内容正文:
译林版 必修二 Unit 4 Exploring literature.派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ v. 致力,专心,献身
She devotes all her time to helping students.(她把所有时间都投入到帮助学生上。)
1. devoted /dɪˈvəʊtɪd/ adj. 忠诚的,献身的2. devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ n. 奉献,忠诚
1. He is a devoted friend who always helps me.(他是个忠诚的朋友,总是帮我。)2. Her devotion to her family is moving.(她对家人的奉献很感人。)
2
earnest /ˈɜːnɪst/ adj. 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的
He made an earnest plan for his study.(他为学习制定了认真的计划。)
1. earnestly /ˈɜːnɪstli/ adv. 认真地,真诚地2. earnestness /ˈɜːnɪstnəs/ n. 认真,真诚
1. She spoke earnestly about her dream of being a teacher.(她真诚地谈论自己当老师的梦想。)2. We all like his earnestness in doing homework.(我们都喜欢他做作业的认真劲儿。)
3
literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学,文学作品
My favorite subject is literature because I love reading novels.(我最喜欢的科目是文学,因为我喜欢读小说。)
literary /ˈlɪtərəri/ adj. 文学的
This bookstore has a large collection of literary works.(这家书店有大量文学作品。)
4
shell /ʃel/ n. 贝壳;壳
We picked many colorful shells on the beach last weekend.(上周末我们在海滩捡了很多彩色贝壳。)
shell /ʃel/ v. 剥壳,去壳
My mom taught me how to shell shrimps for dinner.(妈妈教我怎么剥虾仁做晚饭。)
5
appeal /əˈpiːl/ v. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁;n. 吸引力;申诉;呼吁
This cartoon appeals to most children.(这部动画片对大多数孩子有吸引力。)
appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ adj. 有吸引力的
The small house with a garden looks very appealing.(带花园的小房子看起来很吸引人。)
6
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 确定;支配;决心
She determined to get up early to exercise every day.(她决心每天早起锻炼。)
1. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心,决定2. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 坚定的,有决心的
1. His determination to win the game made him practice hard.(他赢比赛的决心让他刻苦训练。)2. She is determined to finish the project on time.(她坚定地要按时完成项目。)
7
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
There is a significant improvement in his English grade.(他的英语成绩有显著提高。)
1. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地,重要地2. significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 意义,重要性
1. The number of tourists has increased significantly this year.(今年游客数量显著增加。)2. Teachers always tell us the significance of reading.(老师总告诉我们阅读的重要性。)
8
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描述,形容,说明
Can you give a brief description of your hometown?(你能简要描述一下你的家乡吗?)
1. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述,形容2. descriptive /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/ adj. 描述性的
1. Please describe what you saw in the park.(请描述你在公园里看到的东西。)2. This is a descriptive paragraph about autumn.(这是一段关于秋天的描述性段落。)
9
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
She is sensitive to loud noises, so she doesn’t like parties.(她对 loud 噪音敏感,所以不喜欢派对。)
1. sensitively /ˈsensətɪvli/ adv. 敏感地,体贴地2. sensitivity /ˌsensəˈtɪvəti/ n. 敏感性,灵敏度
1. He treated the sad girl sensitively.(他体贴地对待那个伤心的女孩。)2. This instrument has high sensitivity to temperature changes.(这台仪器对温度变化灵敏度高。)
10
reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反映,显示;映出影像;反射声/光/热;沉思
The lake reflects the beautiful mountains around it.(湖水映出周围美丽的群山。)
1. reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 反射,反思2. reflective /rɪˈflektɪv/ adj. 反射的,沉思的
1. After class, she made a reflection on her study.(课后,她对自己的学习进行了反思。)2. He is a reflective boy who often thinks about life.(他是个爱沉思的男孩,经常思考人生。)
11
capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
My sister is capable of playing the piano very well.(我妹妹能把钢琴弹得很好。)
1. capability /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ n. 能力,才能2. capably /ˈkeɪpəbli/ adv. 能干地
1. Reading can improve our language capability.(阅读能提高我们的语言能力。)2. She handled the difficult task capably.(她能干地完成了这项困难的任务。)
12
awaken /əˈweɪkən/ v. 唤起,被唤起;(使)醒来
The birds’ songs awakened me early in the morning.(清晨鸟儿的歌声把我叫醒了。)
awakening /əˈweɪkənɪŋ/ n. 觉醒,醒悟
Traveling to other countries gave her a new awakening about life.(去其他国家旅行让她对人生有了新的醒悟。)
13
launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. 使船下水;开始从事,发动;n. 发射,发起
The company will launch a new phone next month.(这家公司下个月将推出一款新手机。)
launch /lɔːntʃ/ n. 发射,发起
The launch of the new park was welcomed by local people.(新公园的启用受到了当地人的欢迎。)
14
permanence /ˈpɜːmənəns/ n. 永久,持久性
We hope for the permanence of world peace.(我们希望世界和平能持久。)
1. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的,持久的2. permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地,持久地
1. He found a permanent job in a big company.(他在一家大公司找到了一份固定工作。)2. They decided to move to the countryside permanently.(他们决定永久搬到乡下居住。)
15
contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包含,含有,容纳
This box contains many kinds of candies.(这个盒子里装着很多种糖果。)
1. container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n. 容器,集装箱2. contained /kənˈteɪnd/ adj. 被控制的,包含的
1. We need a plastic container to store rice.(我们需要一个塑料容器装大米。)2. The fire was contained within 30 minutes.(火势在30分钟内被控制住了。)
16
element /ˈelɪmənt/ n. 要素,基本部分
Air, water and food are important elements for life.(空气、水和食物是生命的重要要素。)
elementary /ˌelɪˈmentri/ adj. 基本的,初级的
Elementary school students usually learn basic math and Chinese.(小学生通常学习基础的数学和语文。)
17
universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
Smiling is a universal way to show friendliness.(微笑是表达友好的普遍方式。)
1. universally /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli/ adv. 普遍地,全体地2. universality /ˌjuːnɪvɜːˈsæləti/ n. 普遍性,共性
1. This rule is universally accepted in our school.(这条规定在我们学校被普遍接受。)2. The universality of this problem needs more research.(这个问题的普遍性需要更多研究。)
18
summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结,概括,概要;adj. 总结性的
The teacher asked us to write a summary of the story.(老师让我们写一篇故事摘要。)
summarize /ˈsʌməraɪz/ v. 总结,概括
Please summarize the main points of the speech in three sentences.(请用三句话总结演讲的要点。)
19
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特色,特征;v. 以…为特色
This restaurant features delicious seafood.(这家餐厅以美味的海鲜为特色。)
featured /ˈfiːtʃəd/ adj. 特写的,有…特色的
The actress is featured on the cover of this magazine.(这位女演员是这本杂志的封面特写人物。)
20
author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者,作家;v. 创作,撰写
Who is the author of the popular novel 《Harry Potter》?(热门小说《哈利·波特》的作者是谁?)
1. author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ v. 创作,撰写2. authorial /ɔːˈθɔːriəl/ adj. 作者的,创作的
1. He authored two books about history last year.(他去年写了两本关于历史的书。)2. We can feel the authorial style from this passage.(从这段文字中我们能感受到作者的风格。)
21
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ n. 重要议题;问题;报刊一期;v. 宣布,公布
The main issue we need to discuss today is environmental protection.(我们今天要讨论的主要议题是环境保护。)
issued /ˈɪʃuːd/ adj. 已发行的,已发布的
The new textbook was issued by the education department.(这本新课本是教育部发行的。)
22
novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 长篇小说;adj. 新颖的
I read a very interesting novel during the summer holiday.(暑假期间我读了一本很有趣的小说。)
novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ n. 小说家
Mo Yan is a famous Chinese novelist who won the Nobel Prize.(莫言是获得诺贝尔奖的著名中国小说家。)
23
context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 背景,环境;上下文,语境
You need to understand the context before translating this sentence.(翻译这个句子前,你需要理解上下文。)
contextual /kənˈtekstʃuəl/ adj. 上下文的,语境的
Our English teacher often asks us to do contextual exercises.(我们英语老师经常让我们做语境练习。)
24
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的
Can you tell me the specific time of the meeting?(你能告诉我会议的具体时间吗?)
1. specifically /spəˈsɪfɪkli/ adv. 特别地,明确地2. specificity /ˌspesɪˈfɪsəti/ n. 特异性,特殊性
1. He specifically told me to wait for him at the school gate.(他明确告诉我在学校门口等他。)2. The specificity of this medicine makes it work for this disease.(这种药物的特异性让它对这种病有效。)
25
particular /pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 特别的;特指的;挑剔的
She has a particular love for classical music.(她对古典音乐有特别的喜爱。)
1. particularly /pəˈtɪkjələrli/ adv. 尤其,特别2. particularity /pəˌtɪkjuˈlærəti/ n. 特殊性,细节
1. I like all fruits, particularly bananas.(我喜欢所有水果,尤其是香蕉。)2. The teacher asked us to pay attention to the particularity of this experiment.(老师让我们注意这个实验的特殊性。)
26
collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收藏品;作品集;募捐
My grandfather has a collection of old stamps.(我爷爷有一套旧邮票收藏。)
1. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集,采集2. collective /kəˈlektɪv/ adj. 集体的,共同的
1. I collect leaves from different trees as a hobby.(我把收集不同树的叶子当作爱好。)2. This is a collective decision made by all class members.(这是全班同学共同做出的集体决定。)
27
section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 部分,部门;部件,散件;v. 划分,切开
This section of the road is being repaired now.(这段路现在正在维修。)
1. section /ˈsekʃn/ v. 划分,切开2. sectional /ˈsekʃənl/ adj. 部分的,局部的
1. The teacher sectioned the class into four groups for discussion.(老师把班级分成四组进行讨论。)2. We need to make a sectional plan for the project.(我们需要为这个项目制定局部计划。)
28
mean /miːn/ adj. 吝啬的,刻薄的;v. 意思是,意味着
Don’t be mean to your classmates—we should help each other.(别对同学刻薄,我们应该互相帮助。)
1. meanness /miːnnəs/ n. 吝啬,刻薄2. meanly /miːnli/ adv. 吝啬地,刻薄地
1. His meanness made no one want to play with him.(他的吝啬让没人愿意和他玩。)2. She spoke meanly about her friend behind his back.(她在朋友背后刻薄地谈论他。)
29
transport /trænˈspɔːt/ v. 运输,运送;n. 交通运输系统;运输
Trucks transport vegetables from the farm to the city.(卡车把蔬菜从农场运到城市。)
transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ n. 运输,交通运输系统
Public transportation like buses and subways is cheap and convenient.(公交、地铁等公共交通既便宜又方便。)
30
generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
His generosity in donating money to poor children is praised by everyone.(他给贫困儿童捐款的慷慨行为受到所有人称赞。)
1. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的,大方的2. generously /ˈdʒenərəsli/ adv. 慷慨地,大方地
1. My aunt is a generous woman who often helps others.(我姑姑是个慷慨的女人,经常帮助别人。)2. They donated generously to the disaster-stricken area.(他们向灾区慷慨捐款。)
31
poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗集,诗歌
We learned a beautiful piece of poetry in our Chinese class.(我们在语文课上学了一首优美的诗歌。)
1. poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ n. 诗人2. poetic /pəʊˈetɪk/ adj. 诗歌的,诗意的
1. Du Fu is a great poet in Chinese history.(杜甫是中国历史上伟大的诗人。)2. The sunset over the lake creates a poetic scene.(湖上的日落构成了一幅诗意的景象。)
32
autobiography /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n. 自传
The famous singer wrote an autobiography about her life.(这位著名歌手写了一本关于自己人生的自传。)
1. autobiographer /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 自传作者2. autobiographical /ˌɔːtəbaɪəˈɡræfɪkl/ adj. 自传的,自传体的
1. He became a well-known autobiographer after writing his life story.(他写了自己的人生故事后,成了著名的自传作者。)2. This book has many autobiographical stories about the writer.(这本书里有很多关于作者的自传体故事。)
33
biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n. 传记,传记作品
I want to read a biography of Yuan Longping to learn about his life.(我想读一本袁隆平的传记,了解他的人生。)
1. biographer /baɪˈɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 传记作者2. biographical /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkl/ adj. 传记的,传记体的
1. The biographer spent five years writing this book.(这位传记作者花了五年时间写这本书。)2. The teacher asked us to find some biographical information about Einstein.(老师让我们找一些关于爱因斯坦的传记信息。)
34
extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其,非常,极端
It was extremely hot yesterday, so we stayed at home.(昨天非常热,所以我们待在了家里。)
extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极端的,极度的
Don’t do things in an extreme way—be reasonable.(别用极端的方式做事,要理性。)
35
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏
The heavy rain destroyed many houses in the small village.(暴雨摧毁了这个小村庄的很多房屋。)
1. destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏,毁灭2. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的,毁灭性的
1. The war brought great destruction to the country.(战争给这个国家带来了巨大的破坏。)2. Earthquakes are destructive natural disasters.(地震是具有破坏性的自然灾害。)
36
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v. 击败,战胜;n. 失败,战败;击败
Our football team defeated the visiting team yesterday.(我们的足球队昨天击败了客队。)
defeated /dɪˈfiːtɪd/ adj. 被击败的,受挫的
The defeated team didn’t give up and decided to practice harder.(被击败的队伍没有放弃,决定更刻苦地训练。)
37
attempt /əˈtempt/ v. & n. 努力,尝试,试图
He attempted to climb the small hill alone.(他尝试独自爬上那座小山。)
attempted /əˈtemptɪd/ adj. 企图的,未遂的
The police stopped an attempted theft in the supermarket.(警察在超市阻止了一起未遂盗窃案。)
38
straighten /ˈstreɪtn/ v. 挺直;(使)变直,变正
She stood up and straightened her clothes before meeting the teacher.(见老师前,她站起来整理了一下衣服。)
straight /streɪt/ adj. 直的,笔直的;adv. 直接地,笔直地
1. The road in front of our school is long and straight.(我们学校前面的路又长又直。)2. Go straight along this street, and you’ll see the park.(沿着这条街直走,你就能看到公园。)
39
strain /streɪn/ n. 用劲,压力,拉力;v. 拉紧,尽力
He is under great strain because of his busy work.(因为工作繁忙,他承受着很大的压力。)
strained /streɪnd/ adj. 紧张的,勉强的
The relationship between the two friends became strained after the argument.(争吵后,这两个朋友的关系变得紧张了。)
40
accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ v. 完成
She worked hard to accomplish her goal of passing the exam.(她努力学习,实现了通过考试的目标。)
1. accomplishment /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ n. 成就,完成2. accomplished /əˈkʌmplɪʃt/ adj. 熟练的,有造诣的
1. Finishing this project on time is a great accomplishment for us.(按时完成这个项目对我们来说是一大成就。)2. He is accomplished in playing the guitar.(他在弹吉他方面很有造诣。)
41
noble /ˈnəʊbl/ adj. 贵族的,高贵的;崇高的;n. 贵族
He has a noble heart and always helps people in need.(他有一颗高尚的心,总是帮助有需要的人。)
1. nobly /ˈnəʊbli/ adv. 高贵地,崇高地2. nobility /nəʊˈbɪləti/ n. 贵族,高贵品质
1. She acted nobly when she gave her seat to the old man.(她把座位让给老人,行为很高尚。)2. Kindness and honesty are part of nobility.(善良和诚实是高贵品质的一部分。)
42
confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
I was confused by the difficult math problem.(这道难的数学题让我很困惑。)
1. confuse /kənˈfjuːz/ v. 使困惑,混淆2. confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/ n. 困惑,混淆
1. Don’t confuse “right” with “write”—they have different meanings.(别把“right(正确的)”和“write(写)”弄混,它们意思不同。)2. There was confusion in the classroom when the bell rang suddenly.(铃声突然响起时,教室里一片混乱。)
43
weave /wiːv/ v. 迂回行进;编织
My grandma weaves a scarf for me every winter.(奶奶每年冬天都给我织一条围巾。)
1. weaving /ˈwiːvɪŋ/ n. 编织物,编织2. woven /ˈwəʊvn/ adj. 编织的
1. Weaving is a traditional skill in this small town.(编织是这个小镇的传统技艺。)2. This basket is made of woven bamboo.(这个篮子是用编织的竹子做的。)
44
flash /flæʃ/ n. 闪光;闪现;v. (使)闪光;(使)闪现
A flash of lightning lit up the dark sky.(一道闪电照亮了黑暗的天空。)
flashy /ˈflæʃi/ adj. 浮华的,闪光的
He doesn’t like flashy clothes—he prefers simple styles.(他不喜欢花哨的衣服,更喜欢简约的风格。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$