in wildfire boundaries according to the text? A．Reduced urban areas. B．Less houses into WUI. C．More violent wildfires. D．Increased love for nature. 48．What need homeowners in grasslands do according to Anderson? A．Warn themselves of forest fires. B．Move their houses to forested areas. C．Increase their awareness of fire risk. D．Reduce the destruction of grasslands. 49．What does the underlined word “augment” mean in the last paragraph? A．Test. B．Control. C．Compare. D．Increase. 14 ①Have you ever heard that groundhogs can predict (预测) the end of winter? How about that elephants never forget things? Or that dogs can smell the strange? That may not be 100% true. However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans. ②Do animals have a sixth sense that can tell the future? That may sound out of this world. However, many events seem to support this idea. ③Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece. Buildings came down. Many people were hurt. But there was something amazing. The city’s animals acted strangely days before the earthquake. Rats and snakes ran from the city in groups. Did they know an earthquake was coming? In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government. Why? They believed a disaster was coming. They thought this, in part, because of animals’ strange behaviours. Just days later, a large earthquake hit the city. Experts (专家) said 150,000 could have lost their lives if people stayed in the city at that time. In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange. Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island. ④Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen. Bees are known to find places before it rains. Dairy farmers say they can tell a big storm is coming when their cows lie down. Cats and dogs are also said to know when a storm is on its way, as are birds and turtles. Can animals really tell the future? ⑤Experts say it’s unlikely (不可能的) that animals can tell the future. However, they might hear or feel the earthquake before people do. Even though scientists have not proved animals have the ability to predict disasters before they happen and animals’ predictions aren’t always right, it’s not bad to pay attention to the animals. 50．According to the passage, we know many animals ________. A．can tell the future in different ways B．have better sense abilities than humans C．act strangely after some natural disasters D．use the sixth sense to predict earthquakes 51．The word “behaviours” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．actions B．senses C．ideas D．feelings 52．How many examples do the writer use in Paragraph 3 to support the idea that animals can tell the future? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four D．Five. 53．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Animals are good at helping farmers. B．Animals are good at finding their homes. C．Animals seem to know the future problems. D．Animals seem to know the weather changes. 54．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Can Animals Predict the Future? B．Do Animals Have Stronger Senses? C．How Do Animals Save People’s Life? D．What Are Animals’ Ways to Tell the Future? ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 8 Safe and sound主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 本单元以“Safe and sound”为核心，聚焦自然灾害应对、家庭安全、急救措施等场景，通过多模态语篇引导学生掌握安全知识与生存技能。例如，教材中的阅读文本《Earthquake Survival Guide》详细介绍了地震中“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢”（Drop, Cover, Hold on）的自救步骤，同时结合图示展示室内外避险要点。 1. 主题内涵 核心价值：通过语言学习培养安全意识与应急能力。 安全防护：学习识别危险（如火灾隐患、电器故障），掌握基础自救方法。例如： “Install smoke detectors on each floor of your house to detect fire early.”（在房屋每层安装烟雾报警器以早期发现火灾） 危机应对：通过阅读了解自然灾害（地震、洪水）的科学应对策略。例如： “During an earthquake, stay away from windows and heavy furniture that could fall.”（地震时远离窗户和可能掉落的重物） 2. 素养体现 批判性思维：分析安全建议的合理性。例如，对比不同地震应对方案，判断“躲在桌子下”与“承重墙墙角”的适用场景。 社会责任：通过小组合作设计《校园安全手册》，向低年级学生普及急救知识，体现“安全共享”理念。 文化意识：了解不同国家的安全文化差异。例如，日本家庭必备“防灾应急包”（disaster preparedness kit），而中国更强调社区联防机制。 3. 策略要求 信息定位：通过扫读（scanning）快速查找关键步骤。例如，在《First Aid for Burns》文本中定位“Cool the burn under running water for 10 minutes”的急救流程。 因果推理：分析灾害后果与预防措施的关联。例如，理解“Leaking gas can cause explosions, so check pipes regularly”（燃气泄漏可能引发爆炸，需定期检查管道）的逻辑关系。 图文结合：通过图示理解“心肺复苏术”（CPR）的操作步骤，辅助文字信息的理解。 4. 文化品质 生命至上：通过阅读《Miracle Recovery》（昏迷患者苏醒案例），体会“不放弃生命希望”的人文精神。 科学素养：区分“谣言”与“科学事实”。例如，揭穿“地震前动物异常行为是前兆”的伪科学说法，强调依赖专业预警系统的重要性。 全球视野：对比中西方应急教育差异，如美国学校每月的消防演练（fire drill）与中国的“全国防灾减灾日”（National Disaster Prevention Day）。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 （1）分类词汇 自然灾害：earthquake, flood, typhoon, landslide, volcanic eruption 安全措施：emergency exit, fire extinguisher, first-aid kit, life jacket, helmet 动作行为：evacuate, shelter, rescue, survive, collapse 状态描述：panic, calm, stable, unconscious, trapped 工具设备：gas mask, flashlight, whistle, stretcher, defibrillator （2）高频短语 Stay calm（保持冷静） Call for help（呼救） Follow instructions（听从指示） Turn off the gas（关闭燃气） Check for injuries（检查伤情） 2. 主题句式 安全建议： You should keep a fire extinguisher near the kitchen.（厨房附近应放置灭火器） It’s better to prepare an emergency plan with your family.（最好与家人制定应急计划） 条件句： If you smell gas, open the windows immediately and don’t use any electrical devices.（闻到燃气味时立即开窗，勿用电器） Unless the bleeding stops, apply pressure to the wound.（除非出血停止，否则持续按压伤口） 被动语态： The injured were taken to hospital by ambulance.（伤者被救护车送往医院） The earthquake warning system is being upgraded nationwide.（全国地震预警系统正在升级） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测与验证（Predicting & Verifying） 【应用场景】例如，引导学生通过图片（海岸退潮、船只搁浅）预测文章内容，再通过略读（skimming）验证猜想。 【示例问题】 What might happen after the ocean water suddenly recedes?（海水突然退去后可能发生什么？） Why do experts advise moving to higher ground immediately?（为何专家建议立即转移至高地？） 2. 因果链分析（Cause-Effect Analysis） 【操作方法】例如，用思维导图梳理洪水成因（如暴雨、排水系统故障）与后果（房屋损毁、疾病传播），并标注预防措施。 【文本实例】 Heavy rainfall caused the river to overflow, leading to widespread flooding.（暴雨导致河水泛滥，引发大面积洪水） Planting trees along riverbanks can reduce soil erosion and prevent floods.（河岸植树可减少水土流失，预防洪水） 综合实战演练 1 Floods often happen after or during heavy rain. Too much water can cause damage (损害) to homes and roads and can even wash cars away. More importantly, floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. If a flood happens suddenly without getting prepared, people may have no way to run. The weather report helps people prepare for heavy rain and floods, people try to protect their things by putting sandbags (沙袋) in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes. Floods are more likely to come to lower places, so people living in lower areas or near rivers are more likely to be in danger. If the heavy rain is reported early, these areas will be saved before the floods arrive. Some scientists say that because of global warming (全球变暖), more places may have heavy rain and floods, because it’s difficult to stop the floods, scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly. Floods can happen quickly in many parts of the world. We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before they begin. So how can we face floods? First, stay away from water. Then, get to higher ground during the floods. Finally, go back home carefully. There could be something dangerous in the dirty water that washes into your room. Clean your home as soon as possible after the flood is gone. 1．What do people use to protect their homes from floods, according to the passage? A．Rocks. B．Sandbags. C．Wooden boards. D．Boats. 2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the scientists B．the rain C．the floods D．the ways 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The damage caused by floods. B．The cause of floods. C．Scientists’ study of floods. D．Ways to face floods. 4．Which statement is NOT true? A．Floods often happen after or during heavy rain. B．Floods can be very dangerous to people’s lives as well. C．It’s easy to stop the floods. D．We need to prepare earlier and act quickly before floods begin. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了洪水的危害、预防措施以及应对方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“people try to protect their things by putting sandbags in front of their doors to stop water from coming into their homes”可知，人们用沙袋挡在门前防止洪水进入家中。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“scientists spend time on ways of finding them earlier so that people can run away quickly”中的“them”指代前文提到的“floods”，因为科学家致力于更早发现洪水，以便人们快速逃离。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。文章最后一段主要介绍了应对洪水的具体方法，如远离洪水、前往高处、洪水退去后小心清理家中等。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“it’s difficult to stop the floods”可知，阻止洪水很困难，而选项C“It’s easy to stop the floods”与此矛盾。故选C。 2 A flood disaster (洪水灾害)Place: Shuiyun Village                                                                                      Date: May 10th Weather:   The flood: The flood first appeared in the south of the village, and soon it covered the whole village. About 50 houses fell down and about 200 people lost their homes, 10 people died in the flood and about 15 people were missing. When the flood came: Mr. Smith was reading newspapers on the sofa. Mrs. Smith was washing clothes in the bathroom. Eric Smith was playing computer games. Annie Smith was playing the piano. Action: Policemen arrived there on the second day. People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Shuiyun Village. 5．When did the heavy rain start on May 10th? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. D．At midnight. 6．How many people lost their lives in the flood? A．10. B．15. C．50. D．200. 7．What was Annie doing when the flood came? A． B． C． D． 8．What can’t we find in the passage? A．The flood area. B．The date of the flood. C．When the flood stopped. D．What people were doing. 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．The flood came from the north. B．Mr. Smith has only one child. C．The police arrived on May 9th. D．Many people from other places offered help. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 【解析】本文是关于水云村5月10日洪水灾害的记录，包括洪水发生的地点、日期、受灾情况、洪水来临时史密斯一家的活动以及外界的救援行动等信息。 5．细节理解题。根据图片可知，大雨是在5月10号下午3:00开始的。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“10 people died in the flood”可知，10人在洪水中丧生。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“Annie Smith was playing the piano.”可知，安妮当时正在弹钢琴。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Place: Shuiyun Village”和“Date: May 10th”以及史密斯一家人的活动可知，文中提到了洪水发生的地区、日期、人们的活动，但未提及洪水停止的时间。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据“People from other villages sent clothes, food and water to Shuiyun Village.” 可知，其他村庄的人提供了帮助。故选D。 3 Create a Family Escape Plan1. Set at least two exits (出口) for every room. 2. Practice the “Fall and Crawl (爬)” to each exit of the home. Air is more clear close to the ground during a fire.3. Choose a family meeting place outside. A large tree or other places safely away from the house. Practice going to the tree.4. Call 119. ·Do not go back inside FOR ANY REASON. ·Do not try to put the fire out. If your clothes are on FIRE: 1. Drop. 2. Cover. If possible, cover with a blanket or jacket!3. Roll on the floor. In Case of FIRECall 119. When FIRE StartsDon’t Hide! Go Outside AT ONCE! Never, Never, Never play with Fire! 10．In order to escape in the fire, we should find ________ exit(s) in each room. A．one B．two C．three D．four 11．You should roll on the floor when you ________. A．have fire on clothes B．see the fire starts C．meet your family D．play with the match 12．What should you do if a fire breaks out according to this passage? A． B． C． D． 13．Which activity is RIGHT when there is a fire? A．Try to put the fire out. B．Go back inside to take money. C．Fall and crawl to the exit. D．Stand up and run up to top. 14．We may read this text from the section of ________ in a newspaper. A．Culture B．Cooking C．Travel D．Safety 【答案】10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了火灾发生时的逃生方法和注意事项，包括设置逃生出口、逃生姿势、家庭集合地点以及火灾发生时的正确应对措施等。 10．细节理解题。根据“Set at least two exits (出口) for every room.”可知，为了在火灾中逃生，每个房间应至少设置两个出口。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据“If your clothes are on FIRE: 1. Drop. 2. Cover. If possible, cover with a blanket or jacket! 3. Roll on the floor.”可知，当衣服着火时，应该在地上打滚。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“In Case of FIRE Call 119.”以及“When FIRE Starts Don’t Hide! Go Outside AT ONCE!”可知，火灾发生时应拨打119并立刻出去，选项B图片符合。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“Practice the ‘Fall and Crawl (爬)’ to each exit of the home. Air is more clear close to the ground during a fire.”可知，火灾发生时，匍匐前进到出口是正确的做法。故选C。 14．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是火灾逃生计划和消防安全知识，属于安全范畴。故选D。 4 ①On October 9th, Hurricane Milton became the fifth hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict them. AI is playing an important role in this work. ②For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. ③One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. ④In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, told people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. ⑤Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s still not good enough. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts,” he said. 15．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 16．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Very famous. B．Very similar. C．Very common. D．Very important. 17．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still need help from humans. C．It will do all the work and take human meteorologists’ place. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 18．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．①②③/④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 【答案】15．A 16．D 17．B 18．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了人工智能在天气预报中的应用。 15．细节理解题。根据“But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened.”可知，人工智能模型在预测方面更快。故选A。 16．词句猜测题。根据“Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s still not good enough.”可知，尽管人工智能很有帮助，并取得了重大成功，但它仍然不够好。这里significant的意思是“重大的、重要的”。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. ‘We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts,’ he said.”可知，人工智能将更准确，但仍需要人类的帮助。故选B。 18．篇章结构题。根据全文可知。第一段是通过一个例子来引出话题；第二段主要介绍了人工智能在天气预报中的应用；第三段和第四段主要介绍了两个人工智能程序；第五段介绍了人工智能的不足之处。故选C。 5 When summer comes, floods (洪水) can easily happen. If a flood happens, what should we do? Here are some tips.                                                    