专题二 三、形容词和副词-【创新教程】2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练（山东省通用）

三、形容 学考知识必备 形容词常用来修饰名词或代词，说明其性质或 特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其 他结构。 一、形容词 (一)形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰 名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。 1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如： The nice girl is my sister. 这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。 I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语， t如：alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well等。 2.作表语，放在系动词之后。如： He looks very happy 他看起来很开心。 3.作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep 等动词连用。如： You must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭上眼睛。 (二)the十形容词 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人。常见 的这类形容词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old, deaf/blind,.black/white,living/dead等。如： The young should be polite to the old. 年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。 (三)分词形容词 -ing形容词 ed形容词 例句 surprising surprised This is a surprising story. 令人惊讶的 感到惊讶的 I am surprised at the news. interesting interested I have an interesting book. 有趣的 感兴趣的 He is interested in science. Have you heard of the exciting exciting excited news? 令人兴奋的 感到兴奋的 We are excited about the trav- eling. 词和副词 续表 pleased This is a pleasing trip. pleasing 感到愉快的 The teacher is pleased with our 令人愉快的 /满意的 performance. This is a frightening story. frightening frightened We are frightened of the 令人恐惧的 感到恐惧的 ghost. Titanic is a moving film. moving moved We are moved by Hong Zhan- 令人感动的 受感动的 hui deeply. tiring tired It's a long tiring day. 令人疲倦的 感到疲倦的 I'm too tired. What a fascinating voice! fascinating fascinated Many boys are fascinated by 迷人的 着迷的 computer games. 特点：表示被 特点：表示主 动意义，多指 动意义，多指 人对事物的 感受，一般修 We are all interested in the in- 事物对人的 饰人，常用于 teresting story. 影响，一般修 “sb.+be+ 饰事物 -ed形容词十 介词”结构 (四)有一些表示情感等的表语形容词后可接动词 不定式 glad/happy/pleased sorry/sad/sure/kind be +to do sth. ready/afraid/able Leasy/difficult 二、副词 (一)副词的分类和用法 1.副词的分类 (1)时间副词 时间副词有now,then,today,tomorrow,yes terday,before,ago,soon,lately,already,yet. 时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，所以一 定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志词。 (2)地点副词 地点副词有outside,inside,upstairs,here, there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,any- where等。地，点副词和动词连用时不加介词。 (3)方式副词 方式副词有quickly,happily,loudly,badly,eas- ily,fast等。方式副词大多由“形容 词+-y”构成。 (4)程度副词 程度副词有very,quite,rather,too,much,so 等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词或副词原 级，有些能修饰形容词或副词比较级。 (5)疑问副词（组） 疑问副词（组）有when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how often,how far等。疑问副 词（组）常用来构成特殊疑问句。 (6)关系副词 关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词常 用来引导定语从句。 (7)频度副词 频度副词有often,usually,never,seldom,some times,.always等。 2.副词的用法 (1)作状语 He works hard.(修饰动词)他工作努力。 He parked the car very easily..(修饰副词) 他很容易就把汽车停好了。 Unfortunately,he was out..(修饰整个句子) 很遗憾，他出去了。 (2)作定语 有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定 语。如： He likes the picture below. 他喜欢下面的那幅画。 (3)作表语/宾语补足语 作表语/宾语补足语的副词多数是表示位置或 状态的，如：in,out,on,back,down,up,off, away,upstairs。如： He is in.他在家。 What's on this evening？今晚演什么节目？ I must be off now.我现在必须走了。 Let them in.让他们进来。 We saw her off two days ago. 两天前我们为她送行。 (二)副词的位置 1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句 末。如： I'll meet him at the station tomorrow.(时间副词) 明天我将去车站接他。 Tomorrow I'll meet him at the station 注意：有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在 句首。 The boy did his homework quickly. 这个男孩子写作业很快。 2.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种 (1)在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。 She is always kind to us. 她总是对我们很好。 The work will never be done. 这份工作永远也做不完。 (2)在实义动词之前。如： He often goes to school early. 他常常很早就去上学。 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.规则变化 规则 例词 单音节词和部分双音 fast->faster->fastest 节词一般直接加-er narrow->narrower-> 和-est narrowest 以-e结尾的单音节词 late→later-→latest 直接加-r和-st wide->wider->widest 以辅音字母结尾，前 面只有一个元音字母 hot->hotter->hottest 且元音字母的发音为 thin-thinner>thinnest 重读闭音节的词，双 red→redder-→reddest 写最后一个辅音字 母，再加-er和-est 以辅音字母-y结尾 的双音节词，变y为i happy>happier >happiest easy->easier->easiest 再加-er和-est careful->more careful-> 其他双音节词和多音 most careful 节词在前面加more importantly->more impor- 和most tantly>most importantly 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, better best well bad, worse worst ill many, more most much little less least 续表 farther farthest (仅指距离) (仅指距离) far further furthest (指距离或程度) (指距离或程度) older oldest (指年龄或新旧) (指年龄或新旧) old elder eldest (指年纪较长的) (指年纪最长的) 四、比较等级常用句式 1.