专题二 六、动词和动词短语-【创新教程】2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练（山东省通用）

OCTOPUSH The sport is also called underwater hockey. There are two teams.Each team has got six play- ers.Players swim underwater to play this game. They use small sticks and a puck.The puck is a little like a flat ball.Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the oth- er team's goal.The winning team is the team with the most goals at the end of the match. 1.What is a gilli? A.A flat ball. B.A small circle. C.A long stick. D.An egg-shaped bat. 2.Where do people play Octopush? A.On bikes. B.At a spot outside a circle. C.On the ground. D.In a swimming pool. 3.What do the three sports have in common? A.There are two players in the team. B.There are two teams in the match. C.Players use a small ball in the match. D.Players hit the ball with their hands. 六、动词和 学考知识必备《 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为 实义动词、系动词和助动词等。动词短语是由动词 和其他词语构成的短语。 一、实义动词 实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的 词义完整，可以单独作谓语。 1.及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫及物 动词。及物动词有被动形式，主要用于以下句子 结构： (1)主语+谓语十宾语 Mr Li reached Shanghai the day before yester- day. 李先生是前天抵达上海的。 (2)主语+谓语十双宾语 She gave me a pen.=She gave a pen to me. 她给我一支钢笔。 W.书面表达 (2025·山东模拟)假定你是李华，红星中学高 一学生。你校将于本月举办“健康饮食月”系列活 动，你将代表你们班进行全校宣讲，内容须包括以 下几点： 1.健康饮食的重要性； 2.对于健康饮食的建议； 3.发出号召。 注意：1.写作词数应为100左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 动词短语 (3)主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语 You must keep your room clean and tidy. 你必须保持你的房间干净整齐。 2.不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词， 叫不及物动词。不及物动词没有被动形式，只能 用于“主语十谓语”结构。 Horses run fast..马跑得快。 They work in a factory..他们在工厂工作。 [名师点津] 很多动词既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动 词。如何区分它们主要是看它们后面是否直接 跟宾语。 The boy can speak now.(不及物动词)现在这个 男孩子能说话了。 Tom can speak Chinese.(及物动词)汤姆会说 汉语。 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 (1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如live,study,work, keep,teach等。 We have lived in Suzhou since 2001. 自2001年以来，我们一直住在苏州。 (2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立 即结束，如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop, finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等，非延续性 动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和 表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词 代替。 The old man has been dead for two years. 那个老人已经去世两年了。（这里不能用has died) He arrived here five days ago. 他是五天前到这儿的。 二、系动词 系动词又称连系动词，是连接主语和表语的动 词，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状 态。系动词没有被动形式，也不能用于进行时 态，系动词分类如下： 种类 例词 be(是)，seem(似乎)，keep 表示状态的系动词 (保持)，stay/remain(保 持)等 look(看起来)，feel(感觉 起来)，smell(闻起来)， 表示感官的系动词 sound(听起来)，taste(尝 起来)等 become(变得)，get(变 表示变化的系动词 得)，grow(渐渐变得)， turn(转变)等 其他 fall(进人…状态)，prove (证明)等 [名师点津] (1)系动词一般不用于进行时态，一定不能用于被 动语态。 (2)look,smell,.taste等词，既可作连系动词，又可 作实义动词。作连系动词时后接形容词作表 语，作实义动词时要用副词修饰。 Mary looked happy when she heard the news and she looked at me happily.玛丽听到这个消 息时看上去很高兴，同时她也很高兴地看着我。 (前一个look是连系动词，后接形容词happy 作表语；后一个look是实义动词，用副词happi- ly修饰。) 2 三、助动词 助动词是帮助实义动词完成某些功能（如表示 时态、语态、构成否定句、疑问句、简略答语等) 的动词。助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语。 常见的助动词有：be,do,does,did,have,will, would,shall,should等。 四、动词短语 1.动词十介词 只能用作及物动词短语，无论宾语是名词还是代 词，都要放在介词之后。例如： agree with同意… begin with 以…开始 come from来自… feel like想要… look like看起来像… hear from 收到…的来信 knock at...敲… laugh at嘲笑… look at看… look after照看… look for寻找… listen to听… think of想起… 2.动词十副词 可用作及物或不及物动词短语。如果作及物动 词短语，若宾语是名词，可以放在副词之后，也可 以放在动词和副词之间。如果宾语是代词，则必 须放在动词与副词之间。例如： eat up吃光 give up放弃；停止 look up查询 pick up拾起；捡起 put up建立；举起 wake up唤醒 dress up乔装打扮 hurry up赶快 send up发射 find out查出；查明 sell out卖完 put on穿戴；上演 try on试穿 turn on打开 take away取走；拿走 put away放好 come in进来 get up起床 3.动词+副词十介词 用作及物动词短语，宾语要置于介词之后。 例如： catch up with赶上… do well in在…方面做得好 get on with与…相处 look forward to盼望 come over to顺便来访 4.动词十名词十介词 take care of照料；照顾…， make sure of弄清… make friends with与…交朋友 pay attention to注意 5.be十形容词十介词 be afraid of害怕… be angry with生…的气 be good at擅长·be full of充满 be interested in对…感兴趣 be late for因…迟到 be different from与…不同 be friendly to对…友好 6.动词十名词 take aim瞄准take place发生 lose heart失去信心keep watch值班 五、动词短语意义辨析 1.come的相关短语 come about发生；产生；造成 come across偶然遇见；偶然发现 come back回来；想起来 come true实现 come down下来；下落；传下来 come on跟着来；加油；来吧；赶快 come out出来，出现；出版；发（芽）；（花）开 come to达到；共计；苏醒 come to an end结束 come to a conclusion得出结论 come to life苏醒过来 2.cut的相关短语 cut away切除；剪去 cut down砍倒；砍下；削减 cut in插嘴；插人 cut out删除；剪下来 cut off切断（线路）；中断（供应） cut up切碎；剪碎；剁碎 3.call的相关短语 call at访问/拜访（某地）；停靠 call on拜访/访问（某人）；号召；请求 call for要求；需要；去接（某人） call back回电话 call in请来；召集；打电话来 call off取消；下令停止 call up给…打电话；使想起；召集，动员 4.carry的相关短语 carry away拿走 carry on继续移动，继续做… carry out履行，实施，执行 carry off赢得，获得；成功地对付；不费劲地处理 5.die的相关短语 die of死于（疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等内因） die from死于（受伤、事故、工作过度、饮酒过度等外因） die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失 die down减弱，平息 die off逐渐死掉；相继死去 die out灭绝；不复存在 die for极想；渴望 6.give的相关短语 give away赠送，给予；泄露；分发 give back归还，送回 give in投降；让步；屈服 give off释放，发出，放出（烟、光、热等） give out用完，耗尽；分发，发放 give over-=hand over转交，移交 give up放弃；中止 7.1ook的相关短语 look after照顾，照料，照看 look ahead向前看；展望未来 look around/about四处看看，环顾四周 look back(on)回首(…)，回忆(…)，回顾过去 look down向下看，俯视 look down on,/upon看不起，轻视 look forward to盼望，期待 8.make的相关短语 make out分辨出，勉强认出；理解，明白 make up化妆，打扮；配制；编造，虚构；构成，组成 make up for弥补，补偿 make up one's mind下决心 make a fool of sb.=fool sb.愚弄某人 make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 make fun of取笑，嘲笑，和…开玩笑 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2025·陕西学业水平考试)..Qian attended school in Beijing and then (enter) Shanghai Jiaotong University to study engineer- ing. 2.(2025·广东学业水平考试)The post not only (score)views but also had over 1,4000 comments from people. 3.(2024·湖南省合格考)..and their3-year-old son Xiao Qiji (arrive)safely in China on Thursday due to the ending of the agreement between the two countries. 4.(2023·广东省合格考)In some countries,one person usually (pay)for everybody. 5.(2023·安徽省合格考)However,.in ancient times things (be)different. 6.(2023·广西合格考)When Jiang Mengnan (be)old enough,she went to school. 7.(2022·湖南省合格考)She (study) medicine at university in Beijing between 1935 and1955. 30 学考素能提升 I.选词填空（二选一） 1.(2025·全国一卷，改编)Each exchange provided a chance to (spare/remove)the landfill and to please another person I might not other- wise have encountered. 2.(2025·全国二卷，改编)Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to (exercise/recover)seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷，改编)Ribeiro (charges/pays)35 per person for what is usu- ally a three-course meal that can last up to three hours. 4.(2023·山西省合格考)He never (do- nated/received)any form of formal art training, but has liked painting since his childhood. 5.(2025·湖北省模拟考)When he was developing his original concept,Cheng (realized/ remembered)that if he arranged LEGO bricks in a random way,the results looked like Van Gogh's unique brush strokes. 6.-Have you handed in your homework? -Yes.I (did/do)it yesterday. 7.The new policy will (support/benefit) the elders a lot that people over 65 can take bu- ses free of charge. 8.Drivers,as the traffic rules say,have to stop their cars and wait until the traffic signals (grow/turn)green. Ⅱ.短语填空 :try out;come up with;shout at;empty out;go through;date back to;figure out;cut off;take over;put off 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，改编)Families gather for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Behind it,the person is trying to who exactly I teach...the animals? 3.（2023·全国甲卷) watching your fa- vorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. 4.The drawings and paintings that the two boys discovered in the cave more than 20 centuries ago. 5.John is the only child in his family and expects to the business when his father re- tires. 3 6.(2025·全国一卷，改编)My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷，改编)For Ribeiro,it has become a perfect platform for pursuing her hob- by of buying food, new recipes and holding dinner parties. 8.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt from the world. 9.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟，改编)They the brothers without giving them a chance to defend(辩解)themselves.. 10.(2025·陕西学业水平考试，改编)Belle two operations,which involved breaking her legs and resetting them. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.We (同意)what he said. 2.Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter (安定下来)，get married,and have kids. 3.We (对…友好)the newcomer.. 4.The actors were (打扮)when we arrived. 5.His accent (暴露了他). 6.(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner wants you to (拿起)a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. 1. (the dictionary if you can't spell the word. 8.Too much work and too little rest often (导致)illness. V.阅读理解 (2024·湖南合格考)Choosing a hotel,res taurant or new product can be a difficult task. There's so much on offer,and making a mistake can be expensive.This is why many people turn to online reviews-opinions and information written by people who have used a service or bought a product.But can we trust them? About 70%of Americans say they believe on- line user reviews.According to experts,this is be- cause when we read a review by another consum- er,we feel like we're getting a personal recom- mendation from a friend.But a recent study shows that about one third of online reviews are fake( )Apparently,companies are so desperate for good reviews that they've started to "play"the system.So,how do they do it? One trick is to give positive reviews to your own product or service.Best-selling writer RJ El- lory was recently caught writing 5-star reviews of his own books on Amazon.com.Using a pen name, he called one of his books a "modern masterpiece" and said another would "touch people's hearts". RJ also wrote negative reviews of his competitors' books. Another trick is to“buy”good reviews.Last year,The Cove Hotel in Cornwall was caught giv- ing guests discounts if they wrote "honest but positive" reviews on TripAdvisor.The trick worked-one guest called The Cove“a dream comes true'”.Some peo- ple are even making a living by writing favourable reviews.In 2010,American Todd Rutherford started Getting BookReviews.com.For $99,Todd would write a positive review of your book on Am- azon.com;and for $999,he'd write 50 reviews. So,how can you tell a fake review?First,if the reviewer uses lots of highly positive language, it's probably fake.Secondly,if the review reads like an advertisement,it probably is an ad.And fi- nally,if the review is negative but also speaks highly of a competitor,it might have been written by that competitor. 七、情； 学考知识必备 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作 谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。 一、情态动词的基本用法 1.can/could (1)表示能力。 Knowledge can change fate..知识能改变命运。 (2)表示请求和允许。 Can I go now? 一我可以走了吗？ -Yes,you can./No,you can't. 一可以。/不能。 (3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑 问句、否定句和感叹句中。 This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 2.may/might (1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉， 而不是may的过去式。否定回答时可用can't 或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。 -May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书带出房间吗？ 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To introduce the topic of the text. B.To explain the benefit of online reviews. C.To encourage people to refer to online re- views. D.To stress the difficulty of choosing a hotel. 2.Why do most Americans say they believe online user reviews? A.They are addicted to the Internet. B.They are too young and too stupid. C.They want to make friends with other review- ers. D.They feel like they're recommended by a friend. 3.What is the author's attitude towards online us- er reviews? A.Satisfied. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Unconcerned. 4.What does the last paragraph focus on? A.Honest but positive reviews. B.Reviews using lots of highly positive lan- guage. C.Some ways of judging a fake online review. D.Reviews speaking highly of a competitor. 态动词 -Yes,you can.(No,you can't/mustn't. 一是的，可以。/不，你不能（不准）。 (2)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不 是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 你妈妈或许不知道真相。 3.must/have to (1)表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的问句时， 如果是否定回答，不能用mustn't(禁止，不 准)，而要用needn't,don't have to(不必)。 -Must we hand in our exercise books today? —我们今天必须交练习本吗？ -Yes,you must.(No,you don't have to/ you needn't.) 一是的，必须。（不，不必。) (2)must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to则强 调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to有 更多的时态形式。 The play isn't interesting.I really must go now.表演没意思。现在我真的得走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我在你这么大的时候，就不得不工作了。Ⅲ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三项运动， 均为两队参与，规则各有不同。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“The players use two things:one long stick,called a danda and a short egg- shaped bat,,called a gilli.(玩家使用两种东西：一根长 棍，叫做danda,还有一个短的蛋形球拍，叫做gilli。)”可 知，gi是一种蛋形的球拍。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the other team's goal..(玩家们试图将puck沿着游泳池底部推到对 方球队的球门里。)”可知，O℃TOPUSH在游泳池中进行。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据文中对三项运动的描述：CYCLE BALL中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”；GILL DANDA中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”；OC TOPUSH中“There are two teams..(有两支队伍。)”可知， 三项运动的共同点是比赛中都有两支队伍。] IⅣ.[参考范文] Good afternoon,everyone! I'm Li Hua,a senior one student from Hongxing High School.Nowadays,there is a growing focus on health care. People are pursuing a healthy lifestyle.A healthy diet is one of the most important parts of it. As the saying goes,bread is the staff of life.Eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.From my point of view,in order to build healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables,which are rich in vitamins. Among them,vitamin C and vitamin A are the most impor- tant.Too much fat and sugar can lead to obesity,which is harmful to health.Besides,eating more fruits and drinking more water is of great help. I hope we can live in a healthy life.Let's take action. Thanks for your listening! 六、动词和动词短语 [学考真题精选] 1.entered 2.scored 3.arrived 4.pays 5.were 6.was 7.studied [学考素能提升] I.1.spare 2.exercise 3.charges 4.received 5.real- ized 6.did 7.benefit 8.turn II.1.come up with 2.figure out 3.Put off 4.date back to 5.take over 6.emptying out 7.trying out 8.cut off 9.shouted at 10.went through I.1.agree with 2.settle down 3.are friendly to 4.dressing up 5.gave him away 6.pick up 7.Turn to 8.lead to Ⅳ.[语篇解读]本文介绍了虚假在线评论产生的原因、途 径、影响以及如何应对。 1.A[推理判断题。本段主要通过举例引出本文的话题。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“About70%of Ameri- cans say they believe online users reviews....this is be- cause when we read a review by another consumer,we feel like we're getting a personal recommendation from a friend.”可知选D。 3.B[推理判断题。根据第二段“But a recent study shows that about one third of online reviews are fake () .So,how do they do it?”可知选B] 4.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“So,how can you tell a fake review?First..Secondly..And finally..”可知， 本段主要在论述怎样判断虚假评论。] 七、情态动词 [学考真题精选] 1.may 2.may 3.can 4.can 5.can 6.should 7.shall[考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据新的交通法 规，谁驾车闯红灯蜀款至少200美元。shall表示责任和 义务，语气严厉；适合用于规则条款。] 6 [学考素能提升] I.1.must 2.can't 3.should 4.can't 5.can 6.can 7.Shall 8.would 9.needn't 10.must II.1.should 2.could 3.must 4.would 5.can 6.should/must 7.might 8.can 9.Shall 10.may Ⅲ.1.needn't[考查情态动词。句意：实际上我本不必买 这么多食物的一只有三个人来啊。needn't have done 表示没必要做某事，实际上已经做了。故填needn't。] 2.mustn't[考查情态动词。句意：在埃及，未经许可不得 拍摄他人照片。mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。故填 mustn't。J 3.needn't[句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前 不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。needn't意为“不需 要，不必”。门 4.shal1[句意：因为截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何 人不许离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警 告，符合句意。] 5.can't[句意：一你为我做的一切我无论怎么感谢都不 为过。 一不用谢。can not...enough表示“再…也不 为过”。] 6.must[句意：Harry觉得不舒服，他昨晚在聚会上肯定 喝太多了。由last night及语境可知，此处表示对过去的 情况肯定的推测。must have done sth..“一定做了 某事”。] V.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了科学 家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇宙的时间跨度 长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧生命的情况及未 来的可能性。 l.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth?For years,scientists weren't sure.Today,this is changing.Scientists believe intelli- gent life exists elsewhere in the universe.They also think we will soon contact these beings.(除了地球，其他行星 上是否存在智慧生命呢？多年来，科学家们一直不确定。 如今，这种情况正在改变。科学家们认为宇宙中的其他 地方存在智慧生命。他们还认为我们很快就会与这些生 命取得联系。)”以及根据第二段“Why do they think intel- ligent life exists on other planets？(为什么他们认为其他 星球上存在智慧生命呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要 解释了科学家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇 宙的时间跨度长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧 生命的情况及未来的可能性。所以短文的目的是解释为 什么我们可能会在地球以外发现智慧生命。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“But now,advanced tele- scopes(望远镜)allow scientists to identify many more small planets in other solar systems..(但现在，先进的望 远镜使科学家能够在其他太阳系中识别出更多的小行 星。)”可知，先进的望远镜有助于发现更多行星。] 3.B[词义猜测题。文章一直在讨论外星是否存在智慧生 命的问题，如第一段“Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth？(除地球外，其他行星上是否存在 智慧生命？)”“Scientists believe intelligent life exists else where in the universe.(科学家认为宇宙中其他地方存在 智慧生命。)”以及第四段“Have beings from outer space already visited Earth?(外星生物已经访问过地球了 吗？)”“Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years. 家们相信，在未来20年内，我们将与宇宙中的其他生命 形式取得联系。)”可知，根据上下文语境，这里的“1ife forms”指的就是前文提到的外星智慧生物。] 4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next20 years.(科学家们相信，在未来20年 内，我们将与宇宙中的其他生命形式取得联系。)”可知， 科学家们对未来发现智慧生命持积极态度。]