Before the flood: ●Prepare an emergency kit (应急包). Keep it in an easy-to-reach place.It should include things such as water, canned food, a flashlight and some medicine. ●Prepare waterproof (防水的) clothing and a life vest (救生衣). ●Put your important things in waterproof bags and keep them somewhere safe. During the flood: ●Head to higher ground and stay there. ●Don’t try to walk or drive through flooded areas, as they can be deeper than you thought. ●Leave your car. It won’t help you if it stops in the water. After the flood: ●Keep following the latest news. ●Watch out for infections (传染病) after a flood. ●Don’t turn on the lights until they are fully dry. ●Don’t use or touch anything that the water touched, including food. 19．What should we put in an emergency kit before a flood? A．Some toys. B．Some books. C．Some medicine. 20．When a flood happens, what can we do? A．Watch out for infections before a flood. B．Turn on the lights when they are fully dry. C．Try to walk or drive through flooded areas. 【答案】19．C 20．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洪水来临前、发生时以及发生后的应对建议。 19．细节理解题。根据“Before the flood”部分中“It should include things such as water, canned food, a flashlight and some medicine.”可知，洪水来临前，我们应该在应急包里放些药品。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据“After the flood”部分中“Don’t turn on the lights until they are fully dry.”可知，洪水发生时，我们可以在灯完全干了之后再打开。故选B。 6 Recently, people around the world have been experiencing the hottest weather ever recorded. In some places, the weather has been so hot that it’s been dangerous. This extreme (极端的) weather is caused by climate (气候) change. In the northern part of the world, summer begins in late June. June 2023 was the hottest June ever recorded. From the United States, to Europe, to Africa, and to Asia, huge numbers of people are dealing with extremely high temperatures. In the US, places like Arizona, California and Texas are all facing unusually high temperatures. Europe is being hit by two heat waves in a row. Many European countries, especially Greece, Italy, and Spain, are also feeling the high heat. China is facing unbelievably high temperatures as well. The capital, Beijing, has recently seen temperatures above 40℃ . The Xinjiang area of China has set a new record by hitting 52℃. The heat is not just influencing the land. The water temperature of Florida’s south coast has gone above 32℃ . The unusually high ocean temperature can be even more harmful to sea life than to humans. Scientists have long predicted that heat waves would grow more common as a result of global warming. That’s surely part of what’s going on now. The scientists also warn that unless people start to take action, things will certainly get worse. 21．What can we know from the passage? A．Many countries are facing high temperatures. B．In 2023, the temperature in Beijing reached 52℃ . C．High temperatures can be more harmful to humans than to sea life. D．The scientists didn’t know why heat waves grew so common. 22．Which is the structure of this passage? (①: Paragraph 1, ②: Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 23．What might the writer write about in the next paragraph? A．How to deal with global warming. B．Different kinds of extreme weather. C．The temperature records in the past. D．The heat that is harmful to the environment. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了最近，世界各地的人们都经历了有史以来最热的天气，这种极端天气是由气候变化引起的。 21．细节理解题。根据“From the United States, to Europe, to Africa, and to Asia, huge numbers of people are dealing with extremely high temperatures.”可知，从美国到欧洲，再到非洲和亚洲，大量的人正在应对极端高温， 所以很多国家都正在经历高温。故选A。 22．篇章结构题。第一段引出话题；第二至第四段介绍了全球高温的现状以及影响；第五段介绍了科学家警告人们要开始采取行动。结合选项可知，选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据“The scientists also warn that unless people start to take action, things will certainly get worse.”可知，科学家警告人们应该开始采取行动，故接下来可能会介绍如何应对全球变暖。故选A。 7 A long time ago, floods (洪水) often happened. The flood buried (掩埋) the lands and broke the houses. People felt that they were living in danger every day. The flood really hurt a lot of people, so people began to think about how to solve this problem. At that time, a man named Gun led people to control the flood. All he did was to build the dams (坝) to keep the water out of villages. Nine years later, there were still floods. His son Yu went on controlling the flood. In order to control the flood, Yu didn’t return home for thirteen years. In the past thirteen years, he ran everywhere, passing by his home three times. But he never walked into it to have a look. In his opinion, nothing was more important than what he was doing. Yu learned from the experience of Gun’s and came up with a better way to control the flood. Together with many people, he dredged (疏浚) many rivers. So the flood could pass through the rivers and then go into the sea. The flood finally died down and people moved their homes back. 24．How did Gun control the floods? A．He led people to build dams. B．He ran to look for lands. C．He led people to move away. D．He repaired broken houses. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yu continued Gun’s work eight years later. B．Yu didn’t return home for thirty years. C．Yu passed by his home three times a year. D．Yu found better ways to control floods. 26．From the passage we can know that ________ is the best way to control the flood. A．calling on people B．working with family C．dredging rivers D．building some dams 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了大禹父子治水的故事，重点对比了鲧筑坝堵水和禹疏浚河道的不同治水方法及其效果。 24．细节理解题。根据文章“All he did was to build the dams to keep the water out of villages.”可知，鲧通过筑坝阻挡洪水。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据文章“Yu learned from the experience of Gun’s and came up with a better way to control the flood.”可知，禹吸取鲧的教训并找到了更好的治水方法。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据文章“All he did was to build the dams (坝) to keep the water out of villages. Nine years later, there were still floods.”和“Together with many people, he dredged (疏浚) many rivers...The flood finally died down and people moved their homes back.”可知，鲧通过筑坝阻挡洪水，九年后仍有洪水，但是禹与众人合力疏浚多条河道后，洪水退去，百姓重返家园，由此可知疏浚河道是最好的治水方法。故选C。 8 Yesterday I had one of the most terrible experiences of my life! A storm arose during the day. I got up and looked out of the window of our hotel. I listened to the thunder and watched the lightning. It wasn’t scary at that time—it was exciting! But then I looked at my phone and saw the news that a hurricane was coming. I asked my dad what a hurricane was and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry because a hurricane was just a big storm. We stayed in our hotel room and by the afternoon, there was even more rain. And the winds were getting stronger and stronger. In the evening, a hotel worker asked all the visitors to go to the dining hall. When we were all inside, we put tables in front of the doors and then we got down on the floor together in the corner. We waited and waited. The winds got louder, the rain became heavier and then it suddenly went dark. I was so scared that I held my dad’s hand. We stayed there for a long time. Finally, morning arrived. ▲ I felt so happy that we were safe. I hope I will never have a night like that again. 27．The writer learned what a hurricane is ______. A．from his father B．from a visitor C．on his phone D．on the computer 28．Which sentence is best for “ ▲ ” in the last paragraph? A．I was so nervous. B．My room was in a mess. C．I went to the hotel again. D．The storm was over. 29．How did the writer’s feelings change in the passage? A．Scared→excited→worried→happy. B．Worried→excited→happy→scared. C．Excited→worried→scared→happy. D．Happy→excited→worried→scared. 【答案】27．A 28．D 29．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了作者经历了一场可怕的飓风，从最初的兴奋到后来的恐惧，最终安全度过，感到庆幸。 27． 细节理解题。根据“I asked my dad what a hurricane is and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry because a hurricane is just a big storm.”可知，作者是从父亲那里了解到飓风的。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据前文描述风暴的猛烈以及最后一句“I felt so happy that we were safe.”可知，风暴已经结束。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据“It wasn’t scary at that time—it was exciting!”（兴奋）→“I asked my dad what a hurricane was and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry”（担忧）→“I was so scared that I held my dad’s hand.”（害怕）→“I felt so happy that we were safe.”（开心）可知，作者的情感变化是：兴奋→担忧→害怕→开心。故选C。 9 ①Hail (冰雹), also called hailstorm, is a form of precipitation (降水形式)—like rain or snow—that is made up of ice. Hailstorms may happen all year long. Hail can even form in summer as long as the storms are strong. ②Hailstorms often visit the United States. The area where Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming meet is known as “Hail Alley” and they suffer seven to nine hail days every year. It’s hard to tell exactly when a hailstorm might come. ③Hailstorms are very dangerous. They can cause lots of damage (破坏) to people, buildings, cars, plants and animals. In fact, hailstorms can even cause deaths. For example, a hailstorm killed around 1,000 English soldiers in 1360. So we should know how to stay safe during it. ④One way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year, and one of them must be helmets. They can help you save your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm. You should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety. ⑤What’s more, make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows. If possible, find a room at least one level down from the top of the house. Finally, if you get caught outside in a hail storm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: stay out of lowland areas, because they could be filled with water. And don’t forget to avoid trees. 30．What does the underlined word “helmets” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Thick coats. B．Big knives. C．Hard hats. D．Light umbrellas. 31．How many ways of staying safe during a hailstorm are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 32．What may be the right reason why you should stay away from trees when a hailstorm is outside? A．The broken branch (树枝) falls and it may hit you. B．There is more rain under the trees. C．The trees are not beautiful because of the hailstorm. D．The tree leaves will drop on the head. 33．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了冰雹的形成、危害以及如何在冰雹天气中保护自己。 30．词句猜测题。根据“They can help you save your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by heavy storm.”可知，helmets是用来保护头部的工具，选项C符合这一描述。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“One way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year”和“You should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety.”和“make sure you stay inside until the hail stops and stay away from windows.”以及“Finally, if you get caught outside in a hail storm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: stay out of lowland areas, because they could be filled with water. And don’t forget to avoid trees.”可以，文章提到了四种保护自己的方法：准备工具，尤其是头盔；为家人制定安全计划；待在室内，远离窗户；如果在户外，找到保护头部的东西，避免低洼地区和树木。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据“And don’t forget to avoid trees.”并结合常识可知，冰雹天气中，树木的树枝可能会断裂并砸到人，因此远离树木是为了避免被断裂的树枝击中。故选A。 33．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段介绍冰雹的定义和形成；第2段介绍冰雹在美国的常见地区；第3段介绍冰雹的危害；第4段和第5段介绍如何保护自己。选项C符合文章结构。故选C。 10 ①There is a saying that “earthquakes don’t kill people, buildings do.” It seems sadly true. Thousands of people died under the fallen buildings in Turkey and Syria during the recent earthquakes. Is there a way to build earthquake-proof buildings? Engineers have some life-saving ideas. “Lift” the house up ②To stop earthquake waves from going through the building, one way is to “lift” the building above the ground, according to the company BigRenz in the US. The building can be built on top of pads (垫状物), which are usually made up of steel and rubber. During earthquakes, only the pads move and the building stays nearly the same. Right materials ③Earthquake-proof materials (材料) must be easy to change their shapes without breaking. Some of these materials include steel, wood and bamboo. In Japan, most traditional houses are built with wood because it’s safer when an earthquake comes. ④Triangles (三角形) are very strong shapes. When a force comes to one of the sides of the triangles, it will be weaker and less harmful. During the earthquake, triangles can hold the building together when it shakes. Many earthquake-proof buildings use this shape in their design, both inside and outside. ⑤Engineers are now trying their best to keep building standing stronger, and the possibility of creativity is highly expected. 34．What are “earthquake-proof buildings” like? A．They can kill people in earthquakes. B．They are strong enough to stand earthquakes. C．They can be easily broken in earthquakes. D．They are all built with wood instead of steel. 35．Why can the pads help buildings stay steady(平稳的) in an earthquake? A．Because they can stop the ground movement at once. B．Because they can lift up buildings far from the ground. C．Because they can stop earthquake waves moving through buildings. D．Because they can’t move and stay nearly the same. 36．What does Paragraph 4 talk about? A．Triangles are the most common shape for buildings. B．Triangles are the weakest shape during earthquakes. C．Triangles are strong shapes that can hold buildings together during earthquakes. D．Triangles are the easiest shape to build with. 37．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 【答案】34．B 35．C 36．C 37．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了为了能够使得建筑物在地震中不对生命造成威胁，工程师们提出的一些拯救生命的想法。 34．推理判断题。通读全文可知，为了能够使得建筑物在地震中不对生命造成威胁，工程师们提出了“抬高”房屋、使用抗震材料、坚固的三角形等想法，由此推知，抗震建筑应该很坚固，能经受地震。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据“To stop earthquake waves from going through the building, one way is to ‘lift’ the building above the ground”可知，阻止地震波穿过建筑物的一种方法是将建筑物“抬起”到地面以上，所以垫状物能帮助建筑物在地震中保持平稳是因为它们可以阻止地震波穿过建筑物。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。根据第④段内容可知，三角形是非常坚固的形状，在地震期间，三角形可以在建筑物摇晃时将其固定在一起，因此，本段主要讲的是三角形是坚固的形状，可以在地震时将建筑物固定在一起。故选C。 37．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第①段提出问题——是否有建造抗震建筑的方法；第②③④段介绍了工程师给出的几个关键的抗震建筑理念，包括提升房屋、使用正确的材料和利用三角形的坚固性；第⑤段总结文章，表明工程师们正在努力并期待更多的创新性。故选A。 11 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away people’s lives. Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应). When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U. A．E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage (破坏). To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect (尊重) it. 38．How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 39．What kind of damage can an earthquake probably cause? A．It can blow down a lot of trees overnight. B．It can make buildings fall and kill people. C．It can flood many places like roads and airports. D．It can make plants die because of too little water. 40．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? Mini-dictionary Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true. A．Fact—Opinion—Way B．Fact—Way—Opinion C．Opinion—Fact—Reason D．Opinion—Reason—Fact 41．What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B．How we can respect nature and live better with it. C．Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D．Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous. 【答案】38．B 39．B 40．C 41．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了强风、地震、暴风雨等自然灾害的危害，以及人类应该如何应对它们。 38．细节理解题。根据“Strong winds...”、“When the earthquake happens...”和“Another example is rainstorms.”可知，文章一共提到了三种自然灾害的新闻。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据“When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground.”可知，地震会造成房屋的倒塌和人员的伤亡。故选B。 40．推理判断题。根据“Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling.”可知，本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常糟糕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。故选C。 41．推理判断题。根据“But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法，选项B“我们如何尊重大自然，更好地与之相处”符合。故选B。 12 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 42．What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 43．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 44．The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 45．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. 【答案】42．D 43．D 44．A 45．A 【解析】本文介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级分类及应对措施。 42．细节理解题。根据“These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air.”可知，龙卷风有时可以把房屋和汽车卷到空中。故选D。 43．推理判断题。根据“If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, ...”可知，第四段是关于龙卷风来临前应做的一些准备，D选项“应对龙卷风有很多不同的方法。”可以被放在第四段开头。故选D。 44．词句猜测题。根据“They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences.”可知，通过清除枯树或脆弱的栅栏来保持房屋和花园的清洁，“getting rid of”表示“扔掉”，与throwing同义。故选A。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级，接着对比了龙卷风和旋风的不同，最后提到了应对龙卷风的准备措施，整体是在向我们介绍龙卷风相关知识。故选A。 13 Smokey Bear is famous for warning against forest fires, but for most US homeowners, grass fires are actually more of a threat. Forest fires are well known for their violence (猛烈). However, after analyzing the locations of homes within wildfire boundaries (边界) since the 1990s, a new study published in Science found they were responsible for just 33 percent of houses destroyed by wildfires in the early 2000s. In contrast, 64 percent of such houses were destroyed by grassland fires. This is because even though forest fires are more destructive to buildings and the number of forest fires has increased, much more buildings burned by wildfires were built in grasslands, the researchers found. There are twice as many homes within wildfire boundaries today as there were 30 years ago, according to the study. Two factors have resulted in the situation. Fifty—three percent of this effect could be explained by an increasing amount of the burned areas: wildfires are more common and violent than they used to be. The other forty—seven percent was caused by the increased expansion of homes into what experts call the wildland urban (城市的) interface(WUI),where houses are against natural areas. Homeowners in forested areas are often relatively well aware of their fire risk, says Sarah Anderson, a professor of environmental politics at the University of California Santa Barbara. But people living in a grassy space may not realize the danger. “This paper probably implies we need to do a lot more public education,” Anderson says. There are ways to augment the survival rate, says Yana Valachovic, forest adviser and county director at the University of California Cooperative Extension. For example, homeowners can protect themselves by blocking vent openings so that fire can`t land in eaves, pulling plants and wood coverings away from ground and using metal fences to replace wood ones. 46．Why did grassland fires destroy more houses than forest fires? A．There were less and less forest fires. B．More burnt houses were in grasslands. C．Forest fires were less destructive to houses. D．The houses in grasslands were of lower quality. 47．What may cause increased homes in wildfire boundaries according to the text? A．Reduced urban areas. B．Less houses into WUI. C．More violent wildfires. D．Increased love for nature. 48．What need homeowners in grasslands do according to Anderson? A．Warn themselves of forest fires. B．Move their houses to forested areas. C．Increase their awareness of fire risk. D．Reduce the destruction of grasslands. 49．What does the underlined word “augment” mean in the last paragraph? A．Test. B．Control. C．Compare. D．Increase. 【答案】46．B 47．C 48．C 49．D 【解析】本文围绕着草原火灾对住宅的威胁及其原因展开，提供了统计数据和专家建议，从野火的损害、房屋的分布位置以及房屋的火灾防护措施等方面进行了介绍和分析。 46．推理判断题。根据“This is because even though forest fires are more destructive to buildings and the number of forest fires has increased, much more buildings burned by wildfires were built in grasslands, the researchers found.”可知，虽然森林火灾更具破坏性，但是更多的房屋建在草原上，因此更容易被草原火灾摧毁。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据“Fifty—three percent of this effect could be explained by an increasing amount of the burned areas: wildfires are more common and violent than they used to be.”可知，其中的53%归因于野火的更频繁和激烈。故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据“But people living in a grassy space may not realize the danger. ‘This paper probably implies we need to do a lot more public education,’ Anderson says.”可知，Anderson认为居住在草原上的人们对于火灾的风险意识不足，意味着他们需要提高火灾风险意识。故选C。 49．词义猜测题。根据“There are ways to augment the survival rate...”可知，这里指的是两种提高存活率的方法。故选D。 14 ①Have you ever heard that groundhogs can predict (预测) the end of winter? How about that elephants never forget things? Or that dogs can smell the strange? That may not be 100% true. However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans. ②Do animals have a sixth sense that can tell the future? That may sound out of this world. However, many events seem to support this idea. ③Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece. Buildings came down. Many people were hurt. But there was something amazing. The city’s animals acted strangely days before the earthquake. Rats and snakes ran from the city in groups. Did they know an earthquake was coming? In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government. Why? They believed a disaster was coming. They thought this, in part, because of animals’ strange behaviours. Just days later, a large earthquake hit the city. Experts (专家) said 150,000 could have lost their lives if people stayed in the city at that time. In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange. Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island. ④Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen. Bees are known to find places before it rains. Dairy farmers say they can tell a big storm is coming when their cows lie down. Cats and dogs are also said to know when a storm is on its way, as are birds and turtles. Can animals really tell the future? ⑤Experts say it’s unlikely (不可能的) that animals can tell the future. However, they might hear or feel the earthquake before people do. Even though scientists have not proved animals have the ability to predict disasters before they happen and animals’ predictions aren’t always right, it’s not bad to pay attention to the animals. 50．According to the passage, we know many animals ________. A．can tell the future in different ways B．have better sense abilities than humans C．act strangely after some natural disasters D．use the sixth sense to predict earthquakes 51．The word “behaviours” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．actions B．senses C．ideas D．feelings 52．How many examples do the writer use in Paragraph 3 to support the idea that animals can tell the future? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four D．Five. 53．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Animals are good at helping farmers. B．Animals are good at finding their homes. C．Animals seem to know the future problems. D．Animals seem to know the weather changes. 54．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Can Animals Predict the Future? B．Do Animals Have Stronger Senses? C．How Do Animals Save People’s Life? D．What Are Animals’ Ways to Tell the Future? 【答案】50．B 51．A 52．B 53．D 54．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了动物是否能够预知未来，尤其是否能够预测自然灾害。 50．细节理解题。根据“However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans.”可知，动物的感官比人类要灵敏。故选B。 51．词句猜测题。根据“Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island.”可知，人们是根据动物的奇怪行为，预测到了灾难，因此behaviours意为“行为”。故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据“Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece.” “In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government.” “In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange.…Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island.”可知，第三段中列举了三个例子：希利克的地震、海城的地震、以及斯里兰卡的海啸。故选B。 53．主旨大意题。根据“Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen.”可知，这一段主要在讲动物可以感知到天气的微妙变化。故选D。 54．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了动物是否能够预知未来，尤其是否能够预测自然灾害。选项A“动物可以预知未来吗？”符合主旨。故选A。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $