Unit 1 A New Start 单词学案-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 1 词汇学案 Understanding ideas部分 1. senior / junior 词块 senior / junior high school 2. curious 词块 be curious about; 派生词curiosity 3. impress im- (in 向内) + press (按压) → 向内压 词族 :impress — impressed — impression — impressionist — impressive; impression词块：leave / make a good / deep impression on sb; leave sb with a good / deep impression 4. tradition 派生词 traditional 5. facility 常用复数 6. moment 常用词块:from that moment on, the right moment, at the moment, for a moment, for the moment, in a moment, the moment (that) 7. author 同义词 writer 8. eagerness 构词法 eager + -ness 9. explore 词族 explore — explorer — exploration 10. engine 词块 a search engine, a fire engine；派生词engineer 11. collection 构词法 collect + -tion 词块 a collection of short stories, a stamp collection, a collection of 80 000 books; collect词族：collect — collection — collector 12. organize organ (器官、组织) + -ize (使……化)，使有组织化 词族 organ — organize — organized — organizer — organization 13. breathe 词块 breathe in / out breath：词族 breath — breathe — breathing 14. panic 词源：源自希腊神话中令人惊恐的牧羊神潘Pan的名字。传说中他长相奇特，上半身是人，下半身是羊。潘有一种奇 特的本领，就是吓唬人。他常常躲在隐蔽处，蓦地跳出，用丑陋的面目把旅行者吓得魂不附体。他还会发出怪异的叫声，令人感到毛骨悚然，胆战心惊。这种恐惧感就称为 “潘神之惧”（Panic fear）。英语单词 panic 就源自“潘神之惧”，原本是个形容词，后来逐渐变成名词和动词； 词块：in panic 15. challenge 词源义—贬义的挑刺到褒义的挑战； 词块 face / meet / rise to the challenge, take on / take up the challenge, solve / overcome the challenge 16. pressure 构词法 press + -ure 词块 blood pressure, under pressure, put pressure on sb 17. calm 词块 keep / stay calm; calm down 18. description 词块 give a description of = describe beyond description 19. confident 词源 con- (together 共同) + -fid- (trust 信任) + -ent 词族 confident — confidently — confidence; 词块 be confident about / of / that从句 20. badminton 词源：原本是个地名，是英国Duke of Beaufort Badminton庄园。当时的庄园主人改造了网球球拍，并在庄园中用其招待宾客。因此，羽毛球这种运动迅速在英国发展起来。由于它起源于 badminton 庄园，所以人们把它称作 badminton。 21. drama 戏 comedy 喜剧 opera 歌剧 tragedy 悲剧 theatre 戏剧 22. band 词源义是“用来捆扎的细带子”，但现在常用的是它在各领域的衍生含义，最常见的就是“乐队”（结合到一起的团队）。 band — bandage （绷带）；band-aid 邦迪 23. debate de- + bat, 词源同beat，用语言击打对方； 词块 a fierce / heated debate about / on / over 24. piano 词块 play the piano；派生词pianist 25. photography 构词法:photo 光 + -graph- 写 , 画 + -y 名词词尾; 同根词:autograph, biography, calligraphy, geography, paragraph 26. inner 反义词 outer 27. argue 词块: argue with sb about / over sth = have an argument with sb about / over sth; 熟词生义：论证 (argue for / against; argue that) 28. sharp — sharply — sharpen 一词多义，基本义“尖的” 29. intelligent 派生词intelligence 近义词 smart, clever, brilliant, bright 30. various various kinds of = different kinds of 31. volunteer 名词动词化，volunteer to do sth 32. gain 词块gain confidence / weight; no pain, no gain. 33. apply 词块 apply for a job, apply to university, apply to sb, apply sunscreen, apply oneself to; 词族：apply — applicant — application 34. schedule 在英式英语中，schedule指工作计划、日程安排，timetable指时间表、时刻表。在美式英语中，工作计划、 日程安排、时间表、时刻表都用schedule； 词块ahead of / on / behind schedule; 名词动词化：as scheduled, schedule sb / sth to do sth moment n. 根据腾讯官方的翻译，朋友圈的英文竟然不是Friends Circle。朋友圈竟然没有“朋友”，它是另外一个单词，就是moments。为什么朋友圈叫Moments呢？微信朋友圈的功能，不就是分享自己的和看看别人的“片刻”和“瞬间”，所以就是很多个moment，自然就是moments。 moment的词源义是“运动、移动”(to move)，词义引申为“片刻、瞬间”。事物的不断运动造成事物的不断变化，从而有了“瞬间、转瞬即逝”的说法。 ① 某一时刻 a particular point in time： at this / that moment from that moment on The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 2014 北京 ② 片刻；瞬间 a very short period of time： Could I use your computer for a few moments, please? ③ 时机 a particular time for doing sth： I’m waiting for the right moment to tell him the bad news. 词块搭配 (at) any moment (now) 马上；立刻： Hurry up! He’ll be back any moment now. (at) the last moment（在）最后一刻： They changed the plans at the last moment. at the moment 此刻；目前： I’m terribly busy at the moment. for a moment 片刻；一会儿： He was silent for a moment. for the moment 暂时；目前 (for the present)： I’m not very happy at work, but I’ll stay there for the moment. in a moment 马上；立即： I’ll be ready in a moment. one moment … the next 一会儿……过一会儿： One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. the moment (that)［引导时间状语从句，相当于连词as soon as］一……（就…… ）： Alisha fell asleep the moment she got into bed. organize / organise 来自organ，运行、器官、组织机构；-ize：使，即使有组织运行，引申词义“组织；安排”。 ① vt 组织；筹备 to plan an event, activity, etc.： I knew nothing about organizing any big event. ② vt 整理；分配 to put or arrange things into a system or logical order： When writing an article, we should read the topic carefully and organize our ideas. 【词汇拓展】 organized / organised ① [只用于名词前] 有组织的；有安排的： I want to work with a well organized team. ② 有序的；有条理的： a very organized person organizer / organiser n [C] 组织者 organisation / organization n ① [C] 组织；团体；机构 form / set up an international organization the World Health Organization (WHO) ② [U] 组织工作 (planning)： He is engaged in the organization of a new club. 【文化拓展】 希波克拉底（古希腊文：Ἱπποκράτης，前460年——前370年）为古希腊伯里克利时代的医师，被西方尊为“医学之父”，西方医学奠基人。 为了抵制“神赐疾病”的谬说，希波克拉底积极探索人的肌体特征和疾病的成因，提出了著名的“体液学说”。 那时，尸体解剖为宗教与习俗所禁止，希波克拉底勇敢地冲破禁令，秘密进行了人体解剖，获得了许多关于人体结构的知识。 《希波克拉底誓言》是希波克拉底警诫人类的古希腊职业道德的圣典，他向医学界发出的行业道德倡议书，是从医人员入学第一课要学的重要内容，也是全社会所有职业人员言行自律的要求。 challenge ■ vt ① 向……挑战；邀请……比赛： challenge sb (to sth): I challenged him to a game of chess. ② 对……质疑 to question whether sth is right, legal, etc.： challenge a view ③ 考验……的能力 to test sb’s ability and skills： The job doesn’t really challenge her. ■ n face / meet / rise to the challenge, take on / take up the challenge solve / overcome the challenge 词汇拓展 challenging adj 有挑战性的： Challenging as the activity was, everyone enjoyed it and all the participants benefited a lot from it. 写作方向： In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult. calm ■ adj. ① (天气、海洋等) 静的；平静的： The weather was fine and the lake was calm. ② (人) 镇静的；沉着的： If you are lost in the mountains, stay / keep calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. ■ vt & vi (使) 平静；平静下来： The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. calm down (使) 平静下来； (使) 镇静下来： I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. ■ n [C] & [U] 平静；镇静： After a storm comes a calm. （翻译） 辨析calm, quiet, still, silent · quite: Our school is situated in a quiet area. She was quiet and shy. · still: They told the injured driver to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived. · silent: keep / remain silent a silent, moonless night a silent film / movie confidence n. ① 信赖；信任 trust or strong belief in sb / sth else： have / lose confidence in sb (a) lack of confidence in sb / sth gain / win / earn sb’s confidence ② 自信；信心 the feeling that you’re sure about your own abilities, opinions, etc.： increase / build up one’s confidence I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as a new person. Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. ③ 确信；把握 the feeling that sth will happen or is true： We have full confidence that we shall succeed. confident adj ① 有信心的；自信的： a confident smile ② [不用于名词前] 确信的；有把握的 ： (be) confident about sth: I feel confident about the interview. (be) confident of (doing) sth: We are confident of our success. (be) confident + that 从句： We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts. 【拓展】 confidently adv 自信地；确信地 confidential adj 机密的；机要的 argue ① vi 争论；争辩；争吵： argue (with sb) (about / over sth) Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch? ② vi & vt 论证 to give reasons that support your opinion about sth： The author argued for / against free university education. It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. sharp adj. sharp的词源义及基本义是“尖的”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。 ① 锋利的；尖的： sharp teeth ② (感官) 敏锐的；(人) 机灵的 反 stupid / dull： She has sharp eyes. a sharp child ③ (言辞等) 尖刻的；严厉的 (of a person or what they say) critical or severe： be sharp with sb She has a sharp tongue. ④ (角度、变化等) 急剧的 sudden and rapid, especially of a change： a sharp bend a sharp drop / increase in prices ⑤ 剧烈的；猛烈的： I felt a sharp pain in my back. ⑥ 尖厉的；刺耳的： Through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. ■ adv (指时刻) 整： 2 o’clock sharp 词汇拓展 sharply adv 急剧地；严厉地： House prices have risen sharply over the last decade. speak sharply to sb sharpen vt ① 削尖；磨快： sharpen a pencil ② 使提高；使改进： Debates sharpen one’s wits. gain ■ v. ① vt （使）获得；赢得 to get or win sth, especially sth that is wanted or needed： gain a degree Her honesty gained her the trust of her teacher. ② vt 获（益）to get an advantage from (doing) sth： gain advantages from There’s nothing to be gained by losing your temper. We gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. ③ vt 增加 to gradually get more of sth 反 lose： I’ve gained a lot of weight recently. The young people gradually gain confidence in their abilities. ④ vt & vi（钟、表等走得）快 反 lose： My watch gains (by) several minutes a day. gain ground 变得更强大 / 更成功 / 更有效；逼近 ■ n. ① [C] 好处；利益；[U] 利润： The official’s illegal gains will be turned in to national treasury. He will do anything for gain. ② [C] & [U] 增加 反 loss ： a gain in earnings Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain. 写作高级用词，经常与抽象名词搭配使用： 1. We all gained a lot from the experience. 2. The plane rapidly gained height. 3. We managed to gain entry through a back window. 4. “Sense of gain”, which means the public share the fruits of reform with happiness, gain popularity rapidly . 5. No pain, no gain. apply vt. 词源义：bring things in contact with one another，使事物接触彼此，即“一物用在另一物上 (to use)”。 ① vt 涂；敷： Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck. ② vt 手压；脚踩： apply the brakes ③ vt 努力；使专注于： Recently, he has applied himself to his studies. ④ vi 申请：to make a formal request, usually in writing： apply for a job / passport / visa I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association. apply to a company / university ⑤ vt 运用；应用；使用： We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and to our lives. ⑥ vi & vt [不用于进行时] (对……) 适用；(对……) 有效： If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. 词汇拓展 applicant n [C] 申请人；应征者： successful applicants application n [C] & [U] ① 申请；申请书；申请表： a job application accept / reject sb’s application fill in / out an application (form) ② 应用；运用；[缩略为app] 应用程序： make practical application of new technology to teaching This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry. schedule n [C] & [U] 日程安排；时刻表 a plan of things that will happen or of work that must be done (timetable)： a class / train schedule The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule. Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. The tunnel project has already fallen behind schedule. vt［常用于被动语态］安排；将……列入进度表 to plan that sth will happen at a particular time： As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. ① schedule sth (for sth): The summer sale is scheduled for tomorrow. ② schedule sb / sth to do sth: The trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City. 随堂检测 moment 一、根据所给汉语，用moment的词块完成下列句子。 1. He was silent __________________________(片刻), then began his answer. 2. _____________________________(在那一刻), I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” (2019 全国) 二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。 1. 今天上午我一刻也没闲着。(spare) 2. 她收到大学录取通知书那一刻欣喜万分。(acceptance letter 录取通知书, joy 欣喜) organise 根据汉语补全下列句子。 1. 会议组织得很糟糕。 The meeting was ____________________. 2. 课后会组织小组活动帮助孩子们培养团队精神。 _______________________________ after class to help children develop team spirit. 3. 要写出好文章，必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。 To write a good essay you must first ___________________ logically. 4. 大家要我组织这次旅游，可是我把事情搞砸了。 I was asked to _______________, but I messed it up. challenge 一、根据句意选出challenge的最佳释义。 ① 对……质疑 ② 向……挑战；邀请……比赛 ③ 考验……的能力 ______ 1. The job is too easy to really challenge her. _____ 2. Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. ______ 3. No one has seriously challenged the champion. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 In the coming three years, our school life will be ___________ (challenge).   calm 1. 她在危难中总能保持冷静。 She always ___________________________ in time of danger. 2. 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。 ________________ gave no sign of the storm that was coming. 3. 大厅里一片安静，但这是暴风雨前的平静。 The hall was very quiet, but it was _______________________. 4. 由于被她那些话所感动，他很难平静下来。 Moved by what she said, he could hardly ______________. 5. 上台表演前，每个人都深吸一口气让自己平静下来。 Before the performance everybody held a deep breath to __________________. 二、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。 quiet calm still silent 1. Even when she faces disasters like earthquake, she still keeps ______. 2. The police tried to get some information from the man, but he remained ______. 3. Attention, please. Everybody! Please stay ______ while I take a photograph of you. 4. The waters of the lake are so ______ that it looks like glass. 5. He tried to be ______, but his trembling hands gave him away. 6. When you are in a library, you must be ______. confident & confidence 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Every day, you’ll learn some new English vocabulary, idioms and phrasal verbs. And you’ll feel more confident __________________ working and making friends in English. 2. It’s important that children learn to read _________ confidence. 3. Once you are confident _________ your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success. 4. The little girl walked ___________ (confident) onto the stage, ready for her first speech. 二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1.__________________________________________________________________________________________ (自信) will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 2. ___________________________________ (我们相信) the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution. argue 一、写出下列句子中argue的汉语释义。 1. It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. ______________ 2. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals. ______________ 二、用适当的介词填空。 1. They have argued __________ each other for years __________ the best way to grow potatoes. 2. When you present reasons why you believe in something, you argue ________ it. 3. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue __________ copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different. sharp 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Dogs have a very sharp sense of smell. _______________ 2. The boss can be very sharp with people when she’s busy. _______________ 3. Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of wild animals in the area. _______________ 4. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass._______________ 5. We’re meeting at ten-thirty sharp. _______________ gain 一、汉译英。 1. 获得信心 ______________ 2. 获得广泛的支持 _________________ 3. 我的表快两分钟。__________________________ 4. 最近我胖了。_______________________ 二、将下列各句中的画线部分译成汉语。 1. As American fast food gains acceptance in France, more and more French children are overweight._______________ 2. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that.” _______________ 3. We all gained a lot from the experience. ________________________________ apply 汉译英。 1. 申请图书管理员的工作 ________________________________ 2. 将所学用于实践 ________________________________ 3. 涂抹化妆品 _______________ 4. 施压 / 用力 ____________________ 5. Ben would do well if only he _________________ (努力). (apply) 6. 我的申请若能得到您的批准，我将感激不尽。 _______________________________________________________ 7. 这些规定对所有人都适用，包括你。 ________________________________________________________ 8. 我正在申请一家外企的暑期兼职工作，刚刚写完了求职信和简历。 _________________________________________________________ schedule 一、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. I know, we’re a week _________________ (落后时间表) already. 2. I went back to the UK ___________________ (提前). 3. We make every effort to ensure trains run ___________________ (按时). 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report _______________ schedule. 2. The trip _______________ (schedule) to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Paris and Bangkok. Developing ideas部分 1. award 词块: win / get / gain /receive an award award sb sth / award sth to sb 2. opportunity 词块take / seize / miss an opportunity, an opportunity to do sth / for (doing) sth 3. subscribe 词块subscribe to a magazine, subscribe to the view 4. view词源： - vid- 看见 → view 被看见的 同根词：visit, vision, television 同族词：view — viewer — review — preview — interview 词块：come into view, a sea view, in one’s view, from one’s point of view 5. former 词块 the former … the latter 6. graduate 构词 grad-(grade, 步、级) + -u- + -ate 名词词尾 → 在学业上完成某一步 / 某一级 → 毕业； 同根词 grade, gradual 词块：graduate from senior high school / university 熟词生义：逐渐发展 / 升级为 (I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. graduate v和n发音不同；派生词graduation 7. fright fright + -en（使） 词族 fright — frighten — frightened — frightening frightened词块：be frightened of; be frightened to death frightened同义词：scared, afraid 8. sight 意为“景点” 时常用复数； sightseeing 词块 in / out of (one’s) sight, lose one’s sight, at first sight, at the sight of, catch sight of, come into sight, lose sight of, set one’s sights on 9. figure 一词多义，基本义“形状” 词块 figure out; trade figures, a leading figure 10. select 精准的汉语释义“精选”, carefully choose 词块 select sb / sth for sth, select sb / sth as sth, select sb / sth to do sth 11. particular 词块 in particular; be particular about / over 派生词 particularly 12. specific 词块 a specific goal, be specific to 13. refer to 一词多义：谈到，提到；查阅，参考；指的是 14. keep a journal / diary 15. struggle 词块 struggle with / against, struggle for / to do sth; it’s a struggle for sb to do sth 16. memorise memory + -ise （使） 17. forward 词块 look forward to (doing) sth n 前锋 v 转发，转寄 18. improve 词源 em- (进入，使) + prou (利润，收益) → 使变成利润、增加收入，原义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受 prove 影响俗化。引申词义为“改进；改善”。 派生词 improvement 词块：improve on / upon 19. rate 词块 rate ... as; birth / heart rate; at a … rate / speed of, at any rate, first-rate / second-rate / third-rate 20. perform 词族 perform — performance — performer; performance词块：give / put on a performance; good / poor / bad performance 21. exchange ex- (out) + change 词块：exchange views / ideas, exchange sth with sb, exchange sth for sth; an exchange student, in exchange for, an exchange rate, foreign exchange opportunity n [C] & [U] 机会；时机 (chance)： (a) rare / golden / perfect opportunity take / seize / use / provide / miss an opportunity (to do sth) Orientation Day is a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students. May I take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can. Mealtimes are an excellent opportunity for conversation. There’ll be plenty of opportunity for relaxing / to relax once the work is done. view ■ n. 词源： 来自拉丁语videre,看，词源同visit, evident。 同根词还有：visible, vision, video。 ① [U] 视野；视线 the ability to see sth or to be seen from a particular place： There was usually nobody in view except some sheep in the grassland. The lake came into view as we turned the corner. Sit down — you’re blocking my view. ② [C] 风景；景色 what you can see from a particular place： While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. I’d like a room with a sea view / a commanding view. ③ [C] 观点；看法 an opinion or idea about sth (opinion)： Jill and I have different views on / about the subject. In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time. Can’t you see things from my point of view? Your view of life is different from mine. in view of 鉴于；考虑到： In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors. on view 在展出；展览着： The painting is currently on view at the gallery. ■ v. ① [正式用语] 看；观看；观赏： These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor. ② 看待 (see)： We view film as a type of contemporary art. graduate 词源： grad- (grade, 步、级) + -u- + -ate 名词词尾 → 在学业上完成某一步 / 某一级 → 毕业 ■ v ① vi 获得学位；毕业： He graduated in physics from Cambridge University. He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University. ② vt 使……毕业；授予……学位： The college graduated 500 students last year. ③ vi 逐渐升级为： I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. ■ n [C] 学位获得者；毕业生： a graduate school a graduate in medicine / a medicine graduate He’s a graduate of Harvard. 词汇拓展 graduation n ① [U] 毕业： a graduation certificate A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. ② [U] & [C] 毕业典礼： attend the graduation sight sight 来源于古英语动词see， sight 是其名词形式，最初加名词前缀th，后变成t→sight ，即the act of see。 ① [U] 视力；视觉： have good / poor sight When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. ② [U] 看见；瞥见： Just the sight of the monster made her go all weak. ③ [U] 视域；眼界；视线： I glanced around me quickly. There was no one in sight. She never lets her daughter out of her sight. ④[C] 看见的事物；景象；情景： The practice of hanging flags is a common sight in many parts of the country on National day. These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor. ⑤ [复数] 名胜；景点 = places of interests Overseas visitors are impressed by the beautiful sights of Beijing. at first sight 一见(就)；乍一看： At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone. at the sight of 一看见： Some people will faint at the sight of blood. ‘ catch sight of 看见；发现： Suddenly, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. come into sight 进入视线；映入眼帘： As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into sight. lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记： I lost sight of him in the crowd. set one’s sights on 以…为奋斗目标： The player said that he had set his sights on winning the championship in the coming Olympics. figure n ① [常用复数]数字；位数；算术： the latest trade figures have a head for figures He got a job, earning close to six figures. ② (尤指女性的) 体形 / 身材 / 身影： a tall figure in black Every woman wants a slim figure these days. ③ 人物；人士 a person who is important or famous： a public / a leading / an authority figure ④ 画像；塑像： a bronze figure of a horse ⑤ 图表；图形： See Figure 1. A triangle is a three-sided figure. figure v ① vi 是重要部分；是……的部分 to be an important part of sth ： My feeling about the matter didn’t seem to figure at all. ② vt [非正式用语] 认为；估计 to think or guess sth ： From the way he behaved, I figured (that) he was drunk. ③ vt (AmE) 计算： I’m just figuring my expenses. figure out 弄清楚；弄明白；计算出： I couldn’t figure out what I had done to annoy my boss. Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? select vt (经过认真思考而) 挑选；精选 to choose sb / sth, usually carefully, from a number of similar things： He selected a mobile phone for personal use. ① select sb / sth for sth: He had hopes of being selected for the national team. ② select sb / sth as sth: Mr Clark was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year. ③ select sb / sth to do sth: He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference. 词汇拓展 selective adj 慎重选择的；精挑细选的 selection n [U] & [C] 可选之人或物；选集： make a selection Selections From Charles Dickens《狄更斯选集》 refer v refer (...) to ① 谈到；提到 (mention): The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. ② 查阅；参考： While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes. ③ 指的是 to describe or be connected to sb / sth： The word business also refers to an organization that provides goods and services. ④ 把……提交给；把……委托给： My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his editor. struggle ■ n [C] 斗争；奋斗；难事： The struggle for freedom was long and hard. It was a struggle for her to make him understand. ■ vi (与某人) 搏斗；斗争；挣扎： a struggling artist struggle to one’s feet / struggle one’s way to ① struggle with / against: He has been struggling with illness for years. ② struggle for / to do sth: struggle for freedom / independence / human rights Many of the families were struggling to make ends meet. improve 词源：em- (进入、使) + prou (利润、收益) → 使变成利润、增加收入，词源义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受 prove 影响俗化。引申词义“改进；改善”。 vt & vi 改善；提高： improve the environment His health is improving. We had better ask our teachers or classmates for advice on how to improve our writing. improve on / upon 对……做出改进；做得比……更好： Lily has scored 98 in the maths test, and I don’t think anyone will improve on that. 词汇拓展 improvement n [U] & [C] 改良；改善；改进处 perform v 学术词汇 ① vt 做；履行；执行 to do sth, especially sth difficult or useful (carry out)： perform an experiment / an operation / a miracle You should perform your duties / promise. ② vt & vi 表演；演出： I’ve never seen a Shakespeare’s play performed so wonderfully. ③ vi 表现；运转： He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. The machine is performing very poorly. performance n ① [C] 表演；演出： give a live performance put on a performance of Hamlet ② [C] & [U] 表现；业绩： academic performance My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future. He criticized the recent poor performance of the company. performer n [C] 表演者；执行者 exchange ■ n ① [C] & [U] 交换；交流： an exchange student Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? ② [C] (商品的) 调换： The store’s policy is not to allow returns or exchanges. ③ [U] (货币的) 兑换： foreign exchange ④ [C] 交易所： New York Stock Exchange ■ vt ① 交换；交流： exchange views / ideas ② 更换；兑换 (change)： I’d like to exchange this dress for one in a larger size. You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel. Before graduation, students exchange presents with each other. 【分词形容词】 frightened adj 受惊的；害怕的 afraid; feeling fear： Frightened children were calling for their mothers. be frightened of (doing) sth: Are you frightened of thunder? I’m frightened of walking home alone at midnight. frightening adj 令人害怕的；吓人的 making you feel afraid ： a frightening experience / thought 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，体会分词形容词。 1. This story is _________ (interest) and fun for the whole family to enjoy. 2. I’m really ________ (interest) in this position and hope I can work for you. 3. They say it’s _______ (bore) to hear the same songs all the time. 4. _______ (bore) with life in the city, he moved to a village. 5. Starting university can be exciting, and can also be _______ (worry). 5. She was very _______ (worry) about her sick mother. 分词形容词：很多动词的-ing分词和-ed分词已经成为独立词条的形容词，甚至有些分词形容词比其动词形式更为常用。例如：interested / interesting, excited / exciting, bored / boring, surprised / surprising, worried / worrying, tired / tiring, frightened / freighting 随堂检测 opportunity 一、根据所给汉语及提示，用opportunity的词块完成下列句子。 1. Games and songs provide the _________________ (理想的机会) for classroom interaction and language development. 2. There’ll be plenty of ___________________________________________ (放松的机会) once the work is done. 3. We should _____________________ (抓住每次机会) to widen our experience. 二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。 1. 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽量多听英语。(opportunity) ______________________________________________________________ 2. 我要借此机会对你们的辛勤工作表示感谢。(take the opportunity to do sth) ______________________________________________________________ view 一、写出下列句子中view的汉语释义。 1. I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. __________ 2. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? __________ 3. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable. __________ 4. On these sites, a student can view numerous photos and art pieces from different mediums. __________ 5. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.__________ 二、写出下列短语的英语形式。 1. 挡住某人的视线 ___________________ 2. 映入眼帘 __________________ 3. 人生观 ___________________ 4. 鉴于；考虑到 ___________________ 三、将下列句子译成英语。 1. 关于这个话题，我们有不同的观点。 We have ______________________ the subject. 2. 在我看来，人和人之间没有什么差别。 _____________________________, there is no difference between one person and another. graduate 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated _________ medical school. 2. After _________ (graduate), she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. 3. Like many new _________ (graduate), I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. sight 1. 丧失视力 ________________________ 2. 一见钟情 / 一见倾心 ________________________ 3. 相看两生厌 ________________________ 4. 出现在视线中 ________________________ 5. 一副惨兮兮的样子 ________________________ 6. 壮观的景象 ________________________ figure 一、根据句意写出figure的汉语释义。 __________ 1. As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. __________ 2. The way you design your home may have an effect on your figure. __________ 3. It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. 二、完成句子。 1. ___________________________ (当一名公众人物) today is a lot more difficult than it used to be. 2. In order to ___________________________ (有一个好身材), most women try everything to lose weight. refer to 用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换画线部分，使句意保持不变。 mean, look it up in, mention 1. In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.__________ 2. When you meet with a new word, you can refer to a dictionary. __________ 3. The term “multitasking” referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. __________ struggle 一、在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It was a real struggle ___________ (be) ready on time. 2. India attained independence in 1947, after _________ long struggle. 3. Many students will struggle _________ (find) a sense of belonging after entering college. 4. Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle _________ money. 5. His hands tell the story of his life as a farmer, including all his _________ (struggle). 二、翻译下列句子。 1. In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom. ________________________________________________ 2. It was a hard struggle to get my work done in time. ________________________________________________ 3. 千千万万的人在挣扎求存。 ________________________________________________ improve 翻译下列句子。 1. 他在学校的表现进步很大。 __________________________________ 2. 我们相信，通过我们进一步的努力环境将会得到改善。 _______________________________________________ 3.我已经很努力来提高英语水平。 __________________________________ perform & performance 一、用perform的正确形式完成下列句子。 1. The star ____________ of the match was Bill Holland who scored 26 points. 2. The orchestra that gave an impressive ____________ tonight will be _____________ at the Silver Palace next week. 3. No matter how frequently _____________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 二、根据所给汉语提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. My _____________________ (良好表现) in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here. 2. The musician has _____________________ (举办了十场演出) in the last three months. exchange 一、在括号内填入适当的介词。 1. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _______ other food. 2. I’ll type your report if you look after my baby ______ exchange. 3. If you have a book and don’t want to keep it, you can exchange it ______ me. 4. This exchange ________ greetings raised the kids’ productivity. 二、将下列短语译成英语。 1. 交换生 _______________________________________ 2. 互换电话号码 __________________________________ 3. 将美元换成英镑 __________________________________ 三、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Mike Perry and Max Griffin have a heated exchange on social media. __________ 2. I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. __________ 3. Several people were killed during the exchange of fire. __________ 4. There was a brief exchange between the two leaders. __________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $