Unit 1 Back to school 单元语法练习(句子成分和基本句型)-2026-2027学年高一英语译林版必修第一册

2026-09-03
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摘要:

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语句子成分与基本句型,通过选择与分析题系统训练,夯实语言基础,提升语法分析思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|25题|基本句型识别与辨析|从S+V等基础句型到双宾、宾补等复杂结构,层层递进| |按要求完成题目|25题|句子成分判断及句型分析|先成分识别(定语、状语等),再综合句型归纳,形成“概念-判断-应用”逻辑链|

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学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________ Unit 1 Back to school 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1.The boss offered me a job.这句话的结构是_______. A.主+谓+宾 B.主+谓+间宾+直宾 C.主+谓+直宾+间宾 D.主系表 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:老板给了我一份工作。The boss为主语, offered为谓语, me为间接宾语, a job为直接宾语, 结构为: 主+谓+间宾+直宾。故选B。 2.Your dress feels very soft. A.S+V+O B.S+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+A 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:你的裙子摸起来很柔软。句中“Your dress”是主语,“feels”是系动词,“very soft”是表语,符合S+P结构。故选B项。 3.Alice is doing her homework in the study. A.S+O+A B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+O+A D.S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意:爱丽丝正在书房里做作业。“Alice”是主语(S),“is doing”是谓语(V),“her homework”是宾语(O),“in the study”是状语(A)。所以句子结构为S+V+O+A。故选C。 4.Which of the sentences follows the same structure with “My brothers are all college students”? A.The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects. B.Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese. C.His goal is to look after homeless children. D.He is looking for problems on his broken car. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。下列哪个句子与“我的兄弟都是大学生”结构相同?A. The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects.学校顾问帮我选择了合适的科目。其中“The school adviser”是主语,“helped”是谓语动词,“me”是宾语,“choose suitable subjects”是不定式短语作宾语补足语,省略了to,为主谓宾结构; B. Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese.王先生曾经自学过日语。是一个主谓宾结构的句子,其中“Mr. Wang”是主语,“used to teach”作谓语,“himself”是宾语,“Japanese”是宾语补足语。 C. His goal is to look after homeless children.他的目标是照顾无家可归的孩子。是一个主系表结构的句子,其中“His goal”是主语,“is”是系动词,“to look after homeless children”是不定式短语作表语。 D. He is looking for problems on his broken car.他在找他那辆破车的毛病。是一个主谓宾结构的句子,其中“He”是主语,“is looking for”是谓语动词短语,“problems”是宾语,“on his broken car”是介词短语作地点状语。故选C。 5.Yesterday, I saw Mr. Green leave the building with a book in hand. A.SVP B.SVOiOd C.SVOCo D.SVO 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:昨天,我看到格林先生先生手里拿着一本书离开了大楼。分析句子可知,I为主语;saw为谓语;Mr. Green为宾语;leave the building with a book in hand为宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。 6.The sentence structure (结构) of “The tips below may help you.” is ______. A.SVP B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVO 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:下面的建议可能会对你有所帮助。The tips below是主语(S);may help是谓语(V);you是宾语(O),该句的句子结构是:主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。故选D。 7.The sentence structure of “The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is ______. A.SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SV 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:“这个幽默的笑话使我们在课堂上大笑”这个句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。A. SVO主谓宾;B. SVOO主谓宾宾;C. SVOC主谓宾补;D. SV主谓。分析句子可知,The humorous joke“这个幽默的笑话”是句子的主语,made“使”是句子的谓语,us“我们”是句子的宾语,laugh in class“在课堂上大笑”是句子的补足语,因此句子的结构是“主谓宾补”。故选C。 8.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:当你在海上的时候,学习和做作业似乎更有趣!A. S+V(主+谓) ;B. S+V+O(主+谓+宾) ;C. S+V+P(主+系+表); D. S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。分析句子可知,主句中Studying and doing homework 为主语, seem为系动词,much more fun为表语;从句中you为主语,are为系动词,at sea为表语,所以本句的基本结构为主系表结构。故选C项。 9.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “The news made all of us excited.”? A.S+V+P. B.S+V+O+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+A 【答案】B 【详解】考查句型分析。句意:“The news made all of us excited.”这个句子的句型是什么?The news是主语,made是动词,all of us是宾语,excited是宾语补足语,因此句型是S+V+O+OC。故选B。 10.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. (分析句子结构) A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意:早睡早起是一个好习惯。分析句子结构可知,该句中“Going to bed early and getting up early”为动名词短语作状语,is为系动词作谓语,a good habit为名词短语作表语,所以该句为“主+系+表”结构。故选C项。 11.选出下列句子中与其它句子不是一种类型的简单句 A.Jane loves reading. B.He has a toothache. C.She wants to travel abroad. D.Lucy is a pretty American girl. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。A.简喜欢读书。是主谓宾结构;B.他牙疼。是主谓宾结构;C.她想要出国旅游,是主谓宾结构;D.露西是一个漂亮的美国女孩。是主系表结构。故选D。 12.The sentence structure of the sentence “Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade.” is _______. A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构和成分。句意:那些甜蜜的夏日记忆是关于安静的小溪,树木和绿荫。分析句子结构可知,该句是主系表结构。Those sweet memories of summer days是句子的主语成分;are是系动词;about quiet streams and trees and shade是介词短语作句子的表语成分。故选A项。 13.判断句子结构类型:I waited for him at the school. A.S+V B.S+V+A C.S+V+O+A D.S+V+P+A 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我在学校等他。I是主语;waited for是谓语;him是宾语;at the school是状语,所以句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+状语,即S+V+O+A。故选C。 14.判断句子的结构类型:I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A.SVOC B.SVPC C.SV IO DO D.SVO 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。分析句子可知,代词I是主语,动词found是谓语,名词短语most of my classmates and teachers是宾语,形容词短语friendly and helpful是宾语补足语,因此句子结构是“主谓宾补”,即SVOC。故选A。 15.I enjoy my senior high school life. (判断句子结构类型) A.S+V B.S+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+A 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我喜欢我的高中生活。分析句子可知,I是主语,动词enjoy是谓语,my senior high school life是宾语,故本句是“主谓宾”结构,即“S+V+O”,故选C。 16.He passes her nothing. A.S V O B.SV IO DO C.S V A D.S V 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型结构。句意:他什么也没传给她。分析句子可知,“He”是主语,“passes”是谓语,“her”是间接宾语,“nothing”是直接宾语,即主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO)的句子结构。故选B。 17.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”? A.S V A B.S V O C.S V IO DO D.S V O A 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意:“他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事”这个句子的句型是什么?根据句意及句子分析可知,He是主语S,told是谓语动词V,us是间接宾语IO,a funny story是直接宾语DO。故选C。 18.“The news makes me feel very happy.”这个句子的结构是“________”. A.S+V+O B.S + V + IO + DO C.S + V + P D.S + V + O + OC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:这个消息让我感到非常高兴。分析句子可知,“The news”在句中作主语,“makes”在句中作谓语,“me”在句中作宾语,“feel very happy”在句中作宾语补足语,故这个句子的结构是“S + V + O + OC”。故选D项。 19.The little boy bought his mother a gift on Mother’s day. A.SVIODO B.SP C.SVO D.SVA 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:小男孩在母亲节给妈妈买了一个礼物。The little boy作主语(S),bought作谓语(V), his mother作间接宾语(IO),a gift作直接宾语(DO),on Mother’s day作时间状语,因此该句为SVIODO结构。故选A。 20.选出以下句子的结构类型: He tells them a funny story. A.SVO B.SVOC C.SV IO DO D.SV 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:他给他们讲了一个有趣的故事。句中He为主语, tells为谓语动词,them为间接宾语,a funny story为直接宾语,所以本句为主谓宾宾结构。故选C。 21.The moon rose. A.SVP B.SV C.SVO D.SVOC 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:月亮升起来了。The moon是主语,rose是谓语动词,故本句结构是“主语+谓语”。故选B。 22.To join the virtual choir is my dream. A.主+系+表 B.主+谓+宾 C.主+谓+状 D.主+谓+双宾 【答案】A 【详解】句意:参加虚拟合唱团是我的梦想。“To join the virtual choir”是动名词短语作主语,“is”是系动词,“my dream”是表语,句子为“主+系+表”结构。 23.We had our chemistry class in the science lab. A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+A 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我们在科学实验室上化学课。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾;B. S+V+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补;C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾补;D. S+V+O+A主+谓+宾+状。分析句子可知,“We”是主语,“had”是谓语,“our chemistry class”是宾语,“in the science lab”是状语。故选D项。 24.Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:谢谢,妈妈。这是我收到过的最好的礼物。根据句意以及句子结构可知画线部分是一个省略了关系词的定语从句,意为“我收到过的”,修饰先行词“gift”,关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,可以省略。故选 C。 25.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.画横线的部分在句子中作_______成分。 A.宾语 B.状语 C.定语 D.表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我们在新建的实验室里上了化学课。主语为We;had为谓语;chemistry为宾语;in the newly built lab为地点状语。故选B。 26.The weather is very nice today.  划线部分的成分是 A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:今天天气很好。“The weather”是句子的主体,表示所谈论的对象,是主语;“is”是表示主语状态的系动词,为谓语;“very nice”是对主语“The weather”状态的描述,作表语;“today”是时间状语。划线词is在句中作谓语。故选B。 27.Tim writes his parents an email every day. 划线部分的成分是________? A.Indirect Object B.Direct Object C.Object Complement D.Predicative 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:Tim每天给他的父母写一封邮件。A. Indirect Object间接宾语;B. Direct Object直接宾语;C. Object Complement宾语补足语;D. Predicative表语。write可接双宾语,结构为“write+间接宾语+直接宾语”,意为“给某人写某物”,其中,his parents是间接宾语,an email是直接宾语。故选B项。 28.Lily cooked us dinner on a Tuesday night. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.主语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:莉莉在一个周二晚上给我们做了晚餐。Lily为主语;cooked为谓语,此处cook是双宾语动词,可接“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构;us指动作的接收对象,在句中作间接宾语;dinner是谓语动词cooked直接作用的对象,作直接宾语。故选B。 29.Technology has changed how we communicate. A.表语 B.状语 C.宾语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:科技已经改变了我们沟通的方式。Technology为主语;has changed为谓语;how we communicate(我们沟通的方式),连接词how引导的宾语从句,在句中作宾语。故选C。 30.Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.同位语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:史密斯先生,我们的新老师,对我们非常和蔼可亲。主语为Mr. Smith;划线部分our new teacher为同位语。故选D。 二、按要求完成题目 写出下列句中黑体部分的成分 31.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.______ 32.A farmer told us how to pick oranges.______ 33.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.______ 34.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.______ 35.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.______ 36.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.______ 37.We must get together again some day.______ 38.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.______ 39.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.______ 40.There is a table in the room.______ 【答案】 31.状语 32.宾语 33.宾补 34.宾语 35.宾语 36.主语 37.状语 38.状语 39.表语 40.主语 【详解】31.考查句子成分。句意:他们应该利用业余时间仔细品味这些精彩的作品。“to taste these wonderful works carefully”是目的状语,故填:状语。 32.考查句子成分。句意:一个农夫告诉我们如何摘橙子。us位于动词told后面,作宾语,故填:宾语。 33.考查句子成分。句意:昨天班主任让我们打扫教室。have sb. do意为“让某人做某事”,us是had的宾语,clean the classroom是宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语us,故填:宾补。 34.考查句子成分。句意:我们衷心希望你的健康状况能尽快得到改善。 that your health will improve soon作hope的宾语,是that引导的宾语从句,故填:宾语。 35.考查句子成分。句意:我觉得全心全意为人民服务是我们的责任。it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to serve the people heart and soul,故填:宾语。 36.考查句子成分。句意:你刚才说的话没有使我高兴。What you said just now位于谓语didn’t make前面,作主语,为主语从句,故填:主语。 37.考查句子成分。句意:总有一天我们会再见面的。some day为时间状语,故填:状语。 38.考查句子成分。句意:如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球。If I am not busy tomorrow为if引导的条件状语从句,故填:状语。 39.考查句子成分。句意:问题是没有人知道新医院的位置。that no one knows the location of the new hospital位于系动词is后面,作表语,为表语从句,故填:表语。 40.考查句子成分。句意:房间里有一张桌子。there be结构中,be动词后面的名词或名词性短语是主语,故填:主语。 分析句子成分并写出基本句型 41.The students agreed.______ 42.My sister is writing a letter.______ 43.I heard him sing a song.______ 44.He asked me to come back soon.______ 45.My teacher gave me a book.______ 46.His face turned red.______ 47.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.______ 48.There are many customs in the village.______ 49.A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.______ 50.I’ll spend the summer holiday in the countryside.______ 【答案】 41.主语+谓语 42.主语+谓语+宾语 43.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 44.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 45.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 46.主语+系动词+表语 47.主语+系动词+表语 48.there be 句型 谓语+主语+地点状语 49.主语+谓语+地点状语+时间状语 50.主语+谓语+宾语+状语 【解析】41.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓结构,The students“学生们”是主语,agreed“同意”是谓语。所以,这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语。 42.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓宾结构,My sister“我的妹妹”是主语,is writing“正在写”是谓语,a letter“一封信”是宾语。所以,这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语。 43.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓宾宾补结构,I“我”是主语,heard“听到”是谓语,him“他”是宾语,sing a song“唱歌”是省略to的不定式作宾补。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。 44.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓宾宾补结构,He“他”是主语,asked“要求”是谓语,me“我”是宾语,to come back soon“快点回来”是宾补。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。 45.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓双宾结构,My teacher“我的老师”是主语,gave“给”是谓语,me“我”是间接宾语,a book“一本书”是直接宾语。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 46.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主系表结构,His face“他的脸”是主语,turned“变成”是系动词,red“红色的”是表语。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+系动词+表语。 47.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主系表结构,This“这”是主语,is“是”是系动词,an English-Chinese dictionary“一本英汉字典”是表语。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+系动词+表语。 48.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是there be 句型结构,many customs“许多风俗习惯”是主语,There are“有”是谓语,in the village“在村子里”是地点状语。所以,这个句子结构是:there be 句型 谓语+主语+地点状语。 49.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓状结构,A sports meeting“一场运动会”是主语,will be held“将被举办”是谓语,in our school“在我们学校”是地点状语,next week“下周”是时间状语。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+谓语+地点状语+时间状语。 50.考查句子结构。分析句子可知,这是主谓宾状结构,I“我”是主语,’ll spend“将度过”是谓语,the summer holiday“这个暑假”是宾语,in the countryside“在农村”是地点状语。所以,这个句子结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+地点状语。 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________ Unit 1 Back to school 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1.The boss offered me a job.这句话的结构是_______. A.主+谓+宾 B.主+谓+间宾+直宾 C.主+谓+直宾+间宾 D.主系表 2.Your dress feels very soft. A.S+V+O B.S+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+A 3.Alice is doing her homework in the study. A.S+O+A B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+O+A D.S+V+O+C 4.Which of the sentences follows the same structure with “My brothers are all college students”? A.The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects. B.Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese. C.His goal is to look after homeless children. D.He is looking for problems on his broken car. 5.Yesterday, I saw Mr. Green leave the building with a book in hand. A.SVP B.SVOiOd C.SVOCo D.SVO 6.The sentence structure (结构) of “The tips below may help you.” is ______. A.SVP B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVO 7.The sentence structure of “The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is ______. A.SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SV 8.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C 9.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “The news made all of us excited.”? A.S+V+P. B.S+V+O+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+A 10.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. (分析句子结构) A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C 11.选出下列句子中与其它句子不是一种类型的简单句 A.Jane loves reading. B.He has a toothache. C.She wants to travel abroad. D.Lucy is a pretty American girl. 12.The sentence structure of the sentence “Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade.” is _______. A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+IO+DO 13.判断句子结构类型:I waited for him at the school. A.S+V B.S+V+A C.S+V+O+A D.S+V+P+A 14.判断句子的结构类型:I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A.SVOC B.SVPC C.SV IO DO D.SVO 15.I enjoy my senior high school life. (判断句子结构类型) A.S+V B.S+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+A 16.He passes her nothing. A.S V O B.SV IO DO C.S V A D.S V 17.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”? A.S V A B.S V O C.S V IO DO D.S V O A 18.“The news makes me feel very happy.”这个句子的结构是“________”. A.S+V+O B.S + V + IO + DO C.S + V + P D.S + V + O + OC 19.The little boy bought his mother a gift on Mother’s day. A.SVIODO B.SP C.SVO D.SVA 20.选出以下句子的结构类型: He tells them a funny story. A.SVO B.SVOC C.SV IO DO D.SV 21.The moon rose. A.SVP B.SV C.SVO D.SVOC 22.To join the virtual choir is my dream. A.主+系+表 B.主+谓+宾 C.主+谓+状 D.主+谓+双宾 23.We had our chemistry class in the science lab. A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+A 24.Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.表语 25.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.画横线的部分在句子中作_______成分。 A.宾语 B.状语 C.定语 D.表语 26.The weather is very nice today.  划线部分的成分是 A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.宾补 27.Tim writes his parents an email every day. 划线部分的成分是________? A.Indirect Object B.Direct Object C.Object Complement D.Predicative 28.Lily cooked us dinner on a Tuesday night. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.主语 29.Technology has changed how we communicate. A.表语 B.状语 C.宾语 30.Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.同位语 二、按要求完成题目 写出下列句中黑体部分的成分 31.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.______ 32.A farmer told us how to pick oranges.______ 33.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.______ 34.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.______ 35.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.______ 36.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.______ 37.We must get together again some day.______ 38.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.______ 39.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.______ 40.There is a table in the room.______ 分析句子成分并写出基本句型 41.The students agreed.______ 42.My sister is writing a letter.______ 43.I heard him sing a song.______ 44.He asked me to come back soon.______ 45.My teacher gave me a book.______ 46.His face turned red.______ 47.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.______ 48.There are many customs in the village.______ 49.A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.______ 50.I’ll spend the summer holiday in the countryside.______ 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 Back to school 单元语法练习(句子成分和基本句型)-2026-2027学年高一英语译林版必修第一册
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Unit 1 Back to school 单元语法练习(句子成分和基本句型)-2026-2027学年高一英语译林版必修第一册
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