38.Unit 8 Safe and sound(书面表达)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固（译林版2024）

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 8 Safe and sound书面表达 必备知识清单 单元写作指导 一、主题分析 （一）主题阐述 本单元写作要求我们描述发生在自己家乡或听闻过的紧急事件或自然灾害，并且要运用过去进行时来叙述。通过这样的写作，我们能够回顾那些特殊时刻，锻炼用英语准确描述过去某个时间段正在发生的事情的能力，让读者仿佛身临其境感受到事件的紧张和影响。 （二）要点分析 1.主题内涵 主题聚焦于对紧急事件或自然灾害的描述。紧急事件可能包括火灾、交通事故、突发疾病等意外情况；自然灾害则涵盖地震、洪水、台风、泥石流等由自然力量引发的灾害。我们需要详细描述事件发生时的场景、人们的反应以及事件造成的结果等。 2.审题要点 明确使用过去进行时，这要求我们在描述事件过程中，准确运用 “was/were + 动词的现在分词” 结构来表达过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如：“When the earthquake happened, people were running out of their houses.”（当地震发生时，人们正从他们的房子里跑出来。） 要清晰地阐述事件发生的地点（家乡或其他听说的地方），让读者了解事件的背景环境。 内容需包含事件发生时的详细情况，如当时人们正在做什么，周围环境的变化等。 3.写作核心 运用丰富的细节描写，生动展现事件发生的过程。比如描述洪水时，可以写 “Water was rising quickly, covering the low - lying areas. People were trying to move their belongings to higher ground, with worried looks on their faces.”（水迅速上涨，淹没了低洼地区。人们正试图把他们的财物搬到高处，脸上带着忧虑的神情。） 合理组织文章结构，使事件叙述有条理，一般可按照事件发生前的平静状态、事件发生时的紧急情况以及事件发生后的影响和结果来展开。 体现出事件对人们生活和环境的影响，引发读者对自然灾害或紧急事件的关注和思考。 二、写作框架 写作可采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 的结构。 开头（总起）：引出要描述的紧急事件或自然灾害，简要介绍事件发生的地点和大致时间，引起读者兴趣。例如：“Last summer, a terrible typhoon hit my hometown. It was a really unforgettable experience.”（去年夏天，一场可怕的台风袭击了我的家乡。这真是一次难忘的经历。） 中间（分述）：（1）详细描述事件发生时的情景，运用过去进行时讲述人们正在进行的活动以及环境的变化。例如：“When the typhoon arrived, the wind was blowing strongly. Trees were shaking violently, and some were even uprooted. People were staying indoors, nervously watching the news on TV.”（当台风到来时，风刮得很猛烈。树木剧烈摇晃，有些甚至被连根拔起。人们都待在室内，紧张地看着电视上的新闻。）（2）接着描述事件造成的结果，如人员伤亡、财产损失、环境破坏等。“After the typhoon passed, many houses were damaged. Some people lost their homes, and the streets were filled with fallen branches and debris.”（台风过后，许多房屋受损。一些人失去了家园，街道上到处都是倒下的树枝和 debris。） 结尾（总结）：总结事件的影响，表达自己对该事件的感受或从中得到的启示。“This typhoon taught us the power of nature and the importance of being prepared for such disasters. We should work together to protect our environment and help those in need.”（这次台风让我们见识到了大自然的力量以及为这类灾害做好准备的重要性。我们应该共同努力保护环境，帮助那些需要帮助的人。） 三、词汇句式积累 （一）相关词汇 1.自然灾害类 earthquake（地震）：An earthquake struck the city last night.（昨晚一场地震袭击了这座城市。） flood（洪水）：The flood washed away many houses.（洪水冲走了许多房屋。） typhoon（台风）：The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain.（台风带来了狂风暴雨。） hurricane（飓风）：Hurricanes are very dangerous natural disasters.（飓风是非常危险的自然灾害。） tornado（龙卷风）：A tornado appeared in the distance.（远处出现了一场龙卷风。） landslide（山体滑坡）：The heavy rain caused a landslide in the mountain area.（大雨导致山区发生了山体滑坡。） drought（干旱）：The long - term drought affected the crops.（长期干旱影响了农作物。） 2.紧急事件类 fire（火灾）：A big fire broke out in the factory.（工厂里发生了一场大火。） accident（事故）：There was a serious traffic accident on the highway.（高速公路上发生了一起严重的交通事故。） emergency（紧急情况）：We need to call 911 in an emergency.（遇到紧急情况我们需要拨打 911。） explosion（爆炸）：The explosion could be heard from miles away.（几英里外都能听到爆炸声。） 3.环境与场景类 wind（风）：The wind was howling outside.（外面风在呼啸。） rain（雨）：It was raining heavily when the accident happened.（事故发生时雨下得很大。） storm（暴风雨）：The storm made the sea rough.（暴风雨使海面波涛汹涌。） darkness（黑暗）：The power outage left the whole city in darkness.（停电使整个城市陷入黑暗。） debris（残骸，碎片）：The street was covered with debris after the tornado.（龙卷风过后，街道上布满了残骸。） ruin（废墟）：The earthquake left the town in ruins.（地震使这个城镇成为一片废墟。） 4.人物动作与状态类 run（跑）：People were running in all directions when the fire started.（火灾发生时人们四处奔逃。） escape（逃离）：They managed to escape from the burning building.（他们设法从着火的大楼里逃了出来。） rescue（救援）：The rescue team arrived at the scene quickly.（救援队伍迅速到达了现场。） scream（尖叫）：The little girl was screaming in fear.（小女孩害怕地尖叫着。） worry（担心）：Parents were worried about their children's safety.（父母们担心孩子们的安全。） panic（恐慌）：The crowd was in a state of panic.（人群处于恐慌状态。） protect（保护）：People were trying to protect their property.（人们试图保护他们的财产。） 5.其他相关词汇 damage（损害）：The flood caused a lot of damage to the crops.（洪水对农作物造成了很大的损害。） destroy（摧毁）：The hurricane destroyed many villages.（飓风摧毁了许多村庄。） affect（影响）：The earthquake affected thousands of people.（地震影响了成千上万的人。） recovery（恢复）：The town is still in the process of recovery after the disaster.（灾难过后，这个城镇仍在恢复过程中。） prepare（准备）：We should prepare for emergencies in advance.（我们应该提前为紧急情况做好准备。） （二）相关句式 1.描述事件发生时的背景 It was a normal day when suddenly...（那是平常的一天，突然……）It was a normal day when suddenly we heard a loud explosion.（那是平常的一天，突然我们听到一声巨响。） While people were going about their daily lives,...（当人们正过着他们的日常生活时，……）While people were going about their daily lives, a strong earthquake hit the area.（当人们正过着他们的日常生活时，一场强烈的地震袭击了这个地区。） At that time, everyone was...（在那个时候，每个人都在……）At that time, everyone was enjoying the beautiful sunny day in the park.（在那个时候，每个人都在公园里享受着美好的晴天。） 2.表达过去正在进行的动作 Sb. was/were doing sth. when...（某人正在做某事，这时……）I was doing my homework when the lights went out.（我正在做作业，这时灯灭了。） While sb. was/were doing sth., sth. else happened.（当某人正在做某事时，另一件事发生了。）While I was walking on the street, it began to rain heavily.（当我正在街上走时，突然下起了大雨。） Sb. was/were in the middle of doing sth. when...（某人正在做某事的过程中，这时……）The workers were in the middle of building the bridge when the accident occurred.（工人们正在建造桥梁的过程中，这时事故发生了。） 3.描述事件造成的结果 As a result of..., sth. happened.（由于……，某事发生了。）As a result of the heavy rain, the river overflowed and flooded the nearby villages.（由于大雨，河水泛滥，淹没了附近的村庄。） The event led to...（这个事件导致了……）The fire led to the destruction of the whole building.（这场火灾导致了整栋建筑的毁坏。） Because of..., sb. /sth. was/were...（因为……，某人 / 某物处于…… 状态）Because of the earthquake, many houses were severely damaged.（因为地震，许多房屋受到了严重损坏。） 4.表达感受或看法 It was really terrifying /scary/unforgettable...（这真的很可怕 / 吓人 / 难忘……）It was really terrifying to see the tornado approaching.（看到龙卷风逼近真的很可怕。） I was deeply shocked /moved by...（我被…… 深深震惊 / 感动了）I was deeply shocked by the extent of the damage caused by the flood.（我被洪水造成的破坏程度深深震惊了。） This event taught us that...（这个事件让我们明白……）This event taught us that we should always be prepared for unexpected disasters.（这个事件让我们明白我们应该随时为意想不到的灾难做好准备。） 四、范文例析 Last summer, a flood hit my hometown. It was an extremely terrifying experience. Before the flood, the weather had been very hot for several days, and people were longing for rain. But no one expected that the rain would come in such a violent way. When the flood arrived, the rain was pouring down continuously. The river water was rising rapidly, and soon it overflowed the banks. People were running around in panic. Some were trying to move their furniture to higher floors, while others were calling for help. I was at home with my family. We were packing important things, such as documents and photo albums, when the water started to enter our house. After the flood, many houses were damaged, and a lot of farmland was destroyed. The government and many volunteers quickly came to help. They provided food, clean water and temporary shelters for the affected people. Although the flood brought great trouble to our lives, it also made us realize the importance of unity and helping each other. 【范文分析】 1.结构方面 开头采用了直接引出主题的方式，明确指出去年夏天家乡遭遇了洪水，并且强调这是一次极其可怕的经历，吸引读者继续阅读。 中间部分详细描述了洪水来临前人们的状态、洪水发生时的情景以及自己和家人当时正在做的事情，运用了丰富的过去进行时的句子，如 “People were running around in panic.”“We were packing important things...”，生动地展现了当时的紧张氛围。 结尾总结了洪水造成的结果，包括房屋受损、农田毁坏等，同时提到了政府和志愿者的帮助，以及从这次事件中得到的启示，升华了文章主题。 2.语言方面 词汇运用较为丰富，如 “pouring down”（倾盆而下）、“rising rapidly”（迅速上涨）、“overflowed”（溢出）、“in panic”（惊慌地）等，准确地描述了洪水发生时的场景。 句式多样，合理使用了 “when”“while” 引导的时间状语从句，以及 “such... that...” 结构，增强了文章的连贯性和逻辑性。 五、优化策略 1.词汇运用优化 尝试使用一些高级词汇替换常见词汇，提升文章档次。例如用 “devastating”（毁灭性的）替换 “terrible” 来描述自然灾害，用 “flee”（逃离）替换 “run away”。如：“A devastating earthquake hit the area.”（一场毁灭性的地震袭击了这个地区。）“People were fleeing in all directions.”（人们四处逃离。） 运用一些短语动词，使表达更生动。如 “look for” 可以替换为 “search for”，“take care of” 替换为 “attend to”。“The rescue workers were searching for survivors.”（救援人员正在搜寻幸存者。）“We should attend to the injured people immediately.”（我们应该立即照顾受伤的人。） 2.句式结构优化 适当使用倒装句，强调事件的紧急性或特殊性。例如：“Not until the flood came did people realize the importance of disaster prevention.”（直到洪水来临，人们才意识到防灾的重要性。） 运用定语从句，对相关事物进行更详细的描述。如：“The town, which was once beautiful and peaceful, was severely damaged by the hurricane.”（这个曾经美丽宁静的小镇，被飓风严重破坏了。） 3.内容逻辑优化 在描述事件过程中，加入一些细节描写，如人物的表情、心理活动等，使文章更具感染力。例如：“The little girl, with tears in her eyes, was crying for her mother.”（小女孩眼里含着泪水，哭喊着找妈妈。） 合理使用连接词和过渡句，使文章段落之间、句子之间的逻辑关系更清晰。如在描述事件结果和人们的应对措施之间，可以使用 “Afterwards”（之后）、“Subsequently”（随后）等连接词。“Afterwards, the local government organized a series of relief efforts.”（之后，当地政府组织了一系列救援工作。） 六、常见错误 在完成本单元书面表达时，同学们常出现以下几类错误，需重点关注并避免： （一）时态运用错误 1.错误类型：混淆过去进行时与一般过去时，未准确体现 “过去某个时刻正在进行的动作”。 错误例句：When the typhoon came, people ran out of their houses.（当地台风来临时，人们跑出了房子。） 错误原因：此句仅用一般过去时 “ran”，无法体现 “台风来临时，人们正在跑” 的动态过程，不符合写作要求。 正确例句：When the typhoon came, people were running out of their houses.（当地台风来临时，人们正跑出房子。） 2.错误类型：过去进行时结构错误，遗漏 “was/were” 或动词未用现在分词形式。 错误例句：He watching TV when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时，他正在看电视。） 错误原因：缺少过去进行时的助动词 “was”，且 “watching” 不能单独作谓语。 正确例句：He was watching TV when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时，他正在看电视。） （二）词汇使用不当 1.错误类型：混淆近义词含义，导致表达不准确。 错误例句：The fire damaged the whole building completely.（大火完全损坏了整栋建筑。） 错误原因：“damage” 侧重 “部分损坏，可修复”，而此处 “完全损坏” 应用 “destroy”（强调 “彻底摧毁，无法修复”）。 正确例句：The fire destroyed the whole building completely.（大火彻底摧毁了整栋建筑。） 2.错误类型：误用不可数名词，出现单复数错误。 错误例句：There were many debris on the street after the storm.（暴风雨后街上有很多残骸。） 错误原因：“debris” 是不可数名词，无复数形式，不能用 “many” 修饰。 正确例句：There was a lot of debris on the street after the storm.（暴风雨后街上有很多残骸。） （三）逻辑衔接混乱 1.错误类型：缺少连接词，导致句子间逻辑不清晰。 错误例句：The rain was heavy. The river overflowed.（雨很大。河水泛滥了。） 错误原因：两句仅简单罗列，未体现 “雨大” 与 “河水泛滥” 的因果关系。 正确例句：Because the rain was heavy, the river overflowed.（因为雨很大，所以河水泛滥了。） 2.错误类型：过渡词使用不当，破坏文章连贯性。 错误例句：First, the typhoon arrived. Then, people were staying indoors.（首先，台风来了。然后，人们待在室内。） 错误原因：“First...Then...” 通常用于描述先后发生的动作，而 “台风来临时人们正在待在室内” 是伴随关系，应用 “when” 引导。 正确例句：When the typhoon arrived, people were staying indoors.（台风来临时，人们正待在室内。） 七、写作思路拓展 除了常规的 “事件描述”，还可从以下角度拓展写作思路，让文章更有深度和新意： （一）加入 “个人视角” 不只是客观描述事件，还可融入自己的亲身经历或感受。例如：“When the flood surrounded our house, my dad was carrying our old photo album to the second floor. I was holding my little cat tightly, too scared to speak. That moment made me realize how important family is.”（当洪水包围我们家时，爸爸正把我们的旧相册搬到二楼。我紧紧抱着我的小猫，吓得说不出话。那一刻让我意识到家人有多重要。）通过细节展现个人情感，让文章更具感染力。 （二）结合 “防灾知识” 在描述事件后，加入实用的防灾建议，体现文章的实用性。例如：“After the earthquake, our school taught us some survival skills. For example, we should hide under a strong table when an earthquake happens, and never use the elevator. These tips may help us stay safe in future disasters.”（地震后，学校教了我们一些求生技巧。比如，地震发生时我们应该躲在坚固的桌子下，绝不能用电梯。这些技巧或许能帮助我们在未来的灾害中保持安全。） （三）关联 “环保主题” 若描述的自然灾害与环境问题相关（如洪水因乱砍滥伐导致），可在结尾呼吁环保。例如：“The flood was partly caused by the cutting down of too many trees. Trees can hold soil and prevent floods. So we should plant more trees and protect our environment to avoid such disasters.”（这场洪水部分是因为砍伐了太多树木。树木能保持土壤、预防洪水。所以我们应该种更多树，保护环境，避免此类灾害。）将事件与社会议题结合，提升文章立意。 综合实战演练 1．地震总是突然发生，所以很难发出警告。人们通常不知道在地震中该做些什么，请写一篇英语短文来给你的同学提一些如何应对地震的建议。 内容包括： 1.不要从高楼往外跳； 2.当地面停止晃动的时候快速离开建筑物，不要使用电梯； 3.不要站在路灯和电线的下面； 4.远离桥和树。如果你在车里，最好呆在里面； 5.要勇敢，要乐于助人； …… 注意： 1. 词数：80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．请你根据下面表格提示,以A landslide（山崩）为题，写一篇90词左右的短文（开头已给出，但不计入总词数）。 注意：1、请使用过去进行时；2、须按照灾前、灾中与灾后的顺序写作；3、适当时使用好连接词。 Time 上周早上，在连续两天大雨之后发生 Before the landslide 我和妈妈在家，爸爸下午回来、雨很大。他叫我和妈妈赶快带着雨伞离开。 During the landslide 房子开始摇晃，我们非常害怕，然后迅速跑开了。看到人们……。 After the landslide 第二天上午回家时，发现房子没有了，到处是碎玻璃和砖块。我们很悲伤。 A landslide Last Monday morning, after two days’ heavy rain, a landslide hit our hometown. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。 Before the disaster ●often watch news about the flood ●prepare water, food and medicine How to protect ourselves in the flood During the disaster move to higher places at once don’t try to swim ... 要求： 1. 包含所有给出的提示要点，可适当发挥，省略号部分要求至少自拟1点； 2. 70词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．在我们的身边时常会发生一些灾害和事故，许多人因此而丧生，所以学会怎样在事故中保护自己非常重要。请根据提示词，以“How to Protect Yourself in a Fire”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。 提示词：lift, call, turn, gas, light, cover, jump, calm ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．假定你是李华，在报纸上看到了有关Garden City遭受台风袭击的新闻报道后，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议信。 内容包括： 1.倡议的原因（发生什么和造成的后果）； 2.倡议的内容（筹款、捐衣物和充当志愿者）； 3.发出倡议。 注意: 1.词数80-100。开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 2.短文须包括所给内容信息。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear friends, Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention and care. Yours, Li Hua 6．近年来，人类活动对大自然的破坏引发了各种自然灾害。你是一名中学生，正参加英语写作大赛，请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文：介绍在不同的自然灾害中保护自己的方法。同时，提出预防措施，拯救地球。 Types of natural disasters floods earthquakes forest fires . . . → Ways to protect ourselves get to high ground use a wet towel hide under . . . → Actions to prevent future disasters plant more trees protect wild animals . . . 注意事项： 1. 要求要点齐全、语句通顺, 意思连贯, 符合题意； 2. 词数在90个左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得使用真实的个人姓名或学校名称； 4. 必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。 In recent years, there have been many natural disasters caused by human activities, such as_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Hope we can have a better world in the future. 7．假如昨天下午全校师生进行了一次地震逃生演练(a practice of escaping from an earthquake)。请展开合理想象，写一篇短文介绍这次演练的情况。词数100左右。 提示词：under the desk, cover the head, run out, one after another, walk on the right down the stairs, get to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Daming所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场暴风雪。很幸运，暴风雪时间并不长，他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Daming请描述一下暴风雪发生时家里人的活动情景。 写作要点： 1.写明暴风雪的时间：yesterday evening 2.暴风雪时全家人都在做什么：My mother was... 3.暴风雪时的心情：scared... 4.暴风雪的后果：all safe 提示词：luckily...  Remember to... 写作要求： 1. 不得使用真实的姓名和学校名； 2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯； 3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 My name is Daming. In my city, there was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．请结合下图内容及提示，以“The Importance of Fire Safety”为题，根据写作要求，写一篇不少于80词的短文。2. What should we do in a fire? 参考词汇：fire extinguisher 灭火器；electrical problems 电气问题；escape from...逃离 写作要求：1.短文须包含图中所有信息，并适当拓展； 2.重点谈谈如何预防火灾的发生； 3.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．昨天晚上一场地震袭击了Susan所在的城市。很幸运，她们全家安然无恙。假如你是Susan，请根据图片描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情况，70词左右。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 一 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 8 Safe and sound书面表达 必备知识清单 单元写作指导 一、主题分析 （一）主题阐述 本单元写作要求我们描述发生在自己家乡或听闻过的紧急事件或自然灾害，并且要运用过去进行时来叙述。通过这样的写作，我们能够回顾那些特殊时刻，锻炼用英语准确描述过去某个时间段正在发生的事情的能力，让读者仿佛身临其境感受到事件的紧张和影响。 （二）要点分析 1.主题内涵 主题聚焦于对紧急事件或自然灾害的描述。紧急事件可能包括火灾、交通事故、突发疾病等意外情况；自然灾害则涵盖地震、洪水、台风、泥石流等由自然力量引发的灾害。我们需要详细描述事件发生时的场景、人们的反应以及事件造成的结果等。 2.审题要点 明确使用过去进行时，这要求我们在描述事件过程中，准确运用 “was/were + 动词的现在分词” 结构来表达过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如：“When the earthquake happened, people were running out of their houses.”（当地震发生时，人们正从他们的房子里跑出来。） 要清晰地阐述事件发生的地点（家乡或其他听说的地方），让读者了解事件的背景环境。 内容需包含事件发生时的详细情况，如当时人们正在做什么，周围环境的变化等。 3.写作核心 运用丰富的细节描写，生动展现事件发生的过程。比如描述洪水时，可以写 “Water was rising quickly, covering the low - lying areas. People were trying to move their belongings to higher ground, with worried looks on their faces.”（水迅速上涨，淹没了低洼地区。人们正试图把他们的财物搬到高处，脸上带着忧虑的神情。） 合理组织文章结构，使事件叙述有条理，一般可按照事件发生前的平静状态、事件发生时的紧急情况以及事件发生后的影响和结果来展开。 体现出事件对人们生活和环境的影响，引发读者对自然灾害或紧急事件的关注和思考。 二、写作框架 写作可采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 的结构。 开头（总起）：引出要描述的紧急事件或自然灾害，简要介绍事件发生的地点和大致时间，引起读者兴趣。例如：“Last summer, a terrible typhoon hit my hometown. It was a really unforgettable experience.”（去年夏天，一场可怕的台风袭击了我的家乡。这真是一次难忘的经历。） 中间（分述）：（1）详细描述事件发生时的情景，运用过去进行时讲述人们正在进行的活动以及环境的变化。例如：“When the typhoon arrived, the wind was blowing strongly. Trees were shaking violently, and some were even uprooted. People were staying indoors, nervously watching the news on TV.”（当台风到来时，风刮得很猛烈。树木剧烈摇晃，有些甚至被连根拔起。人们都待在室内，紧张地看着电视上的新闻。）（2）接着描述事件造成的结果，如人员伤亡、财产损失、环境破坏等。“After the typhoon passed, many houses were damaged. Some people lost their homes, and the streets were filled with fallen branches and debris.”（台风过后，许多房屋受损。一些人失去了家园，街道上到处都是倒下的树枝和 debris。） 结尾（总结）：总结事件的影响，表达自己对该事件的感受或从中得到的启示。“This typhoon taught us the power of nature and the importance of being prepared for such disasters. We should work together to protect our environment and help those in need.”（这次台风让我们见识到了大自然的力量以及为这类灾害做好准备的重要性。我们应该共同努力保护环境，帮助那些需要帮助的人。） 三、词汇句式积累 （一）相关词汇 1.自然灾害类 earthquake（地震）：An earthquake struck the city last night.（昨晚一场地震袭击了这座城市。） flood（洪水）：The flood washed away many houses.（洪水冲走了许多房屋。） typhoon（台风）：The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain.（台风带来了狂风暴雨。） hurricane（飓风）：Hurricanes are very dangerous natural disasters.（飓风是非常危险的自然灾害。） tornado（龙卷风）：A tornado appeared in the distance.（远处出现了一场龙卷风。） landslide（山体滑坡）：The heavy rain caused a landslide in the mountain area.（大雨导致山区发生了山体滑坡。） drought（干旱）：The long - term drought affected the crops.（长期干旱影响了农作物。） 2.紧急事件类 fire（火灾）：A big fire broke out in the factory.（工厂里发生了一场大火。） accident（事故）：There was a serious traffic accident on the highway.（高速公路上发生了一起严重的交通事故。） emergency（紧急情况）：We need to call 911 in an emergency.（遇到紧急情况我们需要拨打 911。） explosion（爆炸）：The explosion could be heard from miles away.（几英里外都能听到爆炸声。） 3.环境与场景类 wind（风）：The wind was howling outside.（外面风在呼啸。） rain（雨）：It was raining heavily when the accident happened.（事故发生时雨下得很大。） storm（暴风雨）：The storm made the sea rough.（暴风雨使海面波涛汹涌。） darkness（黑暗）：The power outage left the whole city in darkness.（停电使整个城市陷入黑暗。） debris（残骸，碎片）：The street was covered with debris after the tornado.（龙卷风过后，街道上布满了残骸。） ruin（废墟）：The earthquake left the town in ruins.（地震使这个城镇成为一片废墟。） 4.人物动作与状态类 run（跑）：People were running in all directions when the fire started.（火灾发生时人们四处奔逃。） escape（逃离）：They managed to escape from the burning building.（他们设法从着火的大楼里逃了出来。） rescue（救援）：The rescue team arrived at the scene quickly.（救援队伍迅速到达了现场。） scream（尖叫）：The little girl was screaming in fear.（小女孩害怕地尖叫着。） worry（担心）：Parents were worried about their children's safety.（父母们担心孩子们的安全。） panic（恐慌）：The crowd was in a state of panic.（人群处于恐慌状态。） protect（保护）：People were trying to protect their property.（人们试图保护他们的财产。） 5.其他相关词汇 damage（损害）：The flood caused a lot of damage to the crops.（洪水对农作物造成了很大的损害。） destroy（摧毁）：The hurricane destroyed many villages.（飓风摧毁了许多村庄。） affect（影响）：The earthquake affected thousands of people.（地震影响了成千上万的人。） recovery（恢复）：The town is still in the process of recovery after the disaster.（灾难过后，这个城镇仍在恢复过程中。） prepare（准备）：We should prepare for emergencies in advance.（我们应该提前为紧急情况做好准备。） （二）相关句式 1.描述事件发生时的背景 It was a normal day when suddenly...（那是平常的一天，突然……）It was a normal day when suddenly we heard a loud explosion.（那是平常的一天，突然我们听到一声巨响。） While people were going about their daily lives,...（当人们正过着他们的日常生活时，……）While people were going about their daily lives, a strong earthquake hit the area.（当人们正过着他们的日常生活时，一场强烈的地震袭击了这个地区。） At that time, everyone was...（在那个时候，每个人都在……）At that time, everyone was enjoying the beautiful sunny day in the park.（在那个时候，每个人都在公园里享受着美好的晴天。） 2.表达过去正在进行的动作 Sb. was/were doing sth. when...（某人正在做某事，这时……）I was doing my homework when the lights went out.（我正在做作业，这时灯灭了。） While sb. was/were doing sth., sth. else happened.（当某人正在做某事时，另一件事发生了。）While I was walking on the street, it began to rain heavily.（当我正在街上走时，突然下起了大雨。） Sb. was/were in the middle of doing sth. when...（某人正在做某事的过程中，这时……）The workers were in the middle of building the bridge when the accident occurred.（工人们正在建造桥梁的过程中，这时事故发生了。） 3.描述事件造成的结果 As a result of..., sth. happened.（由于……，某事发生了。）As a result of the heavy rain, the river overflowed and flooded the nearby villages.（由于大雨，河水泛滥，淹没了附近的村庄。） The event led to...（这个事件导致了……）The fire led to the destruction of the whole building.（这场火灾导致了整栋建筑的毁坏。） Because of..., sb. /sth. was/were...（因为……，某人 / 某物处于…… 状态）Because of the earthquake, many houses were severely damaged.（因为地震，许多房屋受到了严重损坏。） 4.表达感受或看法 It was really terrifying /scary/unforgettable...（这真的很可怕 / 吓人 / 难忘……）It was really terrifying to see the tornado approaching.（看到龙卷风逼近真的很可怕。） I was deeply shocked /moved by...（我被…… 深深震惊 / 感动了）I was deeply shocked by the extent of the damage caused by the flood.（我被洪水造成的破坏程度深深震惊了。） This event taught us that...（这个事件让我们明白……）This event taught us that we should always be prepared for unexpected disasters.（这个事件让我们明白我们应该随时为意想不到的灾难做好准备。） 四、范文例析 Last summer, a flood hit my hometown. It was an extremely terrifying experience. Before the flood, the weather had been very hot for several days, and people were longing for rain. But no one expected that the rain would come in such a violent way. When the flood arrived, the rain was pouring down continuously. The river water was rising rapidly, and soon it overflowed the banks. People were running around in panic. Some were trying to move their furniture to higher floors, while others were calling for help. I was at home with my family. We were packing important things, such as documents and photo albums, when the water started to enter our house. After the flood, many houses were damaged, and a lot of farmland was destroyed. The government and many volunteers quickly came to help. They provided food, clean water and temporary shelters for the affected people. Although the flood brought great trouble to our lives, it also made us realize the importance of unity and helping each other. 【范文分析】 1.结构方面 开头采用了直接引出主题的方式，明确指出去年夏天家乡遭遇了洪水，并且强调这是一次极其可怕的经历，吸引读者继续阅读。 中间部分详细描述了洪水来临前人们的状态、洪水发生时的情景以及自己和家人当时正在做的事情，运用了丰富的过去进行时的句子，如 “People were running around in panic.”“We were packing important things...”，生动地展现了当时的紧张氛围。 结尾总结了洪水造成的结果，包括房屋受损、农田毁坏等，同时提到了政府和志愿者的帮助，以及从这次事件中得到的启示，升华了文章主题。 2.语言方面 词汇运用较为丰富，如 “pouring down”（倾盆而下）、“rising rapidly”（迅速上涨）、“overflowed”（溢出）、“in panic”（惊慌地）等，准确地描述了洪水发生时的场景。 句式多样，合理使用了 “when”“while” 引导的时间状语从句，以及 “such... that...” 结构，增强了文章的连贯性和逻辑性。 五、优化策略 1.词汇运用优化 尝试使用一些高级词汇替换常见词汇，提升文章档次。例如用 “devastating”（毁灭性的）替换 “terrible” 来描述自然灾害，用 “flee”（逃离）替换 “run away”。如：“A devastating earthquake hit the area.”（一场毁灭性的地震袭击了这个地区。）“People were fleeing in all directions.”（人们四处逃离。） 运用一些短语动词，使表达更生动。如 “look for” 可以替换为 “search for”，“take care of” 替换为 “attend to”。“The rescue workers were searching for survivors.”（救援人员正在搜寻幸存者。）“We should attend to the injured people immediately.”（我们应该立即照顾受伤的人。） 2.句式结构优化 适当使用倒装句，强调事件的紧急性或特殊性。例如：“Not until the flood came did people realize the importance of disaster prevention.”（直到洪水来临，人们才意识到防灾的重要性。） 运用定语从句，对相关事物进行更详细的描述。如：“The town, which was once beautiful and peaceful, was severely damaged by the hurricane.”（这个曾经美丽宁静的小镇，被飓风严重破坏了。） 3.内容逻辑优化 在描述事件过程中，加入一些细节描写，如人物的表情、心理活动等，使文章更具感染力。例如：“The little girl, with tears in her eyes, was crying for her mother.”（小女孩眼里含着泪水，哭喊着找妈妈。） 合理使用连接词和过渡句，使文章段落之间、句子之间的逻辑关系更清晰。如在描述事件结果和人们的应对措施之间，可以使用 “Afterwards”（之后）、“Subsequently”（随后）等连接词。“Afterwards, the local government organized a series of relief efforts.”（之后，当地政府组织了一系列救援工作。） 六、常见错误 在完成本单元书面表达时，同学们常出现以下几类错误，需重点关注并避免： （一）时态运用错误 1.错误类型：混淆过去进行时与一般过去时，未准确体现 “过去某个时刻正在进行的动作”。 错误例句：When the typhoon came, people ran out of their houses.（当地台风来临时，人们跑出了房子。） 错误原因：此句仅用一般过去时 “ran”，无法体现 “台风来临时，人们正在跑” 的动态过程，不符合写作要求。 正确例句：When the typhoon came, people were running out of their houses.（当地台风来临时，人们正跑出房子。） 2.错误类型：过去进行时结构错误，遗漏 “was/were” 或动词未用现在分词形式。 错误例句：He watching TV when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时，他正在看电视。） 错误原因：缺少过去进行时的助动词 “was”，且 “watching” 不能单独作谓语。 正确例句：He was watching TV when the earthquake happened.（地震发生时，他正在看电视。） （二）词汇使用不当 1.错误类型：混淆近义词含义，导致表达不准确。 错误例句：The fire damaged the whole building completely.（大火完全损坏了整栋建筑。） 错误原因：“damage” 侧重 “部分损坏，可修复”，而此处 “完全损坏” 应用 “destroy”（强调 “彻底摧毁，无法修复”）。 正确例句：The fire destroyed the whole building completely.（大火彻底摧毁了整栋建筑。） 2.错误类型：误用不可数名词，出现单复数错误。 错误例句：There were many debris on the street after the storm.（暴风雨后街上有很多残骸。） 错误原因：“debris” 是不可数名词，无复数形式，不能用 “many” 修饰。 正确例句：There was a lot of debris on the street after the storm.（暴风雨后街上有很多残骸。） （三）逻辑衔接混乱 1.错误类型：缺少连接词，导致句子间逻辑不清晰。 错误例句：The rain was heavy. The river overflowed.（雨很大。河水泛滥了。） 错误原因：两句仅简单罗列，未体现 “雨大” 与 “河水泛滥” 的因果关系。 正确例句：Because the rain was heavy, the river overflowed.（因为雨很大，所以河水泛滥了。） 2.错误类型：过渡词使用不当，破坏文章连贯性。 错误例句：First, the typhoon arrived. Then, people were staying indoors.（首先，台风来了。然后，人们待在室内。） 错误原因：“First...Then...” 通常用于描述先后发生的动作，而 “台风来临时人们正在待在室内” 是伴随关系，应用 “when” 引导。 正确例句：When the typhoon arrived, people were staying indoors.（台风来临时，人们正待在室内。） 七、写作思路拓展 除了常规的 “事件描述”，还可从以下角度拓展写作思路，让文章更有深度和新意： （一）加入 “个人视角” 不只是客观描述事件，还可融入自己的亲身经历或感受。例如：“When the flood surrounded our house, my dad was carrying our old photo album to the second floor. I was holding my little cat tightly, too scared to speak. That moment made me realize how important family is.”（当洪水包围我们家时，爸爸正把我们的旧相册搬到二楼。我紧紧抱着我的小猫，吓得说不出话。那一刻让我意识到家人有多重要。）通过细节展现个人情感，让文章更具感染力。 （二）结合 “防灾知识” 在描述事件后，加入实用的防灾建议，体现文章的实用性。例如：“After the earthquake, our school taught us some survival skills. For example, we should hide under a strong table when an earthquake happens, and never use the elevator. These tips may help us stay safe in future disasters.”（地震后，学校教了我们一些求生技巧。比如，地震发生时我们应该躲在坚固的桌子下，绝不能用电梯。这些技巧或许能帮助我们在未来的灾害中保持安全。） （三）关联 “环保主题” 若描述的自然灾害与环境问题相关（如洪水因乱砍滥伐导致），可在结尾呼吁环保。例如：“The flood was partly caused by the cutting down of too many trees. Trees can hold soil and prevent floods. So we should plant more trees and protect our environment to avoid such disasters.”（这场洪水部分是因为砍伐了太多树木。树木能保持土壤、预防洪水。所以我们应该种更多树，保护环境，避免此类灾害。）将事件与社会议题结合，提升文章立意。 综合实战演练 1．地震总是突然发生，所以很难发出警告。人们通常不知道在地震中该做些什么，请写一篇英语短文来给你的同学提一些如何应对地震的建议。 内容包括： 1.不要从高楼往外跳； 2.当地面停止晃动的时候快速离开建筑物，不要使用电梯； 3.不要站在路灯和电线的下面； 4.远离桥和树。如果你在车里，最好呆在里面； 5.要勇敢，要乐于助人； …… 注意： 1. 词数：80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．请你根据下面表格提示,以A landslide（山崩）为题，写一篇90词左右的短文（开头已给出，但不计入总词数）。 注意：1、请使用过去进行时；2、须按照灾前、灾中与灾后的顺序写作；3、适当时使用好连接词。 Time 上周早上，在连续两天大雨之后发生 Before the landslide 我和妈妈在家，爸爸下午回来、雨很大。他叫我和妈妈赶快带着雨伞离开。 During the landslide 房子开始摇晃，我们非常害怕，然后迅速跑开了。看到人们……。 After the landslide 第二天上午回家时，发现房子没有了，到处是碎玻璃和砖块。我们很悲伤。 A landslide Last Monday morning, after two days’ heavy rain, a landslide hit our hometown. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。 Before the disaster ●often watch news about the flood ●prepare water, food and medicine How to protect ourselves in the flood During the disaster move to higher places at once don’t try to swim ... 要求： 1. 包含所有给出的提示要点，可适当发挥，省略号部分要求至少自拟1点； 2. 70词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．在我们的身边时常会发生一些灾害和事故，许多人因此而丧生，所以学会怎样在事故中保护自己非常重要。请根据提示词，以“How to Protect Yourself in a Fire”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。 提示词：lift, call, turn, gas, light, cover, jump, calm ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．假定你是李华，在报纸上看到了有关Garden City遭受台风袭击的新闻报道后，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议信。 内容包括： 1.倡议的原因（发生什么和造成的后果）； 2.倡议的内容（筹款、捐衣物和充当志愿者）； 3.发出倡议。 注意: 1.词数80-100。开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 2.短文须包括所给内容信息。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear friends, Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention and care. Yours, Li Hua 6．近年来，人类活动对大自然的破坏引发了各种自然灾害。你是一名中学生，正参加英语写作大赛，请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文：介绍在不同的自然灾害中保护自己的方法。同时，提出预防措施，拯救地球。 Types of natural disasters floods earthquakes forest fires . . . → Ways to protect ourselves get to high ground use a wet towel hide under . . . → Actions to prevent future disasters plant more trees protect wild animals . . . 注意事项： 1. 要求要点齐全、语句通顺, 意思连贯, 符合题意； 2. 词数在90个左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得使用真实的个人姓名或学校名称； 4. 必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。 In recent years, there have been many natural disasters caused by human activities, such as_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Hope we can have a better world in the future. 7．假如昨天下午全校师生进行了一次地震逃生演练(a practice of escaping from an earthquake)。请展开合理想象，写一篇短文介绍这次演练的情况。词数100左右。 提示词：under the desk, cover the head, run out, one after another, walk on the right down the stairs, get to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Daming所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场暴风雪。很幸运，暴风雪时间并不长，他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Daming请描述一下暴风雪发生时家里人的活动情景。 写作要点： 1.写明暴风雪的时间：yesterday evening 2.暴风雪时全家人都在做什么：My mother was... 3.暴风雪时的心情：scared... 4.暴风雪的后果：all safe 提示词：luckily...  Remember to... 写作要求： 1. 不得使用真实的姓名和学校名； 2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯； 3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 My name is Daming. In my city, there was ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．请结合下图内容及提示，以“The Importance of Fire Safety”为题，根据写作要求，写一篇不少于80词的短文。2. What should we do in a fire? 参考词汇：fire extinguisher 灭火器；electrical problems 电气问题；escape from...逃离 写作要求：1.短文须包含图中所有信息，并适当拓展； 2.重点谈谈如何预防火灾的发生； 3.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．昨天晚上一场地震袭击了Susan所在的城市。很幸运，她们全家安然无恙。假如你是Susan，请根据图片描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情况，70词左右。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1． Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do in an earthquake, so here is some advice. When you are in the high buildings, don’t jump out of them. When the ground stops shaking, leave the building as quickly as you can. When you are outside, don’t stand under street lights or power lines. I think you must stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a car, you’d better stay in it. You should be brave and help save other people. 【写作解析】 亮点说明：这篇习作的层次清晰，内容饱满，表达流畅。文中使用了非常好的短语，例如have little or no idea，what to do，in an earthquake，in the high buildings，jump out of，stop shaking，as quickly as，under street lights or power lines，stay away from bridges and trees，in a car，you’d better等。而When you are in the high buildings, don’t jump out of them. I think you must stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a car, you’d better stay in it.等多种从句结构的运用，使本文内容丰富，表达流畅，是本文的最大亮点。 点睛：书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。 2． Last Monday morning, after two days’ heavy rain, a landslide hit our hometown. I was at home with my mother on that day. When father came back in the afternoon, it was raining heavily/hard. He asked us to leave quickly with umbrellas. Just then, the house started to shake. We were very frightened and ran away quickly. On the way out, I saw water washing away many things. People were running in all directions and houses were falling down. The following morning, we went back home. We found that there was no house at all. There were only pieces of glass and bricks everywhere. We felt very sad. 【写作解析】 试题分析：这是一篇材料作文，表中提示内容就是本文的写作要点。这些要点构成写作的基本框架。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把要点表达出来，并适当发挥想象说出自己的观点。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不要遗漏要点，并适当发挥。根据材料内容可知本文主要是用一般过去时态来写，要注意主谓一致等问题。写作中要适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。 点睛：首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。 3． Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood. Firstly, we should often watch the news about the flood during the rainy season. We need to prepare water, food and medicine before the disaster comes. Secondly, when there is a flood, we must move to higher places at once and stay there to wait for rescue. Remember not to try to swim through the flood water. Thirdly, if the flood washes us away, we should keep calm. We can catch something made of wood and it can help us get out of the water. If we need help, we can also call the police. 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点中的“省略号”部分，这需要进行适当的发挥。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题，介绍在洪水中应如何保护自己； 第二步，介绍在洪水来临前应该怎么做； 第三步，介绍遭遇洪水时该怎么做。 [亮点词汇] ① at once 立即 ② remember not to do sth. 记得不做某事 ③ keep calm 保持冷静 [高分句型] ① Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood.（疑问词+不定式作宾语） ② if the flood washes us away, we should keep calm.（if引导的条件状语从句） 4． How to Protect Yourself in a Fire Recently, the fire disaster has been frequently reported on TV. So, our school thinks it is necessary to teach students how to protect themselves in a fire. And here come the methods. First, we should keep calm. It is very important to keep your head clear. Second, we should cut off the electricity in the house in case we could get hurt by it. Third, we should turn off the gas and lights. Fourth, we should cover our nose with a wet cloth. Fifth, remember not to jump off a window or take the lift. Sixth, we can also call 119 for help. Finally, we should try our best to get out there. These are our school’s methods. I think these methods are very useful to us. 【写作解析】 1.题干解读：这是一篇话题作文。要求以“How to Protect Yourself in a Fire”写一篇短文，谈谈如何在事故中保护自己。 2.写作指导：本文应以第一人称和一般现在时为主来行文。第一段引出主题；第二段写具体的方法和建议，可以使用“First...second...Third...”增加文章的条理性；第三段总结。注意保证语句通顺，行文连贯，主谓一致，文中无单词和短语的错误。 5． Dear friends, Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week. It’s reported that the typhoon was so strong that many people lost their lives and got hurt. Many houses and schools were destroyed. People there are living a hard life now. People all over the world are trying their best to help them, not excepting us. Offer your love to them. What you can do is only to donate a pencil, a bag, some coats that you don’t want to dress in, or a little pocket money. A little love is a great help to them. If possible, you can work as a volunteer to help some homeless students with their life and work. Please donate your love and give out your hands without hesitation. Thank you for your attention and care. Yours, Li Hua 【写作解析】 1.题干解读：本文要求以李华身份写一封倡议信，帮助那些在Garden City台风中受灾的人们。 2.写作指导：本文陈述地震导致的后果用一般过去时；书写要符合倡议书的格式，倡议书内容包括：倡议的原因（地震导致人们无家可归）、倡议的内容（捐钱、捐物等）并发出倡议。行文要结构完整，条理清晰。 6． In recent years, there have been many natural disasters caused by human activities, such as floods, earthquakes, forest fires, sandstorms and so on. When there is a flood, we should get to high ground and make sure not to walk through the flood water. If an earthquake happens, we can hide under a strong desk and stay away from a window. If a fire happens, we can use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground. Of course, we should take action to prevent future disasters. We can plant more trees and protect wild animals. We also share some related information with others. Hope we can have a better world in the future. 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：根据提示内容介绍在不同的自然灾害中保护自己的方法，同时，提出预防措施，拯救地球，可适当发挥。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍自然灾害的类型； 第二步，介绍不同自然灾害中保护自己的方法； 第三步，提出预防措施。 [亮点词汇] ①and so on等等 ②make sure确保 ③stay away from远离 ④share sth with sb和某人分享某物 [高分句型] ①When there is a flood, we should get to high ground and make sure not to walk through the flood water. (when引导时间状语从句) ②If a fire happens, we can use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground. (if引导条件状语从句) 7． Yesterday morning, our school gave us a practice of escaping from an earthquake. All the teachers and students took part in the activity. Before it, our head teacher, Miss Wang, told us the rules for escaping again. It started on time at 8:00 a.m. Miss Wang shouted, “Under your desk !” All the students stayed under the desks, covering their heads with their hands. Next, she shouted “Group One, go!”. “Group Two, go!”…My classmates ran out of the classroom one after another. When I was walking down the stairs on the right, Lucy, who was in front of me, fell down suddenly. I held her up quickly. All of my classmates got to the playground at 8:01 a.m. No one was left. “We only spent one minute,” said Miss Wang happily. This activity is popular with both parents and students. We learnt a lot from it. 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：本文应使用“一般过去时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏题干中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍学校举行了一次地震逃生演习； 第二步，展开合理想象，详细描述地震逃生演习的过程； 第三步，点评这次地震逃生演习，并收尾。 [亮点词汇] ①take part in参加 ②in front of在……的前面 [高分句型] ①When I was walking down the stairs on the right, Lucy, who was in front of me, fell down suddenly.（when引导的时间状语从句+who引导的非限制性定语从句） 8． My name is Daming. In my city, there was a snowstorm yesterday evening. My mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen when it started. My father was watching TV, and my little sister was playing with her toys. I was doing my homework in my room. Suddenly, the wind howled loudly, and the snow fell heavily. We were all scared because it was so loud and unexpected. Luckily, the storm didn’t last long. After it ended, we checked everything and felt relieved that we were all safe and sound. Remember to stay indoors during bad weather. 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第一和第三人称为主。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接开头，首先描述暴风雪的时间及场景——昨天晚上暴风雪开始时家人的活动； 第二步，然后表达暴风雪时感到惊吓的心情； 第三步，最后总结暴风雪不久就结束了，大家都安然无恙，体现幸运的结局。 [亮点词汇] ①Suddenly突然 ②Luckily幸运地 ③remember to do sth记得做某事 [高分句型] ①My mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen when it started.（时间状语从句） ②We were all scared because it was so loud and unexpected.（原因状语从句） 9． The Importance of Fire Safety Fire safety is important for everyone to understand. There are several things that can cause fires. These include human activities, such as electrical problems, cooking accidents, and natural causes. As a result, it’s important to know how to respond to and prevent a fire. In case of a small fire, we should stay calm and call 119. Try to put out the fire with a fire extinguisher or water if possible. Escape from the fire area immediately and call 119 if the fire is too large to control. To prevent fires, first, we should be careful when using electronics and make sure they’re in good condition. Second, when cooking, we can’t leave the kitchen. What’s more, we should get basic fire safety knowledge and practice escape plans regularly in school or at home. 【写作解析】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点；注意适当发挥，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍什么可能会导致火灾； 第二步，介绍火灾发生时应该怎么做； 第三步，介绍我们该如何预防火灾的发生。 [亮点词汇] ①such as 例如 ②as a result 结果 ③put out 扑灭 ④too ... to 太……而不能…… [高分句型] ①There are several things that can cause fires. （that引导的定语从句） ②Escape from the fire area immediately and call 119 if the fire is too large to control.（if引导的条件状语从句） 10． I'm Susan. An earthquake hit our city last night, I was taking a shower when the earthquake happened at 8:32 p.m. My mother was cooking in the kitchen while my father was watching TV in the living room. My sister Alice was playing computer games. At that time we were very worried and scared. Luckily , no one was hurt. 【写作解析】 这篇作文要求我们以Susan的身份，根据图片所展示的内容，描述一下昨天晚上发生地震的时候，家里人的活动情况。写作之前，应仔细观察图片，弄清楚图片中的内容，构思文章的主体。通过审题可知，这篇短文描述的是过去一个时间正在发生的动作，因此在短文中应使用过去进行时态和一般过去时态，注意正确使用谓语动词的形式。写作时，要注意英语表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不能逐词翻译，写汉语式的英语。应从句子的整体考虑，使用恰当的词汇、句型和短语，以简单句的主谓宾或主系表结构为主，点缀并列句和复合句，提升文章档次，调整文章结构。同时注意语句之间的连接和语言的得体。 ( 一 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $