Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage（课件）英语译林版2020选择性必修第一册

高中英语译林2020选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Exploring Poetry Grammar and usage Learning Objectives identify and categorize the use of to-infinitives, verb-ing, and verb-ed forms; use the right forms of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed to finish tasks such as rewriting sentences, completing an article and writing on the importance of reading poems. summarize general rules of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms; Contents 1. Lead in 2. Exploring the rules 3. Working out the rules 4. Applying the rules 5. Language points 6. Summary 7. Assessment 8. Homework 01. Lead in Lead in 1. I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills. Do you know who wrote these poems? 2. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 3. Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. William Wordsworth Percy Bysshe Shelley John Keats Romanticisim 02. Exploring the rules Exploring the rules Below is an introduction to Romantic poetry. Read it and fill in the blanks in the table. Exploring the rules Romanticism Definition It was a 1) __________________from the late 18th to the mid-19th century, involving 2)________________________ and poets. The aim To 3)______________________ of the 18th century. To put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, 4)_________________ and a return to the past. cultural movement painters, musicians, novelists break with the ideals the love of nature Exploring the rules Romanticism Representatives of English poets 5) ________________________________________ The common theme in Romantic poetry Celebrating the beauty of 6) ______________________ The significance The poetry of the Romantic era is one of 7) _____________________________________ William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley natural and country life the greatest treasures in Western literature Exploring the rules Read the introduction again. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives, verb-ing or verb-ed forms and complete the table on P48. Exploring the rules Subjects Predicatives The aim of the Romantic was to break with ... Objects 1)..., celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry. 2) Romantic poets were often not pleased with ... 3) ... they were not always interested in ... 4)... they refused to follow rigid rules; ... 5)Instead, they advocated going back to nature. Exploring the rules Complements Attributives Adverbials 6)..., people were made to work long hours. 7)... a process called industrialization 8)Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, ... Exploring the rules The to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the future; the verb-ing form, a continuing action; and the verb-ed form, a past action. Generally speaking, the verb-ing form expresses a(n) (1) ________ (active/passive) meaning, while the verb-ed form expresses a(n) (2) ________ (active/passive) meaning. The to-infinitive can be used as the (3) ____________ of a sentence. The verb-ing form can be used as the (4) ____________ of a sentence. The verb-ed form can be used as the (5) ________ of a sentence. *You can choose more than one answer for each blank. a. subject b. predicative c. object d. complement e. attributive f. adverbial active passive a, b, c, d, e, f a, b, c, d, e, f b, d, e, f 03. Working out the rules Working out the rules 非谓语动词不是句子的谓语动词，不能单独作谓语，但是可以作谓语之外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。 非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，但是有一般体、进行体、完成体和语态的变化，还可以有自己的宾语或者状语。 非谓语动词综述 Working out the rules 非谓语动词综述 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √ Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as subjects 01 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it替代，不定式置于句末。 It+be+形容词+for sb to do sth It+be+形容词+of sb to do sth It+be+名词＋to do sth It takes/costs sb+some time to do Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as subjects 01 2. 动词-ing形式有时也可用形式主语it替代，动词-ing形式置于句末。 It’s no use/good doing sth. It’s a waste of time doing sth. It’s (not) worth doing sth. Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as subjects 01 3. 动词不定式作主语，通常表示具体的、一次性的或将要发生的动作。 如：To cook Chinese food is not easy. To eat healthy food is important for our health. 注意：动名词作主语，通常表示一般的、抽象的或经常性的动作。 Trying new recipes is always fun. Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as objects 02 1.afford/agree/arrange/choose/claim/desire/expect/fail/hope/intend/offer/pretend/promise/refuse/wish后常接不定式做宾语； Mike offered to help me. Tom promised to go with me. 2. 在 advise/admit/avoid/consider/deny/enjoy/finish/practise/suggest 等动词以及 burst out/give up/insist on/keep on/put off 等短语后，常接动词 -ing 形式作宾语； I considered going to see him in person. Everyone burst out laughing. Working out the rules 3.有些动词既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同 To-infinitives/v-ing forms as objects 02 try to do sth. 设法做某事 try doing sth. 试试做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as objects 02 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事 Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as predicatives 03 1.动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下 to 可以省略。 My purpose is to help them. My hope is for all members to come together. All I did was (to) give him a little push. Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as predicatives 03 2.动词 -ing 形式和动词 -ed 形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词 -ing 形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time. He is very concerned with the matter. This is asking for trouble. Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as attributives 04 形式 含义 to do doing done to be done being done 将要做（被修饰名词有序数词，最高级） 正在做/主动 已经做了/被动 将要被做 正在被做 Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as attributives 04 1. I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 2. The boy standing there is my friend. 3. Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground. 4. Many students like to read novels written in English. 5. The building to be built in the square will be a new library. 6. Do you see the house being built over there? Practice 1. The ability __________(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _________(ache) legs. 3.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation______ (hold)in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute（致敬）to the ancient Silk Road. 4.The northern branch of the Palace Museum is a key cultural project in Beijing in 2025, expected ________________(complete) by October. 5.The problem ___________(discuss) at the moment is of great significance. 6.The building ________(face) the river is our school library. Working out the rules to express aching held to be completed being discussed facing Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as adverbials 05 to do 目的 / 结果 v-ing 时间/原因/伴随/结果（主动） v-ed 时间/原因/伴随（被动） Working out the rules 1. 不定式作目的状语的常用短语有：to do//in order to do //so as to do。 To catch the early bus, she got up at 5 o’clock. She saved money in order to buy a new car. He lowered his voice so as not to wake the baby. To-infinitives/v-ing forms as adverbials 05 Working out the rules 现在分词也可引导结果状语，但是通常表示一种顺其自然的结果，即前句是分词动作的结果。 The fire lasted a whole night, destroying most of the building. He ran all the way to the station, breathing heavily. She worked day and night, finishing the project ahead of schedule. To-infinitives/v-ing forms as adverbials 05 2. 不定式作结果状语的常用短语有：only to do （竟然...(出乎意料的结果)）， so/such ... as to do （如此...以至于）， enough + to do （足够...以至于）， too ... to do （太...而不能）。多表示出乎意料的结果。 He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. He was so angry as to be unable to speak. He is too young to understand the problem. Working out the rules 3.动词-ing形式作状语可以用完成having done， 它往往强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，或表示已经持续一段时间的动作或状态。 Having lived in Paris for 10 years, he knows the city very well. Having failed the exam twice, she decided to study harder. Having seen the film before, I don’t want to watch it again. To-infinitives/v-ing forms as adverbials 05 Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as complements 06 to do 说明宾语的一个动作的整个过程或结果； v-ing 说明宾语的动作是主动且正在进行； v-ed 表示宾语的动作是被动且已经完成。 vt. + sb/sth(宾语) + 补语 Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as complements 06 1. 以下动词常接动词不定式结构：expect/forbid/force/order/ask/request+ sb.(宾语)+to do(宾补)。 We can always expect him to help us. He warned us to be careful. The school forbids students to use mobile phones in class. The bad weather forced them to cancel the outdoor activity. Working out the rules To-infinitives/v-ing forms as complements 06 2. 在 see、hear、notice、watch、feel 等动词后，可以接不带 to 的动词不定式，也可以接动词 -ing 形式作补语。 see/hear/notice/watch/feel + sb(宾) + (to) do 动作的全过程 + sb(宾) + v-ing 动作正在进行 + sb(宾) + v-ed 被动 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. They watched the team win the game after a tough fight. I saw him crossing the street. He felt the ground shaking under his feet during the earthquake. We heard the song played again on the radio. He watched his broken phone repaired in the shop. Practice 1. When I put my hand on his chest，I could feel his heart still_______ (beat) faintly.. 2.They saw the old woman _______(knock) down by a car. 3.As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife _______(wave) a sign. 4.I felt my hand _________held (hold)gently in the dark. 5. He saw the thief _______(steal) the wallet and run away quickly. Working out the rules beating knocked waving held steal 04. Applying the rules Applying the rules Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms. 1. Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms. They were particularly interested in it. Romantic poets were particularly ____________________________________ _____________. 2. Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poet’s imagination when they described natural scenes. Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poet’s imagination when _________________________. 3. Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration. Poems __________________ often stress the moment of inspiration. poetic forms describing natural scenes focusing on nature interested in experimenting with new Applying the rules 4. Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes, and contain rich sensory details. _______________________________________________, many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details. 5. Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals, finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult. Since Romantic poets were all highly colourful and independent individuals, it is sometimes difficult _________________________________. Filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes to find concerns common to all of them Born in 1770, William Wordsworth was one of the (1) _______(lead) poets of the Romantic movement in England. (2) _______ (grow) up in the beautiful Lake District, Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet. (3)__________ (educate) at Cambridge, Wordsworth received his degree in 1791. He spent a lot of time (4) ______(tour) in Europe. Travelling obviously provided Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems. In 1795, he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends. Applying the rules Below is an article about the English poet William Wordsworth. Complete the article with the correct to-infinitives, verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brackets. leading Growing Educated touring (5) _______ (meet) Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth. Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems (6) _______ (write) together with Coleridge, was Wordsworth’s first great work. It was published in 1798 and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry. Wordsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could use (7) ________ (express) their feelings. Many of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature. Like other Romantics, Wordsworth preferred (8) ___________ (live) in the country rather than in the city. Applying the rules Meeting written to express to live/living Applying the rules Read the article again and finish the timeline. He was born in England. 1770 1798 1795 1791 He __________________ from Cambridge. received his degree He _________________ _____________ and the two became close friends. met Samuel Talyor Coleridge _____________, a collection of poems was published, which was Wordsworth’s first great work and__________________ __________________ in poetry. Lyrical Ballads marked the start of the Romantic era William Wordsworth: a ___________of the Romantic movement in England leading poet Applying the rules Write about the importance of reading poems. Think of at least one reason and give supporting details, using to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms. Use the example below to help you. Reading poems helps me understand the beauty of language. There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems, such as rhyme and metaphor. When reading these beautifully written lines, I can enjoy the beauty of the language. Example Applying the rules Presenting Applying the rules Reading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express. Every poem is unique to its poet and its message might first need to be discovered before it can be understood. A poem also represents what the poet was experiencing at that time, such as passion or sorrow. When I read a poem, I want to discover and understand the poet’s message. So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time. Understanding the poet’s thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored. Possible answer 05. Language Points Important phrases 1 和……原有的理念决裂 2 拒绝遵循严格死板的规则 3 强调……的重要性 4 在于 5 提倡回归自然 6 赞扬自然和乡村生活的美 7 实验 8 强调灵感的时刻 9 包含丰富的感官细节 10 对……有巨大影响 break with the ideals of... refuse to follow rigid rules put emphasis on the importance of... lie in advocate going back to nature celebrate the beauty of nature and country life experiment with... stress the moment of inspiration contain rich sensory details have a huge impact on... 06. Summary Summary 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式√ √ √ √ √ 07. Assessment Assessment Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1.After learning, I am able to identify and categorize the use of to-infinitives, verb-ing, and verb-ed forms. 2.After learning, I am able to summarize general rules of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms. 3.After learning, I am able to use the right forms of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed to finish tasks such as rewriting sentences, completing an article and writing on the importance of reading poems. 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 08. Homework Homework 1. Finish C on page 76. 2. Polish up your writing. Homework Answer 1. The system has the ability _______ (run) more than one program atthe same time. 2. _____________ (approach) the lake, we found many people taking exercise. 3. Literature is a great treasure waiting _________________ (discover). 4. ___________________ (struggle) with the problem for hours, Tom finally went to his teacher for help. 5. ___________ (see) in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. to run Approaching to be discovered Having struggled Seen Homework Answer 6. Many rooms need _____________________ (clean), your bedroom in particular. 7. I was so shocked that I found myself ___________ (lose) for words. 8. ____________ (judge) by his accent, we guess he is from the south. 9. I know she is upset but I don’t regret ___________ (tell) her about it. She needs to know the truth. 10. The young man was considered _____________ (have) great promise. cleaning/ to be cleaned lost Judging telling to have Thank you for your listening $