内容正文:
译林版 必修三 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
republic /rɪˈpʌblɪk/ n. 共和国,共和政体 (44)
N/A
N/A
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.(中华人民共和国成立于1949年。)
2
malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾 (44)
N/A
N/A
Malaria was once a major health threat in tropical areas.(疟疾曾是热带地区的主要健康威胁。)
3
deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. 致命的;十足的,彻底的 (44)
1. dead adj. 死的;adv. 完全地2. death n. 死亡
1. deadly disease 致命疾病2. deadly enemy 死敌
The snake's bite can be deadly if not treated quickly.(如果不及时治疗,这种蛇的咬伤可能致命。)
4
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物 (44)
1. survive vi. & vt. 生存;幸存2. survivor n. 幸存者
1. the survival of ……的生存2. struggle for survival 为生存而斗争
The survival of this endangered bird depends on the protection of its habitat.(这种濒危鸟类的生存取决于其栖息地的保护。)
5
province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省,省份 (44)
N/A
1. in the province of 在……省2. provincial adj. 省级的
Sichuan Province is famous for its spicy food.(四川省以其辛辣食物闻名。)
6
broad /brɔːd/ adj. 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的 (44)
1. broadly adv. 广泛地;大体上2. breadth n. 宽度;广度
1. broad knowledge 广博的知识2. broad road 宽阔的道路
She has a broad understanding of international relations.(她对国际关系有广泛的了解。)
7
intend /ɪnˈtend/ vt. & vi. 想要,计划;意指 (44)
1. intention n. 意图;目的2. intentional adj. 故意的
1. intend to do sth. 打算做某事2. intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
I intend to study abroad after finishing college.(我打算大学毕业后出国留学。)
8
extract /ˈekstrækt/ n. 提取物;选录/ɪkˈstrækt/ vt. 提取;选录;取出;设法得到 (45)
extraction n. 提取;取出;出身
extract sth. from 从……中提取/取出某物
Workers extract juice from grapes to make wine.(工人们从葡萄中提取汁液酿造葡萄酒。)
9
herb /hɜːb/ n. 药草,香草;草本 (45)
1. herbal adj. 草本的;药草的2. herbicide n. 除草剂
1. herbal tea 花草茶2. medicinal herb 药草
My mother grows mint and lavender, two common herbs, in the garden.(我妈妈在花园里种了薄荷和薰衣草这两种常见的香草。)
10
refer /rɪˈfɜː(r)/ to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及 (45)
1. reference n. 参考;参考书;提及2. referable adj. 可参考的;可归因于的
1. refer to a dictionary 查字典2. refer to sb./sth. 提到某人/某物
When you encounter new words, you can refer to a bilingual dictionary.(遇到生词时,你可以查阅双语词典。)
11
experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验,试验;尝试,实践vi. 做试验,进行实验;尝试 (45)
1. experimental adj. 实验性的;试验性的2. experimenter n. 实验者
1. do an experiment 做实验2. experiment on sth. 在某物上做实验
The chemistry teacher asked us to do an experiment to test the reaction.(化学老师让我们做实验来测试这个反应。)
12
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. 试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验vi. & vt. 测试,试验 (45)
1. trial adj. 试验性的2. triangular adj. 三角的(非派生词,补充常见义)
1. on trial 在试用中;受审2. trial run 试运行
The new software is on trial in our company this month.(这款新软件本月在我们公司试运行。)
13
limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj. 有限的 (45)
1. limit n. 限制;vt. 限制2. limitation n. 限制;局限
1. be limited to 限于……2. limited resources 有限的资源
Our time for the project is limited, so we must focus on key tasks.(我们项目的时间有限,因此必须专注于关键任务。)
14
household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ adj. 家庭的,家用的,家务的n. 一家人,家庭 (45)
N/A
1. household chores 家务2. a household name 家喻户晓的名字
Every member of the household should share household chores.(家庭中的每个成员都应该分担家务。)
15
container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n. 容器;集装箱,货柜 (45)
contain vt. 包含;容纳;控制
1. a container of 一罐/一盒……2. shipping container 集装箱
She put the leftover food in a plastic container and stored it in the fridge.(她把剩菜装进塑料容器,放进冰箱储存。)
16
postpone /pəˈspəʊn/ vt. 延迟,延期 (45)
postponement n. 延期;推迟
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
The sports meeting was postponed because of the heavy rain.(由于大雨,运动会被推迟了。)
17
sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 足够的,充足的 (45)
1. sufficiently adv. 足够地;充分地2. sufficiency n. 充足;足量
be sufficient for 对……足够
The money we raised is sufficient for building the community library.(我们筹集的资金足够建造社区图书馆。)
18
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据,资料,材料 (45)
N/A(单复数同形)
1. collect data 收集数据2. analyze data 分析数据
The researchers spent three months collecting data for their study on climate change.(研究人员花了三个月时间为气候变化研究收集数据。)
19
speed up (使) 加速 (45)
1. speed n. 速度;vi. 加速2. speedy adj. 迅速的
speed up the process 加快进程
Using new equipment can speed up the production of the factory.(使用新设备可以加快工厂的生产速度。)
20
pay off 成功,奏效,达到目的 (45)
N/A
pay off (努力、投资等)成功;得到回报
Years of hard work paid off when she finally won the national award.(当她最终获得国家级奖项时,多年的努力得到了回报。)
21
error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误,差错 (45)
1. err vi. 犯错;出差错2. erroneous adj. 错误的;不正确的
1. make an error 犯错误2. human error 人为错误
He found an error in his math homework and corrected it immediately.(他在数学作业中发现一个错误,立即改正了。)
22
through trial and error 反复试验 (45)
N/A
through trial and error 反复试验;不断摸索
He learned to play the piano through trial and error.(他通过反复试验学会了弹钢琴。)
23
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智 (45)
1. wise adj. 明智的;有智慧的2. wisely adv. 明智地
1. the wisdom of ……的智慧2. practical wisdom 实用智慧
The old man often shares his wisdom with the young people in the village.(这位老人经常和村里的年轻人分享他的智慧。)
24
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的,有用的 (45)
1. benefit n. 益处;vt. & vi. 受益2. beneficially adv. 有益地
be beneficial to 对……有益
Regular exercise is beneficial to both physical and mental health.(规律运动对身心健康都有益。)
25
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ vt. & vi. 组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止 (47)
1. conduction n. 传导;传递2. conductor n. 指挥;导体;售票员
1. conduct a survey 做调查2. conduct oneself 举止;表现
The research team conducted a survey on students' reading habits.(研究团队就学生的阅读习惯做了一项调查。)
26
illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ vt. 说明,解释;加插图于 (47)
1. illustration n. 插图;说明;例证2. illustrative adj. 说明性的;例证性的
illustrate sth. with sth. 用某物说明/阐释某物
The teacher illustrated the theory with a simple experiment.(老师用一个简单的实验阐释了这个理论。)
27
penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ n. 青霉素,盘尼西林 (48)
N/A
N/A
Penicillin was one of the most important medical discoveries in the 20th century.(青霉素是20世纪最重要的医学发现之一。)
28
mould /məʊld/ (AmE mold) n. 霉菌;模具;类型vt. 浇铸;塑造 (48)
1. mouldy adj. 发霉的;破旧的2. moulding n. 模具;塑造
1. mould on sth. 某物上的霉菌2. mould sth. into 把某物塑造成……
The bread went mouldy because it was left in a damp place.(面包因为放在潮湿的地方发霉了。)
29
bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌 (48)
1. bacterial adj. 细菌的2. bacteriology n. 细菌学(超纲,不列入)
1. bacterial infection 细菌感染2. harmful bacteria 有害细菌
Washing hands with soap can kill most harmful bacteria.(用肥皂洗手可以杀死大部分有害细菌。)
30
surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与…紧密相关 (48)
1. surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的2. surroundings n. 环境;周围事物
be surrounded by 被……包围
The small town is surrounded by green hills and clear rivers.(这个小镇被青山和清澈的河流环绕。)
31
indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ vt. 表明;暗示;提及;指出 (48)
1. indication n. 迹象;指示;暗示2. indicative adj. 暗示的;指示性的
1. indicate that… 表明……(从句)2. indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物
The latest data indicate that the economy is recovering steadily.(最新数据表明经济正在稳步复苏。)
32
accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇 (48)
1. accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的2. accidentally adv. 意外地;偶然地
1. traffic accident 交通事故2. by accident 偶然;意外地
He had a minor traffic accident on his way to work, but he wasn't hurt.(他上班路上发生了一起轻微交通事故,但没有受伤。)
33
by accident 偶然,意外地 (48)
N/A
by accident 偶然;意外地(=by chance)
I met my primary school teacher by accident in the supermarket.(我在超市偶然遇到了我的小学老师。)
34
intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的,聪明的;有智力的 (48)
1. intelligence n. 智力;智慧;情报2. intelligently adv. 聪明地;明智地
1. intelligent person 聪明人2. intelligent decision 明智的决定
She is an intelligent student who can solve complex problems quickly.(她是个聪明的学生,能快速解决复杂问题。)
35
favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ (AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n. 帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 (48)
1. favourable adj. 有利的;赞同的2. favourite adj. 最喜欢的;n. 最喜欢的人/物
1. do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙2. in favour of 支持;赞同
Can you do me a favour and pass the document to the manager?(你能帮我个忙,把这份文件递给经理吗?)
36
politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者 (49)
1. politics n. 政治;政治活动2. political adj. 政治的;与政治有关的
N/A
The politician gave a speech on how to improve public services.(这位政治家就如何改善公共服务发表了演讲。)
37
lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 (49)
N/A
1. thunder and lightning 雷电2. lightning rod 避雷针
We saw bright lightning followed by loud thunder during the storm.(暴风雨中,我们看到明亮的闪电,接着是巨大的雷声。)
38
electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电,电能 (49)
1. electric adj. 电的;电动的2. electrical adj. 与电有关的3. electrician n. 电工
1. produce electricity 发电2. save electricity 节约用电
Solar panels can convert sunlight into electricity.(太阳能电池板能将阳光转化为电能。)
39
theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 学说,论;原理;看法,意见 (49)
1. theoretical adj. 理论的;理论上的2. theorist n. 理论家;学说创立者
1. in theory 在理论上2. scientific theory 科学理论
Darwin's theory of evolution has had a great impact on biology.(达尔文的进化论对生物学产生了重大影响。)
40
thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ n. 雷雨,雷暴 (49)
N/A
have a thunderstorm 下雷雨
A severe thunderstorm hit the city last night, causing power outages.(昨晚一场强雷暴袭击了这座城市,导致停电。)
41
ribbon /ˈrɪbən/ n. 带子,丝带;带状物 (49)
N/A
1. red ribbon 红丝带2. hair ribbon 发带
She tied a blue ribbon around the gift box to make it more beautiful.(她在礼品盒上系了一条蓝色丝带,让它更漂亮。)
42
metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 (49)
1. metallic adj. 金属的;含金属的2. metalwork n. 金属制品(超纲,不列入)
1. metal products 金属制品2. heavy metal 重金属
This chair is made of metal, so it's very strong.(这把椅子是金属做的,所以很结实。)
43
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ vt. & vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使…承担责任;使充满n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管 (49)
1. chargeable adj. 应收费的;可被控告的2. charger n. 充电器
1. charge a battery 给电池充电2. charge sb. for sth. 因某物向某人收费
The phone charger can fully charge the battery in two hours.(这个手机充电器能在两小时内把电池充满。)
44
electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电的,发电的,电动的 (49)
1. electricity n. 电;电能2. electrician n. 电工
1. electric car 电动汽车2. electric appliance 电器
More and more people choose to buy electric cars to reduce carbon emissions.(越来越多的人选择买电动汽车以减少碳排放。)
45
bang /bæŋ/ n. 突然的巨响;猛敲,猛击vi. & vt. 砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞 (51)
N/A
1. with a bang 很成功;砰地一声2. bang on 猛敲;撞上
The door closed with a bang, scaring the little cat.(门砰地一声关上,吓到了那只小猫。)
46
with a bang 很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响 (51)
N/A
with a bang 很成功;引人注目
The school's anniversary party ended with a bang.(学校的周年庆典派对办得非常成功。)
47
standout /ˈstændaʊt/ adj. 突出的n. 突出的人(或物) (51)
N/A
1. a standout student 优秀学生2. a standout feature 突出特点
Her performance in the competition was a standout, winning her first prize.(她在比赛中的表现很突出,赢得了一等奖。)
48
atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/ adj. 原子能的;原子的 (53)
1. atom n. 原子2. atomic energy 原子能(固定搭配)
1. atomic bomb 原子弹2. atomic structure 原子结构
Atomic energy can be used for peaceful purposes, such as generating electricity.(原子能可用于和平目的,如发电。)
49
bomb /bɒm/ n. 炸弹;核武器vt. 轰炸 (53)
1. bombing n. 轰炸;投弹2. bomber n. 轰炸机;投弹手
1. drop a bomb 投炸弹2. time bomb 定时炸弹
The historical building was damaged during the bombing in World War II.(这座历史建筑在二战轰炸中受损。)
50
evil /ˈiːvl/ n. 罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处adj. 恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的 (53)
1. evilly adv. 邪恶地;恶毒地2. evilness n. 邪恶;恶毒
1. evil deeds 恶行2. evil influence 不良影响
We should resist evil and promote good in society.(我们应在社会中抵制邪恶,弘扬善良。)
51
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加 (53)
1. involved adj. 参与的;复杂的2. involvement n. 参与;牵涉
1. involve sb. in sth. 使某人参与某事2. involve doing sth. 涉及做某事
The project involves working with teams from different countries.(这个项目涉及与来自不同国家的团队合作。)
52
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的 (53)
1. science n. 科学;理科2. scientist n. 科学家3. scientifically adv. 科学地
1. scientific research 科学研究2. scientific method 科学方法
Scientists use scientific methods to test their hypotheses.(科学家用科学方法检验他们的假设。)
53
credit /ˈkredɪt/ n. 赞扬,认可;信用vt. 存入金额;把…归于 (53)
1. credible adj. 可信的;可靠的2. credit card 信用卡(固定搭配)
1. give credit to sb. 赞扬某人;把功劳归于某人2. on credit 赊账
We should give credit to her for organizing the successful event.(我们应赞扬她成功组织了这次活动。)
54
moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的n. 品行,道德;寓意 (53)
1. morality n. 道德;道德准则2. morally adv. 道德上;道义上
1. moral values 道德价值观2. the moral of the story 故事的寓意
The moral of this fable is that honesty is always the best policy.(这则寓言的寓意是诚实永远是上策。)
55
apply /əˈplaɪ/ vt. & vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关 (53)
1. application n. 应用;申请;申请书2. applicant n. 申请人3. applied adj. 应用的
1. apply for sth. 申请某物2. apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用于某物
She applied for a scholarship to study at a university in the US.(她申请了奖学金,以便在美国的一所大学学习。)
56
negate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ vt. 取消,使无效;否认,否定 (53)
1. negation n. 否定;否认;取消2. negative adj. 否定的;消极的;n. 负数
negate the effect of 抵消……的效果
His efforts to apologize negated the bad impression he had made earlier.(他努力道歉,抵消了之前留下的坏印象。)
57
intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ adj. 脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的n. 知识分子,脑力劳动者 (54)
1. intelligence n. 智力;智慧;情报2. intellect n. 智力;才智;知识分子
1. intellectual work 脑力工作2. intellectual curiosity 求知欲
He is an intellectual who has published many books on philosophy.(他是位知识分子,出版了多本关于哲学的书籍。)
58
mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品 (54)
1. mysterious adj. 神秘的;难以理解的2. mysteriously adv. 神秘地;奇怪地
1. solve a mystery 解开谜团2. a mystery novel 悬疑小说
The disappearance of the ancient city remains a mystery to this day.(这座古城的消失至今仍是个谜团。)
59
let sb down 使某人失望 (54)
N/A
let sb. down 使某人失望
He promised to help me, but he didn't show up—he really let me down.(他答应帮我,却没来——真让我失望。)
60
ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ n. 无知 (54)
1. ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的;不知道的2. ignorantly adv. 无知地;愚昧地
out of ignorance 出于无知
His mistake was made out of ignorance of the rules, not on purpose.(他的错误是出于对规则的无知,而非故意。)
61
as to 关于,至于 (54)
N/A
as to sth. 关于某事;至于某事
We had a heated discussion as to whether we should take the trip.(我们就是否应该去旅行进行了激烈的讨论。)
62
take it for granted /ˈɡrɑːntɪd/ 想当然地认为,认为…是理所当然 (54)
1. grant vt. 同意;给予;承认2. granted adv. 诚然;当然(固定搭配:take for granted)
take it for granted that… 想当然地认为……(从句)
We often take it for granted that our parents will always support us.(我们常常想当然地认为父母会一直支持我们。)
63
freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ n. 自由 (54)
1. free adj. 自由的;免费的;adv. 自由地;免费地2. freely adv. 自由地;随意地
1. freedom of speech 言论自由2. freedom to do sth. 做某事的自由
Everyone has the freedom to choose their own life path.(每个人都有选择自己人生道路的自由。)
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authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 权威,权力;官方 (54)
1. authorize vt. 授权;批准;允许2. authoritative adj. 权威的;官方的;可信的
1. an authority on sth. 某方面的权威2. government authority 政府当局
She is an authority on Chinese traditional culture.(她是中国传统文化方面的权威。)
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permit /pəˈmɪt/ vt. & vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能/ˈpɜːmɪt/ n. 许可证 (54)
1. permission n. 允许;许可;同意2. permissible adj. 可允许的;许可的
1. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事2. a parking permit 停车许可证
The school doesn't permit students to use mobile phones in class.(学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。)
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responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任,负责;职责,义务 (54)
1. responsible adj. 有责任的;负责的;可靠的2. responsibly adv. 负责地;可靠地
1. take responsibility for 对……负责2. sense of responsibility 责任感
As a team leader, he must take responsibility for the team's performance.(作为团队负责人,他必须对团队的表现负责。)
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declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报 (54)
1. declaration n. 宣布;声明;申报2. declarative adj. 陈述的;说明的
1. declare sth. to sb. 向某人宣布/表明某事2. declare war 宣战
The government declared a state of emergency after the earthquake.(地震后,政府宣布进入紧急状态。)
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nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n. 国籍;民族 (55)
1. nation n. 国家;民族2. national adj. 国家的;民族的;全国性的
1. What's your nationality? 你是什么国籍?2. minority nationalities 少数民族
Her nationality is Japanese, but she has lived in China for 10 years.(她的国籍是日本,但已在中国生活了10年。)
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put forward 提出,提议,建议 (55)
N/A
put forward a suggestion/proposal 提出建议/提案
He put forward a new plan to improve the efficiency of the company.(他提出了一项新计划,以提高公司的效率。)
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evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化;演变,发展 (55)
1. evolve vi. & vt. 进化;演变;发展2. evolutionary adj. 进化的;演变的
the theory of evolution 进化论
The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.(进化论解释了物种如何随时间演变。)
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publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ vt. 出版,发行;发表;公布 (55)
1. publication n. 出版;发行;发表;公布2. publisher n. 出版商;出版公司
1. publish a book 出版一本书2. publish an article 发表一篇文章
The author's new novel will be published by a famous publishing house next month.(这位作者的新小说将于下月由一家知名出版社出版。)
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marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/ n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 (55)
1. marry vt. & vi. 结婚;嫁;娶2. married adj. 已婚的;婚姻的3. marital adj. 婚姻的;夫妻的
1. get married 结婚2. a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻
Their marriage has lasted for 40 years, and they still love each other deeply.(他们的婚姻已持续40年,至今仍深爱彼此。)
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