2026年中考英语一轮语法复习学案 被动语态

Chapter 2. 被动语态 Passive Voice I 本章要点 1. 需要使用被动语态的情况。 2. 各时态的被动语态结构。 3. 主动语态和被动语态的转换。 4. 双宾语结构的被动转换。 5. 不能使用被动语态的词和词组。 6. 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组。 7. have sth. done的双重含义。 II 被动语态语法点分述 1、 需要使用被动语态的情况 1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者 This bridge was built in 1700. 这座桥建于1700年。 2. 强调动作的承受者 Frank was hit by a car. 弗兰克被车撞了。 3. 说话者希望所说的内容更加客观,避免就自己不太肯定的事表态 It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable. 据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。 2、 各时态的被动语态结构 被动语态的基本结构为:be done 请完成表格:(以do为例) 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 will be done am/is/are going to be done will have been done 过去将来 would be done was/were going to be done would have been done Attention 含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done 芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。 Cheese cake must be served cold. 小试身手 请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空: 1) A speech will be given/was given (give) this afternoon. 2) The classroom is cleaned (clean) every day. 3) Some effective measures have been taken (take) since last year. 4) My mother’s favorite vase was broken (break) yesterday. 5) The book had been read (read) four times by the end of last semester. 6) An amusement park is being built (build) in our city now. 7) The technician told me that my watch would be repaired (repair) in 1 hour. 8) The problem was being discussed (discuss) this time yesterday. 9) He said that he had been invited/would be invited (invite) to the party. 10) Thousands of trees will have been planted (plant) in this area by the end of this year. 11) The clothes may be delivered (deliver) to the poor area next month. 3、 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1. 陈述句改为被动句 Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step2:动词结构作相应变化(be+过去分词) Step3:by+主动语态的主语(可省略) Step4:其他照抄 He was making a model plane. A model plane was being made (by him). 2. 一般疑问句改为被动句 Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首 Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step3:被动结构的其他成分 Step4:by+主动语态的主语(可省略) Step5:其他照抄 Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday? Was much homework given by Mike’s teacher yesterday? 3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句 Step1:特殊疑问词不变 Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前 Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语(主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略) Step4:被动结构的其他成分 Step5:by+主动语态的主语(可省略) Step6:其他照抄 When will Jack finish his homework? When will Jack’s homework be finished by him? What did Linda’s father mend last night? What was mended by Linda’s father last night? 小试身手 请把下列句子变为被动句: 1) I was sure people would punish him. I was sure he would be punished by me. 2) They may open a new school next year. A new school may be opened next year by them. 3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights? Can heavy weights be picked up by the boy? 4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week? Will you be kissed by your mother on your wedding day next week? 4、 双宾语结构的被动转换 双宾语结构的转换原则 He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her. A rose was given to her. (物做主语有介词) She was given a rose. (人做主语无介词) 小试身手 请改写下列句子,保持句意不变: 1) My father bought me a Mini Cooper. 物做主语:A Mini Cooper was bought for me by my mother. 人做主语:I was bought a Mini Cooper by my mother. 2) The waiter has not brought us the coffee. 物做主语:The coffee hasn't been brought to us by the waiter. 人做主语:We haven't been brought the coffee by the waiter. Attention 以下动词与介词to搭配 award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend(推荐), sell, send, serve(招待), show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write 以下动词与介词for搭配 boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather, get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve(预留), sing, save 小试身手 请用括号里的词翻译句子: 1) 这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve) This room is reserved for the Smiths. 2) 你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change) No one is expected to change for you. 5、 不能使用被动语态的词和词组 1. 不及物动词及短语 出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 2. 静态动词 变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 适合 suit fit 真题试炼 1) An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened 1. was happened 1. is happened 1. happened 2) Great changes _ in China since the People’s Republic of China _ in 1949. A. have taken place; was founded 1. has taken place; was founded 1. have been taken place; founded 1. took place; founded 3) The pen _ me. It is hers. A. isn’t belong to 1. wasn’t belong to 1. doesn’t belong to 1. didn’t belong to 6、 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组 1. 常见系动词: smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear, prove 井水尝起来好甜。 The well water tastes sweet. 这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。 This silk feels very smooth. 2. 一些动词在主动表示被动时,通常和well等副词连用,这些动词有: clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride +well 这支笔很好写。 This pen writes well. 这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。 This pair of glasses wears comfortably. 3. 用动名词的主动形式来代替被动,这类动词主要有: want/need/require/deserve +doing =want/need/require to be done 孩子们需要照看。 The children need looking after. 你值得拥有这些奖励。 You deserve owning these prizes. 4. be worth doing sth. 某事值得做 Anything worth doing is worth doing well. 值得做的事就值得做好。 5. be + adj. + to do 当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,我们一般用主动表被动。 English is hard to learn.(English是to learn的逻辑宾语,所以不用被动。) 这本书很难跟上。(follow) The book is hard to follow. 他说的话很容易理解。(What he said) What he said is easy to understand. 7、 have sth. done的双重含义 1. 某事被别人完成 你多久剪一次头发? How often do you have your hair cut? 1. 某人的一种经历 我昨晚把手臂摔断了。 I had my arm broken yesterday. III Review 1、 选择题 1. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided 3. It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed B. were designed C. have been designed D. have designed 4. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 5. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 6. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered. A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 7. —Why did you leave that position? —I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B.offered C. am offered D. was offered 8. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? —No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite 9. The hero’s story _ differently in the news-papers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 10. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country. A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught 2、 请把下列句子变为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. The boy was seen to run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. I was told that he would come back soon. 3. You could find a lot of differences between the two languages. A lot of differences could be found between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? Are your flowers watered every day? 5. How did he cut the loaf into thick slices? How was the loaf cut into thick slices by him? 6. Who did Mr. Li visit? Who was visited by Mr. Li? 7. I saw that he broke the vase. I saw that the vase was broken by him. 8. My mother makes me recite 20 words every day. I am made to recite 20 words every day by my mother. 9. Tom was throwing the ball to Jerry at that moment. The ball was being thrown by Tom to Jerry at that moment./Jerry was being thrown the ball by Tom at that moment. 10. The secretary has ordered a ticket for the boss. A ticket has been ordered by the secretary for the boss./The boss has been ordered a ticket by the secretary. Test 2 被动语态练习 1. 选择(20*3’) 请把答案写入下表 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. This shop _ not only VCD players but also DVD players. 1. sell 1. sold 1. is sold 1. was sold 1. Tell me what time he _ off tomorrow? 1. sets 1. is set 1. will set 1. will be set 1. Mr. Green’s old house _. Now he is living in the country. 1. is sold 1. was sold 1. has sold 1. has been sold 1. A traffic accident _ this morning. 1. happened 1. was happened 1. has happened 1. has been happened 1. By last year their lost dog _. 1. didn’t find 1. wasn’t found 1. hadn’t found 1. hadn’t been found 1. The garden _ after quite well during my absence. 1. Looks 1. is looked 1. looked 1. was looked 1. Letters _ from this post box twice a day. 1. are collected 1. are collecting 1. collect 1. collected 1. Lost time _ again. 1. never finds 1. never found 1. will never find 1. will never be found 1. How many dishes and plates _ by Cinderella? 1. must wash 1. must be washed 1. must washed 1. must have washed 1. The dishes _ delicious. 1. smell 1. smells 1. are smelling 1. are smelled 1. Black tea_ in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way to keep tea fresh. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. is inventing 1. This car is environment-friendly because its engine _ by electricity. A. is driven B. are driven C. drive D. drives 1. Half of the Beijing’s private cars _ off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday. A. are ordered B. order C. ordered D. were ordered 1. Many houses _ during the earthquake happened in Yunnan, China this May. A. were destroyed B. are destroyed C. has destroyed D. had destroyed 1. Here is the package you ordered. It _ this morning. A. deliver B. is delivered C. delivered D. was delivered 1. Great changes _ place in China since 1978. A. took B. have been taken C. have taken D. was taken 1. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed 1. I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given 1. These walls _stones. A. are made of B. made of C. are made from D. made from 1. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 1. 把下列句子改为被动语态 (10*4’) 1. Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab. We _ _ not to touch the chemicals in the lab. 2. You must not waste water. Water must not _ _. 3. Our government will send some volunteers to Africa to help the people there. Some volunteers will _ _ to Africa to help the people there. 4. We usually call maths the language of science. Maths _ usually _ the language of science. 5. Jimmy has lent the novels that he bought to his friend. The novels that Jimmy bought _ _ lent to his friend. 6. People in our village threw away a great number of plastic bags last year. A great number of plastic bags _ _ away in our village last year. 7. We don’t allow people to smoke anywhere in the building. People _ _ to smoke anywhere in the building. 8. We are doing so many things here to save local wildlife. So many things _ _ done here to save local wildlife. 9. Students read some information about memory in the library yesterday. Some information about memory _ _ in the library yesterday by students. 10. Has the government built many parking places for car owners this year? _ many parking places for car owners _ built by the government this year? Test 2 被动语态答案 1. 选择(20*3’) 请把答案写入下表 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 1. This shop _ not only VCD players but also DVD players. 1. sell 1. sold 1. is sold 1. was sold 1. Tell me what time he _ off tomorrow? 1. sets 1. is set 1. will set 1. will be set 1. Mr. Green’s old house _. Now he is living in the country. 1. is sold 1. was sold 1. has sold 1. has been sold 1. A traffic accident _ this morning. 1. happened 1. was happened 1. has happened 1. has been happened 1. By last year their lost dog _. 1. didn’t find 1. wasn’t found 1. hadn’t found 1. hadn’t been found 1. The garden _ after quite well during my absence. 1. looks 1. is looked 1. looked 1. was looked 1. Letters _ from this post box twice a day. 1. are collected 1. are collecting 1. collect 1. collected 1. Lost time _ again. 1. never finds 1. never found 1. will never find 1. will never be found 1. How many dishes and plates _ by Cinderella? 1. must wash 1. must be washed 1. must washed 1. must have washed 1. The dishes _ delicious. 1. smell 1. smells 1. are smelling 1. are smelled 1. Black tea_ in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way to keep tea fresh. E. invented F. was invented G. is invented H. is inventing 1. This car is environment-friendly because its engine _ by electricity. E. is driven F. are driven G. drive H. drives 1. Half of the Beijing’s private cars _ off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday. E. are ordered F. order G. ordered H. were ordered 1. Many houses _ during the earthquake happened in Yunnan, China this May. E. were destroyed F. are destroyed G. has destroyed H. had destroyed 1. Here is the package you ordered. It _ this morning. E. deliver F. is delivered G. delivered H. was delivered 1. Great changes _ place in China since 1978. E. took F. have been taken G. have taken H. was taken 1. The bike _ 500 yuan. E. was cost F. costed G. cost H. is costed 1. I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. E. gave F. was giving G. had given H. was given 1. These walls _stones. E. are made of F. made of G. are made from H. made from 1. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. E. be stopped to throw F. be stopped from throwing G. stop to throw H. stop from throwing 1. 把下列句子改为被动语态 (10*4’) 11. Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab. We _were_ _warned_ not to touch the chemicals in the lab. 12. You must not waste water. Water must not _be_ _wasted_. 13. Our government will send some volunteers to Africa to help the people there. Some volunteers will _be_ _sent_ to Africa to help the people there. 14. We usually call maths the language of science. Maths _is_ usually _called_ the language of science. 15. Jimmy has lent the novels that he bought to his friend. The novels that Jimmy bought _have_ _been_ lent to his friend. 16. People in our village threw away a great number of plastic bags last year. A great number of plastic bags _were_ _thrown_ away in our village last year. 17. We don’t allow people to smoke anywhere in the building. People _aren’t_ _allowed_ to smoke anywhere in the building. 18. We are doing so many things here to save local wildlife. So many things _are_ _being_ done here to save local wildlife. 19. Students read some information about memory in the library yesterday. Some information about memory _was_ _read_ in the library yesterday by students. 20. Has the government built many parking places for car owners this year? _Have_ many parking places for car owners _been_ built by the government this year? 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $