Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

Grammar and usage Sentence elements and sentence structures B1 U1 Back to school Made by Miss Feng 01 Sentence elements 主语 Subject 主语(S)：句子的主体，想干啥就干啥，想揍谁就揍谁！ 宾语 Object 宾语(O)：动作的承受者，只能默默承受主语的蹂躏。 主语 Subject Xiaoxi beats Xiaoha. 主语 宾语 谓语(V)：主语的动作或行为，就是干！ 谓语 Verb The old man kidnaps the girl. 主语 谓语 宾语 The girl fights against the old man. 主语 谓语 宾语 The emperor is chased by the warrior. 主语 谓语 状语 在被动语态中，主语就是动作的承受者 好汉饶命， 好汉饶命！ 风水轮流转，今年到我家！ The man is asking the woman her name. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 有些动词可以跟两个宾语，通常一个指人，一个指物 The woman tells the man her talent. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 有些动词可以跟两个宾语，一个指人一个指物, “人间物直” The emperor is dancing on the city wall. 主语 谓语 状语 Adverbial 状语(A)：修饰谓语或整句的成分，就是怎么干！ After the death of her husband, the woman danced on the coffin with her brothers. 主语 谓语 地点状语 方式状语 时间状语 巴厘岛送葬晚会 The emperor is fiercely shooting his enemies with a machine gun. 主语 方式状语 方式状语 谓语 宾语 The man with a green hat volunteers to go to the war. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 Attributive 定语(A)：修饰名词的成分，决定了名词长啥样。 The slim woman with curly hair in a short dress is dancing with her three idiot brothers who nearly have no hair. 主语 谓语 定语 定语 定语 定语 定语 谓语 The emperor shot his enemies dead. 主语 宾语 宾补(OC)：补充说明主语的行为对宾语造成的结果。 宾补 谓语 Xiaoxi beats Xiaoha to death. 主语 宾语 宾补 谓语 The warrior drove the emperor running. 主语 宾语 宾补 The emperor was driven running. 主补 主语 谓语 主补(SC)：在被动句中，原来的宾语变成了主语，所以原来的宾补就变成了主补 谓语 The doctor told the patient to open his mouth. 主语 宾语 主补：在被动句中，原来的宾语变成了主语，所以原来的宾补就变成了主补。 宾补 The patient was told to open his mouth. 主补 主语 谓语 宾语 Huangshang, emperor of the empire, declares war against Lumao, minister of another country. 主语 同位语 谓语 同位语 谓语 Huangshang, emperor of the empire, was chased by Bull, warrior from our tribe. 主语 状语 同位语 同位语 同位语(Appositive)：复指名词，对名词的身份作进一步的说明 句子成分八大金刚： 主语：句子的主体，想干啥就干啥，想揍谁就揍谁！ 主干 三剑客 谓语：主语的动作或行为，就是干！ 宾语：动作的承受者，只能默默承受主语的蹂躏。 修饰 五喽喽 状语：修饰谓语或整句的成分，就是怎么干！ 定语：修饰名词的成分，决定了名词长啥样。 宾补：补充说明主语的行为对宾语造成的结果。 主补：在被动句中，原来的宾补就变成了主补。 同位语：复指名词，对名词的身份作进一步的说明。 嘻哈口诀： 句子主体是主语，动作对象是宾语； 想要干啥是谓语，要怎么干是状语； 修饰名词是定语，复指名词同位语； 补充宾语是宾补；被动句中变主补。 划分下列句子成分： With a gun in his hand, Zhaoge, our English teacher ,who always wears sunglasses, ordered the trembling students in school uniforms to hand in their homework the next day after class. 状语 主语 同位语 谓语 宾语 定语 宾补 状语 定语 定语 02 Sentence structures Exploring the rules Watch the speech gave by Miss Yan on page 6 and answer the questions. What does Albert Einstein say? Do you agree with him? What’s the significance of setting goals? Albert Einstein said, “If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal.” (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2) setting goals gives you a focus in life. By setting goals now , you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. (3)These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5)you will live a happy life. Suject Verb I agree. Subject Verb Predicative Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement These habits will be helpful You will live a happy life Setting goals gives you a focus Setting goals makes you more confident I agree. You will live a happy life. These habits will be helpful. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. setting goals makes you more confident. Match each sentence with the correct struture. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC SV SVO SVP SVOO SVOC Grammar focus：basic sentence structure 1. 主 + 谓 （S+V） 2. 主 + 谓 + 宾 (S+V+O) 4. 主 +谓 + 宾 + 宾 (S +V+O+O) 5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 (S+V+O+OC) 3. 主 + 系 + 表 (S+V+P) 句型 一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见不及物动词：happen, occur, come about, take place , come, work, live, rise, arrive, go… 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 !!! 不及物动词加宾语要+介词 eg. We arrive in Beijing. 划分下列句子成分 It is raining now. We’ve worked for 5 hours. The meeting lasted half an hour. Time flies. S V S V S V S V 句型 二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 这类句子的谓语动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 eg：I like English. They are reading book. 划分下列句子成分 People all over the world speak English. He did not know what to say. He practices speaking English every day. S V O S V O S V O 句型 三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 系动词 linking verb 常见的系动词有： ①be动词： ； ②感官系动词： ； ③变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有：_________________________; ④结果类系动词有:______________________; ⑤持续系动词有:___________________________; ⑥表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”，主要有:______________________。 am, is, are, was, were feel, smell, sound, taste, look become, get, go, grow prove, turn out keep, stay, remain seem, appear, look 如何区分系动词和谓语动词 那个包包很好看。 酒有甜味。 这位演员成了大明星。 把动词换成be动词（纯粹的“是”），句子意思仍然差不多 我吃了一个蛋糕 校长发表了一个演讲。 That purse looks pretty. The wine tastes sweet. The actor became a big star. I ate a cake. The principal gave a speech. =is =is =was ≠ am ≠ was linking verb linking verb linking verb verb verb 句型 四 Ｓ +Ｖ + O + O（主＋谓＋宾＋宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, buy, promise ... 主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物) He gave me a coin. He offered me a job. He taught me English. 若要先说出直宾(事物)，后说间宾(人)，要借助介词to/for give me power = give power to me 划分下列句子成分 S IO V DO S V IO DO S V IO DO 句型 五 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 Tip：如果宾语与后面的成分加be动词之后能构成一个逻辑完整的句子，那么宾语之后的成分就是宾补。 1. We elected Li Yang our monitor.(名词) 2. The news made us sad.(形容词) 3. We elected him as our monitor.（介词短语） 4. I found myself in the dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。（介词短语） 5. He encourage her to work harder. (不定式） 6. He always has others wait for him.他总是要别人等他。（不定式） 7. Don’t leave the water running.（现在分词）不要让水一直流着。 8. I heard my name called. (过去分词) Working out the rules The subject and the (1)__________ are necessary parts of a sentence. A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) (2)__________. Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object refers to a person and the direct object a thing. The object completement adds more information about the object. verb object 03 Applying the rules B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Use the example below to help you. Subject:______ Verb: Object: Predicative: Object complement: Adverbial:［ ］ Attributive:( ) ≈ ≈ ≈ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ Example You will enjoy (personal) growth ［at (high) school］. ﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏ 1. You will find senior high school different from junior high school. 2.(Your) schoolwork will be more challenging. 3. We will give you (more) independence. 4. You should listen [more carefully]. 5. You can join a club. 6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways]. 7. You will succeed! B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Use the example below to help you. Subject:______ Verb: Object: Predicative: Object complement: Adverbial:［ ］ Attributive:( ) ≈ ≈ ≈ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ Example You will enjoy (personal) growth ［at (high) school］. ﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏ 1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school. 2.(Your) schoolwork will be more challenging. 3. We will give you (more) independence. 4. You should listen [more carefully]. ﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏ B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Use the example below to help you. Subject:______ Verb: Object: Predicative: Object complement: Adverbial:［ ］ Attributive:( ) ≈ ≈ ≈ ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ Example You will enjoy (personal) growth ［at (high) school］. ﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏ 5. You can join a club. 6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways]. 7. You will succeed! ﹏﹏ ﹏﹏ Step 1 Watch and answer Applying the rules a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA Match the underlined sentences with the correct strutures. c b d g e a f Besides the tips, what else is needed to achieve one’s goal? Step 1 Watch and answer Sentence elements and sentence structure 主语+谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 表语 感谢观看! “THANK YOU” Made by Miss Feng https://clipchamp.com Create videos with https://clipchamp.com/en/video-editor - free online video editor, video compressor, video converter. $