Unit 5 Section A（导学案）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! Section A导学案 1. 识别并掌握食物、烹饪相关词汇（如pepper,butter,cheese,tomato,potato等）以及烹饪动作短语（如cut up, pour…into…,mix…with…,boil…,heat…,stir‑fry,take…out of the pan等）；理解可数名词与不可数名词的用法差异，识别量词表达（half a cup of）；感知 what/how 引导感叹句的句式结构，辨别 what 和 how 感叹句的不同使用场景；通过听对话获取食材、做菜步骤等关键信息，梳理食材、操作顺序等核心信息。（学习理解） 2. 完成 1b、2a 听力任务，准确捕捉食材信息，听懂制作土豆泥、西红柿炒鸡蛋的操作流程；能够使用序列副词first, next, then, after that, finally梳理做菜步骤；完成课本对话练习，能区分使用 what /how 改写感叹句；在情景对话中，能够询问需要多少食材（How much / How many）；依托提示，口头复述土豆泥、西红柿炒鸡蛋的完整制作流程；能模仿范例，和同伴问答交流家常菜的做法。（应用实践） 3. 自主构思一道家常菜，能用序列副词口头完整描述烹饪步骤；综合运用感叹句对食物进行评价；能够仿写食谱，写出一道菜肴的食材清单和操作步骤；在模拟交际场景中，向别人请教做菜方法，灵活运用本单元词汇、句型完成交际。（迁移创新） 重点： 1. 掌握询问、描述菜肴制作流程的核心交际句型，会用 How do we make…?询问做菜方法，能够用 How many…? / How much…?询问食材的数量。 2. 掌握烹饪动作短语（cut up, pour…into…, mix…with…, heat, stir‑fry, boil）以及顺序副词 first, next, then, after that, finally，按顺序描述做菜步骤。 3. 掌握 what 和 how 引导的感叹句基本句型，能够识别感叹句结构，会对食物、气味表达赞叹。 4. 区分可数名词与不可数食物名词，掌握 How many 接可数名词复数、 How much 接不可数名词的用法；掌握部分食物名词复数变化（potato‑potatoes；tomato‑tomatoes）。 难点： 1. 有条理连贯口头描述一道菜完整制作步骤，合理使用顺序副词串联多个动作，做到表达逻辑通顺。 2. 辨析 what 与 how 感叹句结构，做题和交际中不混淆。 3. 在真实语境正确选用 How many / How much，区分可数、不可数名词，避免提问不可数名词误用 many。 4. 动词短语中介词搭配准确运用，如 pour…into…、mix…with…，不遗漏、错用介词。 1. ________________________ n. 胡椒粉；菜椒 2. ________________________ 切碎；剁碎 3. ________________________ v.（使）混合；融合；调配 n. 混合；混杂；混合料 4. ________________________ v. 烘焙 5. ________________________ n. 烤箱；烤炉 6. ________________________ 将…… 倒入…… 7. ________________________ n. 面粉 8. ________________________ v. 煮沸；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 9. ________________________ n. 黄油 10. ________________________ n. 奶酪；干酪 11. ________________________ 将…… 切成…… 12. ________________________ n. 一汤匙（的量）；餐匙；汤匙 13. ________________________ v. 捣烂；捣碎 14. ________________________ 土豆泥 15. ________________________ v. 翻炒；炒；煸 16. ________________________ 处理 17. ________________________ n. 碗；钵；盆 18. ________________________ v. 加热；变热 n. 热；温度；炎热天气 19. ________________________ n. 食用油；石油；燃油 20. ________________________ n. 平底锅；烤盘 21. ________________________ 将…… 放回 22. ________________________ （使）…… 和…… 混合 23. ________________________ adj. 简单的；朴素的 24. ________________________ n. 材料；食材 25. ________________________ n. (pl.) 用法说明；操作指南 26. ________________________ 清蒸鱼 27. ________________________ 酸辣汤 28. ________________________ n. 脏乱；凌乱 29. ________________________ adj. 漂亮的；美丽的 adv. 相当；十分；非常 30. ________________________ n. 圣诞节 31. ________________________ n. 烙饼；薄饼 32. ________________________ n. 梦想；梦 v.(dreamt 或 dreamed) 做梦；梦见；梦想 33. ________________________ n.（综合性）大学；高等学府 34. ________________________ 去划船 二、短语填空 1. ________________________ 把… 加入… 2. ________________________ 切碎 3. ________________________ 把…… 倒入 4. ________________________ 把…… 切成碎片 5. ________________________ 一勺黄油 6. ________________________ 半杯牛奶 7. ________________________ 煮到…… 8. ________________________ 西红柿炒鸡蛋 9. ________________________ 好主意 10. ________________________ 把…… 从…… 取出 11. ________________________ 将… 与… 混合 12. ________________________ 进入 13. ________________________ 划船 3、 翻译 1. _______________ the soup. 往汤里加胡椒粉。 2. _______________ the tomatoes. 把西红柿切碎。 3. _______________ the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合在一起。 4. _______________ the milk _______________ the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 5. _______________ the potatoes. 煮土豆。 6. _______________ the cake _______________ the oven. 在烤箱里烤蛋糕。 7. Let’s _______________ some mashed potatoes for lunch. 咱们午饭做些土豆泥吧。 8. Great idea! _______________ we make them? 好主意！我们怎么做呢？ 9. First, _______________ some potatoes and _______________. 首先，拿一些土豆，把它们洗干净。 10. _______________ pieces. 把它们切成块。 11. Next, _______________ the potatoes _______________ the pot and boil them until they are soft. 接下来，把土豆放进锅里煮，直到变软。 12. _______________ one tablespoon of butter and half a cup of milk. 取一汤匙黄油和半杯牛奶。 13. _______________ the milk and butter _______________ the potatoes, and mix. 把牛奶和黄油加到土豆里，然后搅拌。 14. _______________, add salt and pepper. 最后，加入盐和胡椒粉。 15. _______________! 它们尝起来太美味了！ 16. Hey Teng Fei, can you teach me _______________ a popular Chinese dish? 嘿，滕飞，你能教我做一道受欢迎的中国菜吗？ 17. _______________ stir‑fried eggs and tomatoes? 西红柿炒鸡蛋怎么样？ 18. Great idea! _______________ we make it? 好主意！我们怎么做呢？ 19. We need eggs, tomatoes, salt, and sugar. 我们需要鸡蛋、西红柿、盐和糖。 20. _______________ tomatoes and eggs do we need? 我们需要多少西红柿和鸡蛋？ 21. First, _______________ the tomatoes _______________ small pieces. Next, _______________ the eggs _______________ a bowl. 首先，把西红柿切成小块。接下来，在碗里把鸡蛋搅匀。 22. Perfect. Then, _______________ some oil _______________ a pan and add the eggs to it. _______________ for one minute. Then _______________ the eggs _______________ the pan. 很好。然后，锅里烧热油，倒入鸡蛋，翻炒一分钟，再把鸡蛋盛出来。 23. Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan until they’re soft. Then, _______________ some salt and sugar. 接着炒西红柿直到变软，然后加一些盐和糖。 24. _______________! 多么诱人的香味啊！ 25. Finally, _______________ the eggs _______________ the pan and _______________ them _______________ the tomatoes. 最后把鸡蛋倒回锅里，和西红柿混合翻炒。 26. _______________ green peppers /onions do we need? 我们需要多少青椒 / 洋葱？ 27. _______________ do we need? 我们还需要别的什么？ 28. _______________! 这道菜看上去多美味啊！ 29. _______________! 你真聪明！ 30. _______________. 圣诞树看起来很棒。 知识点1：add [教材原句]Add pepper to the soup. 往汤里加胡椒。 add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构： （1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如： 　 Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。 （2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如： Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty. 参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。 （3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如： 　 Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me. 　 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。 （4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如： All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900. 知识点2：mix 1.Mix the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合。 mix v.使混合，融合，调配n.混合，混杂，混合料 【详解】 1.mixturen.混合物，结合体 2.mix…and/with…使……和……混合 3.mix up混合，混淆 知识点3：pour v.倒出，倾倒 2.Pour the milk into the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 【详解】 1.pour·…into·…将……倒入…… 2.pour.out(of....)将·…从……里倒出 3.pour sb sth = pour sth for sb给某人倒某物 【拓展】flourn.面粉 white flour白面粉rice flour米粉 知识点4：cut 3.Cut up the tomatoes. 西红柿切碎。 cut up切碎，剁碎（相当于cut...into pieces） 注意：cut up是"动词+副词"结构，人称代词作宾语时要放在cut和up之间；名词作宾语时，可放在cut和up之间，也可放在up之后。 cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎 【拓展】 cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。 常见搭配： cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕 相关短语： 辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out  词汇 例句 cut off 切断，剪断 They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply. cut down 砍倒，减少 If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land. cut in 插嘴 She always cut in when other people are talking. cut out 切去，切除 The cancerous cells had to be cut out. 知识点5：bake v.烘烤、烘焙n.烘烤食品 4.Bake the cake in the oven. 把蛋糕放在烤箱里烤。 bake sb sth=bake sth for sb为某人烘烤某物 知识点6:boil v.煮沸，烧开，用开水煮n.沸腾，沸点 5.Boil the potatoes. 煮土豆。 boil sb sth=boil sth for sb为某人煮某物 知识点7：mash v.捣烂，捣碎 How do we make mashed potatoes? 我们如何制作土豆泥？ 1.mash up捣烂，捣碎 2.mashed adj.捣烂的 3.mashed potatoes土豆泥 知识点8：teach v.教;讲授（过去式：taught） 7.Can you teach me how to cook a popular Chinese dish? 常考点： 1.teach sb/sth 教某人/某事 2.teach sb sth=teach sth to sb 教某人某物 3.teach sb (how)to do sth教某人（如何）做某事 4.teach oneself...=learn…by oneself自学…… 知识点9：do with What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? 辨析deal with与do with 词组 意义及用法 deal with “处理；应对”，常与how连用 do with “处理；处置”，常与what连用 知识点10：how many ①How many peppers do we need? 我们需要多少青椒？ ②How much beef do we need? 我们需要多少牛肉？ 【易混辨析】重点：how many与how much how many 提问 可数 （可数/不可数）名词的数量 How many flowers do you want?你想要几朵花？ how much 提问 不可数 （可数/不可数）名词的数量 How much milk did she drink?她喝了多少牛奶？ 提问价格，主语既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词 How much are the flowers?这些花多少钱？ How much is the milk?牛奶多少钱？ 知识点11：mess What a mess it is!真是一团糟。 mess n.脏乱，凌乱 make a mess弄得一团糟 messy adj.脏的，不整洁的，杂乱的in a mess乱七八糟 知识点12：go boating去划船 Let’s go boating on the lake ! 拓展： go hiking 去远足 go walking去散步 go shopping去购物 go climbing 去爬山 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go bike riding骑自行车（兜风） go skateboarding去进行滑板运动 语法聚焦：1.感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情，通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句（中心词为名词） ①What ＋ a/an ＋ adj.＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What a kind heart you have！ 你的心肠真好！ ②What ＋ adj. ＋不可数名词/可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What interesting stories he’s told us！ 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ What great progress she has made！ 她取得了多么大的进步啊！ 2.how引导的感叹句（中心词为形容词或副词） ①How ＋ adj./adv.（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！ ②How ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever a boy he is！ 他真是个聪明的男孩！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！如： How time flies！ 时间过得真快呀！ 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句： 1.凡是以a/an开头的，多用what； 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况，如：weather，news，advice，fun，information，work，traffic等； 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记：感叹句要记牢，句子主谓先划掉，再来确定what/how；再在形容词后找，若有名词用what，没有名词用how。 2.可数名词和不可数名词 1. 名词复数形式的规则变化 情况 构成方法 单数变复数例词 一般情况 加 -s map→maps；mouth→mouths；house→houses 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es watch→watches；glass→glasses；match→matches 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加es baby→babies；country→countries 以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加-s key→keys；boy→boys； holiday-holiday 以-f或-fe结尾 多数变f或fe 为v后加-es leaf→leaves；life→lives；shelf→shelves knife→knives； thief→thieves；wife→wives；knife→knives；wolf→wolves 少数词尾加-s chief→chiefs；roof→roofs；belief→beliefs 以字母-o结尾 词尾加-es Negro→Negroes；hero→heroes； potato→potatoes；tomato→tomatoes 词尾加-s photo→photos；kilo→kilos；piano→pianos；zoo→zoos 注意： 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人 Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人 Russian → Russians俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。 math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国 【速记口诀】 口诀1：“小偷的妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命藏于后”。当这些名词变为复数时，将f或fe改为-ve，并加上-s。以f或fe结尾的名词，若要变为复数，需将f或fe变为v，再添加-es。这类名词包括：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。 口诀2：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”，这些名词词尾加-es, 其它以o结尾的名词复数加-s。以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有： negro （黑人）， hero （英雄）， tomato （西红柿）， potato （土豆）。 2. 名词复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer；fish；sheep；means；series；aircraft；spacecraft；species Chinese；the United States；Swiss；physics；politics；maths 变内部元音 goose→geeset；ooth→teeth；foot→feet；man→men；woman→women；mouse→mice -on变-a phenomenon→phenomena现象；criterion→criteria标准； 词尾加-(r)en child→children孩子；ox→oxen公牛 词尾-un变成-a datum→data数据；medium→media媒体 【易混易错】 1. 名词作定语，一般用单数，如：two girl students; 需要用复数作定语的有：goods trains货车；sports meet运动会；customs officer海关人员；a salesgirl一个售货员； 2. 名词前有man/woman修饰，名词变复数时，man/woman和名词都要变为复数形式。 3. man/woman构成的合成词，复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是 Germans 。 4. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为 fishes ，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为 fish 。如： different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 5. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数同形，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是 works 。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 3. 不可数名词 一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 不可数名词的数 不可数名词没有复数形式，一般不能用a或an修饰。可在名词前加表示数量的词如piece, glass等。通常只用作不可数的名词有：beer, air, homework, weather, news, butter, milk, information, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。 抽象名词具体化 表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有： success成功—成功的人或事； pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事； surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事； beauty美—美丽的人或事； comfort安慰—令人感到安慰的人或事物； danger危险—危险的人或因素； delight高兴—令人高兴的事； failure 失败—失败的人或事物； shock震惊—令人震惊的事情； honour荣誉—一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事) 物质名词具体化 rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, drink, ice, sugar, ice等物质名词可以具体化为可数名词，用复数形式表示类别、数量、范围或程度。如：two drinks两杯饮料； two ices两份冰淇淋； sands沙滩；snows多场雪 具体名词抽象化 school, college, hospital, court, prison, table, church等是可数名词，有具体的意义，当表示与之相关的活动时，表示抽象意义。如：go to school上学；at table在吃饭；in prison坐监狱；go to church去做礼拜 【易混易错】 fish指鱼的种类时，加-es; 指鱼的条数时，单复数相同；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。 4. 名词与数量词的搭配 a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens / scores of / different / other +可数名词 a (little), a great of, a large amount of, much +不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some +可数/不可数名词 socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰，但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves. 成双成对的名词 【易混易错】 物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式，如：a cup of tea; three pieces of bread; two pieces of paper等。 5. 复数形式表示特殊含义的名词 单复数意义不同的词 good好的→goods货物； water→waters水域；fish鱼肉→fishes（各种）鱼 possession拥有→possessions (财产)； work工作→works (作品，著作)； glass玻璃→glasses眼镜；paper纸--papers报纸，论文；content内容--contents目录； custom习俗→customs关税；wood木材→woods树林； arm胳膊→arms武器； time时间→times时代； green绿色→greens青菜 Section A练习 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．There are many ________ (土豆) in the basket. We can make chips. 2．Then, ________ (倒) the milk into the blender and turn it on. 3．________ (倒) the milk ________ (进入) the bowl gently. 4．After boiling, ________ the potatoes with a fork. (把土豆捣成泥) 5．Can you ________ ________ the tomatoes? (切碎) 6．We need to ________ the vegetables in a bowl.（搅拌蔬菜） 7．Let’s ________ (煮) the potatoes for 10 minutes. 8．Can I add a tablespoon of ________ (黄油) to the mashed potatoes? 9．Do you know how to make ________ (奶酪)? 10．My mother usually puts some ________ (菜椒) in the dishes. 2、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 11．There isn’t much ________ (cheese) left in the fridge. 12．The milk is ________ (freshly), but the bottle is dirty. 13．Would you like me ________ (help) you set the table? 14．Don’t forget ________ (add) some green onions before serving. 15．How many ________ (pancake) would you like to order? 16．I’m full. I don’t feel like ________ (eat) anything else. 17．He usually ________ (mix) milk and coffee in the morning. 18．There are some ________ (tomato) and carrots in the fridge. 19．Eating too much ________ (salt) food is not good for our health. 20．What did you ________ (do with) the old clothes in your closet? 三、单项选择 21．________ terrible weather! We have to stay at home. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 22．—What ________ foggy weather! —How terrible! When can we see ________ clear blue sky? A．a ; / B．/ ; a C．a; a D．the; the 23．—How do you make apple pie? —First, ________ the apples and then mix them with sugar. A．wash B．washes C．washing D．to wash 24．My sister likes eating ________ but she doesn’t like ________ soup. A．tomato; tomato B．tomatoes; tomatoes C．tomatoes; tomato D．tomato; tomatoes 25．—________ salt do you want? —Just a little. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How often 26．We need ________ yogurt to make the salad. A．two cup of B．two cups of C．two cup D．two cups 27．You should not add too much oil ________ the pan when cooking. A．in B．to C．on D．with 28．—Can you tell me ________ these books? —You can ________ the books. Someone needs them. A．how to do with; give to B．