专题二 二、名词-【创新教程】2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练（山东省通用）

Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2024·湖南学业水平测试)These days, tourism is back in full swing.An increasing num- ber of people prefer to take a break from big city life and start exploring those harder-to-reach towns. Sakrisoy and Reine,Norway This pair of tiny finishing villages sit far,far north.Admittedly,they are a bit of pain to reach: The long (but beautiful)journey there will require some combination of one or two flights,a bus or a boat.If you can make it that far,though,you'll be rewarded with some of the most impressive scenery on Earth.Look out across the mountains from the hike or enjoy the Northern Lights. Avignon,France One of the most recognizable historic towns is found in the south-eastern part of France.The Pal- ace of the Popes here defines the city and is the city and is visible from afar.It once housed Europe's largest library,and became a hotbed for thinkers, philosophers,composers,and musicians.Now it is protected by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Four million tourists visit Avignon every year to explore the ancient architecture. Paraty,Brazil Paraty is a town halfway between Rio and Sao Paulo.Here,life moves at the pace of a horse-and- cart moving across the road (no cars allowed in 学考知识必备《 一、名词的数 1.名词按其所表示的事物性质分为可数名词与不 可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，名 词复数形式构成的部分规则如下： 情况 构成方法 例词 cake-cakes 一般情况 加-s day-days bed-beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch bus-buses 等结尾的词 加-es box-boxes 1 the historic Old Town).The boats in the harbour are not just there to look good.Pick your favourite and set sail for a deserted island beach nearby. Old San Juan,the US The oldest settlement in the country was founded in the early 16th century.Today every- thing here is colourful:the houses differ in colour and style and even the pavements are made of the blue bricks,making it a very attractive and amus- ing place. 1.In which place can you see the Northern Lights? A.Paraty. B.Avignon. C.Sakrisoy and Reine. D.Old San Juan. 2.What can we know about the Palace of the Popes? A.It is invisible from afar. B.It was once a hotbed for painters. C.It is in the north-eastern part of France. D.It housed Europe's largest library in the past. 3.What can visitors do in Paraty,Brazil? A.Go sailing. B.Feed horses. C.Drive your own cars. D.Learn to make boats. 4.When was Old San Juan founded? A.In the 15th century. B.In the 16th century. C.In the 17th century. D.In the 18th century. 名词 续表 以辅音字母加-y 变y为i,再加 baby-babies 结尾的词 -es city-cities 以元音字母加y toy-toys 加-s 结尾的词 monkey- monkeys 以f(fe)结尾 leaf-leaves 变f(fe)为ves 的词 wolf-wolves 以-ce,-se,-ze, face-faces -(d)ge等结尾 加-s orange- 的词 oranges 续表 改变单数名词 man-men 中的元音字母 foot-feet 不规则变化 单复数形式 fish-fish 相同 sheep-sheep 其他形式 mouse-mice 2.某国人变复数 (l)中国人Chinese-→Chinese (2)英国人Englishman→Englishmen (3)阿拉伯人Arab→Arabs 可用口诀记忆这一点，即中日不变英法变，其余 s加后面。 3.以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑 人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”。如： tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes Negro-→Negroes hero-→heroes 而其他一般在词尾加-s。如： z00→Z00S radio->radios 4.复合名词前面的名词是man或woman,变复数 时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形 式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词 变成复数形式。如： man teacher->men teachers boy student->boy students 5.可转化为可数名词的物质名词、抽象名词和专有 名词 方法 例词 paper纸一a paper一张报 (1)有些物质名词 纸；一份试卷；一篇论文 在表达特殊意义 wind风一a wind一场风 时，可转化为可数 snow雪一a snow一场雪 名词，前面可用不 drink饮料一a drink一杯 定冠词修饰。 饮料 (2)抽象名词一般 failure失败一a failure失败 为不可数名词，但 的人或事 当抽象名词表示具 success成功一a success成 体事物时，可用作 功的人或事 可数名词且词义发 shock吃惊一a shock令人 生变化，叫抽象名 吃惊的人或事 词具体化。 续表 (3)专有名词一般 视为不可数名词， a Thomas Edison一位叫托 有时也可用作可数 马斯·爱迪生的人 名词，可以由a/an aTom一个叫汤姆的人 修饰或用复数 形式。 二、名词所有格 1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种 表示形式：一种是's所有格，另一种是of所有 格。如： Beijing is China's capital./Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系， 这时只在最后一个名词后加-'s。如： This is Mary and her sister's bedroom. 这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。 Lily and Lucy's mother is a nurse 莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士。 用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的 物品时，两个名词都在词尾加-'s表示所有关 系。如： These are Tom's and Mary's bags. 这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。 Wei Hua's and John's licenses are missing. 魏华和约翰的许可证都丢了。 3.以-s结尾的名词，在s后加-’；不以-s结尾的词在 词尾加-’s。如： Teachers'Day教师节Children'sDay儿童节 4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如： the door of the room房间的门 5.双重所有格有两种形式：①of+名词所有格； ②of+名词性物主代词。如： He is a friend of my brother's. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的一个女儿吗？ 6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词 后加上-’s代表全称。如： at the doctor's在诊所 三、常见近义名词辨析 后缀 形式 含义 -ation/ -ition/ 与动词结合 行为；状态 -sion/ (t)ion ar/-er/ 动作的发 与动词结合 -or 出者 与动词、形 -ist 容词、名词 从事 的人 结合 与动词、名 行为； -ery 词或形容 状态； 词结合 场所 性质； 与名词或形 -ship 状态； 容词结合 地位 与动词或形 y 状态、过程 容词结合 结果；过 与形容词或 -th 程；性质； 动词结合 状态 -al 与动词结合 人；物；行为 与形容词 性质；状 ness 结合 态；特点 与名词或 age 结果；状态 动词结合 -ing 与动词结合 产物；结果 状况；状 与形容词或 -dom 名词结合 态；地位； 领域 四、常见的名词搭配 例词 1.