专题二 十、定语从句-【创新教程】2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练（山东省通用）

3.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Rudolph signed Bo's lunchbox,turning an ordinary school day into a lifelong memory.(Rudolph在Bo的午餐盒上签名，把一个普通 的上学日变成了一生的记忆。)”可知，Rudolph为Bo在 午餐盒(lunchbox)上签名。] 4.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述了明星 橄榄球运动员Rudolph在学校自助餐厅与自闭症男孩Bo 一起吃披萨午餐这一善举，这一简单的举动被拍摄下来 并在网上传播，感动了无数人。所以B选项“触动数百万 人的午餐桌时刻”准确概括了文章核心内容，适合作 标题。] 十、定语从句 [学考真题精选] 1.where 2.that/which 3.which 4.which/that[引导词在从句中作主语指物。] 5.which 6.which 7.which[考查定语从句。 we visited in Britain, 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Science Museum。] 8.which[此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为dumplings 指物用which引导。] 9.wh0[考查定语从句连接词。此处为非限制性定语从 句，先行词为指人名词，故用wh0引导。] l0.which/that[考查定语从句。先行词为the custom,指 物用which或that引导。] [学考素能提升] I.1.(1)which (2)which (3)which/that (4)that/ which (5)that/which 2.(1)who/that (2)that (3)who (4)whose (5)as 3.(1)where (2)when (3)which (4)that/which (5)that/in which/不填(6)that/不填 (7)that/which/不填 Ⅱ，[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要说明了近几十年 全球近视率上升，研究表明年龄、教育程度和种族与近视风 险相关，多户外活动等可降低儿童近视风险。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40-69 revealed that age,education level,and ethnicity (are closely linked to short-sightedness risks.(最近的一项研究分析 了来自107442名40至69岁英国居民的数据，结果显示 年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关。)”可知，身 高与近视的关系不大。] 2.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese.In fact,Chinese participants had a 240%greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants.Interesting- ly,all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood.(研究人员 发现，中国人中近视患者的比例更高。事实上，与白人参 与者相比，中国参与者在童年时期患近视的风险高出 240%。有趣的是，其他所有族裔群体在童年时期患近视 的风险似乎都有所降低。)”可知，近视在中国是一个普遍 存在的问题。 3.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Spending time out- doors has continued to demonstrate a protective effect against developing short--sightedness..(户外活动一直被证 明对预防近视有保护作用。)”可知，根据作者的观点，对 于儿童来说，预防近视的有效方法是进行户外活动。] 4.D[主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“In recent decades,global rates of short-sightedness have risen rap- idly.Studies predict that half of the world's population could be short-sighted by 2050.In the UK and Europe alone,cases have doubled over the past 50 years.A re- cent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents 一6 aged 40-69 revealed that age,education level,and ethnic- ity()are closely linked to short-sightedness risks. (近几十年来，全球近视率急剧上升。研究预测，到2050 年，全球一半的人口可能会患有近视。仅在英国和欧洲 地区，病例数量在过去50年里就翻了一番。最近的一项 研究分析了来自107442名40至69岁英国居民的数据， 结果显示年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关。)” 可知，这篇文章主要讲的是近视发病率的上升以及相关风险 因素。] 十一、名词性从句 学考真题精选] 1.what 2.how 3.whatever 4.that 5.how 6.where[考查表语从句。句意：一你认为中国的妈妈 给孩子做一切事情是明智的吗？一不，那正是她们错 误的地方。本句中的 they are mistaken是一个 表语从句，与前面的系动词s构成系表结构。在句中 where作地点状语，表示“…的地方”。] 7.when[考查表语从句。句意：他相信早上6点是起床的 最佳时间，因为这是太阳升起的时候。此处连系动词s 后面是一个表语从句，应该是由when引导的表语从句， when在从句中作时间状语。] 8.what 9.that 10.if/whether [学考素能提升] I.1.what 2.that 3.that 4.what 5.that 6.What 7.what 8.whether II.1.why 2.what 3.why 4.what 5.where 6.whether 7.how 8.Who Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了作家Alice Munro以及她 的作品。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“In Munro's eyes,ordina- ry lives always hide larger dramas.So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people..”可知，选D。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第四段“The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals(背叛)of love.”可知， 选B。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“On Dec.29th,she still did't seek the spotlight when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the Financial Times.”可知， 选A。」 4.C[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家 Alice Munro以及她的写作风格。] 十二、状语从句 [学考真题精选] 1.since 2.As 3.because 4.when 5.Once 6.If 7.When 8.while[考查从属连词用法。句意为：这真不公平。上个 月当我在作服务员的时候，我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。 表示“与此同时”用while引导时间状语从句。] 学考素能提升] I.1.When 2.because 3.Since 4.When 5.Although 6.If 7.When 8.While 9.even if 10.so that Ⅱ.l.Although,/While/Though[考查让步状语从句。句 意：尽管这些运动广泛开展，但实际情况是，大多数西方 城市都是根据汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新规划。空处 为让步关系。故填Although/While/.Though.] 2.As[考查时间状语从句。句意：随着一个新部门的成 立，我要求每位成员都撰写一篇关于自己所选健康相关 主题的有说服力的文章。空处表示时间，意为“随 着…”故填As。] 3.When/As[考查时间状语从句。句意：当Sonja Detrin- idad开设她的网上花店时，她原本并没有抱多大期望。 空处表示时间，意为“当什么时候”。故填When/As。]Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)One Tuesday morning in 2016,Travis Rudolph,a star football player at Florida State University,visited Mont- ford Middle School in Florida with his teammates. While most students crowded around the athletes, Rudolph noticed a boy sitting alone in the cafeteri- a.The boy,Bo Paske,a sixth grader with autism (自闭症)，often ate lunch by himself..Without hesitation,Rudolph asked,"Can I sit with you?" Their simple pizza lunch was captured(拍摄) in a photo that Bo's mother,Leah Paske,later shared on Facebook.In her post,Leah revealed her daily worries about Bo's loneliness."Autism might protect him from noticing stares or missed birthday parties,"she wrote,"but my heart aches when he eats alone.The photo quickly went vi- ral,receiving over 14,000 shares and national media attention.Reporters interviewed the pair, and Bo's story inspired countless discussions about autism and kindness. When asked about his act,Rudolph said,"I just wanted to be kind.Everyone deserves re- spect".Bo described the experience as "like sitting on a rainbow".Rudolph signed Bo's lunchbox, turning an ordinary school day into a lifelong mem- ory.Years later,Bo still keeps the signed lunch- box as a cherished reminder of that special mo- ment. 十、定 学考知识必备《 用来修饰和限制名词或代词的从句叫定语从 句。它分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who, whom,whose等。其用法列表如下： Leah later wrote:"For one day,I didn't wor- ry if my son ate alone.A hero sat across from him."The story reminded the world that small acts of kindness can bridge differences and create light in unexpected places-proving that even brief connections can leave lasting influence on hearts. 1.Where did Rudolph meet Bo? A.At a football field. B.In the school cafeteria. C.At a birthday party. D.At a community event. 2.Why did Rudolph decide to sit with Bo? A.He noticed Bo was alone and wanted to be kind. B.He wanted to become famous on social media. C.The school asked him to help students with autism. D.He was tired of talking to other students. 3.What did Rudolph sign for Bo? A.A football. B.A photo. C.A lunchbox. D.A book. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Teamwork Wins Football Games B.A Lunch Table Moment That Touched Mil- lions C.Understanding Autism in Schools D.How Social Media Can Make Stories Popular 语从句 关系代词在从句 关系代词 先行词 中充当的成分 that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物 主语、宾语、表语 who 主语、宾语 指人 whom 宾语 whose 指人或物 定语 (I)who,whom都用于指人，who在定语从句中作 主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。who, whom在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。 The student who is standing outside the class- room is being criticized by the teacher(who/ whom)we consider very strict.站在教室外面的 学生正在被我们认为非常严厉的那位老师 批评。 注意：作宾语时who经常可以与whom互换。 但是，如果直接位于介词之后，只能用whom。 He has two sons,both of whom are teachers. 他有两个儿子，他们都是教师。 (2)that可指人或物，可以代替who,whom和 which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但 不能作介词的宾语。 The reason that(which)he gave for his being absent sounds reasonable. 他给出的缺席的理由听起来合情合理。 The person that(who)is standing under the big tree is our English teacher. 站在大树下的那个人是我们的英语老师。 (3)which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾 语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。 Space life which is strange to us is really attrac- tive.对我们来说陌生的太空生活很吸引人。 Meeting my uncle after so many years is an un- forgettable moment,which I will always treas- ure, 多年后又见我叔叔是一段令人难忘的经历，我 将永远珍惜。 (4)whose在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也 可指物。 The book whose cover is lost belongs to Mr Smith whose ID card is in it. 没有封面的那本书属于史密斯先生，他的身份 证在里面。 [巧学妙记] 关系代词的记忆口诀： 前看先行人或物，后看从句缺宾主。 物作先行that/which,人作先行that/who(m)。 whose通常作定语，人、物两者都兼顾。 2.关系代词that和which用法辨析 (I)只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①当先行词是everything,anything,nothing, all,none,some,few,little等不定代词或者先行 词被all,any,no,little,few,much等词修饰时， 只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以帮你什么忙吗？ ②当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为 避免重复，其后的定语从句要用that引导。 Can you tell me who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking? 你能告诉我那个坐在岩石上抽烟的人是谁吗？ 一42 ③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或 者先行词为序数词或形容词最高级时，关系代 词只用that。 This is the most amusing short play that I have watched these years. 这是我这些年来观看过的最好笑的短剧。 As a student,the first thing that you should do ev- ery morning is to make a proper plan. 作为一个学生，每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就 是要制订适当的计划。 ④先行词被the only,the very等修饰时，关系 代词只能用that。 This is the only thing that I want to do. 这是我唯一想做的事情。 ⑤如果有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了关 系代词which,则另一个就要用that以避免 重复。 The city has brought in some clothing enterpri- ses which produce clothes that are mainly sold abroad.该市引进了一些服装企业，这些企业生 产的服装主要向国外出售。 ⑥先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。 Whenever I recall my classmates and funny things that still seem to be fresh in my mind,I can't help smiling.每当我回想起我的同学和 那些好玩儿的事情，我似乎仍记忆犹新，都 会情不自禁地笑起来。 (2)只用which不用that的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用 which。 The actress always shows off,which no doubt makes other actresses unhappy.这位女演员总 爱炫耀，这无疑使其他的女演员感到不高兴。 ②关系代词前面有介词时，只用which。 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间。 ③先行词为that时，只用which。 What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那个东西是什么？ 3.whose的用法及其转换形式 (I)whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句 中作定语其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 That's the child whose father is a teacher. 那个孩子的父亲是个老师。 (2)whose引导定语从句时，先行词不仅可以指人， 还可以指物。 Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? 你知道她的丈夫是医生的那个女人吗？ This is a book whose cover is green. 这是一本绿皮书。 (3)of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是： the+名词+of which或of which十the+名词， 即：whose+名词=the+名词+of which=of which十the+名词，of whom可以代替whose 指人，词序是the十名词十of whom,即whose-十 名词=the十名词十of whom。 He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room the window of which faces south.=He lives in the room of which the window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 She still remembered 时间 可用 when 时间 状语 the day when (on which)she on which won the prize This is the 关系副 factory where 可用 where 地点 地点 状语 (in which)his in which father once worked. He didn't know the 原因 可用 why 原因 状语 reason why for which (for which)he was dismissed. [特别提醒](1)在口语和非正式场合，when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词十 which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。 Do you know anywhere (that)I can get a drink? 你能告诉我，我能从哪里得到一杯饮料吗？ (2)why或that引导的定语从句，先行词是rea son,且reason又作主句主语时，表语从句不能用 because引导，而要用that引导。其句型结构为： The reason why...is that...The reason that...is that... The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是上学路上他在交通事故中 受伤了。 The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会议上解释的原因是他不得不在医院照顾 他的妈妈。 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 无逗号 有逗号 对先行词的界定，删对先行词的补充说 意义上 除后主句意思不完 明，删除后主句意 整、不明确 思依然完整 续表 翻译上 “…的”，限定先 与主句并列或是状 行词 语从句 关系代词作宾语时 关系词不可省略； 关系词 可以省略，关系副词 关系词不用that; 般不省略 which可指代一个 句子或一种情况 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试，改编)She had to take the Underground to Green Park, there was no one in sight. 2.(2025·广东学业考试)Then he came up with a seemingly simple plan worked better than he had expected. 3.(2024·新疆合格考)They are related to China's high-tech innovation, has improved the quality of people's lives,... 4.(2024·安徽省普通高中学业水平考试)This causes problems for the part of the brain controls our feelings. 5.(2024·湖南合格考)Giant pandas are rare and endangered wild animals, serve as am- bassadorst(大使)for cultural exchange between China and other nations. 6.(2025·山西模拟，改编)His parents forced him to be a lawyer was against his own wi- shes. 7.(云南省普通高中学业水平考试)The Science Museum, we visited in Britain,is one of London's tourist attractions. 8.(2023·湖南合格考)After dinner,they made dumplings, are prepared for the very start of the new year. 9.(2023·广西合格考)I want to thank my par ents,teachers and friends, have been helping me all the time. 10.(2023·安徽省合格考)..and the custom of three meals a day became national continued to today. 学考素能提升← I.用关系代词或关系副词填空 l.用关系代词that或which填空 (l)(2025·全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weigi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2)(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking be- yond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers,such as those headed to weddings abroad,with a longer-term rental period. (3)(2024·浙江1月卷)Of course,shops are not charities-they price goods in the way will make them the most money. (4)(2025·安徽合格考模拟)He called it a pollu- tant threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms. (5)(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient build- ings,Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2.用关系代词who,whom,that,whose或as填空 (1)(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a differ- ent person can be better prepared for my future life. (2)(2025·广东学业考试模拟)So the very thing once saved us may now be killing us. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，56)Chinese cultural ele- ments commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia,”. (4)(天津卷改编)Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia. (5)He is such a lovely student everyone likes. 3.用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2025·全国二卷)Yet now,I live in the coun tryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes(灌木)grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range,and central heating doesn't exist. (2)(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)That was the time Zheng became sure about her in- terest in tennis. (3)(2025·辽宁学业水平考试模拟)It was a sim ple but happy day, made us feel re- laxed and happy. (4)(2025·湖南合格考模拟)Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits have become com- mon among teenagers. (5)I don't like the way you laugh at her. (6)This is the second time I have been here. (7)Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood? Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)In recent decades,global rates of short-sightedness have ris- en rapidly.Studies predict that half of the world's population could be short-sighted by 2050.In the UK and Europe alone,cases have doubled over the past 50 years.A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40-69 revealed that age,education level,and ethnicity()are closely linked to short-sightedness risks. The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese.In fact,Chinese participants had a 240%greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants.In- terestingly,all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sighted- ness in childhood. The researchers also looked at the impact that education had on short-sightedness.They found that the more years spent in education,the greater the risk a person had of developing short-sighted- ness in both childhood and adulthood.They also showed that the youngest participants (those born between 1965-1970)who had a university educa- tion were eight times more likely to develop short- sightedness in childhood compared to those who had no formal education qualifications. The significant increase in short-sightedness is concerning for a number of reasons.For a per- son with short-sightedness,having to wear glasses can be costly.More significantly,it also puts them at greater risk of eye diseases.Not only could this seriously impact a person's way of life, it would also put a greater financial strain on healthcare systems. There are a number of actions you can take to lower the risk of developing short-sightedness dur- ing childhood.Spending time outdoors has contin- ued to demonstrate a protective effect against de- veloping short-sightedness.But for children who may already be short-sighted,specialized glasses are available that have demonstrated success in re- ducing short-sightedness progression. 1.Which factor is NOT closely related to short- sightedness according to the recent study? A.Age. B.Height. C.Education level. D.Race. 2.From Paragraph 2 we can guess that A.Chinese participants had a 240%risk of de- veloping short-sightedness B.white participants have the highest risk of de- veloping short-sightedness C.short-sightedness is a common problem in China D.short-sightedness is more serious in all other ethnic groups than in Chinese people 3.According to the writer,what is an effective way for children to prevent short-sightedness? A.Doing eye exercise. B.Wearing specialized glasses. C.Spending less time in education. D.Having outdoor activities. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.Differences in short-sightedness rates across countries. B.The impact of outdoor activities on children's health. C.Advances in short-sightedness correction technology. D.Rising short-sightedness rates and associated risk factors.