两者之间比较 (1)相同：as十原级十as. He gets up as early as I.他和我起得一样早。 (2)不如：not as+原级十as.. He doesn't get up as early as I. 他不如我起得早。 (3)超越：比较级十than. He gets up earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。 2.多者：最高级 Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.李明是他班里最努力的学生。 3.固定句式 (1)more...than... He is more a writer than a teacher. 与其说他是老师还不如说他是作家。 (2)否定式+比较级 I couldn't agree more with the writer. 我非常同意作者的观点。 (3)the十比较级，the十比较级 The harder you work,the better result you'll get. 越努力成绩越好。 (4)比较级+and+比较级 We are becoming richer and richer. 我们变得越来越富裕。 (5)no more...than... He is no more hard-working than Tom. 他和汤姆一样不努力。 4.倍数表达 (1)倍数十as..as.. This new road is three times as wide as the old one. 这条新路是旧路的三倍宽。 (2)倍数十比较级十than.. This new road is three times wider than the old one. 这条新路比那条旧路宽三倍。 (3)倍数+the十名词+of. This new road is three times the width of the old one. 新路比旧路宽三倍。 5.固定短语：more or less或多或少；what's more 再者；more than多于，很；less than少于。 五、形容词、副词的一些注意事项 1.以-1y结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词，但friendly, deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,broth- erly仍为形容词。 有些以-y结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词，如： daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。 2.易混形容词和副词 (1)worth,worthyworthwhile 易混词 搭配 worth十数词值…钱 worth sth.值得… worth worth doing值得做…（动名词的 主动形式表示被动意义) be worthy of sth.值得 worthy be worthy of being done) …值得做 be worthy to be done worth- It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. while做某事是值得的 这本书值得读。 -The book is worth reading. -The book is worthy of being read. -The book is worthy to be read. >It is worthwhile reading/to read the book (2)late与lately late 意为“迟，晚” lately 意为“最近”，和recently是同义词 DMany people sleep late on Sunday. 许多人在星期天睡懒觉。 2What have you been doing lately? 你最近在忙些什么？ (3)high与highly high 意为“高”，表示空间高度 highly 意为“很，非常”，表示程度 ①The plane is flying high.飞机正在高空飞行. 2I think highly of your opinion. 我很欣赏你的观点。 3Dogs have a highly-developed sense of smell. 狗有着非常发达的嗅觉。 (4)hard与hardly hard 意为“努力地，猛烈地” 意为“几乎不，几乎没有”，表抽象 hardly 概念 ①He works hard..他努力工作。 ②He hardly works.他几乎不工作。 (5)free与freely free 意为“免费地，无拘束地” freely意为“不受限制地，自由地” 1You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like..无论什么时候，只要你喜欢，就可以在 我的饭馆里免费吃饭。 2 You may speak freely;say whatever you 1ike.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)She walked (quick)towards her usual bus stop, only to be told the bus couldn't run to King Street that day. 2.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)Suddenly, Polly was (frighten)by a man's rough hand brushing her cheek. 3.(2025·广东学业水平考试)“It just shows us how (power)social media is,Simon said. 4.(2024·湖南学业水平测试)The news (immediate)became a hot topic on China's (socially)media platform,with nearly 43 million netizens expressing their joy and excite- ment. 5.(2024·新疆学业水平测试)This is because Chi- na skipped(跳跃)over the PC age and went (direct)into the mobile age. 6.(2023·广西合格考)She (final)be- came a top student. 7.(2023·广西合格考)I think I am (luck).I want to thank my parents... 8.(2023·安徽省合格考)Life for the ancient Chi- nese was (colour). 学考素能提升 I.选词填空 shocking;somehow;lucky;better;popular;much; never;enjoyable 1.-Let's go swimming this afternoon,shall we? -Good idea.Nothing is more than swimming in such a holiday. 2.Bob works so hard at his lessons that he waste time playing computer games. 3.Tom was so that he passed the driving test on his first try. 4.He made one of the most British films of the year,which attracted such a large audi- ence. 5.-What do you think of your new iPad? -Good.I can't find a one. 6.I could have got good grades in the maths exam, but I made some mistakes and failed. 7.It was a story,and we all got shocked. 8.-Will you go to the cinema with me this eve- ning? -I'd love to,but I have too work to do this evening. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 l.(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance be- tween the black and white pieces,the beauty in the (strategy)placement of the pieces,and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculp- tures, (digital)generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 2.(2025·全国二卷)..I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,where bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and center)heating doesn't exist. 3.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Knowing it was too (danger)to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon tied to the end of it. 4.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Conducted on a stormy day in 1752,his experiment proved lightning was (real)just electricity. 5.(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)As a product of China's mobile Internet ecosystem,micro-dra- mas (typical)feature episodes that range from tens of seconds to 15 minutes. 6.(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)Also,micro- dramas serve as a new way to promote Chinese stories and cultures overseas,with North Amer- ica nowadays being the (large)foreign market for consuming such content in the whole world. 7.(2024·新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective (function)structure that is also beau- tiful. 8.(2024·新课标I卷，59)In cold weather,the structure stays (close)to protect the plants. 9.(2025·广东模拟)You can imagine how (terrible)Shy I was with so many eyes fixed up- on me. 10.(2025·湖南学业水平模拟)The Amazon rain- forest,the largest rainforest in the world,play an (importance)role in maintaining the balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 11.(2025·湖南模拟)There were a lot of difficult English words, (especial)in Geography and Biology. 12.(2023·新课标I卷，64)No matter where I buy them,one steamer is (rare)enough, yet two seems greedy,so I am always left wanting more next time. l3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，63)So,what are they learning？ (basic),how to describe a panda's life. 14.(2023·全国甲卷，67) (difference) from traditional fables,Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 15.(2023·浙江1月卷，57)The term“hutong”, (original)meaning“water well'”in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dy- nasty. 1 Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025·陕西学业水平考试)We waste 1.3bil- lion tons of food every year.This is too much- the waste weighs as much as 200 million ele- phants!Most of food waste happens in North America and Europe,where about 100 kg of food per person is wasted each year.However,there are still millions of people that don't have enough to eat. Food waste isn't just bad for humans, though.It's also bad for the environment.When we put food waste into the landfill,it produces a dangerous gas that can keep heat inside of the Earth's atmosphere.That's why it's one of the causes of global warming.There are also chemi- cals that come out of the food and go into the soil. When it rains,the chemicals then go into our riv- ers and lakes.As a result,food waste seriously harms our bodies of water. People don't think about how food is made when they're throwing it away.A lot of water is used to grow plants that make food.We use a lot of energy because we need fuel to transport food. If we waste this food,we waste our planet's natu- ral resources. For these reasons,it is important for us all to reduce our food waste. 1.How many tons of food are wasted every year? A.1 billion. B.1.3 billion. C.100 million. D.200 million. 2.What's the result when the chemicals go into rivers and lakes? A.The body of water is seriously harmed. B.The heat is kept inside of the atmosphere. C.A dangerous gas is slowly disappearing. D.A piece of land is gradually formed. 3.What do we know from Paragraph 3? A.People think twice before throwing food away. B.Little water is used to grow plants that make food. C.We seldom need fuel to transport food every day. D.Wasting food means wasting our natural re- sources. 4.What will the writer probably talk about in the next paragraph? A.Reasons for reducing our food waste. B.Reasons for saving natural resources. C.Methods of reducing our food waste. D.Methods of growing various plants.参考 专题二语法运用 一、冠词 [学考真题精选] 1.a 2.the 3.a 4.the 5.an 6.the [学考素能提升] I,1.the「考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类 游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。] 2.a[考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催 生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流 行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且 new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故 填a。] 3.a[考查冠词。句意：他发现，通过在雷雨天气放风筝，电 流可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。thunderstorm是可数名 词单数，这里表示“一场雷雨”，应用不定冠词，且thunder- storm发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 4.the[考查定冠词。句意：由于菊花在节日期间盛开，在 公园里欣赏菊花是一种乐趣。此处用定冠词the特指重 阳节这个节日，故填the。] 5.the[此处考查固定用法for the first time在句中作状 语。意为“第一次”。] 6.the「考查冠语。此处特指两者中的另一个用定冠词 the。] 7.the[句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处表特 指，用定冠词the。] 8.a[句意：科技班很有趣。我制造了一个钟表拿回了家。 表示一个用a。] 9.the[考查冠词。此处表特指。] 10.the 11.the 12.a[考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤 应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of一点点，稍许。] 13.the[考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，即使医学训练指导使 用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指 用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词 修饰。 14.the[考查冠词。句意：…胡同所反映的是草根北京 人的文化。此处表特指，用定冠词the。] 15.a Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了如日中天的旅游业。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“Look out across the mountains from the hike or enjoy the Northern Lights. 可知。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“It once housed Europe's largest library,and became a hotbed for thinkers,philoso- phers,composers,and musicians.”可知。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据第四段“The boats in the harbour are not just there to look good.Pick your favourite and set sail for a deserted island beach nearby..”可知。] 4.B[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Old San Juan,the US部分“The oldest settlement in the country was foun ded in the early 16 th century..”可知。] 二、名词 [学考真题精选] 1.excitement 2.footsteps 3.customers 4.ability 5.rooms 6.bowls [学考素能提升] I.l.guidance[考查名词。句意：“你试图引导对手进入 你的陷肼，迫使他们跟随你的‘引导’直到他们输掉。”王 伟是此次展览的参观者之一，也是一名围棋选手，他解释 道。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可 数名词。故填guidance。] 答案 2.absence afternoons查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒千 的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的 天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词 absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。考查 名词的数。句意同上。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处 指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填after noons。J 3.times[考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择穿更多衣服 的次数更少了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示 “次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故 填times。 4.solution[考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服 装租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供 了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词$olú tion,意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填 solution。 5.people's[考查名词所有格。句意：“我真的想让这个 (服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总 是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服，”她说。 提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people's,作定语。 故填people's。] 6.inventor[考查名词。句意：本杰明·富兰克林是一位 著名的科学家、作家、印刷商、发明家和政治家。此处需 要一个表示“发明家”的名词，与前面的“scientist,writer, printer”和下文的“politician”并列，invent是动词，其名词 形式为inventor。故填inventor。] 7.experiment's[考查名词的所有格。句意：虽然有人怀疑 实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研究。 他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全性，用 名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment's。故填 experiment's。 8.actions[考查名词复数。句意：如果无害的行为是有害 行为的对立面，为什么无耻的行为和可耻的行为是一样 的呢？根据空后的are可知，主语应用复数形式，action 是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填actions。] 9.favourites 10.visibility 11.themes 12.criticism 13.birds 14.muscles 15.interviews Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作 者对设计的热爱以及从制作衣物到制作鞋子，并最终确定 未来职业方向的经历。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“Then three years ago,I began making shoes,and I now spend my free time doing that.(三年前，我开始制作鞋子，现在我把业余时间都用 来做这个。)”可知，从前两段我们可以知道作者三年前开 始做鞋。门 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“The teachers were excel- lent.That's what was best about the classes..(老师们都 很优秀。这就是课程最好的地方。)”可知，作者最喜欢这 些课程的一点是那里的老师很优秀。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At the moment I'm making a pair of trainers(运动鞋)using an old pair of jeans,but I've used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses！(目前我 正在用一条旧牛仔裤做一双运动鞋，但我以前用过各种 不同的东西，从旧皮革手袋到旧棉质连衣裙！)”可知，作 者现在用旧牛仔裤做运动鞋。 4.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段“I've decided I'lldo home design.（我决定做家居设计。)”可知，作者将来想成 为家居设计师。] 三、形容词和副词 [学考真题精选] 1.quickly 2.frightened 3.powerful 4.immediately;so- cial 5.directly 6.finally 7.lucky 8.colourful [学考素能提升] I.1.enjoyable 2.never 3.lucky 4.popular 5.better 6.somehow 7.shocking 8.much Ⅱ.1.strategic/,strategical digitally[考查形容词。句意： 屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美 感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们 为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此 处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic或者strate- gical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strate- gical。考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated,需 用副词digitally数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。] 2.central[考查形容词。句意：…我和我的中国丈夫和 他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和 茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空 修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”， 作定语。故填central。] 3.dangerous[考查形容词。句意：富兰克林知道拿着湿风 筝线太危险了，于是拿了一根系在湿风筝线末端的丝带。 空处作表语，用形容词，danger是名词，其形容词形式为 dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。] 4.really[考查副词。句意：在1752年的一个暴风雨天，他 的实验证明了闪电实际上就是电。修饰动词was要用副 词，real的副词形式是really。故填really。 5.typically[考查副词。句意：作为中国移动互联网生态 系统的产物，微剧通常的情节从几十秒到15分钟不等。 此处修饰动词“feature”,应该用副词形式，“typical”的副 词是“typically'”,表示“通常；一般地”。故填typically。] 6.largest[考查形容词最高级。句意：此外，微剧是向海外 推广中国故事和文化的一种新方式，目前北美是全球最 大的微剧消费市场。根据空前的“the”以及语境可知，此 处表示“最大的”，要用“large'”的最高级形式“largest”, “the largest foreign market'”表示“最大的海外市场”。故 填largest。」 7.functional 8.closed 9.terribly 10.important 11.especially 12.rarely 13.Basically 14.Different l5.originally[考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中 是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词 meaning需要填副词形式。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是每年全 球存在大量的食物浪费现象，食物浪费不仅对人类不利，还 对环境有害，包括造成全球变暖、污染水体以及浪费自然资 源等，因此减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。 1.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year.(我们每年浪费l3亿吨食物。)” 可知，每年有13亿吨食物被浪费。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“There are also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil.When it rains,the chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes.As a result,food waste seriously harms our bodies of water. (还有一些化学物质从食物中出来进入土壤。下雨时，这 些化学物质就会进入我们的河流和湖泊。因此，食物浪 费严重损害了我们的水体。)”可知，当这些化学物质进入 河流和湖泊，水体会受到严重损害。] 3.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“If we waste this food,we waste our planet's natural resources..(如果我们浪货这 些食物，我们就浪费了地球的自然资源。)”可知，浪费食 物就是浪费自然资源。门 4.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“For these reasons,itis important for us all to reduce our food waste.(由于这些 原因，减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。)”可知，作 者在下一段可能会谈论减少食物浪费的方法。] 四、代词 [学考真题精选] 1.her 2.us 3.their 4.them 5.her 6.his [学考素能提升] I.1.it[it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式。] 2.yours L此处yours相当于your eraser。] 3.Both 4.one 5.None 6.Nothing Ⅱ.l.myself[考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我 发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I, 表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。.故填myself。] 2.their[考查物主代词。句意：现在，一些人仍然在这一 天在他们的房子里挂茱萸。they和houses之间是所属关 系，因此用their修饰houses,故填their。] 3.herself[句意：随后，一个女孩走到我跟前，面带灿烂的 笑容向我自我介绍。introduce oneself表示“自我介绍”， 此处主语是a girl,所以用herself。] 4.her 5.ones 6.myself 7.their 8its[考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭 牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真一普洱茶专题展。 名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。] II.1.help others 2.Each member of 3.at any time 4.Nothing special 5.every word Ⅳ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在 没有智能手机或电脑的古时候，人们玩的一些有趣的游戏。 l.D[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kites have a very long history.People first used kites to send messages. 筝有很长的历史。人们最初用风筝来传递信息。)”可知， 风筝最初是用来传递信息的。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The game got popu- lar in the Song Dynasty.It was still popular in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.But the game got less popular in the Qing Dynasty..(这个游戏在宋朝开始流行。它在 元朝和明朝仍然很流行。但在清朝，这项运动就不那么 流行了。)”可知，捶丸在清朝变得不那么流行了。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In ancient times, people didn't have smartphones or computers to use for fun,Stil,they had interesting games to play.(在古代，人 们没有智能手机或电脑来娱乐。尽管如此，他们还是有 有趣的游戏可玩。)”可知，这四款游戏都是古时候人们玩 的游戏。] 五、介词 [学考真题精选] 1.on 2.of 3.in 4.In 5.of 6.of 7.to 8.of 「学考素能提升] I.1.over 2.in 3.to 4.on 5.against 6.with 7.for 8.at Ⅱ，1.by[考查介词。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以 仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。“by 十具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分 的优势”，符合语境。故填by。] 2.for[考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为 这一切做好准备一可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里 时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for..“使某人为…做好准备”，固定搭配。] 3.o[考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手 的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会 把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。 focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。故填on。] 4.i[句意：我们进行了深入的交谈，发现我们有很多共同 之处。have.in common表示“有…共同之处”，是固定 短语。] 5.t0[考查介词。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某 些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。be similar to“与… 相似”为固定用语。 6.to[考查介词。句意：因此我开始骑自行车。我买了一 辆好自行车，骑了很多。turn to转向。] 7.of 8.on 9.for[考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并 教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibili- ty for对…负责，为固定搭配。] 10.by[考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方 式不同一更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而 不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。]