名词与介词搭配 graduation毕业 above average超出平均水平 competition竞争 at a loss不知所措 conclusion结论 at present目前 contribution贡献 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond doubt无疑，确定 beggar乞丐 writer作家 by nature天生 director导演 by mistake错误地 by heart单凭记忆 cyclist骑自行车的人 journalist记者 for example例如 scientist科学家 in ruins破败不堪 in advance提前 discovery发现 bravery勇气 in public公开 fishery渔场 in conclusion总之 on the whole总的来说 hardship艰难 on the contrary相反 friendship友谊 out of order出故障；不整洁 leadership领导地位 scholarship奖学金 out of breath上气不接下气 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 difficulty困难 inquiry询问 out of danger脱险 out of sight不在视野之内 warmth温暖 on this occasion在这种情况下 truth真相 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是 growth生长 to some degree在某种程度上 beyond expression无法用言语表达 arrival到达 above one's understanding某人理解不了 approval同意 beyond one's reach够不着；超出某人的能力范围 illness疾病 beyond price无价的，极宝贵的 awareness意识 at full speed全速 silliness愚蠢 at risk冒险 package包裹 beyond belief难以置信 marriage婚姻 by chance/accident偶然 by no means决不，一点也不 painting绘画（作品） by the hour按小时计算 saying格言 for sale供出售 for an instant一瞬间 freedom自由 in doubt怀疑，不确定 kingdom王国 in all respects在各方面 in detail详细地 12 on purpose故意地 on average平均 out of date过时 out of pity出于同情 out of the question不可能 under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建设中 out of control失控 2.名词与动词搭配 catch sight of瞥见 make use of利用 make a fool of愚弄 pay attention to注意 set foot in进入；访问 take notice of注意到 find fault with挑…的错 keep pace with与…同步 make fun of取笑 put an end to结束 take hold of抓住 take part in参加 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2025·广东学业水平考试)Simon was the own- er of a cafe in a small town.He wanted to pro- duce a little extra (excite)for his busi- ness. 2.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)Then the (footstep)were heard again.Polly was more frightened than a minute before,and she couldn't move at all. 3.(2025·广东学业水平考试)Thirty (customer)took up the challenge. 4.(2024·新疆学业水平测试)China once again proved its (able)to change the world with the“four great new inventions”. 5.(2024·湖南省合格考)What's more,indoor an- imal houses,feed processing (room) and outdoor exercise areas were set up in the re- serve.·· 6.(2023·湖南省合格考)..the dinner table was already covered with white china plates and (bowl),full of all kinds of dishes. 学考素能提升 I.单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your (guide)’till they lose,.”explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 2.(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the (absent)of smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoon)with lots of fresh air. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 4.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright,providing a less expensive (solve)to one-time event dressing. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for (people)lives today,and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,"she says. 6.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist,writer,print- er, (invent)and politician. 7.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Though some doubted the experiment safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electrici- ty.His contributions remain influential in sci- ence. 8.（2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)If harmless (action)are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless and shameful behav- iors the same? 9.(2024·新课标I卷，62)These plants included modern Western (favourite)such as rosemary,lavender and fennel. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，62)Those cultural ele- ments have increased Stratford's international (visible),... 11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，57)Although they could never have met,there are common (theme)in their works,... 12.(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing“buy one get one free'”promotions because of the (criticize)that they lead to waste. 13.(2025·湖南合格考)More than1,300 species of (bird)and over 400 species of mammals hide in the jungle. 14.(2025·糊南模拟)Luckily,my coach taught me how to relax my (muscle)and fo- cus on peace of mind. 15.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，61)They also need to be ready to give (interview)in English with international journalists. Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2025·陕西学业水平考试)I've always liked designing things.I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight,and I made my first skirt aged nine.Then three years ago,I began making shoes,and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe-making course.I immediately asked my mum to book me on a four-day course in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten-day course there in the sum- mer holidays. I love the courses.On the longer one,I made four pairs of shoes!I couldn't believe it.The teachers were excellent.That's what was best about the classes.They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun,too. I've made about 15 pairs of shoes now.At the moment I'm making a pair of trainers(运动鞋) using an old pair of jeans,but I've used all kinds of different things before,from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes has changed my plans for the future.I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer.I've decided I'll do home design.I've designed lots of shoes and also some clothes,so I'd like to try something new. 1.What do we know about the writer from the first two paragraphs? A.She began making shoes three years ago. B.She made her first skirt at the age of eight. C.She booked a four-day course in the summer holidays. D.She told her cousin about an online shoe-mak- ing course. 2.What did the writer like most about the courses? A.The classes were given online. B.She enjoyed staying in London. C.The teachers there were excellent. D.She made about 15 pairs of shoes. 3.What material is the writer using for trainers now? A.Old skirts. B.Old cotton dresses. C.Old jeans. D.Old leather handbags. 4.What would the writer like to be in the future? A.A shoe designer.B.A home designer. C.A course designer.D.A clothes designer.参考 专题二语法运用 一、冠词 [学考真题精选] 1.a 2.the 3.a 4.the 5.an 6.the [学考素能提升] I,1.the「考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类 游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。] 2.a[考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催 生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流 行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且 new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故 填a。] 3.a[考查冠词。句意：他发现，通过在雷雨天气放风筝，电 流可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。thunderstorm是可数名 词单数，这里表示“一场雷雨”，应用不定冠词，且thunder- storm发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 4.the[考查定冠词。句意：由于菊花在节日期间盛开，在 公园里欣赏菊花是一种乐趣。此处用定冠词the特指重 阳节这个节日，故填the。] 5.the[此处考查固定用法for the first time在句中作状 语。意为“第一次”。] 6.the「考查冠语。此处特指两者中的另一个用定冠词 the。] 7.the[句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处表特 指，用定冠词the。] 8.a[句意：科技班很有趣。我制造了一个钟表拿回了家。 表示一个用a。] 9.the[考查冠词。此处表特指。] 10.the 11.the 12.a[考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤 应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of一点点，稍许。] 13.the[考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，即使医学训练指导使 用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指 用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词 修饰。 14.the[考查冠词。句意：…胡同所反映的是草根北京 人的文化。此处表特指，用定冠词the。] 15.a Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了如日中天的旅游业。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“Look out across the mountains from the hike or enjoy the Northern Lights. 可知。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“It once housed Europe's largest library,and became a hotbed for thinkers,philoso- phers,composers,and musicians.”可知。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据第四段“The boats in the harbour are not just there to look good.Pick your favourite and set sail for a deserted island beach nearby..”可知。] 4.B[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Old San Juan,the US部分“The oldest settlement in the country was foun ded in the early 16 th century..”可知。] 二、名词 [学考真题精选] 1.excitement 2.footsteps 3.customers 4.ability 5.rooms 6.bowls [学考素能提升] I.l.guidance[考查名词。句意：“你试图引导对手进入 你的陷肼，迫使他们跟随你的‘引导’直到他们输掉。”王 伟是此次展览的参观者之一，也是一名围棋选手，他解释 道。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可 数名词。故填guidance。] 答案 2.absence afternoons查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒千 的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的 天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词 absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。考查 名词的数。句意同上。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处 指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填after noons。J 3.times[考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择穿更多衣服 的次数更少了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示 “次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故 填times。 4.solution[考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服 装租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供 了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词$olú tion,意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填 solution。 5.people's[考查名词所有格。句意：“我真的想让这个 (服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总 是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服，”她说。 提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people's,作定语。 故填people's。] 6.inventor[考查名词。句意：本杰明·富兰克林是一位 著名的科学家、作家、印刷商、发明家和政治家。此处需 要一个表示“发明家”的名词，与前面的“scientist,writer, printer”和下文的“politician”并列，invent是动词，其名词 形式为inventor。故填inventor。] 7.experiment's[考查名词的所有格。句意：虽然有人怀疑 实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研究。 他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全性，用 名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment's。故填 experiment's。 8.actions[考查名词复数。句意：如果无害的行为是有害 行为的对立面，为什么无耻的行为和可耻的行为是一样 的呢？根据空后的are可知，主语应用复数形式，action 是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填actions。] 9.favourites 10.visibility 11.themes 12.criticism 13.birds 14.muscles 15.interviews Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作 者对设计的热爱以及从制作衣物到制作鞋子，并最终确定 未来职业方向的经历。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“Then three years ago,I began making shoes,and I now spend my free time doing that.(三年前，我开始制作鞋子，现在我把业余时间都用 来做这个。)”可知，从前两段我们可以知道作者三年前开 始做鞋。门 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“The teachers were excel- lent.That's what was best about the classes..(老师们都 很优秀。这就是课程最好的地方。)”可知，作者最喜欢这 些课程的一点是那里的老师很优秀。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At the moment I'm making a pair of trainers(运动鞋)using an old pair of jeans,but I've used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses！(目前我 正在用一条旧牛仔裤做一双运动鞋，但我以前用过各种 不同的东西，从旧皮革手袋到旧棉质连衣裙！)”可知，作 者现在用旧牛仔裤做运动鞋。 4.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段“I've decided I'lldo home design.（我决定做家居设计。)”可知，作者将来想成 为家居设计师。] 三、形容词和副词 [学考真题精选] 1.quickly 2.frightened 3.powerful 4.immediately;so- cial 5.directly 6.finally 7.lucky 8.colourful