what to do with; give away C．how to deal with; give to D．what to deal with; give away 29．Can you tell me ________ make a fruit salad? A．how B．how to C．what to D．what 30． To make your DIY better, you should not start ________ you get all the tools ready. A．when B．while C．before D．after 四、完形填空 通读下面的短文, 然后从后面各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Archie was new in town, and he had no friends here. His birthday was coming. He wanted to have a big party, but he was 31 that other kids would not come to his party. One week 32 the birthday party, Archie and his 33 went to Benny’s Pizza Store. It had the best pizza in town. Archie ordered a large pizza. He 34 it very much. Suddenly, Archie got a great idea. “Will you teach me to 35 pizza?” he asked Benny. Benny was very 36 . “He may not have time to teach you,” said Archie’s father. “But 37 loves his pizza!” said Archie. “ 38 I can cook pizza like him, I’ll be the most popular boy in the school.” “I will help you,” said Benny. “Come here after school every day and you can learn to make it 39 !” Archie decided to have a 40 . After that, he went to Benny’s Pizza Store every day after school. Benny taught him how to make pizza. 41 , he could make very good pizza. Archie told the kids in the school that his party would have pizza from Benny’s. Everyone was 42 . But when they came to Archie’s 43 , Benny wasn’t there. However, they saw Archie 44 pizza himself. The kids didn’t believe that Archie could make pizza. But when Archie took the pizza out of the oven (烤箱), everyone agreed the pizza 45 just like Benny’s. It might be a little bit better. 31．A．surprised B．sad C．glad D．afraid 32．A．at B．before C．without D．after 33．A．guest B．father C．friend D．headmaster 34．A．refused B．minded C．enjoyed D．prepared 35．A．catch B．hang C．print D．cook 36．A．lazy B．busy C．available D．easy 37．A．nobody B．anyone C．someone D．everyone 38．A．Until B．Although C．But D．If 39．A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 40．A．try B．talk C．walk D．trip 41．A．Finally B．Probably C．Firstly D．Hardly 42．A．scared B．worried C．interested D．bored 43．A．house B．hotel C．restaurant D．store 44．A．eating B．making C．selling D．buying 45．A．sounded B．watched C．looked D．heard 五、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 In 1853, a rich man was on holiday in Saratoga Springs, New York. One night, he went to a restaurant to have dinner. He 46 at the menu and ordered a plate of fried (油炸的) potatoes. After a while, 47 dish was given to the man. But he didn’t like it because he thought the potatoes 48 too thick (厚的) and not crispy (脆的) enough. So he sent 49 back to the kitchen. George Crum was the cook of that restaurant. After knowing that, he cut the potatoes 50 and sent them to that man again. 51 the man still thought the potatoes were not thin enough. Crum got unhappy and decided 52 him a lesson. He cut the potatoes much thinner and cooked them for a long time. After they became crispy, he put some salt 53 them and served the new dish to the man personally. To his surprise, the man liked the new dish very much. And 54 people wanted to try it. Soon the potato chips became popular in the world. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell this kind of potato chips, so people 55 buy them easily. 46．A．look B．looks C．is looking D．looked 47．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 48．A．are B．were C．is D．was 49．A．their B．theirs C．they D．them 50．A．thinner B．thinnest C．longer D．longest 51．A．And B．Or C．But D．So 52．A．teach B．to teach C．solve D．to solve 53．A．on B．from C．during D．at 54．A．few B．little C．many D．much 55．A．must B．should C．need D．could 六、完成句子 56．The air-conditioned classrooms are really comfortable. (改成感叹句) ________ ________ the air-conditioned classrooms are! 57．The girl runs fast. (改感叹句) ________ ________ the girl runs! 58．自然保护区在保护大熊猫方面起着多么重要的作用啊！ ________ ________ ________ ________ nature reserves play in protecting giant pandas! 59．________ ________ potatoes do we need for the soup?（做这道汤我们需要多少土豆?） 60．我们能在烤箱中烘焙这些土豆泥吗? Can we ________ these ________ ________ in the oven? 61．生活真棒啊！ _______ ________ life is! 62．把这些黄瓜切成薄片。 ________ these cucumbers ________ thin slices. 63．把牛奶倒入这个瓶子里。 ________ the milk ________ this bottle. 64．我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。 I don’t know what to ________ ________ these old books. 65．请帮我将鸡肉和洋葱混合在一起。 Please help me ________ the chicken ________ the onion. 七、补全对话 根据对话情景，填入合适句子，使对话意思完整通顺，围绕烹饪步骤、食材询问、感叹评价展开。 A: Hi, Linda! You are good at cooking. 66 ? B: Sure! I can teach you to make tomato and egg soup. It’s easy. A: Great! 67 ? B: We need two tomatoes, one egg and some salt and oil. A: Got it. 68 ? B: First, wash and cut up the tomatoes. Then boil some water. A: What should we do next? B: Pour the egg into the water and add the tomatoes. Cook for five minutes. A: 69 ! It smells so good. B: Thank you. Finally, add a little salt. A: OK! 70 after finishing it? B: Of course! We can enjoy the delicious soup together. 八、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 enjoy  relax  start  spend  like  make  feel  taste  because  do Everyone has their own way to 71 . For me, I 72 to cook delicious food in my free time. I 73 cooking when I was nine years old. My mom is a good cook, and I 74 about one hour learning to make a dish every weekend. My best friend Emma loves to 75 fruit salads. She 76 making them for her family every Sunday. She says it makes her 77 warm and helps her show her love to others. Tom’s favorite way is to 78 different foods in restaurants. He does it 79 he wants to get new ideas for cooking. No matter what we 80 to relax, the most important thing is to enjoy it. 九、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Shaomai, a 81 (tradition) Chinese food, is loved by many people. Shaomai 82 (start) in the city of Hohhot in the 17th century. Some old records show that 83 (serve) shaomai was common to see in tea houses. There is also a story about it. Once two brothers sold baozi in their shop, but later, the elder brother and his wife took over the shop. And the younger brother became a 84 (wait). He created a new kind of baozi 85 (make) his own money. It had a 86 (thin) wrapper (皮) than baozi and an open top. They called it “Shaomai (捎卖)” because it was “sold on the side” at first. Later, the first character in the name was changed but 87 (it) sound was kept. Today, shaomai 88 (become) popular across China. The ways 89 making it are almost the same. It is usually made with a thin wrapper. Pork, chicken, beef and many other ingredients (食材) are used in the filling. However, different parts of China have different styles of shaomai. People in the south sometimes make it with shrimp (虾) or crab roe (蟹黄). People in the north use more onion 90 ginger (姜). Do you love eating shaomai? 十、任务型阅读 Ice cream is a delicious treat that many people love. But do you know how milk turns into ice cream? Let’s see the process step by step. On the farm, cows eat lots of food and drink a lot of water. They help cows produce milk. A healthy cow can make about one hundred glasses of milk each day. That is really amazing! Next, trucks come to pick up the fresh milk. These trucks have big tanks to keep the milk cold. Then they drive the milk to factories. In the factory, workers start by separating the milk into cream and skim milk (脱脂牛奶). After that, they mix cream, milk, sugar and other things like chocolate or vanilla flavour. The mixture is heated to kill any germs. Then it is cooled down. A machine whips (搅打) the mix to make it smooth. Now it is time to add flavorings (调味香料). Fruit, nuts or biscuits can be added too. This makes the ice cream taste even better. After adding flavors, the ice cream is cooled again. Now it becomes very hard and ready to eat. Finally, trucks take the ice cream to shops. Now you can buy it and enjoy this sweet treat! Learning about how milk becomes ice cream is interesting. It shows how food is made with care. Next time you eat ice cream, you will know more about its journey from farm to your mouth! 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 91．What helps cows produce milk? 92．How do trucks keep the milk cold during transportation? 93．Why do they heat the mixture in the factory? 94．What may Step 2 be according to paragraph 4? 95．What does the writer think of learning about food making? 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! Section A导学案 1. 识别并掌握食物、烹饪相关词汇（如pepper,butter,cheese,tomato,potato等）以及烹饪动作短语（如cut up, pour…into…,mix…with…,boil…,heat…,stir‑fry,take…out of the pan等）；理解可数名词与不可数名词的用法差异，识别量词表达（half a cup of）；感知 what/how 引导感叹句的句式结构，辨别 what 和 how 感叹句的不同使用场景；通过听对话获取食材、做菜步骤等关键信息，梳理食材、操作顺序等核心信息。（学习理解） 2. 完成 1b、2a 听力任务，准确捕捉食材信息，听懂制作土豆泥、西红柿炒鸡蛋的操作流程；能够使用序列副词first, next, then, after that, finally梳理做菜步骤；完成课本对话练习，能区分使用 what /how 改写感叹句；在情景对话中，能够询问需要多少食材（How much / How many）；依托提示，口头复述土豆泥、西红柿炒鸡蛋的完整制作流程；能模仿范例，和同伴问答交流家常菜的做法。（应用实践） 3. 自主构思一道家常菜，能用序列副词口头完整描述烹饪步骤；综合运用感叹句对食物进行评价；能够仿写食谱，写出一道菜肴的食材清单和操作步骤；在模拟交际场景中，向别人请教做菜方法，灵活运用本单元词汇、句型完成交际。（迁移创新） 重点： 1. 掌握询问、描述菜肴制作流程的核心交际句型，会用 How do we make…?询问做菜方法，能够用 How many…? / How much…?询问食材的数量。 2. 掌握烹饪动作短语（cut up, pour…into…, mix…with…, heat, stir‑fry, boil）以及顺序副词 first, next, then, after that, finally，按顺序描述做菜步骤。 3. 掌握 what 和 how 引导的感叹句基本句型，能够识别感叹句结构，会对食物、气味表达赞叹。 4. 区分可数名词与不可数食物名词，掌握 How many 接可数名词复数、 How much 接不可数名词的用法；掌握部分食物名词复数变化（potato‑potatoes；tomato‑tomatoes）。 难点： 1. 有条理连贯口头描述一道菜完整制作步骤，合理使用顺序副词串联多个动作，做到表达逻辑通顺。 2. 辨析 what 与 how 感叹句结构，做题和交际中不混淆。 3. 在真实语境正确选用 How many / How much，区分可数、不可数名词，避免提问不可数名词误用 many。 4. 动词短语中介词搭配准确运用，如 pour…into…、mix…with…，不遗漏、错用介词。 1. ________________________ n. 胡椒粉；菜椒 2. ________________________ 切碎；剁碎 3. ________________________ v.（使）混合；融合；调配 n. 混合；混杂；混合料 4. ________________________ v. 烘焙 5. ________________________ n. 烤箱；烤炉 6. ________________________ 将…… 倒入…… 7. ________________________ n. 面粉 8. ________________________ v. 煮沸；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 9. ________________________ n. 黄油 10. ________________________ n. 奶酪；干酪 11. ________________________ 将…… 切成…… 12. ________________________ n. 一汤匙（的量）；餐匙；汤匙 13. ________________________ v. 捣烂；捣碎 14. ________________________ 土豆泥 15. ________________________ v. 翻炒；炒；煸 16. ________________________ 处理 17. ________________________ n. 碗；钵；盆 18. ________________________ v. 加热；变热 n. 热；温度；炎热天气 19. ________________________ n. 食用油；石油；燃油 20. ________________________ n. 平底锅；烤盘 21. ________________________ 将…… 放回 22. ________________________ （使）…… 和…… 混合 23. ________________________ adj. 简单的；朴素的 24. ________________________ n. 材料；食材 25. ________________________ n. (pl.) 用法说明；操作指南 26. ________________________ 清蒸鱼 27. ________________________ 酸辣汤 28. ________________________ n. 脏乱；凌乱 29. ________________________ adj. 漂亮的；美丽的 adv. 相当；十分；非常 30. ________________________ n. 圣诞节 31. ________________________ n. 烙饼；薄饼 32. ________________________ n. 梦想；梦 v.(dreamt 或 dreamed) 做梦；梦见；梦想 33. ________________________ n.（综合性）大学；高等学府 34. ________________________ 去划船 【答案】 1. pepper 2. cut up 3. mix 4. bake 5. oven 6. pour sth into sth 7. flour 8. boil 9. butter 10. cheese 11. cut sth in / into sth 12. tablespoon 13. mash 14. mashed potatoes 15. stir-fry 16. do with 17. bowl 18. heat 19. oil 20. pan 21. put sth back 22. mix ... with... 23. simple 24. ingredient 25. instruction 26. steamed fish 27. hot and sour soup 28. mess 29. pretty 30. Christmas 31. pancake 32. dream 33. university 34. go boating 二、短语填空 l.add … to … 把…加入… 2.cut up 切碎 3.pour...into 把……倒入 4.cut...into pieces 把……切成碎片 5.one spoon of butter 一勺黄油 6.half a cup of milk 半杯牛奶 7.boil...until..煮到…… 8.stir-fired eggs and tomatoes 西红柿炒鸡蛋 9.great idea 好主意 10.take...out of 把……从……取出 11.mix …with… 将…与…混合 12.get into 进入 13.go boating 划船 1. ________________________ 把… 加入… 2. ________________________ 切碎 3. ________________________ 把…… 倒入 4. ________________________ 把…… 切成碎片 5. ________________________ 一勺黄油 6. ________________________ 半杯牛奶 7. ________________________ 煮到…… 8. ________________________ 西红柿炒鸡蛋 9. ________________________ 好主意 10. ________________________ 把…… 从…… 取出 11. ________________________ 将… 与… 混合 12. ________________________ 进入 13. ________________________ 划船 【答案】 1. add … to … 2. cut up 3. pour...into 4. cut...into pieces 5. one spoon of butter 6. half a cup of milk 7. boil...until.. 8. stir-fired eggs and tomatoes 9. great idea 10. take...out of 11. mix …with… 12. get into 13. go boating 3、 翻译 1. _______________ the soup. 往汤里加胡椒粉。 2. _______________ the tomatoes. 把西红柿切碎。 3. _______________ the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合在一起。 4. _______________ the milk _______________ the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 5. _______________ the potatoes. 煮土豆。 6. _______________ the cake _______________ the oven. 在烤箱里烤蛋糕。 7. Let’s _______________ some mashed potatoes for lunch. 咱们午饭做些土豆泥吧。 8. Great idea! _______________ we make them? 好主意！我们怎么做呢？ 9. First, _______________ some potatoes and _______________. 首先，拿一些土豆，把它们洗干净。 10. _______________ pieces. 把它们切成块。 11. Next, _______________ the potatoes _______________ the pot and boil them until they are soft. 接下来，把土豆放进锅里煮，直到变软。 12. _______________ one tablespoon of butter and half a cup of milk. 取一汤匙黄油和半杯牛奶。 13. _______________ the milk and butter _______________ the potatoes, and mix. 把牛奶和黄油加到土豆里，然后搅拌。 14. _______________, add salt and pepper. 最后，加入盐和胡椒粉。 15. _______________! 它们尝起来太美味了！ 16. Hey Teng Fei, can you teach me _______________ a popular Chinese dish? 嘿，滕飞，你能教我做一道受欢迎的中国菜吗？ 17. _______________ stir‑fried eggs and tomatoes? 西红柿炒鸡蛋怎么样？ 18. Great idea! _______________ we make it? 好主意！我们怎么做呢？ 19. We need eggs, tomatoes, salt, and sugar. 我们需要鸡蛋、西红柿、盐和糖。 20. _______________ tomatoes and eggs do we need? 我们需要多少西红柿和鸡蛋？ 21. First, _______________ the tomatoes _______________ small pieces. Next, _______________ the eggs _______________ a bowl. 首先，把西红柿切成小块。接下来，在碗里把鸡蛋搅匀。 22. Perfect. Then, _______________ some oil _______________ a pan and add the eggs to it. _______________ for one minute. Then _______________ the eggs _______________ the pan. 很好。然后，锅里烧热油，倒入鸡蛋，翻炒一分钟，再把鸡蛋盛出来。 23. Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan until they’re soft. Then, _______________ some salt and sugar. 接着炒西红柿直到变软，然后加一些盐和糖。 24. _______________! 多么诱人的香味啊！ 25. Finally, _______________ the eggs _______________ the pan and _______________ them _______________ the tomatoes. 最后把鸡蛋倒回锅里，和西红柿混合翻炒。 26. _______________ green peppers /onions do we need? 我们需要多少青椒 / 洋葱？ 27. _______________ do we need? 我们还需要别的什么？ 28. _______________! 这道菜看上去多美味啊！ 29. _______________! 你真聪明！ 30. _______________. 圣诞树看起来很棒。 【答案】 1. Add pepper to 2. Cut up 3. Mix 4. Pour; into 5. Boil 6. Bake; in 7. make 8. How do 9. get; wash them 10. Cut them into 11. put; in 12. Get 13. Add; to 14. Finally 15. How delicious they taste 16. how to cook 17. How about 18. How do 19. We need eggs, tomatoes, salt, and sugar. 20. How many 21. cut; into; mix; in 22. heat; in; Stir-fry; take; out of 23. add 24. What an amazing smell 25. put; back into; mix; with 26. How many 27. What else 28. How delicious the dish looks 29. How clever you are 30. The Christmas tree looks fantastic 知识点1：add [教材原句]Add pepper to the soup. 往汤里加胡椒。 add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构： （1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如： 　 Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。 （2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如： Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty. 参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。 （3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如： 　 Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me. 　 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。 （4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如： All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900. 知识点2：mix 1.Mix the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合。 mix v.使混合，融合，调配n.混合，混杂，混合料 【详解】 1.mixturen.混合物，结合体 2.mix…and/with…使……和……混合 3.mix up混合，混淆 知识点3：pour v.倒出，倾倒 2.Pour the milk into the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 【详解】 1.pour·…into·…将……倒入…… 2.pour.out(of....)将·…从……里倒出 3.pour sb sth = pour sth for sb给某人倒某物 【拓展】flourn.面粉 white flour白面粉rice flour米粉 知识点4：cut 3.Cut up the tomatoes. 西红柿切碎。 cut up切碎，剁碎（相当于cut...into pieces） 注意：cut up是"动词+副词"结构，人称代词作宾语时要放在cut和up之间；名词作宾语时，可放在cut和up之间，也可放在up之后。 cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎 【拓展】 cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。 常见搭配： cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕 相关短语： 辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out  词汇 例句 cut off 切断，剪断 They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply. cut down 砍倒，减少 If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land. cut in 插嘴 She always cut in when other people are talking. cut out 切去，切除 The cancerous cells had to be cut out. 知识点5：bake v.烘烤、烘焙n.烘烤食品 4.Bake the cake in the oven. 把蛋糕放在烤箱里烤。 bake sb sth=bake sth for sb为某人烘烤某物 知识点6:boil v.煮沸，烧开，用开水煮n.沸腾，沸点 5.Boil the potatoes. 煮土豆。 boil sb sth=boil sth for sb为某人煮某物 知识点7：mash v.捣烂，捣碎 How do we make mashed potatoes? 我们如何制作土豆泥？ 1.mash up捣烂，捣碎 2.mashed adj.捣烂的 3.mashed potatoes土豆泥 知识点8：teach v.教;讲授（过去式：taught） 7.Can you teach me how to cook a popular Chinese dish? 常考点： 1.teach sb/sth 教某人/某事 2.teach sb sth=teach sth to sb 教某人某物 3.teach sb (how)to do sth教某人（如何）做某事 4.teach oneself...=learn…by oneself自学…… 知识点9：do with What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? 辨析deal with与do with 词组 意义及用法 deal with “处理；应对”，常与how连用 do with “处理；处置”，常与what连用 知识点10：how many ①How many peppers do we need? 我们需要多少青椒？ ②How much beef do we need? 我们需要多少牛肉？ 【易混辨析】重点：how many与how much how many 提问 可数 （可数/不可数）名词的数量 How many flowers do you want?你想要几朵花？ how much 提问 不可数 （可数/不可数）名词的数量 How much milk did she drink?她喝了多少牛奶？ 提问价格，主语既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词 How much are the flowers?这些花多少钱？ How much is the milk?牛奶多少钱？ 知识点11：mess What a mess it is!真是一团糟。 mess n.脏乱，凌乱 make a mess弄得一团糟 messy adj.脏的，不整洁的，杂乱的in a mess乱七八糟 知识点12：go boating去划船 Let’s go boating on the lake ! 拓展： go hiking 去远足 go walking去散步 go shopping去购物 go climbing 去爬山 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go bike riding骑自行车（兜风） go skateboarding去进行滑板运动 语法聚焦：1.感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情，通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句（中心词为名词） ①What ＋ a/an ＋ adj.＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What a kind heart you have！ 你的心肠真好！ ②What ＋ adj. ＋不可数名词/可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What interesting stories he’s told us！ 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ What great progress she has made！ 她取得了多么大的进步啊！ 2.how引导的感叹句（中心词为形容词或副词） ①How ＋ adj./adv.（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！ ②How ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever a boy he is！ 他真是个聪明的男孩！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！如： How time flies！ 时间过得真快呀！ 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句： 1.凡是以a/an开头的，多用what； 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况，如：weather，news，advice，fun，information，work，traffic等； 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记：感叹句要记牢，句子主谓先划掉，再来确定what/how；再在形容词后找，若有名词用what，没有名词用how。 2.可数名词和不可数名词 1. 名词复数形式的规则变化 情况 构成方法 单数变复数例词 一般情况 加 -s map→maps；mouth→mouths；house→houses 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es watch→watches；glass→glasses；match→matches 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加es baby→babies；country→countries 以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加-s key→keys；boy→boys； holiday-holiday 以-f或-fe结尾 多数变f或fe 为v后加-es leaf→leaves；life→lives；shelf→shelves knife→knives； thief→thieves；wife→wives；knife→knives；wolf→wolves 少数词尾加-s chief→chiefs；roof→roofs；belief→beliefs 以字母-o结尾 词尾加-es Negro→Negroes；hero→heroes； potato→potatoes；tomato→tomatoes 词尾加-s photo→photos；kilo→kilos；piano→pianos；zoo→zoos 注意： 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人 Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人 Russian → Russians俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。 math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国 【速记口诀】 口诀1：“小偷的妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命藏于后”。当这些名词变为复数时，将f或fe改为-ve，并加上-s。以f或fe结尾的名词，若要变为复数，需将f或fe变为v，再添加-es。这类名词包括：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。 口诀2：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”，这些名词词尾加-es, 其它以o结尾的名词复数加-s。以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有： negro （黑人）， hero （英雄）， tomato （西红柿）， potato （土豆）。 2. 名词复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer；fish；sheep；means；series；aircraft；spacecraft；species Chinese；the United States；Swiss；physics；politics；maths 变内部元音 goose→geeset；ooth→teeth；foot→feet；man→men；woman→women；mouse→mice -on变-a phenomenon→phenomena现象；criterion→criteria标准； 词尾加-(r)en child→children孩子；ox→oxen公牛 词尾-un变成-a datum→data数据；medium→media媒体 【易混易错】 1. 名词作定语，一般用单数，如：two girl students; 需要用复数作定语的有：goods trains货车；sports meet运动会；customs officer海关人员；a salesgirl一个售货员； 2. 名词前有man/woman修饰，名词变复数时，man/woman和名词都要变为复数形式。 3. man/woman构成的合成词，复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是 Germans 。 4. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为 fishes ，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为 fish 。如： different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 5. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数同形，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是 works 。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 3. 不可数名词 一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 不可数名词的数 不可数名词没有复数形式，一般不能用a或an修饰。可在名词前加表示数量的词如piece, glass等。通常只用作不可数的名词有：beer, air, homework, weather, news, butter, milk, information, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。 抽象名词具体化 表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有： success成功—成功的人或事； pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事； surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事； beauty美—美丽的人或事； comfort安慰—令人感到安慰的人或事物； danger危险—危险的人或因素； delight高兴—令人高兴的事； failure 失败—失败的人或事物； shock震惊—令人震惊的事情； honour荣誉—一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事) 物质名词具体化 rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, drink, ice, sugar, ice等物质名词可以具体化为可数名词，用复数形式表示类别、数量、范围或程度。如：two drinks两杯饮料； two ices两份冰淇淋； sands沙滩；snows多场雪 具体名词抽象化 school, college, hospital, court, prison, table, church等是可数名词，有具体的意义，当表示与之相关的活动时，表示抽象意义。如：go to school上学；at table在吃饭；in prison坐监狱；go to church去做礼拜 【易混易错】 fish指鱼的种类时，加-es; 指鱼的条数时，单复数相同；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。 4. 名词与数量词的搭配 a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens / scores of / different / other +可数名词 a (little), a great of, a large amount of, much +不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some +可数/不可数名词 socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰，但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves. 成双成对的名词 【易混易错】 物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式，如：a cup of tea; three pieces of bread; two pieces of paper等。 5. 复数形式表示特殊含义的名词 单复数意义不同的词 good好的→goods货物； water→waters水域；fish鱼肉→fishes（各种）鱼 possession拥有→possessions (财产)； work工作→works (作品，著作)； glass玻璃→glasses眼镜；paper纸--papers报纸，论文；content内容--contents目录； custom习俗→customs关税；wood木材→woods树林； arm胳膊→arms武器； time时间→times时代； green绿色→greens青菜 Section A练习 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．There are many ________ (土豆) in the basket. We can make chips. 【答案】potatoes 【详解】句意：篮子里有许多土豆，我们可以做薯条。many后接可数名词复数，potato意为“土豆”，是以o结尾的有生命的名词，变复数需在末尾加-es，故填potatoes。 2．Then, ________ (倒) the milk into the blender and turn it on. 【答案】pour 【详解】句意：然后，把牛奶倒入搅拌机并打开它。 pour为动词，意思为“倒”，这是祈使句，用动词原形开头。故填pour。 3．________ (倒) the milk ________ (进入) the bowl gently. 【答案】 Pour into 【详解】句意：轻轻地把牛奶倒入碗里。本句是祈使句，以动词原形开头；“倒”对应的单词是pour，句首首字母大写；“进入”用介词into，故填Pour；into。 4．After boiling, ________ the potatoes with a fork. (把土豆捣成泥) 【答案】mash 【详解】句意：煮沸后，用叉子把土豆捣成泥。提示语“把土豆捣成泥”对应的英文动词是mash，这是一个祈使句，句首需要用动词原形，mash意为“捣烂、捣碎成泥”，符合烹饪场景下用叉子处理熟土豆的动作要求。 5．Can you ________ ________ the tomatoes? (切碎) 【答案】 cut up 【详解】句意：你能把这些西红柿切碎吗？根据汉语提示“切碎”可知，此处应填动词短语cut up。情态动词Can后接动词原形，故填cut up。 6．We need to ________ the vegetables in a bowl.（搅拌蔬菜） 【答案】mix 【详解】句意：我们需要在碗里搅拌蔬菜。固定搭配need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，to后面接动词原形，中文提示为“搅拌蔬菜”，mix表示“搅拌”，因此填mix。 7．Let’s ________ (煮) the potatoes for 10 minutes. 【答案】boil 【详解】句意：我们把土豆煮10分钟吧。“煮”对应英文为动词boil，使役动词let后接动词原形。 8．Can I add a tablespoon of ________ (黄油) to the mashed potatoes? 【答案】butter 【详解】句意：我可以往土豆泥里加一勺黄油吗？根据汉语提示“黄油”，butter表示黄油，为不可数名词，此处直接填写原形，故填butter。 9．Do you know how to make ________ (奶酪)? 【答案】cheese 【详解】句意：你知道怎么制作奶酪吗？句中make后接名词作宾语，“奶酪”对应的英文单词是cheese，它是不可数名词，不需要变形，故填cheese。 10．My mother usually puts some ________ (菜椒) in the dishes. 【答案】peppers 【详解】句意：我妈妈通常在菜里放一些菜椒。some后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词；pepper表示“菜椒”，是可数名词，所以变为复数peppers。故填peppers。 2、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 11．There isn’t much ________ (cheese) left in the fridge. 【答案】cheese 【详解】句意：冰箱里剩下的奶酪不多了。cheese意为“奶酪”，是不可数名词，无复数形式。故填cheese。 12．The milk is ________ (freshly), but the bottle is dirty. 【答案】fresh 【详解】句意：这牛奶很新鲜，但瓶子很脏。句中be动词is后需要用形容词作表语，freshly是副词，它对应的形容词是fresh，故填fresh。 13．Would you like me ________ (help) you set the table? 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：你想让我帮你摆餐具吗？固定搭配would like sb. to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”，此处需要填动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to help。 14．Don’t forget ________ (add) some green onions before serving. 【答案】to add 【详解】句意：别忘了在端上（这道菜）之前加一些葱花。 forget后可接两种非谓语结构：forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要去做某事”，即该动作还未发生；forget doing sth. 表示“忘记做过某事”，即动作已经完成了。本句是提醒对方在上菜之前别忘了要加葱，“加葱”这个动作还没有发生，故填to add。 15．How many ________ (pancake) would you like to order? 【答案】pancakes 【详解】句意：你想要点多少薄煎饼？how many后接可数名词复数，pancake表示“薄煎饼”，是可数名词，它的复数形式为pancakes，故填pancakes。 16．I’m full. I don’t feel like ________ (eat) anything else. 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：我饱了，不想再吃别的东西了。eat“吃”，动词；feel like doing sth.意为“想要做某事”，like是介词，后面接动名词形式eating作宾语。 17．He usually ________ (mix) milk and coffee in the morning. 【答案】mixes 【详解】句意：他通常在早上把牛奶和咖啡混合在一起。“usually”提示，句子描述经常性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是He，谓语动词用第三人称单数，mix的第三人称单数形式为mixes。 18．There are some ________ (tomato) and carrots in the fridge. 【答案】tomatoes 【详解】句意：冰箱里有一些西红柿和胡萝卜。句中some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，tomato是可数名词，其复数形式为tomatoes。 19．Eating too much ________ (salt) food is not good for our health. 【答案】salty 【详解】句意：吃太多咸的食物对我们的健康不好。句中“food”为名词，名词前需要用形容词作定语修饰，salt是名词，其形容词形式为salty。 20．What did you ________ (do with) the old clothes in your closet? 【答案】do with 【详解】句意：你怎么处理衣柜里的旧衣服？本句是一般过去时的特殊疑问句，助动词did后面要接动词原形，do with意为“处理”。故填do with。 三、单项选择 21．________ terrible weather! We have to stay at home. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：多么糟糕的天气啊！我们不得不待在家里。句子是感叹句，感叹句由what或how引导，what引导的感叹句中心词是名词；how引导的感叹句中心词是形容词或副词，本句中心词是“weather”，用what引导感叹句，排除选项B和D；weather是不可数名词，不能加冠词a，排除选项C，本句结构应为“What+形容词+不可数名词!”。 22．—What ________ foggy weather! —How terrible! When can we see ________ clear blue sky? A．a ; / B．/ ; a C．a; a D．the; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——好大的雾！ ——太糟糕了！我们什么时候能看见一片晴朗的蓝天？第一空：weather是不可数名词，what引导感叹句，不可数名词前面不加a/an。第二空：a clear blue sky表示“一片晴朗的蓝天”。sky前面有形容词修饰时，可当作可数名词，用a。应填/；a。 23．—How do you make apple pie? —First, ________ the apples and then mix them with sugar. A．wash B．washes C．washing D．to wash 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你怎么做苹果派？——首先，清洗苹果，然后把它们和糖混合在一起。根据“First”以及“and then mix…” 可知，这是祈使句，应该以动词原形开头，用来讲述制作苹果派的步骤。wash是动词原形。 24．My sister likes eating ________ but she doesn’t like ________ soup. A．tomato; tomato B．tomatoes; tomatoes C．tomatoes; tomato D．tomato; tomatoes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妹妹喜欢吃西红柿，但她不喜欢西红柿汤。tomato西红柿（单数）；tomatoes西红柿（复数）。第一空表示“喜欢吃西红柿”，泛指一类，可数名词用复数tomatoes；第二空“西红柿汤”中，名词作定语修饰soup，通常用单数tomato，应填tomatoes；tomato。 25．—________ salt do you want? —Just a little. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How often 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你想要多少盐？——一点点就好。 How many用于询问可数名词的数量；How much用于询问不可数名词的数量或价格；How long用于询问时间长短或物体长度；How often用于询问动作发生的频率。根据答语“Just a little”以及salt是不可数名词可知，此处询问不可数名词的数量，应填How much。 26．We need ________ yogurt to make the salad. A．two cup of B．two cups of C．two cup D．two cups 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要两杯酸奶来做沙拉。cup杯子。two后cup要变为cups，不可数名词yogurt要借助of表示所属，two cups of表示“两杯……”，因此填two cups of。 27．You should not add too much oil ________ the pan when cooking. A．in B．to C．on D．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：烹饪时你不应该在锅里放太多的油。in在……里；to朝，向；on在……上；with和。add sth. to sth.意为“把某物添加到某物中”，是固定短语。 28．—Can you tell me ________ these books? —You can ________ the books. Someone needs them. A．how to do with; give to B．what to do with; give away C．how to deal with; give to D．what to deal with; give away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎么处理这些书吗？——你可以把这些书捐赠出去。有人需要它们。how to do with搭配不当；give to送给；what to do with怎么处理；give away捐赠；how to deal with怎么处理；what to deal with搭配不当。do with处理，常与what搭配；deal with处理，常与how搭配；故排除A和D；此处指把书捐赠出去，用give away。应填what to do with；give away。 29．Can you tell me ________ make a fruit salad? A．how B．how to C．what to D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我如何制作水果沙拉吗？how如何；what什么。此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”用作宾语，how to do sth.“如何做某事”，what to do后面不能再接宾语，本句后面有make a fruit salad，因此用how to。应填how to。 30． To make your DIY better, you should not start ________ you get all the tools ready. A．when B．while C．before D．after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了让你的DIY作品更好，在准备好所有工具之前你不应该开始。 when当……时；while当……时候；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“you get all the tools ready”可知，应是在准备好工具之前不要开始，not...before...表示“在……之前不……”。应填before。 四、完形填空 通读下面的短文, 然后从后面各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Archie was new in town, and he had no friends here. His birthday was coming. He wanted to have a big party, but he was 31 that other kids would not come to his party. One week 32 the birthday party, Archie and his 33 went to Benny’s Pizza Store. It had the best pizza in town. Archie ordered a large pizza. He 34 it very much. Suddenly, Archie got a great idea. “Will you teach me to 35 pizza?” he asked Benny. Benny was very 36 . “He may not have time to teach you,” said Archie’s father. “But 37 loves his pizza!” said Archie. “ 38 I can cook pizza like him, I’ll be the most popular boy in the school.” “I will help you,” said Benny. “Come here after school every day and you can learn to make it 39 !” Archie decided to have a 40 . After that, he went to Benny’s Pizza Store every day after school. Benny taught him how to make pizza. 41 , he could make very good pizza. Archie told the kids in the school that his party would have pizza from Benny’s. Everyone was 42 . But when they came to Archie’s 43 , Benny wasn’t there. However, they saw Archie 44 pizza himself. The kids didn’t believe that Archie could make pizza. But when Archie took the pizza out of the oven (烤箱), everyone agreed the pizza 45 just like Benny’s. It might be a little bit better. 31．A．surprised B．sad C．glad D．afraid 32．A．at B．before C．without D．after 33．A．guest B．father C．friend D．headmaster 34．A．refused B．minded C．enjoyed D．prepared 35．A．catch B．hang C．print D．cook 36．A．lazy B．busy C．available D．easy 37．A．nobody B．anyone C．someone D．everyone 38．A．Until B．Although C．But D．If 39．A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 40．A．try B．talk C．walk D．trip 41．A．Finally B．Probably C．Firstly D．Hardly 42．A．scared B．worried C．interested D．bored 43．A．house B．hotel C．restaurant D．store 44．A．eating B．making C．selling D．buying 45．A．sounded B．watched C．looked D．heard 【答案】 31．D 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．B 37．D 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．A 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文讲述了新到镇上的Archie为了在生日聚会上交到朋友，向Benny学习做披萨，最终在聚会上亲手做出美味披萨并获得大家认可的故事。 【详解】31．句意：他想举办一个盛大的派对，但他害怕其他孩子不会来参加他的派对。 根据“he had no friends here”和“other kids would not come to his party”可知，Archie担心没人来，afraid“害怕的”符合语境。surprised“惊讶的”；sad“悲伤的”；glad“高兴的”，均不符合担心没人来参加派对的语境。 32．句意：生日派对前一周，Archie和他的爸爸去了Benny的披萨店。 根据“One week...the birthday party”可知，这里指派对之前的一周，before“在……之前”符合语境。at“在”；without“没有”；after“在……之后”，均不符合“派对前一周”的时间表达。 33．句意：生日派对前一周，Archie和他的爸爸去了Benny的披萨店。 根据下文“said Archie’s father”可知，和Archie一起去的是他爸爸，father“爸爸”符合语境。guest“客人”；friend“朋友”；headmaster“校长”，均不符合后文出现的Archie’s father。 34．句意：他非常喜欢它。 根据“It had the best pizza in town.”可知，Archie很喜欢这家的披萨，enjoyed“喜欢”符合语境。refused“拒绝”；minded“介意”；prepared“准备”，均不符合对最好吃的披萨的喜爱。 35．句意：“你能教我做披萨吗？”他问Benny。 根据下文“Benny taught him how to make pizza.”可知，Archie想学做披萨，cook“烹饪；做”符合语境。catch“抓住”；hang“悬挂”；print“打印”，均不符合学做披萨的语境。 36．句意：Benny很忙。 根据下文“He may not have time to teach you”可知，Benny很忙，busy“忙碌的”符合语境。lazy“懒惰的”；available“有空的”；easy“容易的”，均不符合“可能没时间教你”的语境。 37．句意：“但每个人都喜欢他的披萨！”Archie说。 根据“But...loves his pizza!”可知，每个人都喜欢Benny的披萨，everyone“每个人”符合语境。nobody“没有人”；anyone“任何人”；someone“某人”，均不符合“都喜欢他的披萨”的语境。 38．句意：如果我能像他那样做披萨，我就会成为学校里最受欢迎的孩子。 根据“I can cook pizza like him, I’ll be the most popular boy in the school”可知，这里表示条件，If“如果”符合语境。Until“直到”；Although“虽然”；But“但是”，均不符合条件状语从句的语境。 39．句意：每天放学后到这里来，你就能学会自己做！ 根据“Come here after school every day and you can learn to make it...!”可知，Benny让Archie自己学会做披萨，yourself“你自己”符合语境。myself“我自己”；herself“她自己”；himself“他自己”，均不符合Benny对Archie说话的语境。 40．句意：Archie决定试一试。 根据“After that, he went to Benny’s Pizza Store every day after school.”可知，Archie决定尝试学做披萨，try“尝试”符合语境。talk“谈话”；walk“走”；trip“旅行”，均不符合决定学做披萨的语境。 41．句意：最后，他能做出非常好的披萨了。 根据“Benny taught him how to make pizza.”和“he could make very good pizza”可知，经过学习后最终学会了，Finally“最后”符合语境。Probably“可能”；Firstly“首先”；Hardly“几乎不”，均不符合经过学习后取得成果的语境。 42．句意：每个人都很感兴趣。 根据“Archie told the kids in the school that his party would have pizza from Benny’s.”可知，孩子们对Benny家的披萨很感兴趣，interested“感兴趣的”符合语境。scared“害怕的”；worried“担心的”；bored“无聊的”，均不符合对美味披萨的期待。 43．句意：但当他们来到Archie家时，Benny不在那里。 根据“when they came to Archie’s..., Benny wasn’t there”可知，孩子们来到Archie家参加派对，house“家”符合语境。hotel“旅馆”；restaurant“餐馆”；store“商店”，均不符合举办生日派对的场所。 44．句意：然而，他们看到Archie自己在做披萨。 根据“they saw Archie...pizza himself”和下文“Archie took the pizza out of the oven”可知，Archie自己在做披萨，making“制作”符合语境。eating“吃”；selling“卖”；buying“买”，均不符合从烤箱取出披萨的语境。 45．句意：但当Archie把披萨从烤箱里拿出来时，每个人都同意这披萨看起来就像Benny做的一样。 look just like“看起来就像”为固定搭配，looked符合语境。sounded“听起来”；watched“观看”；heard“听到”，均不符合“看起来像Benny做的披萨”的语境。 五、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 In 1853, a rich man was on holiday in Saratoga Springs, New York. One night, he went to a restaurant to have dinner. He 46 at the menu and ordered a plate of fried (油炸的) potatoes. After a while, 47 dish was given to the man. But he didn’t like it because he thought the potatoes 48 too thick (厚的) and not crispy (脆的) enough. So he sent 49 back to the kitchen. George Crum was the cook of that restaurant. After knowing that, he cut the potatoes 50 and sent them to that man again. 51 the man still thought the potatoes were not thin enough. Crum got unhappy and decided 52 him a lesson. He cut the potatoes much thinner and cooked them for a long time. After they became crispy, he put some salt 53 them and served the new dish to the man personally. To his surprise, the man liked the new dish very much. And 54 people wanted to try it. Soon the potato chips became popular in the world. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell this kind of potato chips, so people 55 buy them easily. 46．A．look B．looks C．is looking D．looked 47．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 48．A．are B．were C．is D．was 49．A．their B．theirs C．they D．them 50．A．thinner B．thinnest C．longer D．longest 51．A．And B．Or C．But D．So 52．A．teach B．to teach C．solve D．to solve 53．A．on B．from C．during D．at 54．A．few B．little C．many D．much 55．A．must B．should C．need D．could 【答案】 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了1853年一位富人在度假时点炸土豆片嫌厚，厨师乔治·克拉姆反复切薄、油炸，最终意外发明了薯片并使其风靡世界的故事。 【详解】46．句意：他看了看菜单，点了一盘油炸土豆。 上文“went to a restaurant”为过去时，此处“看菜单”与“点菜”为先后发生的过去动作，应用一般过去时，looked符合语境。look（动词原形）、looks（三单现在时）、is looking（现在进行时）均不符。 47．句意：过了一会儿，这道菜被端给了那个人。 上文已提及“ordered a plate”，此处再次指代同一盘土豆，应用定冠词the表特指。a（不定冠词，表泛指）、an（用于元音音素前）、/（零冠词）均不符。 48．句意：但他不喜欢，因为他认为土豆太厚且不够脆。 主句“thought”为过去时，宾语从句时态需与主句一致，应用一般过去时；主语potatoes为复数，be动词用were。are（现在时）、is（单数现在时）、was（单数过去时）均不符。 49．句意：于是他把它们送回厨房。 此处作动词sent的宾语，指代前文的“土豆片”，应用人称代词宾格them。their（形容词性物主代词）、theirs（名词性物主代词）、they（主格）均不符。 50．句意：得知后，他把土豆切得更薄，再次送给那个人。 上文富人说“too thick”，乔治应切得更薄以回应要求，thin的比较级thinner符合语境；thinnest（最高级，表最薄，无需比较）、longer/ longest（更长/最长，与“厚薄”无关）均不符。 51．句意：但那个人仍然觉得土豆不够薄。 上文乔治已切薄一次，对方仍不满意，前后为转折关系，应用But。And（并列）、Or（选择）、So（因果）均不符。 52．句意：克拉姆不高兴，决定给他一个教训。 decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，应用不定式to teach；teach him a lesson为固定短语，意为“给他一个教训”。solve“解决”与“教训”不搭配，虽形式为不定式但语义不符。 53．句意：他把一些盐撒在它们上面，亲自把新菜端给那个人。 put salt on...为固定搭配，表示“把盐撒在……表面”。from（从）、during（在……期间）、at（在……地点/时间）均不符。 54．句意：而且许多人想尝试它。 people为可数名词复数，应用many修饰，表示“许多人”。few（表否定“很少”）、little（修饰不可数名词）、much（修饰不可数名词）均不符。 55．句意：克拉姆开了自己的餐厅卖这种薯片，所以人们可以更容易地买到它们。 前文“opened his own restaurant”使购买成为可能，应用could表示“能够”。must（必须）、should（应该）、need（需要）均不符语境。 六、完成句子 56．The air-conditioned classrooms are really comfortable. (改成感叹句) ________ ________ the air-conditioned classrooms are! 【答案】 How comfortable 【详解】句意：有空调的教室真的很舒服。How和What都可以引导感叹句，但本句中心词是形容词comfortable，应用How引导，结构为How+形容词+主语+谓语。故填How；comfortable。 57．The girl runs fast. (改感叹句) ________ ________ the girl runs! 【答案】 How fast 【详解】句意：这个女孩跑得很快。本句要改为感叹句，修饰副词fast要用How引导感叹句，结构为“How+副词+主语+谓语！”。故填How；fast。 58．自然保护区在保护大熊猫方面起着多么重要的作用啊！ ________ ________ ________ ________ nature reserves play in protecting giant pandas! 【答案】 What an important role 【详解】原句中“多么重要的作用”是关键词，“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语”是感叹句的常用结构，其中“play a role in”是固定短语，意为“在……方面起作用”，此处“important”是元音音素开头，不定冠词用“an”，对应原句“多么重要的作用”的语义，因此依次填入What、an、important、role。 59．________ ________ potatoes do we need for the soup? （做这道汤我们需要多少土豆?） 【答案】 How many 【详解】原句中“多少”是关键词，修饰可数名词复数potatoes，表示“多少”的是How many。how many用于提问可数名词的数量，后面接可数名词复数；how much用于提问不可数名词的数量。potatoes是potato的复数形式，所以用How many，句首单词首字母大写。应填How；many。 60．我们能在烤箱中烘焙这些土豆泥吗? Can we ________ these ________ ________ in the oven? 【答案】 bake mashed potatoes 【详解】原句中“烘焙”和“土豆泥”是关键词。第一空对应题干中文里的动作“烘焙”，常用英文动词bake表示“（用烤箱）烘烤、烘焙”，设空处在情态动词can后需要填入动词原形。第二空和第三空对应中文里的“土豆泥”，对应的固定英文表达是mashed potatoes：其中mashed是形容词，含义是“捣烂的、捣成泥状的”，用来修饰名词potatoes，是描述土豆泥的标准常用搭配。故填bake；mashed；potatoes。 61．生活真棒啊！ _______ ________ life is! 【答案】 How great 【详解】原句中“真棒”为关键词。由后半部分“life is”可知此处用How引导的感叹句，句型为“How+形容词+主谓”。“棒的”用形容词great，句首单词首字母大写。故填How；great。 62．把这些黄瓜切成薄片。 ________ these cucumbers ________ thin slices. 【答案】 Cut into 【详解】原句中“把……切成……”是关键词，“把……切成……”对应的常用短语为cut...into...，本句为祈使句，需以动词原形开头，且句首首字母大写，故填Cut；into。 63．把牛奶倒入这个瓶子里。 ________ the milk ________ this bottle. 【答案】 Pour into 【详解】原句中“把……倒入……”是关键词，表示“把……倒入……（液体类）”的标准短语是pour...into...。本句是祈使句，需要用动词原形开头，句首的pour首字母大写，故填Pour；into。 64．我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。 I don’t know what to ________ ________ these old books. 【答案】 do with 【详解】原句中“处理”是关键词，对应动词短语do with，和疑问词what搭配使用，空前to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。 65．请帮我将鸡肉和洋葱混合在一起。 Please help me ________ the chicken ________ the onion. 【答案】 mix with 【详解】原句中“将……和……混合在一起”是关键词，用固定搭配mix… with…表示。help sb. do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填mix；with。 七、补全对话 根据对话情景，填入合适句子，使对话意思完整通顺，围绕烹饪步骤、食材询问、感叹评价展开。 A: Hi, Linda! You are good at cooking. 66 ? B: Sure! I can teach you to make tomato and egg soup. It’s easy. A: Great! 67 ? B: We need two tomatoes, one egg and some salt and oil. A: Got it. 68 ? B: First, wash and cut up the tomatoes. Then boil some water. A: What should we do next? B: Pour the egg into the water and add the tomatoes. Cook for five minutes. A: 69 ! It smells so good. B: Thank you. Finally, add a little salt. A: OK! 70 after finishing it? B: Of course! We can enjoy the delicious soup together. 【答案】66．Can you teach me to cook a simple dish 67．What ingredients do we need 68．What are the first steps 69．What a wonderful smell 70．Can we taste it 【导语】本文是一段关于学做番茄鸡蛋汤的对话，A向擅长烹饪的Linda请教，依次询问教学、食材、步骤，最后赞叹香味并询问能否品尝。 【详解】66．A夸赞Linda擅长做饭，下文Linda回答能教对方做番茄鸡蛋汤，此处用问句“Can you teach me to cook a simple dish”引出请求，衔接下文答语。 67．下文B回答介绍需要的食材，故本空使用“What ingredients do we need”询问需要什么食材，呼应答语内容。 68．下文B用“First…Then…”讲解第一步操作，因此本空用“What are the first steps”询问第一步怎么做，引出烹饪步骤。 69．后文在赞叹汤的香气，本空填“What a wonderful smell”，用来发出感叹，和后一句对气味的评价呼应。 70．下文B回答表示同意一起享受美味的汤，本空“Can we taste it”询问做完之后能不能尝一尝，逻辑匹配下文答复。 八、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 enjoy  relax  start  spend  like  make  feel  taste  because  do Everyone has their own way to 71 . For me, I 72 to cook delicious food in my free time. I 73 cooking when I was nine years old. My mom is a good cook, and I 74 about one hour learning to make a dish every weekend. My best friend Emma loves to 75 fruit salads. She 76 making them for her family every Sunday. She says it makes her 77 warm and helps her show her love to others. Tom’s favorite way is to 78 different foods in restaurants. He does it 79 he wants to get new ideas for cooking. No matter what we 80 to relax, the most important thing is to enjoy it. 【答案】 71．relax 72．like 73．started 74．spend 75．make 76．enjoys 77．feel 78．taste 79．because 80．do 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了不同的人有不同的放松方式，作者喜欢烹饪，朋友Emma喜欢做水果沙拉，Tom喜欢品尝美食，最后指出无论做什么放松，享受过程最重要。 【详解】71．句意：每个人都有自己的放松方式。way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式”，to后接动词原形。下文具体介绍了放松的方式，relax“放松”是动词，符合句意。 72．句意：对我来说，我喜欢在空闲时间烹饪美味的食物。句子描述现在的喜好，用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。like to do sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，填动词原形即可。 73．句意：我九岁时开始烹饪。句中时间状语是“when I was nine years old”，动词要用过去式，start doing sth.“开始做某事”，符合“我九岁开始做饭”的语境，start的过去式是started。 74．句意：我的妈妈是一个好厨师，每个周末我花大约一个小时学习做一道菜。根据“every weekend”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，所以填spend。 75．句意：我最好的朋友Emma喜欢做水果沙拉。make fruit salads是固定搭配，意为“做水果沙拉”，love to do sth.中to后用动词原形。 76．句意：她每个星期天都喜欢为家人做它们。主语She是第三人称单数，every Sunday表明时态为一般现在时，结合语境“喜欢做沙拉”，方框内的enjoy符合，变为第三人称单数形式enjoys。 77．句意：她说这让她感到温暖，并帮助她向他人展示爱。make sb do sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，此处表示“感到温暖”，用feel。 78．句意：Tom最喜欢的方式是在餐馆品尝不同的食物。此处需用动词原形，结合语境，在餐馆是品尝食物，taste符合语义，to后接动词原形。 79．句意：他这样做是因为他想获得烹饪的新想法。前后句是因果关系，后句解释原因，用because引导原因状语从句。 80．句意：无论我们做什么来放松，最重要的是享受它。主语是we，时态为一般现在时，what引导的宾语从句中谓语动词用原形，此处表示“无论做什么”，do符合语境。 九、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Shaomai, a 81 (tradition) Chinese food, is loved by many people. Shaomai 82 (start) in the city of Hohhot in the 17th century. Some old records show that 83 (serve) shaomai was common to see in tea houses. There is also a story about it. Once two brothers sold baozi in their shop, but later, the elder brother and his wife took over the shop. And the younger brother became a 84 (wait). He created a new kind of baozi 85 (make) his own money. It had a 86 (thin) wrapper (皮) than baozi and an open top. They called it “Shaomai (捎卖)” because it was “sold on the side” at first. Later, the first character in the name was changed but 87 (it) sound was kept. Today, shaomai 88 (become) popular across China. The ways 89 making it are almost the same. It is usually made with a thin wrapper. Pork, chicken, beef and many other ingredients (食材) are used in the filling. However, different parts of China have different styles of shaomai. People in the south sometimes make it with shrimp (虾) or crab roe (蟹黄). People in the north use more onion 90 ginger (姜). Do you love eating shaomai? 【答案】 81．traditional 82．started 83．serving 84．waiter 85．to make 86．thinner 87．its 88．has become 89．of 90．and 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统美食烧卖的起源历史（17世纪起源于呼和浩特）、相关民间传说，以及如今在中国南北各地不同的制作风味特点。 【详解】81．句意：烧卖，一种传统的中式食物，深受许多人喜爱。此处修饰名词Chinese food，需将名词tradition变为形容词traditional，意为“传统的”。 82．句意：烧卖起源于17世纪的呼和浩特市。根据时间状语in the 17th century，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，start的过去式是started。 83．句意：一些旧记录显示，在茶馆里看到供应烧卖是很常见的。此处作宾语从句的主语，需将动词serve变为动名词serving。 84．句意：而弟弟变成了一个服务员。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，此处表示“服务员”，将动词wait变为名词waiter。 85．句意：他创造了一种新式包子来自己赚钱。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示他发明这种新式包子的目的是自己赚钱，填to make。 86．句意：它的皮比包子薄，而且顶部是开口的。根据后面的than可知，此处要用形容词比较级，thin的比较级是thinner，表示烧卖的皮比包子皮更薄。 87．句意：后来，名称中的第一个字被更改了，但其发音得以保留。此处修饰名词sound，需用形容词性物主代词its，指代烧卖名字的发音。 88．句意：如今，烧卖在中国各地广受欢迎。根据语境“如今烧卖已经在全国流行”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语shaomai是单数，助动词用has，become的过去分词是become。 89．句意：制作它的方法几乎是一样的。固定搭配the ways of doing sth.表示“做某事的方法”，填介词of。 90．句意：北方人用更多的洋葱和姜。此处onion和ginger是并列的食材，用并列连词and连接。 十、任务型阅读 Ice cream is a delicious treat that many people love. But do you know how milk turns into ice cream? Let’s see the process step by step. On the farm, cows eat lots of food and drink a lot of water. They help cows produce milk. A healthy cow can make about one hundred glasses of milk each day. That is really amazing! Next, trucks come to pick up the fresh milk. These trucks have big tanks to keep the milk cold. Then they drive the milk to factories. In the factory, workers start by separating the milk into cream and skim milk (脱脂牛奶). After that, they mix cream, milk, sugar and other things like chocolate or vanilla flavour. The mixture is heated to kill any germs. Then it is cooled down. A machine whips (搅打) the mix to make it smooth. Now it is time to add flavorings (调味香料). Fruit, nuts or biscuits can be added too. This makes the ice cream taste even better. After adding flavors, the ice cream is cooled again. Now it becomes very hard and ready to eat. Finally, trucks take the ice cream to shops. Now you can buy it and enjoy this sweet treat! Learning about how milk becomes ice cream is interesting. It shows how food is made with care. Next time you eat ice cream, you will know more about its journey from farm to your mouth! 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 91．What helps cows produce milk? 92．How do trucks keep the milk cold during transportation? 93．Why do they heat the mixture in the factory? 94．What may Step 2 be according to paragraph 4? 95．What does the writer think of learning about food making? 【答案】 91． Lots of food and water. 92． With big tanks. 93． To kill any germs. 94． Mixing. 95．It is interesting. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了牛奶变成冰淇淋的制作过程。 【详解】91．第二段“On the farm, cows eat lots of food and drink a lot of water. They help cows produce milk.”已点明是什么帮助奶牛产奶。故填Lots of food and water. 92．第三段“These trucks have big tanks to keep the milk cold.”已点明卡车在运输过程中如何保持牛奶低温。故填With big tanks. 93．第四段“The mixture is heated to kill any germs.”已点明在工厂里加热混合物的原因。故填To kill any germs. 94．第四段“In the factory, workers start by separating the milk into cream and skim milk… After that, they mix cream, milk, sugar and other things… The mixture is heated…”已点明第二步是混合。故填Mixing. 95．最后一段“Learning about how milk becomes ice cream is interesting.”指出作者认为了解食物制作过程是很有趣的。故填It is interesting. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $