Unit 1 知识清单 2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了16个核心知识点，涵盖词汇、语法、句型及文化理解等多个维度，构建了从“语言结构掌握”到“语境应用表达”的阶梯式学习支架，帮助学生在真实情境中提升语言能力。 清单通过分类归纳、分级标注和关联整合的方式呈现知识体系，如将“turn短语”“therefore与so辨析”等重难点单独设为星级提示，并配以对比表格和记忆口诀，强化思维品质培养。特别设计“易错点提醒卡”和“情景填空练习”，如第10题“instead of”后接动名词的规则，以及第25题“good books are valuable to students”句型迁移训练，既助力学生自主查漏补缺，又为教师提供精准教学依据，实现高效复习与个性化指导的统一。

语言知识单 知识点1 But when I turned my head, they looked away.但当我扭过头时,他们把目光移开了。 Although I only replied“thank you”, it turned sunny in my heart.虽然我只回复了一句“谢谢”，但我的内心又变得阳光明媚起来。 For the first time, I could look at my birthmark without quickly turning away.这是我第一次可以看着我的胎记而不迅速转身离开。 【拓展】turn构成的短语 turn around 翻身;转身 turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 turn off 关上 turn up开大;调高 turn down 关小;拒绝 turn to sb./ sth. 向某人/某物求助(或寻求指教等) turn(…) into…(把……)变成…… 1.在红绿灯处左转。 at the traffic light. 根据以上所学填入合适的介词/副词完成短文。 I walked into the dark room and turned 2. the light. The music was too loud, so I turned it 3._______ a little. When I heard a strange noise behind me, I quickly turned4. to have a look, but I saw nothing. Then I decided to turn 5. my friend for help. 知识点2 Therefore, I always kept my hair long to cover it until that day.因此,我一直留着长发遮盖它，直到那一天。 (1) 【拓展】辨析 therefore 和 so therefore 作副词，不能连接分句，需用句号或分号与上个句子隔开 He was ill; therefore, he couldn't come. so 作连词，直接连接原因和结果分句，用逗号连接分句，或不用标点 He was ill, so he couldn't come. (2) 选词填空: therefore, so 6. I didn't have enough money, I couldn't buy the toy. 7. It was raining heavily. , we decided to stay at home. 8.丹用双手捂住脸。 Dan his hands. 知识点 3 Instead of looking away, Maddie studied my face. Maddie 没有挪开视线,反而仔细地看着我的脸。 辨析 instead 和 instead of instead adv.代替；而不是 修饰整个句子，常单独位于句尾或句首，位于句首时常用逗号与句子隔开 instead of 代替；反而 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 选词填空: instead, instead of 9. Courage means facing fear running away. 10. Lee was ill, so I went . 知识点4 Although I only replied“thank you”, it turned sunny in my heart.虽然我只回复了一句“谢谢”，但我的内心又变得阳光明媚起来。 ( )11.—— How do you like the park, Jenny? —— It's very beautiful and clean it's a bit small. A. because B. although C. so D. if 知识点 5 How beautiful! 真美丽啊! 本句是感叹句句型：How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)！ 12.他跳得真高! he jumps! 知识点 6 Accept your differences.接受你的不同。 ( )13. There’ s little between the two houses. They look almost the same. A. differ B. different C. differently D. difference ( )14. Our difference hobbies makes our talks interesting. A. in B. on C. for D. with 15.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。 The rain didn’ t the game. 知识点 7 She hated the birthmark on her face.她讨厌她脸上的胎记。 16.珍妮的母亲不喜欢她晚上在外面待到太晚。 Jenny’ s mother out late at night. 知识点8 You can use examples of successful people and their sayings to support your idea. 你可以使用成功人士的例子和他们的名言来支持你的想法。 How can we face them and succeed? 我们该如何面对它们并取得成功? (P12) successful adj. 有成就的,出人头地的；成功的 be successful in (doing) sth 成功做某事; be successful in sth 在某方面有成就 【拓展】 success n. 成功 successfully adv.成功地 succeed v. 成功,达成 succeed in (doing) sth成功做某事 ( )17.—— The man is a actor. His new movie is a big . —— How lucky he is! A. success; succeed B. successful; success C. successfully; success D. successful; successfully 18.她努力工作，最终成功获得了这份工作。 She worked hard and finally the job. 知识点 9 And I have always sat in the last row at school.我上学时一直坐在最后一排。 写出下列句子中画线短语的含义。 19. This is her third win in a row. 20. We sat in a row at the back of the room. 21.房子前面有一排树。 There is in front of the house. 知识点 10 I couldn't accept my height, but I learn to do it now.我无法接受自己的身高,但现在我学着接受了。 ( )22.—— How is the mountain? —— It's about 2,000 metres in . A. high; height B. high; high C. height; height D. height; high 23.飞机在一万米高空飞行。 The plane was flying 10,000 metres. 知识点11 Anyway, it's a great book about finding our own values.总之,它是一本关于找到我们自己的价值观的好书。 ( )24. We think being thankful is important. It's our family . A. disasters B. literature C. brain D. values 25.好书对学生非常有价值。(完成句子，词数不限) Good books are students. 知识点12 quality 品性 26.因为他的好品性，他有很多朋友。 He has many friends . 27.这个学校有很多优秀的老师。 There are many in this school. 知识点13“Nothing is impossible, the word itself says‘I’ m possible’.”…“没有什么事情是不可能的，即使‘不可能’这个词本身，也在说‘不，可能’。”…… 28. There (be) nothing interesting in today's newspaper. 29. I have nothing (do) today. 30.房间里只有一张床。 There is a bed in the room. 知识点14 However, doubts and fears often hold us back.然而,疑虑和恐惧常常会阻止我们前进。 People doubted his decision.人们怀疑他的决定。 (1) (2) ( )31. There is some doubt the best way to do it. A. for B. about C. at D. with ( )32.— Do you think you can come this evening? ——I it. A. realise B. fear C. value D. doubt 33.毫无疑问，他们是我见过的最和蔼的人。 They are, , the nicest people I' ve ever met. ( )34. We spoke in a low voice for fear waking the baby up. A. of B. in C. about D. with 35.她对狗的恐惧让她快步穿过马路。 Her makes her cross the street quickly. 知识点15 The runner Su Bingtian gives an excellent answer to this question.短跑运动员苏炳添对这个问题给出了精彩的回答。 ( )36. He was great at sport and excellent art. A. at B. in C. about D. for ( )37.——I' ll bring you the books tomorrow. —— A. You' re welcome. B. Not at all. C. Sorry. D. Excellent! 知识点16 However, Su wasn't satisfied.然而,苏并不满足。 ( )38. If you' re not completely , you can get your money back. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. satisfaction 39.我对自己的新工作很满意。 I felt very my new job. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 知识点17 Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.只要你尝试并坚持下去,没有什么是不可能的。 (1) (2) 40.只要我们一直打得好，我们就会一直赢下去。 we keep playing well, we’ ll keep winning games. 41. She sticks to (jog) every morning, even on rainy days. 课堂反馈单 1、 根据句意及提示用单词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 1. Lily picked fresh (草莓) from the garden and made a cake. 2. The bus was so c_________ that I had to stand all the way. 3. Forgetting my notes was a _______（灾难）, but I still tried to speak calmly. 4. There wasn't any milk in the shop. T_________, I had to buy juice instead. 5. Go and wash your hands in the b__________. 6. The Olympics bring a from all over the world together. 7. This is an /'eksələnt/ book for learning English. 8. /'nʌθIŋ/ can stop us from achieving our dreams. 9. She won a /'sIlvə/ medal in the high jump. 10. Tony likes watching movies with his favourite stars of the (电影业). 语法精讲 现在完成时(1) 一、基本用法 观察 探究 ①I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。(已经看过了，现在不想再看了) ②My aunt has travelled all over the world.我姑姑已经周游了世界。(到目前已经完成) ③I have learnt 20 English songs.我已经学会了20首英文歌曲。(到目前为止已经学了20首) a.表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响(如①) b.表示到目前为止已经完成的事情 (如②) c.表示到目前为止量的积累(如③) 二、句型结构 观察 探究 ①I have finished my homework.我已经完成了我的作业。 ②I have not finished my homework.我还没有完成我的作业。 ③—— Have you finished your homework? 你完成你的作业了吗? —— Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.是的,完成了。/不,还没完成。 a.肯定句:主语+ have/ has+过去分词(+其他)(如①) b.否定句:主语 + have/ has+ not+过去分词 ( +其他)(如②) c.一般疑问句： 问: Have/ Has+主语+过去分词(+其他)? 答: Yes,主语+ have/ has.(肯定) No, 主语 + have/ has not(haven't/ hasn't). (否定)(如③) 三、动词过去分词的变化 1.规则变化 一般在动词词尾直接加-ed pick→picked; wish→wished; stay→stayed 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加-d like→liked;hope→(1) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study→studied; hurry→(2) 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop→(3) ; nod→nodded 2.不规则变化 与原形相同 let→let;put→put;read→read 若中间有两个e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加-t feel→felt; keep→(4) ; sleep→slept 结尾的字母d变t lend→lent; build→built; send→(5) 变为以-ought 或-aught结尾 buy→bought; bring→brought; teach→(6)_______ 四、常与现在完成时连用的副词 观察 探究 ①Have you ever swum in a river? 你在河里游过泳吗? ②I have just come back from the countryside.我刚从乡下回来。 ③I haven't told him the good newsyet.我还没有把那个好消息告诉他。 ④I have already given up thischance.我已经放弃这次机会了。 ⑤Have you visited the Great Wallbefore?你以前参观过长城吗? ⑥I have never tried Chinese dishes.我从来没有吃过中餐。 a. ever意为“在任何时候，从来”，用于谈论过去的经历，常用于一般疑问句中，放在主语与谓语动词之间 b. just意为“刚才；刚刚”，用于强调动作刚刚结束/开始，常用于肯定的陈述句中，位于助动词 have/has与过去分词之间 c. yet意为“尚；还(含“以后可能会”之意)；已经”，用于谈论动作是否发生，用在(7) (肯定/否定)的陈述句或一般疑问句中，多置于句尾 d. already 意为“已经”，用于谈论动作是否已经发生，用在(8) (肯定/否定)的陈述句中或一般疑问句中，置于句尾或者紧跟助动词 have/has e. before意为“以前”，用于谈论过去的经历，多置于句尾 f. never意为“从未；从来没有”，用于谈论过去的经历，用于陈述句中，置于助动词 have/has与过去分词之间 五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 观察 探究 ①I have already seen this film.Let's watch another one. 我已经看过这部电影了。我们看一部别的吧。 ②I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。 a.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，强调的是现在的情况。常见标志词: ever, never, already, yet, in thepast/ last few years等(如①) b.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。常见标志词: yesterday, last year, … ago, in 2023, just now 等(如②) 语法精练 ( )1.—— Have you finished your project? —— Yes, I_____it last night. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish ( )2. They yet. Let's wait a little longer. A. won't come B. have come C. haven't come D. came ( )3.—— Has your brother cleaned his room? —— No, he . He needs to do it now. A. hasn't B. have not C. didn't D. doesn't ( )4.— Do you want to watch the movie? — No,I it just now. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see ( )5. He hasn't solved the maths problem . It's a little difficult for him. A. already B. just C. never D. yet 二、根据括号内的要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. My son has finished reading the book Harry Potter.(改为否定句) My son ____________ _________reading the book Harry Potter. 2. They have built a new library for the students.(改为一般疑问句) they a new library for the students? 3. Has Jane gone to the library? (作肯定回答) , she . 4. Have you watched the TV play? (作否定回答) , I . 5. Have you ever been to the Yu Garden? (根据句意回答) No, I have __________ ___________to the Yu Garden. 三、根据括号内的提示完成短文，每空词数不限。 I was always a little heavy. Last month,I1. (join) a sports club because I wanted to be healthier. At first, I 2. (not enjoy) running, but now I love it. These days, I have3. (already/ yet) learnt to play basketball with my friends. However, I 4. (not try) swimming yet, so I plan to take lessons next week. These changes 5. (make) me feel stronger and happier already. I like who I am quite a lot. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 时文拓展阅读 主题：蒋裕燕在巴黎残奥会上创造历史 难度：★★★ 建议用时：12分 短文填空row satisfy courage again nothing although water sing get fear than everything Jiang Yuyan, a 19-year-old swimmer from Shaoxing, China, made history at the 2024 Paris Paralympics（残奥会）.1.____ she lost her right arm and leg in a childhood accident, she won seven gold medals in just 10 days, breaking two world records and three Paralympic records. Jiang started swimming to help her body 2._____ better after the accident. At first, balancing in 3.____ was quite hard, but she never gave up.“I drank a lot of water when swimming,” she joked. She learned much faster 4._____ other kids and later joined the national team. She practised six hours a day, swimming nearly 10,000 metres. In the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, Jiang won two golds but was not 5._____. To improve, she practised short races and trained harder. At the 2023 Hangzhou Asian Para Games, she finally won seven golds, and this brave girl surprised the world 6.____ in Paris. Jiang's journey wasn't easy. She once cut leg bones（骨头）five years in a 7.______ and that caused great pain. Now, she proudly 8._____ our national song to people around the world. For the future, Jiang now trains hard for the 2028 Los Angeles Paralympics.“9.______ starts again,” she says. Her story teaches us: With 10.______ and hard work, no dream is too big— even with“one wing（翅膀）”, you can still fly high! 拓展设问 11. How many gold medals did Jiang Yuyan win in ten days? ______________________________________________________________ 12. What does Jiang Yuyan prepare for now? ______________________________________________________________ 词句积累 childhood n.童年 accident n.事故 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $