专题21 语法填空之科技与发明篇-备战2026年高考英语一轮复习零失误必刷题（高考真题+拔高创新创新模拟）

专题21 语法填空之科技与发明 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2024·广东江苏·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 2.（2022·北京·高考真题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 11   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 12 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 13 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 3.（2020·全国I卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 14 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 15 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 16 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 17 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 18 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 19 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 20 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 21 (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 22 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 23 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 4.（2020·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years 24 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 25 (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food. In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since. Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce 26 else which we would be lost without — glass. How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don’t think much about them, 27 we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II. Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting 28 first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 29 (early) examples are knitted socks! Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!  Time flies and we spend a lot of time 30 (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible 31 clocks and watches, 32 are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch — face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, 33 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 5.（2014·上海·高考真题） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is 34 electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine 35 (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, 36 is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by 37 . The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far 38 (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains 39 (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, 40 (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 41 these villages without a local shop. 二 创新基础练 1.（2025·宁夏银川·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way. Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope 7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9 an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. 2.（2025·广西南宁·二模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China sent up its first Mars probe Tianwen I on Thursday, starting 11 series of key launch missions. It is expected 12 (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is much 13 (hard) compared to that to the moon. China’s Mars mission, 14 (design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface, indicates that the country’s exploration 15 (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the determination and perseverance of the Chinese nation in looking for scientific truth of the universe. Tianwen I has immediately grabbed people’s attention after its successful launch. 16 is reported that there are countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and the exploration of outer space. People’s 17 (curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are obviously aroused whenever the country makes breakthroughs in space exploration. What’s more, astronauts, scientists and engineers are 18 (increasing) becoming role models for more and more Chinese, especially young people. The “Mars fever” that has been aroused 19 (show) people’s desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations to discover more about the universe 20 we live. 3.（2025·湖北黄石·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s moon-landing spacesuit witnesses China’s commitment to innovation and precision engineering. Designed to tolerate the extreme lunar environment 21 severe temperatures, lack of the atmosphere and lasting radiation 22 (expose) bring significant challenges, the suit features multiple layers. The inner layer provides comfort to keep taikonauts (航天员) cool and dry, one of the middle layers maintains atmospheric pressure essential for survival, and the outer layer, made of strong and heat-resistant materials, 23 (safeguard) taikonauts from the tough lunar conditions. The suit is equipped with 24 (remark) features, one of which is its mobility. 25 the multiple layers and many protective elements, the suit remains flexible. The suit’s gloves, for example, are specially designed to allow for fine motor skills, making it easier for the taikonaut 26 (handle) tools and equipment. The suit marks 27 major breakthrough in space technology. It employs cutting-edge materials that 28 (perfect) since their development, including the use of smart materials that adapt to changing conditions for enhanced protection and comfort. The suit is also packed with high-tech communication and navigation systems, and a range of sensors and 29 (monitor) devices that provide real-time updates on the taikonaut’s health. As China continues to extend 30 (boundary) of space exploration, its moon-landing spacesuit will play an important role in the nation’s pursuit of knowledge and discovery. 4.（2025·山东青岛·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 French scientists at the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) are conducting testing on Chang’e-5 lunar samples, aiming to better understand the moon’s early origins and its 31 (form). As part of its April 24 announcement, the China National Space Administration allowed scientists from France, Germany and the US 32 (borrow) Chang’e-5 lunar samples, further expanding global access to lunar research materials. Frederic Moynier, a professor at IPGP, 33 (transport) the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from China to his lab in Paris. He emphasized 34 rarity of the samples collected from a northern region of the moon’s near side 35 had never been sampled before. According to Moynier, these samples show that volcanic activity on the moon existed longer than 36 (previous) thought. Using isotopic (同位素) analysis, he’s identifying origins of various elements 37 (contain) in the lunar soil. His goal is to compare these findings with other missions’ samples to fill gaps 38 the understanding of the moon’s history. Long Zhengyu, a Chinese PhD student at IPGP, pointed out that foreign 39 (laboratory) can provide analysis and testing conditions for the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from China. The project is more than just a scientific effort; it also 40 (serve) as a powerful example of global collaboration and knowledge-sharing. 5.（2025·湖北黄冈·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the assistance of the Queqiao 2 relay satellite, China’s Chang’e 6 41 (land) craft softly settled on the lunar surface at 6:23 am in a designated site inside the South Pole - Aitken Basin, the largest, oldest and deepest basin 42 (recognize) on the moon. The event marked the arrival of China’s and also the world’s second-ever spacecraft on the far side, which 43 (believe) by scientists to hold clues to many mysteries surrounding the moon and the solar system. In the next two days, the Chinese craft is set to use a 44 (robot) arm and a drill to collect surface and underground substances and then put them into 45 sealed container before elevating the precious materials into lunar orbit for a return journey. And the new samples will probably offer researchers around the globe useful keys to solving their questions about the moon and will likely bring a diversity of invaluable science 46 (payoff). 47 the last moment of the challenging operation, when the craft was several meters above the lunar surface, its main engine stopped, the craft activated a buffer system 48 it touched down smoothly on the lunar surface, becoming the second spacecraft 49 (arrive) on the lunar far side after China’s Chang’e 4, 50 achieved this action in January 2019. 三 高考模拟练 1.（2025·江西九江·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), China is steadily advancing its manned lunar exploration program. With all the research and construction work 51 (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach. Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket, Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 52 early prototyping (原型机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan’s Wenchang Space Launch Center, the construction of new facilities is underway 53 the ground-system designs have been finalized. Once 54 (realize), thus historic mission will make China the second nation to carry out crewed lunar landings after the US, significantly boosting 55 (it) global space standing. The mission involves two Long March 10 rocket 56 (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou from Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions, they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock. There, two crew members will transfer to the lander, 57 will then undock and implement an engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they will drive the Tansuo rover 58 (conduct) scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon 59 (complete) of their assignments, they will return to the lunar-orbiting spacecraft and eventually head back to Earth. Recently, to ensure this mission’s success, China 60 (select) its fourth group of astronauts, who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations. 2.（2025·四川宜宾·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shijian-19 is China’s first reusable and returnable test satellite. 61 (send) up on Sept. 27 and having returned to Earth safely, Shijian-19 has achieved 62 number of technological breakthroughs. The flight tests confirmed the satellite’s capacity as a high-performance reusable space platform and met all the expected technical 63 (standard). The Shijian-19 satellite, 64 (weigh) about 3, 500 kilograms, has different configurations (配置) for various mission requirements. This mission employed a “short-term” version designed for missions lasting about two weeks. A long-term configuration is capable 65 remaining in orbit longer to support extended experiments. The recoverable part can carry a payload of between 500 and 600 kilograms. With high microgravity levels and efficient performance, Shijian-19 typically 66 (serve) as a critical tool for space science research. It supports studies in areas such as microgravity science and space life science, offering timely and 67 (rely) results. Additionally, researchers used the satellite 68 (conduct) space breeding experiments, test new technologies, and further space science experiments. Shijian-19 also 69 (carry) several payloads for international cooperation, enhancing China’s role in global space exploration efforts. The Shijian-19 mission is part of China’s broader space program, 70 includes ambitious plans for deep space exploration, a range of experiments aboard the Tiangong space station, and advancements in reusable space technologies. 3.（2025·江苏盐城·三模） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists, their dream, 71 was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality. Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape the earths gravity. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 72 (send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon, 73 (say) “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 74 the great achievements, sometimes accidents did happen, resulting in huge losses. 75 , scientists are determined to further explore the universe. One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting the earth. 76 (compare) with the USSR and the US, China started later in its space program, but it has made huge progress. So far, several astronauts, including Yang Liwei, 77 (be) to space. China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, 78 (mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 79 space station. It 80 (believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the scientists all over the world. 4.（2025·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China launched the Shenzhou XIX manned spaceship on Wednesday. The crew members were fully trained and prepared, and the launch became 81 hit globally. Of the three astronauts, Wang Haoze, the only female space flight engineer in China currently, 82 (inspire) many Chinese netizens with her experiences and dedication since the launch. During her college years, she stood out 83 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Wang majored 84 power engineering at college. “From a rocket engine designer to a space flight engineer, my role has changed, 85 the initial spirit and mission of serving the country in space remains the same,” Wang said on Wednesday. As an engineer, Wang previously had no flight experience, 86 (make) the aerospace physiology tests (航空航天生理学测试) in the selection process particularly challenging. However, she was determined never to be the first one 87 (ring) the emergency bell. After nearly a thousand practices, 88 (equip) with what it took to be a qualified astronaut, she set out on her first space journey. Wang’s 89 (persevere) has inspired many netizens, some of 90 commented that Wang is surely working hard and paying a lot of effort. 5.（2025·河南·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The International Space Station (ISS) will continue orbiting Earth until at least 2030 91 a symbol of global scientific cooperation. The representatives from 15 countries signed an 92 (agree) last month, ensuring this unique laboratory remains operational despite previous concerns about funding. Since 93 (launch) in 1998, the ISS has hosted over 3,000 experiments 94 (range) from medical research to climate studies. Scientists argue that ending the program now would mean losing 95 (value) data critical for future Mars missions. “What we learn here can’t be found anywhere else,” said astronaut Samantha Carter. However, maintaining the station requires enormous effort. Each year, about 12 tons of supplies 96 (send) to the ISS through international transport missions. 97 (reduce)resupply needs, engineers are also developing new technologies, 98 can recycle 98% of the station’s water . Looking ahead, participating nations plan to focus on preparation for commercial space stations. Private companies like SpaceX and Boeing are 99 (current) designing capsule that may eventually replace the ISS. As the station’s commander remarked, “This isn’t the end, 100 a new beginning for space exploration.” - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题21 语法填空之科技与发明 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2024·广东江苏·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1．engineering 2．functional 3．to give 4．closed 5．walks 6．the 7．favorites 8．as 9．which/that 10．richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 8．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9．考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 2.（2022·北京·高考真题） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 11   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 12 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 13 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】11．supported 12．whether 13．has 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 12．考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 13．考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 3.（2020·全国I卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 14 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 15 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 16 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 17 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 18 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 19 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 20 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 21 (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 22 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 23 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】 14．touched 15．extremely 16．where 17．interest 18．than 19．to find 20．means 21．is constructed 22．much 23．its 【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 14．.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 15．考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。 16．考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 17．考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 18．考查介词。句意：因为它比近地面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 20．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。 21．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。 22．考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。 23．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 4.（2020·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years 24 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 25 (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food. In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since. Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce 26 else which we would be lost without — glass. How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don’t think much about them, 27 we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II. Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting 28 first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 29 (early) examples are knitted socks! Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!  Time flies and we spend a lot of time 30 (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible 31 clocks and watches, 32 are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch — face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, 33 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 【答案】 24．after 25．is used 26．something 27．do 28．which/that 29．earliest 30．checking 31．without 32．which 33．has remained 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类发展史上一些重要的发明：弓箭、罐、车轮、玻璃、锁和钥匙、编织、眼镜和钟表。 24．考查从属连词。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓和箭，在其被发明15000年后的今天，仍然在世界各地使用。弓箭在发明之后，沿用至今，设空处应用从属连词after，引导时间状语从句。故填after。 25．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当然，现在弓箭主要用于体育比赛，但在一些地方它仍然是一种猎杀动物的手段。设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语these days以及后半句的时态，此处应用一般现在时态；动词use与逻辑主语the bow and arrow为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语the bow and arrow说的是弓箭这个整体的意思，为单数，故be动词为is。故填is used。 26．考查不定代词。句意：大约1500年后，腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠制造出了别的我们不可或缺的东西——玻璃。设空处应填不定代词something，短语something else，意为“别的东西”符合句意。故填something。 27．考查反义疑问句。句意：我们真的没怎么想过他们，不是吗？此处为反义疑问句，前半句中有don’t，为否定句，后面的附加问句应用肯定形式，助动词应用do。故填do。 28．考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：另一项令人惊叹的发明，我们现在可能认为是理所当然的，就是编织技术，它首先出现在罗马帝国，大约1700年前。 the skill of knitting为先行词，为物，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，设空处应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 29．考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的例子是针织袜子！根据上一句“Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting 　　5　 first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago.(另一项令人惊叹的发明，我们现在可能认为是理所当然的，就是针织技术，它首先出现在罗马帝国，大约1700年前)”可知，“发明”应该是该物出现最早的时候，编织的手艺首次出现在1700年前的罗马帝国，最早的范例是织袜子。设空处前面的the，应与形容词最高级连用，early的最高级为earliest，作名词examples的前置定语。故填earliest。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：时间飞逝，我们花了很多时间检查我们还剩下多少时间！此处涉及动词短语spend...doing...，意为“花……时间做……”，设空处应填动名词形式。故填checking。 31．考查介词。句意：这一切都是不可能的，如果没有我们身边的钟表——它们在墙上，在我们的手腕上，在我们的电脑上，甚至在我们的手机和iPod上。句中的this指代的上一句内容we spend a lot of time checking how much time we have left，根据常识，查看时间需要用到时钟或者手表，没有时钟或手表将不可能查看时间，因此设空处应填介词without。故填without。 32．考查非限定性定语从句的关系代词。句意：这一切都是不可能的，如果没有我们身边的钟表——它们在墙上，在我们的手腕上，在我们的电脑上，甚至在我们的手机和iPod上。clocks and watches为先行词，为物，后接非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语，应填关系代词which。故填which。 33．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：330年前，英国的Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) 发明了第一块怀表，他的两根或三根指针围绕表盘运动的设计，一直以来基本没有改变。his watch-face design为主语，后接了介词短语作定语，设空处为谓语动词，时间状语in all that time，意为“一直以来”，表明：自从发明第一块怀表以来，设计一直保持不变的状态，可用现在完成时态；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has remained。 5.（2014·上海·高考真题） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is 34 electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine 35 (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, 36 is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by 37 . The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far 38 (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains 39 (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, 40 (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 41 these villages without a local shop. 【答案】34．an 35．is equipped 36．which 37．myself 38．more appropriate 39．has forced 40．urging 41．to 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事的项目，在没有商店的村子安装自动售货机，想给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。 34．考查不定冠词。句意：彼得・福克斯是一名电气工程师，他花了两年半的时间来做这个项目。分析句子可知，这里表示“一名电气工程师”，是泛指，且electrical 是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 35．考查时态语态。句意：这台机器配备了监控摄像头和警报器，看起来像一个带有砖砌前脸、灰色屋顶和展示窗的迷你商店。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，The machine和equip之间是被动关系，即机器被配备设备，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词使用is。故填is equipped。 36．考查定语从句。句意：福克斯先生说，他希望他的这项发明 —— 未来几个月将在该地区的其他村庄安装 —— 能标志着农村社区重新迎来便利购物。分析句子可知，“____is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词invention，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 37．考查反身代词。句意：几年前我就有了这个想法，但我找不到一个能提供我想要的东西的制造商，所以我自己做了。分析句子可知，这里考查“by oneself”表示 “独自地，靠自己”，这里指福克斯先生自己完成了这个项目。故填myself。 38．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，我认为“自动车间”这个词更为合适。结合语境可知，“我”认为使用automatic shop这个词比vending machine更合适，语意中存在逻辑上的比较关系，而且far可以用来修饰比较级，所以此空应使用形容词的比较级形式。故填more appropriate。 39．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，来自连锁超市的商业压力迫使全国各地的乡村商店关闭。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语the commercial pressure与force为主动关系，再根据该句中的In recent years时间状语可知，此处应为现在完成时，因为主语是pressure，为不可数名词，助动词使用has。故填has forced。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：2010年，据估计约有400家乡村商店关闭，这促使当地政府为陷入困境的商店提供财政支持或设立新的社区商店。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，urge的逻辑主语是前面整个句子，它们之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填urging。 41． 考查介词。句意：此后，数百个社区参与进来，开设了自己的志愿者经营的商店，但福克斯希望他的新发明能为这些没有当地商店的村庄提供解决方案。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语offer sth to sb.“提供某物给某人”，to是介词。故填to。 二 创新基础练 1.（2025·宁夏银川·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way. Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope 7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image) of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9 an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. 【答案】 1．discovered 2．what 3．dramatically 4．enabling 5．larger 6．it 7．was launched 8．images 9．at 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类自古痴迷夜空，望远镜的发明及哈勃、中国FAST望远镜的出现，极大增进了对宇宙的认知。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在中国三星堆考古遗址发现的古代蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像，被认为能够遥望星空。此空考查非谓语，statues与discover为逻辑被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填discovered。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：长期以来，人们无法理解自己所看到的东西。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，表“什么”。故填what。 3．考查副词。句意：当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索和理解太空的能力发生了巨大变化。修饰动词changed用副词dramatically，表“显著地”，作状语。故填dramatically。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它增强了人类的视力，使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。此空考查非谓语，It与enable为逻辑主动关系，该空后内容是前句造成的自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填enabling。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：它增强了人类的视力，使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。由than可知，这里应用形容词比较级larger，表“更大的”。故填larger。 6．考查形式主语。句意：很快人们就明白了，太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿恒星中的一颗。分析句子结构可知，句中真正主语是that引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语。故填it。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：第一台地基望远镜发明近400年后，哈勃太空望远镜被送入轨道。此空考查谓语动词，the Hubble Space Telescope与launch为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was launched。 8．考查名词复数。句意：它为天文学家——实际上是我们所有人——提供了第一批从地球之外拍摄的令人惊叹的宇宙图像。image，表“图像”，为可数名词，且由“the first breathtakingly beautiful”及语境可知，这里应用复数，表“第一批图像”。故填images。 9．考查介词。句意：不仅如此，它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现了宇宙正以不断加快的速度膨胀这一惊人事实。此空考查at a speed，为固定搭配，意为“以……速度”。故填at。 10．考查连词。句意：目前，中国拥有世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜——2016年建成的FAST望远镜。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列的形容词最高级，表并列关系，所以应用并列连词and。故填and。 2.（2025·广西南宁·二模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China sent up its first Mars probe Tianwen I on Thursday, starting 11 series of key launch missions. It is expected 12 (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is much 13 (hard) compared to that to the moon. China’s Mars mission, 14 (design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface, indicates that the country’s exploration 15 (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the determination and perseverance of the Chinese nation in looking for scientific truth of the universe. Tianwen I has immediately grabbed people’s attention after its successful launch. 16 is reported that there are countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and the exploration of outer space. People’s 17 (curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are obviously aroused whenever the country makes breakthroughs in space exploration. What’s more, astronauts, scientists and engineers are 18 (increasing) becoming role models for more and more Chinese, especially young people. The “Mars fever” that has been aroused 19 (show) people’s desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations to discover more about the universe 20 we live. 【答案】 11．a 12．to reach 13．harder 14．designed 15．has progressed 16．It 17．curiosity 18．increasingly 19．shows 20．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国发射首个火星探测器“天问一号”，开启一系列关键发射任务，还阐述了此次火星任务的难度及意义。 11．考查固定短语和冠词。句意：周四，中国发射了首个火星探测器“天问一号”，开启了一系列关键发射任务。a series of是固定短语，意为“一系列”。故填a。 12．考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：预计它将在大约七个月后到达火星。“sb./sth. be expected to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“预计某人/某事将……”，其中不定式作主语补足语；句中it指代上文“Tianwen I”。故填to reach。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：与月球任务相比，火星任务要困难得多。根据“compared to that to the moon”可知，这里是将火星任务和月球任务进行比较，应用形容词比较级harder作表语，意为“更困难”。故填harder。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的火星任务旨在绘制火星表面关键区域的地图，这表明中国在过去几年里的探索取得了迅速进展。“(design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface”作后置定语，design(计划，设计)与其逻辑主语China’s Mars mission之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填designed。 15．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国的火星任务旨在绘制火星表面关键区域的地图，这表明中国在过去几年里的探索取得了迅速进展。progress(进步，进展)作从句谓语，根据时间状语“in the past years”可知，描述过去持续到现在的行为，应用现在完成时态，主语exploration是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has progressed。 16．考查固定句型和形式主语。句意：据报道，“天问一号”成功发射后，人们对航天和外层空间探索的话题展开了无数讨论。“It is reported that...”是固定句型，意为“据报道……”，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填It。 17．考查名词。句意：每当国家在太空探索方面取得突破时，人们对未知事物的好奇心和对知识的渴望显然会被激发出来。提示词作主语，用名词curiosity，意为“好奇心”，是不可数名词。故填curiosity。 18．考查副词。句意：此外，宇航员、科学家和工程师正日益成为越来越多中国人，尤其是年轻人的榜样。提示词修饰动词becoming，用副词increasingly作状语，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”。故填increasingly。 19．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：引发的“火星热”表明人们渴望更多地了解太空，这需要更多的创新来探索我们生活的宇宙。show(表明)作主句谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语The ‘Mars fever’是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 20．考查定语从句。句意：引发的“火星热”表明人们渴望更多地了解太空，这需要更多的创新来探索我们生活的宇宙。“____ we live”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the universe，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 3.（2025·湖北黄石·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s moon-landing spacesuit witnesses China’s commitment to innovation and precision engineering. Designed to tolerate the extreme lunar environment 21 severe temperatures, lack of the atmosphere and lasting radiation 22 (expose) bring significant challenges, the suit features multiple layers. The inner layer provides comfort to keep taikonauts (航天员) cool and dry, one of the middle layers maintains atmospheric pressure essential for survival, and the outer layer, made of strong and heat-resistant materials, 23 (safeguard) taikonauts from the tough lunar conditions. The suit is equipped with 24 (remark) features, one of which is its mobility. 25 the multiple layers and many protective elements, the suit remains flexible. The suit’s gloves, for example, are specially designed to allow for fine motor skills, making it easier for the taikonaut 26 (handle) tools and equipment. The suit marks 27 major breakthrough in space technology. It employs cutting-edge materials that 28 (perfect) since their development, including the use of smart materials that adapt to changing conditions for enhanced protection and comfort. The suit is also packed with high-tech communication and navigation systems, and a range of sensors and 29 (monitor) devices that provide real-time updates on the taikonaut’s health. As China continues to extend 30 (boundary) of space exploration, its moon-landing spacesuit will play an important role in the nation’s pursuit of knowledge and discovery. 【答案】 21．where 22．exposure 23．safeguards 24．remarkable 25．Despite 26．to handle 27．a 28．have been perfected 29．monitoring 30．boundaries 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国登月宇航服的特点、技术突破及其在太空探索中的重要作用。 21．考查定语从句。句意：这款航天服旨在耐受极端的月球环境，在这种环境中，严峻的温度、缺乏大气层和持续的辐射暴露带来了重大挑战，它具有多层结构。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the extreme lunar environment，指物，关系词代替先行词从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 22．考查名词。句意同上。lasting radiation (expose)和名词短语severe temperatures和lack of the atmosphere并列一起作定语从句主语，用名词exposure“暴露”，故填exposure。 23．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：内层提供舒适感，使航天员保持凉爽干燥；中间层之一维持生存所需的大气压力；外层则由坚固耐热的材料制成，保护航天员免受恶劣的月球环境影响。本空为and后句子的谓语，根据前文谓语provides和maintains可知，此处描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the outer layer为第三人称单数，谓语用safeguard“保护”的第三人称单数。故填safeguards。 24．考查形容词。句意：这款宇航服配备了显著的特点，其中之一就是它的机动性。此处作定语，修饰名词features，需用形容词remarkable“显著的”，故填remarkable。 25．考查介词。句意：尽管有多层和许多保护元素，但这款宇航服仍然保持灵活。此处表示“尽管”，用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Despite。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，宇航服的手套经过特殊设计，可以允许进行精细的机械操作，使航天员更容易处理工具和设备。本句谓语为are designed，此处需用非谓语动词，“make it + adj + for sb. to do sth.”结构中，it为形式宾语，本空用handle“操纵”的不定式，作真正的宾语，故填to handle。 27．考查冠词。句意：这款宇航服标志着太空技术的一个重大突破。此处表示泛指“一个重大突破”，且major为辅音音素开头的单词，本空用不定冠词a。故填a。 28．考查动词时态和语态。句意：它采用了自开发以来不断完善的最先进材料，包括使用智能材料来适应不断变化的环境，以增强保护和舒适度。本空为that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语since their development可知，从句时态需用现在完成时，且从句主语that指代先行词materials与谓语动词perfect“完善”之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been perfected。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款宇航服还配备了高科技通信和导航系统，以及一系列传感器和监测设备，可以实时更新航天员的健康状况。本句谓语为is packed with，此处需用非谓语动词，逻辑主语devices与monitor“监测”为主动关系（设备执行监控功能），应用现在分词形式 monitoring，作定语。故填monitoring。 30．考查名词。句意：随着中国不断拓展太空探索的边界，其登月宇航服将在国家追求知识和发现的过程中发挥重要作用。此处作extend的宾语，需用名词boundary“边界”，且此处表示多个边界，故用复数形式，故填boundaries。 4.（2025·山东青岛·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 French scientists at the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) are conducting testing on Chang’e-5 lunar samples, aiming to better understand the moon’s early origins and its 31 (form). As part of its April 24 announcement, the China National Space Administration allowed scientists from France, Germany and the US 32 (borrow) Chang’e-5 lunar samples, further expanding global access to lunar research materials. Frederic Moynier, a professor at IPGP, 33 (transport) the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from China to his lab in Paris. He emphasized 34 rarity of the samples collected from a northern region of the moon’s near side 35 had never been sampled before. According to Moynier, these samples show that volcanic activity on the moon existed longer than 36 (previous) thought. Using isotopic (同位素) analysis, he’s identifying origins of various elements 37 (contain) in the lunar soil. His goal is to compare these findings with other missions’ samples to fill gaps 38 the understanding of the moon’s history. Long Zhengyu, a Chinese PhD student at IPGP, pointed out that foreign 39 (laboratory) can provide analysis and testing conditions for the Chang’e-5 lunar samples from China. The project is more than just a scientific effort; it also 40 (serve) as a powerful example of global collaboration and knowledge-sharing. 【答案】 31．formation 32．to borrow 33．transported 34．the 35．that/which 36．previously 37．contained 38．in 39．laboratories 40．serves 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中法科学家研究嫦娥五号月球样本，发现月球火山活动持续时间比此前认为的长，该项目是全球合作与知识共享的范例。 31．考查名词。句意：巴黎地球物理研究所（IPGP）的法国科学家们正在对嫦娥五号带回的月球样本进行测试，旨在更深入地了解月球的早期起源及其形成过程。作动词的宾语，用名词formation，不可数。故填formation。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：在 4 月 24 日的公告中，中国国家航天局允许来自法国、德国和美国的科学家借用嫦娥五号月球样本，这进一步扩大了全球对月球研究材料的获取权限。短语allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to borrow。 33．考查时态。句意：法国国家科学院地球物理研究所的弗雷德里克·莫伊尼尔教授将嫦娥五号带回的月球样本从中国运到了他在巴黎的实验室。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填transported。 34．考查冠词。句意：他强调，从月球近侧北部地区采集到的这些样本极为罕见，因为此前从未有过此类样本的采集记录。此处特指从月球近侧北部地区采集到的这些样本的罕见性，用定冠词the。故填the。 35．考查定语从句。句意：他强调，从月球近侧北部地区采集到的这些样本极为罕见，因为此前从未有过此类样本的采集记录。定语从句修饰先行词a northern region of the moon’s near side，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。 36．考查副词。句意：莫伊尼尔表示，这些样本表明月球上的火山活动持续的时间比之前所认为的要长。修饰动词thought用副词previously。故填previously。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过同位素分析，他正在确定月球土壤中各种元素的来源。此处为非谓语动词作定语，contain与逻辑主语elements构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填contained。 38．考查介词。句意：他的目标是将这些发现与其他任务所获取的样本进行对比，以填补对月球历史认知上的空白。短语fill gaps in表示“填补空缺”。故填in。 39．考查名词的数。句意：龙政宇是法国国家空间研究中心的一名中国博士生，他指出，外国实验室能够为来自中国的嫦娥五号月球样本提供分析和测试条件。laboratory为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处数量大于一用复数形式。故填laboratories。 40．考查时态。句意：该项目不仅仅是一项科学活动；它还成为了全球合作与知识共享的有力典范。根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故填serves。 5.（2025·湖北黄冈·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the assistance of the Queqiao 2 relay satellite, China’s Chang’e 6 41 (land) craft softly settled on the lunar surface at 6:23 am in a designated site inside the South Pole - Aitken Basin, the largest, oldest and deepest basin 42 (recognize) on the moon. The event marked the arrival of China’s and also the world’s second-ever spacecraft on the far side, which 43 (believe) by scientists to hold clues to many mysteries surrounding the moon and the solar system. In the next two days, the Chinese craft is set to use a 44 (robot) arm and a drill to collect surface and underground substances and then put them into 45 sealed container before elevating the precious materials into lunar orbit for a return journey. And the new samples will probably offer researchers around the globe useful keys to solving their questions about the moon and will likely bring a diversity of invaluable science 46 (payoff). 47 the last moment of the challenging operation, when the craft was several meters above the lunar surface, its main engine stopped, the craft activated a buffer system 48 it touched down smoothly on the lunar surface, becoming the second spacecraft 49 (arrive) on the lunar far side after China’s Chang’e 4, 50 achieved this action in January 2019. 【答案】 41．landing 42．recognized 43．is believed 44．robotic 45．a 46．payoffs 47．At 48．and 49．to arrive 50．which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号着陆器在鹊桥二号中继卫星的协助下，成功在月球南极-艾特肯盆地指定区域软着陆的情况，以及后续任务和此次任务的重要意义。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国鹊桥二号中继卫星的协助下，嫦娥六号登陆艇于上午6时23分在月球南极-艾特肯盆地内的指定地点轻柔地降落在月球表面，该盆地是月球上已知最大、最古老、最深的盆地。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词craft，此处介绍的是名词的功能，所以用动名词landing，landing craft表示“登陆艇”为固定短语。故填landing。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰basin，basin与recognize之间为被动关系，用过去分词recognized作后置定语。故填recognized。 43．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一事件标志着中国也是世界上第二个航天器到达月球背面，科学家们认为月球背面可能藏有许多关于月球和太阳系奥秘的线索。此处为定语从句中的谓语动词，主语which（指代the far side）与believe为被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填is believed。 44．考查形容词。句意：在接下来的两天里，这艘中国航天器将使用机械臂和钻头收集月球表面及地下物质，然后将其放入密封容器中，随后把这些珍贵物质提升至月球轨道，为返程做准备。修饰名词arm用形容词，robot的形容词为robotic意为“机器人的；机械的”符合句意。故填robotic。 45．考查冠词。句意：同上。container为单数可数名词，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一个密封容器”，且sealed以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 46．考查名词复数。句意：新样本可能为全球研究人员提供解决月球问题的有用线索，并可能带来多种宝贵的科学成果。payoff意为“成果”时为可数名词，a diversity of后接可数名词复数。故填payoffs。 47．考查介词。句意：在这次具有挑战性的任务的最后时刻，当探测器距离月球表面还有数米时，其主发动机停止工作，在探测器平稳着陆月球表面的过程中，激活了缓冲系统。该探测器成为继中国嫦娥四号于2019 年1月实现这一壮举后，第二艘抵达月球背面的航天器。固定搭配“at the last moment”意为“在最后时刻”符合句意，所以此处使用介词at，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填At。 48．考查连词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，“its main engine stopped”、“the craft activated a buffer system”以及空后的“it touched down smoothly”为顺承关系，用连词and连接三个并列动作，在最后一个前面使用连词and。故填and。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词，名词spacecraft前有序数词second修饰，后接不定式作后置定语。故填to arrive。 50．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chang’e 4，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 三 高考模拟练 1.（2025·江西九江·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), China is steadily advancing its manned lunar exploration program. With all the research and construction work 51 (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach. Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket, Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 52 early prototyping (原型机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan’s Wenchang Space Launch Center, the construction of new facilities is underway 53 the ground-system designs have been finalized. Once 54 (realize), thus historic mission will make China the second nation to carry out crewed lunar landings after the US, significantly boosting 55 (it) global space standing. The mission involves two Long March 10 rocket 56 (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou from Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions, they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock. There, two crew members will transfer to the lander, 57 will then undock and implement an engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they will drive the Tansuo rover 58 (conduct) scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon 59 (complete) of their assignments, they will return to the lunar-orbiting spacecraft and eventually head back to Earth. Recently, to ensure this mission’s success, China 60 (select) its fourth group of astronauts, who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations. 【答案】 51．progressing 52．the 53．and 54．realized 55．its 56．launches 57．which 58．to conduct 59．completion 60．has selected 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国载人月球探测计划的进展及未来任务安排。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着所有研究和建设工作按计划进行，到2030年将中国宇航员送上月球的任务指日可待。此处是with复合结构，work和progress之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填progressing。 52．考查冠词。句意：包括长征十号火箭、梦舟载人飞船、揽月登月舱、玉宇lunar suit和探索载人月球车等关键要素，目前处于早期原型机阶段。in the early prototyping phase “在早期原型机阶段”，特指这个阶段，用定冠词the。故填the。 53．考查连词。句意：与此同时，在海南文昌航天发射中心，新设施的建设正在进行中，地面系统的设计已经完成。前后两个分句之间为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦实现，这一历史性任务将使中国成为继美国之后第二个实现载人登月的国家，显著提升其全球太空地位。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主句一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。once引导的条件状语从句的完整形式为“Once the historic mission is realized”，所以省略了主语和be动词，剩下用过去分词作状语。故填realized。 55．考查代词。句意同上。此处限定名词standing，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 56．考查名词复数。句意：该任务涉及发射两枚长征10号火箭，将揽月和梦舟从文昌运送到月球轨道。launch为可数名词“发射”。根据two可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填launches。 57．考查定语从句。句意：在那里，两名宇航员将转移到着陆器上，着陆器随后将脱离对接并实施发动机辅助软着陆。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the lander，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：在月球上，他们将驾驶探索月球车执行科学任务并收集样本。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to conduct。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：完成任务后，他们将返回绕月轨道航天器，并最终返回地球。upon为介词，后接名词或作宾语，upon completion of“在…… 完成后”。故填completion。 60．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近，为了确保这次任务的成功，中国已经选出了第四批宇航员，他们目前正在为登月和月球表面行动进行训练。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据Recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语China为单数，助动词用has。故填has selected。 2.（2025·四川宜宾·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shijian-19 is China’s first reusable and returnable test satellite. 61 (send) up on Sept. 27 and having returned to Earth safely, Shijian-19 has achieved 62 number of technological breakthroughs. The flight tests confirmed the satellite’s capacity as a high-performance reusable space platform and met all the expected technical 63 (standard). The Shijian-19 satellite, 64 (weigh) about 3, 500 kilograms, has different configurations (配置) for various mission requirements. This mission employed a “short-term” version designed for missions lasting about two weeks. A long-term configuration is capable 65 remaining in orbit longer to support extended experiments. The recoverable part can carry a payload of between 500 and 600 kilograms. With high microgravity levels and efficient performance, Shijian-19 typically 66 (serve) as a critical tool for space science research. It supports studies in areas such as microgravity science and space life science, offering timely and 67 (rely) results. Additionally, researchers used the satellite 68 (conduct) space breeding experiments, test new technologies, and further space science experiments. Shijian-19 also 69 (carry) several payloads for international cooperation, enhancing China’s role in global space exploration efforts. The Shijian-19 mission is part of China’s broader space program, 70 includes ambitious plans for deep space exploration, a range of experiments aboard the Tiangong space station, and advancements in reusable space technologies. 【答案】 61．Sent 62．a 63．standards 64．weighing 65．of 66．serves 67．reliable 68．to conduct 69．carried 70．which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是中国首颗可重复使用返回式卫星——实践十九号的技术突破及其在空间科学研究中的应用。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：实践十九号卫星于9月27日发射升空，并安全返回地球，取得了多项技术突破。本句已有谓语动词has achieved，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词send与主语Shijian-19之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词sent作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Sent。 62．考查冠词。句意：实践十九号卫星于9月27日发射升空，并安全返回地球，取得了多项技术突破。a number of是固定短语，意为“许多，大量”。故填a。 63．考查可数名词的复数。句意：飞行试验证实了该卫星作为高性能可重复使用空间平台的能力，并达到了所有预期的技术标准。Standard是可数名词，由all可知，空处名词需用复数。故填standards。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：实践十九号卫星重约3500公斤，可根据不同任务需求进行不同配置。本句已有谓语动词has，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词weigh与主语satellite之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词weighing作后置定语。故填weighing。 65．考查固定短语。句意：长期配置则能够在轨道上停留更长时间，以支持长期实验。be capable of为固定短语，意为“能够”。故填of。 66．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：凭借高微重力水平和高效性能，实践十九号卫星通常作为空间科学研究的关键工具。由空后typically可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时，主语是专有名词Shijian-19，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填serves。 67．考查形容词。句意：它支持微重力科学和空间生命科学等领域的研究，提供及时且可靠的结果。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词results，rely的形容词为reliable“可靠的”。故填reliable。 68．考查动词不定式。句意：此外，研究人员利用该卫星进行太空育种实验、测试新技术并推进空间科学实验。use sth. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“使用某物做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to conduct。 69．考查时态。句意：实践十九号卫星还搭载了多个国际合作有效载荷，提升了中国在全球太空探索中的作用。由前文谓语动词used可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填carried。 70．考查定语从句。句意：实践十九号卫星的任务是中国更广泛太空计划的一部分，该计划包括深空探测的宏伟计划、天宫空间站的一系列实验，以及可重复使用航天技术的进步。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是space program，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 3.（2025·江苏盐城·三模） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists, their dream, 71 was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality. Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape the earths gravity. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 72 (send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon, 73 (say) “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 74 the great achievements, sometimes accidents did happen, resulting in huge losses. 75 , scientists are determined to further explore the universe. One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting the earth. 76 (compare) with the USSR and the US, China started later in its space program, but it has made huge progress. So far, several astronauts, including Yang Liwei, 77 (be) to space. China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, 78 (mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 79 space station. It 80 (believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the scientists all over the world. 【答案】 71．which 72．to be sent 73．saying 74．Despite 75．However 76．Compared 77．have been 78．marking 79．a 80．is believed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类探索外层空间的梦想以及科学家们为实现这一梦想所做的努力和取得的成就。 71．考查定语从句。句意：人们一直有一个探索外层空间的梦想，在科学家的帮助下，他们的梦想，曾经被认为是不可能的，正在变成现实。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词their dream是物，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 72．考查不定式和被动语态。句意：1961年，苏联的Yuri Gagarin成为第一个被送入太空的人，而1969年，美国的Neil Armstrong踏上月球，他说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”person前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，人是被送入太空，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be sent。故填to be sent。 73．考查非谓语动词。句意：1961年，苏联的Yuri Gagarin成为第一个被送入太空的人，而1969年，美国的Neil Armstrong踏上月球，他说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”set是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，Neil Armstrong和say之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填saying。 74．考查介词。句意：尽管取得了巨大的成就，但有时也会发生事故，造成巨大的损失。由名词短语“the great achievements”可知，空格处是“尽管”，应用介词despite，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Despite。 75．考查副词。句意：然而，科学家们决心进一步探索宇宙。由“scientists are determined to further explore the universe”可知，空格处是“然而”，有逗号隔开，用however，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填However。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：与苏联和美国相比，中国的太空计划起步较晚，但取得了巨大进步。started是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，China和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Compared。 77．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，包括杨利伟在内的几名宇航员已经进入了太空。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时。主语several astronauts是复数，故填have been。 78．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国还发射了天宫二号空间实验室，这标志着中国在建立空间站的努力中迈出了一大步。谓语是has also launched，空格处用非谓语动词，前面描述的事情和mark之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填marking。 79．考查冠词。句意：中国还发射了天宫二号空间实验室，这标志着中国在建立空间站的努力中迈出了一大步。station是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，space是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 80．考查固定句型和时态及语态。句意：人们相信，由于全世界科学家的努力，太空探索的未来是光明的。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，It is believed that...是固定句型，意为“人们相信”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，故填is believed。 4.（2025·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China launched the Shenzhou XIX manned spaceship on Wednesday. The crew members were fully trained and prepared, and the launch became 81 hit globally. Of the three astronauts, Wang Haoze, the only female space flight engineer in China currently, 82 (inspire) many Chinese netizens with her experiences and dedication since the launch. During her college years, she stood out 83 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Wang majored 84 power engineering at college. “From a rocket engine designer to a space flight engineer, my role has changed, 85 the initial spirit and mission of serving the country in space remains the same,” Wang said on Wednesday. As an engineer, Wang previously had no flight experience, 86 (make) the aerospace physiology tests (航空航天生理学测试) in the selection process particularly challenging. However, she was determined never to be the first one 87 (ring) the emergency bell. After nearly a thousand practices, 88 (equip) with what it took to be a qualified astronaut, she set out on her first space journey. Wang’s 89 (persevere) has inspired many netizens, some of 90 commented that Wang is surely working hard and paying a lot of effort. 【答案】 81．a 82．has inspired 83．academically 84．in 85．but 86．making 87．to ring 88．equipped 89．perseverance 90．whom 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国发射神舟十九号载人飞船这一事件，并着重介绍了航天员王浩泽的经历与事迹。 81．考查冠词。句意：机组人员经过了充分的训练和准备，这次发射在全球范围内引起了轰动。“hit”是可数名词，此处表示“一件成功而轰动的事”，且“hit”发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 82．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在三名航天员中，目前中国唯一的女航天飞行工程师王浩泽，自发射以来，她的经历和奉献精神激励了许多中国网民。根据“since the launch”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“Wang Haoze”是第三人称单数。故填has inspired。 83．考查副词。句意：在大学期间，她学业成绩优异，在班上名列前茅。“stood out”是动词短语，应用副词“academically”来修饰，表示“在学术上”。故填academically。 84．考查介词。句意：王在大学主修动力工程。“major in”是固定短语，意为“主修”。故填in。 85．考查连词。句意：“从火箭发动机设计师到航天飞行工程师，我的角色发生了变化，但为太空事业服务国家的初心和使命始终不变，”王周三说。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，应用“but”连接。故填but。 86．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名工程师，王以前没有飞行经验，这使得选拔过程中的航空航天生理学测试特别具有挑战性。句中已有谓语动词“had”，且没有连词，所以动词“make”需使用非谓语动词形式。根据语意可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 87．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，她下定决心，绝不做第一个按紧急警报铃的人。此处为“序数词 + 名词 + 不定式”固定结构，所以应用不定式“to ring”作后置定语，修饰“the first one”，表示“第一个按紧急警报铃的人”。故填to ring。 88．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过近千次练习，她具备了成为一名合格航天员的素质，开始了她的第一次太空之旅。句中已有谓语动词“set out”，且空格前没有连词连接，所以应用动词“equip”的非谓语动词形式。“equip”与主语“she”之间为被动关系，“be equipped with”表示“具备”，所以用过去分词作状语。故填equipped。 89．考查名词。句意：王的毅力激励了许多网民，其中一些人评论说，王一定在努力工作，付出了很多努力。根据空前的所有格“Wang’s”可知，此处应用“persevere”的名词形式“perseverance”，作主语，表示“毅力”，为不可数名词。故填perseverance。 90．考查定语从句。句意：王的毅力激励了许多网民，其中一些人评论说，王一定在努力工作，付出了很多努力。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是“netizens”，指人，应用关系代词“whom”。故填whom。 5.（2025·河南·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The International Space Station (ISS) will continue orbiting Earth until at least 2030 91 a symbol of global scientific cooperation. The representatives from 15 countries signed an 92 (agree) last month, ensuring this unique laboratory remains operational despite previous concerns about funding. Since 93 (launch) in 1998, the ISS has hosted over 3,000 experiments 94 (range) from medical research to climate studies. Scientists argue that ending the program now would mean losing 95 (value) data critical for future Mars missions. “What we learn here can’t be found anywhere else,” said astronaut Samantha Carter. However, maintaining the station requires enormous effort. Each year, about 12 tons of supplies 96 (send) to the ISS through international transport missions. 97 (reduce)resupply needs, engineers are also developing new technologies, 98 can recycle 98% of the station’s water . Looking ahead, participating nations plan to focus on preparation for commercial space stations. Private companies like SpaceX and Boeing are 99 (current) designing capsule that may eventually replace the ISS. As the station’s commander remarked, “This isn’t the end, 100 a new beginning for space exploration.” 【答案】 91．as 92．agreement 93．launched 94．ranging 95．valuable 96．are sent 97．To reduce 98．which 99．currently 100．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了至少将运行到2030年的国际空间站，以及它的相关情况，包括开展的实验、物资补给等，还提到了未来商业空间站的规划。 91．考查介词。句意：国际空间站（ISS）将至少在2030年之前继续绕地球运行，作为全球科学合作的象征。根据语意可知，空处为介词，表示“作为”，as符合语境。故填as。 92．考查名词。句意：来自15个国家的代表上个月签署了一项协议，确保这个独特的实验室尽管此前存在资金方面的担忧，但仍能继续运转。an后需接agree的名词形式，signed an agreement表示“签署一项协议”。故填agreement。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：自1998年发射以来，国际空间站已经开展了3000多项实验，范围从医学研究到气候研究。Since引导的时间状语从句中，因与主句的主语一致，可省略主语和be动词，其完整形式为Since the ISS was launched in 1998，所以这里用过去分词形式。故填launched。 94．考查非谓语动词。句意：自1998年发射以来，国际空间站已经开展了3000多项实验，范围从医学研究到气候研究。句中已有谓语动词has hosted，因此range需使用非谓语动词形式，range from...to...表示“范围从……到……”，experiments与range之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填ranging。 95．考查形容词。句意：科学家们认为，现在结束该计划将意味着失去对未来火星任务至关重要的有价值的数据。data是名词，前面应用形容词修饰。表示“有价值的”用valuable。故填valuable。 96．考查动词时态和语态。句意：每年，大约12吨物资通过国际运输任务被送往国际空间站。根据Each year可知，应用一般现在时，supplies与send之间是被动关系，且supplies是复数，所以被动语态中的be动词用are。故填are sent。 97．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了减少补给需求，工程师们也在开发新技术，这些技术可以循环利用空间站98%的水。根据语意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To reduce。 98．考查定语从句。句意：为了减少补给需求，工程师们也在开发新技术，这些技术可以循环利用空间站98%的水。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为new technologies，指物，在从句中作主语。故填which。 99．考查副词。句意：像SpaceX和波音这样的私人公司目前正在设计可能最终取代国际空间站的太空舱。designing是动词，应用current的副词形式修饰，currently意为“目前”，符合语境。故填currently。 100．考查连词。句意：正如空间站站长所说：“这不是结束，而是太空探索的新开始。”固定结构not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，符合语境。故填but。 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $