2026年中考英语语法难点现在完成时&专项练习卷

中考语法难点现在完成时&专项练习卷 一、现在完成时知识点梳理 （一）结构 现在完成时的基本结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”。当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/ 单个人名 / 单个事物名称等）时，用 has；其他人称（I/you/we/they 等）用 have。例如： · I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。） · She has seen the movie.（她已经看过这部电影了。） （二）概念 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 此时常与 already（已经，用于肯定句）、yet（还，用于疑问句和否定句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前）等标志词连用。例如： 1. I have already eaten breakfast, so I'm not hungry now.（我已经吃过早饭了，所以我现在不饿。） · Have you finished your work yet?（你完成你的工作了吗？） 1. He has just come back from school.（他刚从学校回来。） 1. Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？） 1. I have never seen such a beautiful place.（我从未见过如此美丽的地方。） 1. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 一般过去时的从句、how long（多久）、up to now（到目前为止）、until now（直到现在）、these days（这些天）等表示时间段的词或短语连用。例如： 1. I have lived in this city for ten years.（我在这个城市已经住了十年了。） 1. She has studied English since 2015.（她从 2015 年就开始学英语了。） 1. How long have you been here?（你在这里多久了？） 1. Up to now, we have learned 2000 English words.（到目前为止，我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。） （三）瞬时性动词和持续性动词 1. 定义 1. 瞬时性动词：也叫短暂动词、非延续性动词、终止性动词，这类动词所表示的动作在开始后立即结束或在很短时间内结束，如 come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend 等。例如：buy sth（买下某物，付款拿发票动作就完成）；borrow sth（借书，办理登记手续后动作结束）。 1. 持续性动词：能够延续的动作，如 stay, keep, know, have 等。这些动词概念中没有特定的结束象征，可持续下去。 2. 用法 A. 现在完成时句子中，句中没有表示 “... 已经多久了” 的表达时： 10. 肯定句：瞬间动词或持续性动词都可以用。例如：He has borrowed a book.（他已经借了一本书了。）；I have learned a little about Japanese.（我学过一点日语。） · 否定句：瞬间动词或持续性动词都可以用。例如：He has never borrowed money from me.（他从未向我借过钱。）；I haven't learned about Japanese.（我没有学过日语。） B. 现在完成时句子中有 “for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 句子、how long” 等表示 “... 已经多久了” 的表达时： 10. 肯定句：只能用持续性动词。例如：His grandpa has been dead for three years.（他爷爷去世三年了。不能用 has died for three years，因为 die “死去” 这个瞬间性动作不可能持续三年，只有 dead “死去的” 这个状态可以持续三年） C. 想表达 “一个瞬间性动作已经过去多久了” 时：瞬时性动词可以转为相应的持续性动词，继续使用现在完成时。常见转换如下： 10. buy 变 have。例如：My brother has had（不能用 has bought） this bike for almost four years. 10. borrow 变 keep/have。例如：I have kept（不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. 10. become 变 be。例如：How long has your sister been（不能用 has your sister become） a teacher? 10. catch a cold 变 have a cold。例如：Tom has had a cold（不能用 has caught a cold) since the day before yesterday. 专项练习 （一）单项选择（共 20 题） 1. -______ you ______ your homework yet? 1. Yes, I ______ it an hour ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished 2. His father ______ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. has been in 3. -Where is your father? 1. He ______ to Shanghai. He ______ there for 3 days. A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has gone 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept 5. My brother ______ the army for three years. A. has been in B. has joined C. joined 6. -______ you ever ______ to Beijing? 1. Yes, I ______ there last year. A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went C. Did; go; have been 7. Tom ______ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has had 8. The students ______ the classroom. It's very clean now. A. have cleaned B. cleaned C. will clean 9. -______ your sister ______ the film before? 1. Yes, she ______ it last Sunday. A. Has; seen; saw B. Did; see; saw C. Has; seen; has seen 10. I ______ a teacher for ten years. A. am B. have been C. was 11. -______ you ______ your project yet? · Not yet. I'll finish it in ten minutes. A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Will; finish 12. The old man ______ in the small village for nearly 50 years. A. lived B. has lived C. had lived 13. -______ Mr. Smith ______ his report? · Yes, he has. He finished it half an hour ago. A. Has; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 14. The scientists ______ a new kind of medicine. It can help a lot of patients. A. discovered B. have discovered C. will discover 15. I ______ my keys. I can't find them anywhere. A. lost B. have lost C. had lost 16. -How long ______ you ______ here? · Since last year. A. have; studied B. did; study C. do; study 17. My mother ______ dinner. It smells delicious. A. has cooked B. cooked C. will cook 18. They ______ the Great Wall twice. A. have visited B. visited C. will visit 19. We ______ not ______ our homework yet. We need more time. A. have; finished B. did; finish C. do; finish 20. He ______ in this city since he was born. A. lived B. has lived C. had lived （二）用所给词的适当形式填空（共 10 题） 1. I ______ (buy) a new bike. I can ride it to school now. 2. My mother ______ (cook) dinner. It smells delicious. 3. They ______ (visit) the Great Wall twice. 4. We ______ (not finish) our homework yet. We need more time. 5. He ______ (live) in this city since he was born. 6. She ______ (read) the book three times. 7. The boy ______ (lose) his key. He can't get into the room. 8. I ______ (see) the film already. It's very interesting. 9. My parents ______ (be) to Beijing. They know a lot about the city. 10. The students ______ (plant) many trees in the park. It looks much greener now. （三）句子改错（共 10 题） 1. I have bought the book for two weeks. 2. He has joined the club since last year. 3. They have gone to the library for an hour. 4. She has come here since three days ago. 5. I have borrowed the bike for a week. 6. My father has left home since yesterday. 7. The film has begun for ten minutes. 8. We have arrived in Beijing since last Monday. 9. He has died for two years. 10. They have opened the shop since last month. （四）语法填空（共 10 题） 1. My sister ______ (be) to Paris. She can tell you a lot about it. 2. We ______ (not see) each other for a long time. 3. Tom ______ (live) in this town since 2010. 4. The children ______ (finish) their homework. They can play now. 5. I ______ (lose) my pen. I can't find it anywhere. 6. She ______ (write) three letters to her friend this month. 7. My parents ______ (visit) the museum already. 8. He ______ (not come) back yet. We are waiting for him. 9. The students ______ (clean) the classroom. It's tidy now. 10. They ______ (plant) many flowers in the garden. It looks beautiful. （五）翻译句子（共 10 题） 1. 我已经看过这部电影了。 2. 她学法语已经三年了。 3. 你完成作业了吗？ 4. 他们今年去过动物园两次了。 5. 我们还没有完成作业。 6. 到目前为止，我们已经学了十个新单词。 7. 他自从出生就一直住在这个城市。 8. 我刚刚吃了午饭。 9. 她从未去过上海。 10. 你曾经看过那部电视剧吗？ 三、答案及解析 （一）单项选择 1. 答案：C 1. 解析：第一句中 yet 是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，所以前两空填 Have; done；第二句中 an hour ago 是一般过去时的时间状语，所以用 finished。 2. 答案：C 1. 解析：since 1978 表示从过去一直持续到现在的时间，要用现在完成时，且 join 是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，需转化为 be in，所以用 has been in。 3. 答案：A 1. 解析：第一空表示 “去了某地还未回来” 用 has gone to；第二空表示 “在某地待了多长时间” 用 has been in，这里 there 是副词，省略 in。 4. 答案：C 1. 解析：for two weeks 表示一段时间，borrow 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，keep 是持续性动词，所以用 have kept。 5. 答案：A 1. 解析：for three years 表示一段时间，join 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，be in the army 表示 “在军队服役”，是持续性的，所以用 has been in。 6. 答案：A 1. 解析：第一句中 ever 是现在完成时标志词，“去过某地” 用 have been to；第二句中 last year 是一般过去时时间状语，所以用 went。 7. 答案：C · 解析：for two weeks 表示一段时间，lend 和 borrow 都是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，have 表示 “拥有”，是持续性动词，所以用 has had。 8. 答案：A 1. 解析：根据 It's very clean now 可知，打扫教室这个动作对现在造成了 “教室干净” 的结果，用现在完成时 have cleaned。 9. 答案：A 1. 解析：第一句中 before 是现在完成时标志词，现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，所以前两空填 Has; seen；第二句中 last Sunday 是一般过去时时间状语，所以用 saw。 10. 答案：B 1. 解析：for ten years 表示一段时间，用现在完成时 have been。 11. 答案：B 1. 解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，所以用 Have; finished。 12. 答案：B 1. 解析：for nearly 50 years 表示从过去一直持续到现在的一段时间，用现在完成时 has lived。 13. 答案：A 1. 解析：根据回答 Yes, he has. 可知，问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，所以用 Has; finished。 14. 答案：B 1. 解析：根据语境，科学家发现新药物这个动作对现在有影响（能帮助很多病人），用现在完成时 have discovered。 15. 答案：B 1. 解析：根据 I can't find them anywhere 可知，丢钥匙这个动作对现在造成了找不到钥匙的结果，用现在完成时 have lost。 16. 答案：A 1. 解析：Since last year 表示从过去一直持续到现在的时间，用现在完成时 have studied。 17. 答案：A 1. 解析：根据 It smells delicious 可知，做饭这个动作对现在造成了 “有美味的味道” 的结果，用现在完成时 has cooked。 18. 答案：A 1. 解析：twice 表示 “两次”，强调到现在为止的次数，用现在完成时 have visited。 19. 答案：A 1. 解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，现在完成时否定句结构为 “Have/Has + not + 过去分词”，所以用 have; not finished。 20. 答案：B 1. 解析：since he was born 表示从过去一直持续到现在的时间，用现在完成时 has lived。 （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. 答案：have bought 1. 解析：根据 I can ride it to school now 可知，买自行车这个动作对现在造成了 “能骑车上学” 的结果，用现在完成时。 2. 答案：has cooked 1. 解析：根据 It smells delicious 可知，做饭这个动作对现在造成了 “有美味的味道” 的结果，用现在完成时。 3. 答案：have visited 1. 解析：twice 表示 “两次”，强调到现在为止的次数，用现在完成时。 4. 答案：haven't finished 1. 解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，现在完成时否定句结构为 “Have/Has + not + 过去分词”。 5. 答案：has lived 1. 解析：since he was born 表示从过去一直持续到现在的时间，用现在完成时。 6. 答案：has read 1. 解析：three times 表示 “三次”，强调到现在为止的次数，用现在完成时。 7. 答案：has lost 1. 解析：根据 He can't get into the room 可知，丢钥匙这个动作对现在造成了 “进不去房间” 的结果，用现在完成时。 8. 答案：have seen 1. 解析：already 是现在完成时标志词，用现在完成时。 9. 答案：have been 1. 解析：表示 “去过某地” 用 have been to。 10. 答案：have planted 1. 解析：根据 It looks much greener now 可知，种树这个动作对现在造成了 “公园更绿” 的结果，用现在完成时。 （三）句子改错 1. 答案：I have had the book for two weeks. 1. 解析：for two weeks 表示一段时间，buy 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，需转化为 have。 2. 答案：He has been in the club since last year. 1. 解析：since last year 表示一段时间，join 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，需转化为 be in。 3. 答案：They have been in the library for an hour. 解析：for an hour 表示一段时间，go 是短暂性动词，“去图书馆” 这个动作不能持续一小时，需转化为 “在图书馆”（be in the library），用 have been in。 4. 答案：She has been here since three days ago. 解析：since three days ago 表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，come 是短暂性动词，“来这里” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “在这里”（be here），用 have been。 5. 答案：I have kept the bike for a week. 解析：for a week 表示一段时间，borrow 是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，需转化为 “保留”（keep），用 have kept。 6. 答案：My father has been away from home since yesterday. 解析：since yesterday 表示时间段，leave 是短暂性动词，“离开” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “离开的状态”（be away from），用 have been away from。 7. 答案：The film has been on for ten minutes. 解析：for ten minutes 表示时间段，begin 是短暂性动词，“开始” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “上映的状态”（be on），用 have been on。 8. 答案：We have been in Beijing since last Monday. 解析：since last Monday 表示时间段，arrive 是短暂性动词，“到达” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “在某地”（be in），用 have been in。 9. 答案：He has been dead for two years. 解析：for two years 表示时间段，die 是短暂性动词，“死亡” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “死亡的状态”（be dead），用 have been dead。 10. 答案：They have kept the shop open since last month. 解析：since last month 表示时间段，open（打开）是短暂性动词，“打开店铺” 的动作不能持续，需转化为 “保持店铺营业的状态”（keep the shop open），用 have kept。 （四）语法填空 1. 答案：has been 解析：根据 “She can tell you a lot about it” 可知，“去过巴黎” 的经历对现在有影响，“去过某地” 用 have been to，主语 my sister 是第三人称单数，所以用 has been。 2. 答案：haven't seen 解析：for a long time 表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，用现在完成时，否定形式为 haven't/hasn't + 过去分词，主语 we 用 haven't seen。 3. 答案：has lived 解析：since 2010 表示从过去持续到现在的时间，用现在完成时，主语 Tom 是第三人称单数，所以用 has lived。 4. 答案：have finished 解析：根据 “They can play now” 可知，“完成作业” 的动作对现在造成了 “能去玩” 的结果，用现在完成时，主语 the children 用 have finished。 5. 答案：have lost 解析：根据 “I can't find it anywhere” 可知，“丢钢笔” 的动作对现在造成了 “找不到” 的结果，用现在完成时，主语 I 用 have lost。 6. 答案：has written 解析：this month 表示 “到目前为止的这个月”，强调动作发生在当前时间段内，用现在完成时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，所以用 has written。 7. 答案：have visited 解析：already 是现在完成时的标志词，用现在完成时，主语 my parents 用 have visited。 8. 答案：hasn't come 解析：yet 是现在完成时的标志词，否定形式为 haven't/hasn't + 过去分词，主语 he 是第三人称单数，所以用 hasn't come。 9. 答案：have cleaned 解析：根据 “It's tidy now” 可知，“打扫教室” 的动作对现在造成了 “整洁” 的结果，用现在完成时，主语 the students 用 have cleaned。 10. 答案：have planted 解析：根据 “It looks beautiful” 可知，“种花” 的动作对现在造成了 “花园漂亮” 的结果，用现在完成时，主语 they 用 have planted。 （五）翻译句子 1. 答案：I have already seen this film. 解析：“已经” 用 already（肯定句中），“看电影” 用 see the film，现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词，主语 I 用 have seen。 2. 答案：She has studied French for three years. / She has been studying French since three years ago. 解析：“学法语” 用 study French，“已经三年了” 可用 for three years 或 since three years ago，均需用现在完成时，主语 she 用 has studied。 3. 答案：Have you finished your homework yet? 解析：“完成作业” 用 finish your homework，疑问句中 “已经” 用 yet，现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词，主语 you 用 Have finished。 4. 答案：They have been to the zoo twice this year. 解析：“去过动物园” 用 have been to the zoo，“两次” 用 twice，“今年” 用 this year（强调到目前为止），主语 they 用 have been。 5. 答案：We haven't finished our homework yet. 解析：“还没有” 用 haven't + 过去分词，疑问句 / 否定句中 “已经” 用 yet，“完成作业” 用 finish our homework，主语 we 用 haven't finished。 6. 答案：Up to now, we have learned ten new words. 解析：“到目前为止” 用 up to now（现在完成时标志词），“学新单词” 用 learn new words，现在完成时结构为 have learned，主语 we 用 have learned。 7. 答案：He has lived in this city since he was born. 解析：“自从出生” 用 since he was born（since 引导一般过去时从句），“住在这个城市” 用 live in this city，现在完成时结构为 have lived，主语 he 用 has lived。 8. 答案：I have just had lunch. 解析：“刚刚” 用 just（现在完成时标志词），“吃午饭” 用 have lunch，过去分词为 had，主语 I 用 have just had。 9. 答案：She has never been to Shanghai. 解析：“从未” 用 never（现在完成时标志词），“去过上海” 用 have been to Shanghai，主语 she 用 has never been。 10. 答案：Have you ever watched that TV play? 解析：“曾经” 用 ever（现在完成时标志词），“看电视剧” 用 watch that TV play，现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词，主语 you 用 Have watched。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $