摘要:
本讲义聚焦初中英语核心语法点——现在完成时,系统构建从基本结构到实际运用的知识支架:先厘清“对现在的影响”与“持续到现在的状态”两大用法,再通过标志词(如already, for, since)明确时间逻辑,最后对比一般过去时强化语境辨析能力,形成由理解到应用的完整学习链条。
该资料设计亮点突出语言能力、思维品质与学习能力的融合培养。例如,在单项选择第1题中引导学生通过语境判断“have never seen”而非“had never seen”,锻炼了语境推理能力;在填空题23题中结合“since 2010”强化时间状语与动词时态的匹配意识,提升语言准确性;课后练习第44题要求将一般过去时改写为现在完成时,促进学生主动反思时态差异,发展批判性思维。整份资料既适合课堂精讲精练,又便于学生课后自主查漏补缺,有效助力学生实现从知识掌握到语言输出的跃升。
内容正文:
Unit 1 单元语法知识过关讲练
内容概况
1、语法知识讲解
· 现在完成时态
2、过关练
· 单选选择
· 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
· 完成句子。
语法知识讲解
1. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法:
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例:I have lost my key. 我丢了我的钥匙。(导致了现在无法开门的结果)
Have you eaten lunch? 你吃午饭了吗?(关注“是否吃过了,还要不要吃”)
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
例:They have lived here for 10 years.他们在这里住了10年。(过去开始直到现在仍居住)
She has worked here since 2018. 她自2018年以来一直在这里工作。(直到现在仍工作)
2. 现在完成时的基本结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
例:I have studied English for 3 years. 我学英语已经三年了。
We have seen this movie twice. 我们已经看过这部电影两次了。
(2)否定句:主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他
例:You haven't closed the window yet. 你还没关窗户。
They haven't gone to the party. 他们还没有去参加聚会。
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't.
例:Have you visited the museum? 你参观过博物馆吗?
—Has he found his keys? 他找到钥匙了吗?
—Yes, he has. / No, she hasn't.
3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则
规则类型
变化方式
示例
一般情况
直接加 -ed
work → worked
以 e 结尾
加 -d
dance → danced
辅音字母 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied
末尾为重读闭音节
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
stop → stopped
以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
plan → planned
不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些
原形
过去式
过去分词
原形
过去式
过去分词
go
went
gone
see
saw
seen
do
did
done
eat
ate
eaten
get
got
got
take
took
taken
make
made
made
write
wrote
written
read
read
read
break
broke
broken
forget
forgot
forgotten
speak
spoke
spoken
swim
swam
swum
choose
chose
chosen
cost
cost
cost
become
became
become
build
built
built
be
was/were
been
4. 现在完成时态的标志词。
现在完成时态常与以下这些词或短语连用
(1)already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。
(2) “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。
例:She has already read the new novel. 她已经读完了那本新小说。
Have you finished your report yet? 你完成报告了吗?
The train has just arrived at the station. 火车刚刚到达车站。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
We have never forgotten the lessons from history. 我们从未忘记历史的教训。
They have lived in this city for 10 years. 他们在这座城市住了10年。
Has she worked here since 2020? 她自2020年以来一直在这里工作吗?
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态
侧重点
例句
现在完成时
过去动作对现在的影响
We have lived here for 5 years.(现在还居住在这里)
一般过去时
过去发生的具体动作
We lived here in 2018.(仅仅只是陈述2018年的居住情况,不涉及现在)
过关练
一、单项选择
1.—What an exciting match!
—Yes. I ________ such a great one before!
A.will never see B.had never seen C.never see D.have never seen
2.—Would you like to see the movie this evening?
—Oh, it’s a good movie. But I ________ it already.
A.haven’t seen B.have seen C.see D.will see
3.They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far.
A.don’t hear from B.didn’t hear from C.haven’t heard from D.won’t hear from
4.—Have you finished your science project yet, Danny?
—No. I ________ anything useful so far, but I won’t stop trying.
A.didn’t invent B.haven’t invented C.won’t invent D.don’t invent
5.In the past few years, the Shanghai government ________ many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient.
A.had built B.has built C.built D.has been built
6.This is the most interesting film I ________.
A.saw B.to see C.have seen D.seeing
7.There ________ great changes in this town over the past 10 years.
A.will be B.used to be C.have been D.has been
8.I don’t want to watch the dolphin show, because I ________ it already.
A.will watch B.watch C.have watched D.watched
9.I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test till now.
A.finish B.finished C.will finish D.have finished
10.—Mum, my knee hurts a lot.
—How long have you ________ this?
A.liked B.be like C.been like D.been liked
11.—Will you watch the TV series Three-Body (三体) with me together?
—Thank you. But I ________ it already.
A.see B.saw C.will see D.have seen
12.In the last few years, the city ________ many old trees due to urban development.
A.lost B.has lost C.loses D.is losing
13.Thanks to the local government’s support, tourism in this village ________ a lot in the past decade (十年).
A.develops B.developed C.will develop D.has developed
14.The life we were used to ________ over the past 50 years.
A.changed B.has changed C.changing D.is changed
15.—________ you ________ your homework yet?
—Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
A.Do; finish B.Have; finished C.Are; finishing D.Will; finish
16.It is true that AI _________ our life a lot in the past few years.
A.changes B.has changed C.will change D.is changing
17.The environment in Gansu Province ________ a lot in the past few years.
A.improved B.will improve C.was improving D.has improved
18.The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again.
A.has; changed B.will; change C.is; changing D.was; changing
19.________ you ________ a story for the contest?
A.Have; written B.Do; write C.Are; writing D.Will; write
20.—________ you ________ (find) your keys?
—I can’t find mine.
A.Have; found B.Do; find C.Are; finding D.Will; find
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
21.China (become) one of the strongest countries in the world already.
22.We (not agree) on where to go for our family trip yet.
23.Alex (study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
24.—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song?
—No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I (eat) some zongzi.
25.I (invite) the whole class of children, so no one feels unhappy.
26.—May I speak to Wang Hong?
—Sorry, she is not at home. She (go) to Beijing.
27.Steve (improve) his English with the help of his teacher.
28.I had already (lie) down when he came in.
29.He has for his carelessness several times. (apology)
30.The boy has (realize) his dream by working hard. How happy he was!
31.For years, the team (create) many “firsts” in China’s sporting history.
32.The population living in cities near water (increase) in the past 20 years.
33.So far I (make) lots of friends in my school.
34.Lisa has (travel) to many countries and knows much about their cultures.
35.China (be) already one of the strongest countries in the world.
三、完成句子。
36.不要为已经发生的事情感到悲伤。
Don’t feel bad about things that .
37.我的哥哥刚刚打扫了他的房间。
My brother his room.
38.——鲍勃已经到了吗?
——不,他正在路上。他很快就到这里。
— Bob arrived ?
—No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here soon.
39.我很想和你一起去那里,但是我还没有完成我的任务。
I’d love to go there with you, but I my task .
40.贝姬已经创作了一个关于女孩和她朋友们的故事。
Becky already a story about a girl and her friends.
41.这是我见过的最漂亮的地方。
This is the most beautiful place that I .
42.我已经替你把地址写下来。
I down the address for you.
43.此外,我完全意识到了小组内互助的重要性。
Besides, I fully the importance of helping each other in groups.
44.They played football an hour ago. (用现在完成时改写)
They football an hour.
45.自从我出生以来,我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。
Since I was born, my family in the same flat.
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Unit 1 单元语法知识过关讲练
内容概况
1、语法知识讲解
· 现在完成时态
2、过关练
· 单选选择
· 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
· 完成句子。
语法知识讲解
1. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法:
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例:I have lost my key. 我丢了我的钥匙。(导致了现在无法开门的结果)
Have you eaten lunch? 你吃午饭了吗?(关注“是否吃过了,还要不要吃”)
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
例:They have lived here for 10 years.他们在这里住了10年。(过去开始直到现在仍居住)
She has worked here since 2018. 她自2018年以来一直在这里工作。(直到现在仍工作)
2. 现在完成时的基本结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
例:I have studied English for 3 years. 我学英语已经三年了。
We have seen this movie twice. 我们已经看过这部电影两次了。
(2)否定句:主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他
例:You haven't closed the window yet. 你还没关窗户。
They haven't gone to the party. 他们还没有去参加聚会。
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't.
例:Have you visited the museum? 你参观过博物馆吗?
—Has he found his keys? 他找到钥匙了吗?
—Yes, he has. / No, she hasn't.
3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则
规则类型
变化方式
示例
一般情况
直接加 -ed
work → worked
以 e 结尾
加 -d
dance → danced
辅音字母 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied
末尾为重读闭音节
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
stop → stopped
以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
plan → planned
不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些
原形
过去式
过去分词
原形
过去式
过去分词
go
went
gone
see
saw
seen
do
did
done
eat
ate
eaten
get
got
got
take
took
taken
make
made
made
write
wrote
written
read
read
read
break
broke
broken
forget
forgot
forgotten
speak
spoke
spoken
swim
swam
swum
choose
chose
chosen
cost
cost
cost
become
became
become
build
built
built
be
was/were
been
4. 现在完成时态的标志词。
现在完成时态常与以下这些词或短语连用
(1)already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。
(2) “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。
例:She has already read the new novel. 她已经读完了那本新小说。
Have you finished your report yet? 你完成报告了吗?
The train has just arrived at the station. 火车刚刚到达车站。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
We have never forgotten the lessons from history. 我们从未忘记历史的教训。
They have lived in this city for 10 years. 他们在这座城市住了10年。
Has she worked here since 2020? 她自2020年以来一直在这里工作吗?
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态
侧重点
例句
现在完成时
过去动作对现在的影响
We have lived here for 5 years.(现在还居住在这里)
一般过去时
过去发生的具体动作
We lived here in 2018.(仅仅只是陈述2018年的居住情况,不涉及现在)
过关练
一、单项选择
1.—What an exciting match!
—Yes. I ________ such a great one before!
A.will never see B.had never seen C.never see D.have never seen
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——多么激动人心的比赛啊!——是的。我以前从未见过这么精彩的比赛!
考查动词时态。根据“I...such a great one before!”可知,此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”,主语为I,助动词用have。故选D。
2.—Would you like to see the movie this evening?
—Oh, it’s a good movie. But I ________ it already.
A.haven’t seen B.have seen C.see D.will see
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你今晚想去看电影吗?——哦,这是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。
考查动词时态。haven’t seen没有看过,现在完成时的否定形式;have seen已经看过,现在完成时的肯定形式;see看,动词原形;will see将要看,一般将来时。根据“But I...it already.”可知,此处表达的是已经看过了,所以用现在完成时,且此处表示肯定意义。故选B。
3.They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far.
A.don’t hear from B.didn’t hear from C.haven’t heard from D.won’t hear from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他们上周去了北京,到现在我们还没有他们的消息。
考查时态。so far表示“到目前为止”,常与现在完成时连用,其构成为主语+have/has+done。故选C。
4.—Have you finished your science project yet, Danny?
—No. I ________ anything useful so far, but I won’t stop trying.
A.didn’t invent B.haven’t invented C.won’t invent D.don’t invent
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Danny,你的科学项目完成了吗?——不。到目前为止,我还没有发明任何有用的东西,但我不会停止尝试。
考查现在完成时。didn’t invent没有发明,一般过去时;haven’t invented还没有发明,现在完成时;won’t invent不会发明,一般将来时;don’t invent不发明,一般现在时。根据“so far”可知,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has + 过去分词,故选B。
5.In the past few years, the Shanghai government ________ many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient.
A.had built B.has built C.built D.has been built
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,上海政府修建了许多新的地铁线路,使交通更加便利。
考查现在完成时。根据“In the past few years”可知,此处需用现在完成时,谓语动词构成是have/has+过去分词,主语“the Shanghai government”为单数,因此用has built。故选B。
6.This is the most interesting film I ________.
A.saw B.to see C.have seen D.seeing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
考查动词时态。根据分析句子结构可知,空处为定语从句,当主句使用最高级the most interesting时,定语从句常用现在完成时,其结构为have/has + 过去分词,表示从过去到现在的经历或影响。从句主语为I,助动词用have。故选C。
7.There ________ great changes in this town over the past 10 years.
A.will be B.used to be C.have been D.has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在过去的十年里,这个城镇发生了巨大的变化。
考查现在完成时。根据“over the past 10 years”可知本句时态为现在完成时,There be句型的现在完成时结构是“There have/has been”,“great changes”是复数,故选C。
8.I don’t want to watch the dolphin show, because I ________ it already.
A.will watch B.watch C.have watched D.watched
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我不想去看海豚表演,因为我已经看过了。
考查现在完成时。由“already”可知,此句时态为现在完成时,用“have/has done”结构。故选C。
9.I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test till now.
A.finish B.finished C.will finish D.have finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我很高兴到现在为止我已经完成了将近一半的测试。
考查时态。根据“I’m so glad that I…nearly half of the test till now.”可知,句中有时间状语till now,强调从过去开始到现在这个时间段里完成了将近一半的测试,这种过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响,所以句子时态应该用现在完成时。故选D。
10.—Mum, my knee hurts a lot.
—How long have you ________ this?
A.liked B.be like C.been like D.been liked
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我的膝盖很疼。——你像这样多久了?
考查现在完成时。根据“How long have you...this?”可知,此处表示像这样多久了,be like“像”,结合空前助动词have,可知此空需用动词be的过去分词形式。故选C。
11.—Will you watch the TV series Three-Body (三体) with me together?
—Thank you. But I ________ it already.
A.see B.saw C.will see D.have seen
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你愿意和我一起看电视剧《三体》吗?——非常感谢。但我已经看了。
考查时态。根据“already”可知,此句时态为现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”。故选D。
12.In the last few years, the city ________ many old trees due to urban development.
A.lost B.has lost C.loses D.is losing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在过去几年里,由于城市发展,这座城市失去了许多古树。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时“has lost”。故选B。
13.Thanks to the local government’s support, tourism in this village ________ a lot in the past decade (十年).
A.develops B.developed C.will develop D.has developed
【答案】D
【详解】句意:由于当地政府的支持,这个村庄的旅游业在过去十年里发展了很多。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past decade”可知,句子表达的是过去十年到现在的一个时间段,应该使用现在完成时。故选D。
14.The life we were used to ________ over the past 50 years.
A.changed B.has changed C.changing D.is changed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在过去的50年里,我们习惯的生活发生了变化。
考查现在完成时。changed一般过去时;has changed现在完成时;changing现在分词;is changed被动语态。根据“over the past 50 years.”可知,时态应用现在完成时,表示“改变已经发生”。故选B。
15.—________ you ________ your homework yet?
—Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
A.Do; finish B.Have; finished C.Are; finishing D.Will; finish
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗?——是的,我一个小时前就完成了。
考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时“have/has done”的标志词,用于一般疑问句。故选B
16.It is true that AI _________ our life a lot in the past few years.
A.changes B.has changed C.will change D.is changing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:AI确实在过去的几年里大大改变了我们的生活。
考查动词时态。changes一般现在时第三人称单数形式; has changed现在完成时;will change一般将来时;is changing正在进行时。根据时间状语“in the past few years”并结合语境可知,句子应用现在完成时。故选B。
17.The environment in Gansu Province ________ a lot in the past few years.
A.improved B.will improve C.was improving D.has improved
【答案】D
【详解】句意:甘肃省的环境在过去几年中有了很大的改善。
考查时态。根据“in the past few years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,构成为have/has done,主语为“The environment”,因此助动词用has。故选D。
18.The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again.
A.has; changed B.will; change C.is; changing D.was; changing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:智能冰箱刚刚改变了温度。无需再次设置。
考查现在完成时。根据“just”和“You don’t need to set again.”可知,智能冰箱刚改变了温度,所以现在没有必要再去设置,说明句子应用现在完成时,其谓语结构为:have/has+过去分词。故选A。
19.________ you ________ a story for the contest?
A.Have; written B.Do; write C.Are; writing D.Will; write
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你为比赛写故事了吗?
考查时态辨析。根据句意可知是过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,使用现在完成时have/has done,故选A。
20.—________ you ________ (find) your keys?
—I can’t find mine.
A.Have; found B.Do; find C.Are; finding D.Will; find
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你找到你的钥匙了吗?——我找不到我的。
考查时态。根据“...you...your keys”可知此处询问对方是否找到了钥匙,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。
二、单词拼写
21.China (become) one of the strongest countries in the world already.
【答案】has become
【详解】句意:中国已经成为世界上最强大的国家之一。根据“already”可知,此句用现在完成时,其构成为“has/have done”,主语“China”为第三人称单数,用has构成完成时,become的过去分词为become。故填has become。
22.We (not agree) on where to go for our family trip yet.
【答案】haven’t agreed
【详解】句意:我们还没有就家庭旅行去哪里达成一致。根据“yet”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”,主语“We”是第一人称复数,所以助动词用have,其否定形式为haven’t;agree“同意”,动词,其过去分词为agreed。故填haven’t agreed。
23.Alex (study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
【答案】has studied
【详解】句意:自2010年来到中国后,亚历克斯就一直在研究茶文化。since he came to China in 2010是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,强调从过去某个时间点开始的动作,一直持续到现在,或对现在造成影响,句型结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”;Alex为第三人称单数,助动词需用has;study的过去分词是studied。故填has studied。
24.—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song?
—No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I (eat) some zongzi.
【答案】have eaten
【详解】句意:——宋先生,您想吃点什么吗?——不用了,谢谢。我不饿。我已经吃过一些粽子了。根据“No, thanks. I’m not hungry”可知,动作发生在过去且对现在有影响,现在不饿了,用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。主语为“I”,助动词用have;eat“吃”,动词,过去分词为eaten。故填have eaten。
25.I (invite) the whole class of children, so no one feels unhappy.
【答案】have invited
【详解】句意:我邀请了全班的孩子,所以没有人感到不开心。invite意为“邀请”,动词。此句表示动作已完成,强调对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have invited。
26.—May I speak to Wang Hong?
—Sorry, she is not at home. She (go) to Beijing.
【答案】has gone
【详解】句意:——我可以和王红通话吗?——抱歉,她不在家。她去北京了。根据“she is not at home”可知,她不在家,也就是说她去了北京还没回来,用现在完成时“have/has done”,主语为“She”,助动词用has,go的过去分词为gone。故填has gone。
27.Steve (improve) his English with the help of his teacher.
【答案】has improved
【详解】句意:史蒂夫在他老师的帮助下提高了他的英语水平。根据“Steve … his English with the help of his teacher.”以及括号内所给单词 “improve” 的提示可知,已经提高了英语水平,时态宜用现在完成时,主语是单数,has improved符合句意,故填has improved。
28.I had already (lie) down when he came in.
【答案】lain
【详解】句意:他进来时,我已经躺下了。lie“躺”,根据already可知,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has done,lie的过去分词为lain。故填lain。
29.He has for his carelessness several times. (apology)
【答案】apologized
【详解】句意:他已经为自己的粗心大意道歉好几次了。根据句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语动词。“apology”是名词,其动词形式是“apologize”。根据“has”以及“several times”可知,这里使用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,故填apologized。
30.The boy has (realize) his dream by working hard. How happy he was!
【答案】realized
【详解】句意:这个男孩通过努力实现了他的梦想。他是多么高兴啊!根据“The boy has...his dream by working hard. How happy he was!”可知,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has done,realize“实现”,过去分词形式为realized,故填realized。
31.For years, the team (create) many “firsts” in China’s sporting history.
【答案】has created
【详解】句意:多年来,该团队在中国体育史上创造了许多“第一”。根据“For years”可知,句子时态应该用现在完成时。结构为have/has done,主语为名词单数。故填has created。
32.The population living in cities near water (increase) in the past 20 years.
【答案】has increased
【详解】句意:过去二十年来,住在水边城市的人口有所增加。根据“in the past 20 years”可知,本句是现在完成,结构为have/has+done,主语population是不可数名词,助动词应用has,increase的过去分词为increased。故填has increased。
33.So far I (make) lots of friends in my school.
【答案】have made
【详解】句意:到目前为止,我在学校里交了很多朋友。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时,结构为:have/has done,主语为I,助动词用have,make的过去分词为made。故填have made。
34.Lisa has (travel) to many countries and knows much about their cultures.
【答案】travelled/traveled
【详解】句意:Lisa已经去过很多国家,对这些国家的文化了解很多。此处应用现在完成时has done的结构,travel的过去分词是travelled/traveled,故填travelled/traveled。
35.China (be) already one of the strongest countries in the world.
【答案】has been
【详解】句意:中国已经是世界上最强大的国家之一。根据“already”可知,此句时态为现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”;主语是第三人称单数,所以填has;be的过去分词为been。故填has been。
三、完成句子
36.不要为已经发生的事情感到悲伤。
Don’t feel bad about things that .
【答案】 have already happened
【详解】“已经发生”提示用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,先行词“things”是复数,所以用“have”;“already”表示“已经”;“happen”的过去分词是“happened”。故填have;already;happened。
37.我的哥哥刚刚打扫了他的房间。
My brother his room.
【答案】 has just cleaned
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,just“刚刚”,副词;clean“打扫”,动词;此句时态为现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”,主语是My brother,助动词用has。故填has;just;cleaned。
38.——鲍勃已经到了吗?
——不,他正在路上。他很快就到这里。
— Bob arrived ?
—No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here soon.
【答案】 Has yet
【详解】此句描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”;主语是Bob,应用助动词has,疑问句中,应将has置于主语前,位于句首,首字母要大写;yet“已经”,副词,常用于现在完成时的疑问句或否定句中。故填Has;yet。
39.我很想和你一起去那里,但是我还没有完成我的任务。
I’d love to go there with you, but I my task .
【答案】 haven’t finished yet
【详解】根据语境可知,“还没有完成任务”这一动作对现在造成了影响(即不能一起去那里),且强调过去发生的动作持续到现在还未完成,所以时态应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。主语是“I”,助动词用“have”,“完成”是finish,其过去分词是finished;“还没有”用“yet”表示。故填haven’t;finished;yet。
40.贝姬已经创作了一个关于女孩和她朋友们的故事。
Becky already a story about a girl and her friends.
【答案】 has made up
【详解】由“already” 可知句子用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语“Becky”是第三人称单数,用“has”;make up意为“编造,创作”,“make”的过去分词是“made”。故填has;made;up。
41.这是我见过的最漂亮的地方。
This is the most beautiful place that I .
【答案】 have seen
【详解】see“看见”,此处表示“我见过的”,因此用现在完成时,主语是I,谓语用have seen,故填have;seen。
42.我已经替你把地址写下来。
I down the address for you.
【答案】 have written
【详解】写下:write down,动词短语;根据语境可知事情已发生且与现在有关,应用现在完成时;主语为I,助动词用have,write的过去分词为written。故填have;written。
43.此外,我完全意识到了小组内互助的重要性。
Besides, I fully the importance of helping each other in groups.
【答案】 have realised/realized
【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“意识到”,“意识到”realise/realize;且根据语境,这里强调现在已经完全意识到,用现在完成时“have+过去分词”,故填have;realised/realized。
44.They played football an hour ago. (用现在完成时改写)
They football an hour.
【答案】 have played for
【详解】句意:他们一小时前踢过足球。变为现在完成时,结构为have/has done,主语为“They”,助动词用have;play的过去分词为played;“an hour ago”需改为表示持续时间的for an hour。故填have;played;for。
45.自从我出生以来,我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。
Since I was born, my family in the same flat.
【答案】 have lived
【详解】对照中英文可知,缺少“住”。根据“Since I was born”可知,此句时态为为现在完成时,结构为have/has done。主语为“my family”,指家人时,强调成员个体,助动词用have;“住”用动词live,过去分词为lived。故填have lived。
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