Unit 2 Getting along.同步词汇笔记 2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年级英语上册

外研版 八上 UNIT 2 Getting along.同步词汇笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 过去式：shouted；过去分词：shouted shouter n. 呼喊者 shout at sb. 对某人大喊；shout to sb. 向某人大喊 1. Don't shout at your parents. It's impolite.（不要对你的父母大喊大叫，这是不礼貌的。）2. She shouted to me to come over quickly.（她喊我快点过去。） 2 gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门 复数：gates N/A at the gate 在门口；open the gate 开门；close the gate 关门 1. We met at the school gate this morning.（我们今天早上在学校门口见的面。）2. Please close the gate before you leave.（离开前请把大门关上。） 3 build /bɪld/ v. 建造，盖；造 过去式：built；过去分词：built building n. 建筑物；大楼 build sth. for sb. 为某人建造某物；build up 逐步建立；build...into... 把……建成…… 1. They built a new hospital in this area last year.（去年他们在这个区域建了一所新医院。）2. We need to build up our English skills through practice.（我们需要通过练习逐步提高英语技能。） 4 since /sɪns/ prep. 自从……以来，自从……之后 N/A（连词/副词用法同形，无词形变化） N/A since + 过去时间点（与现在完成时连用）；since then 从那以后 1. He has worked in this company since 2020.（自从2020年以来，他就在这家公司工作。）2. I haven't seen her since last month.（自从上个月以来，我就没见过她。） 5 nor /nɔː/ conj. 也不 N/A N/A neither...nor... 既不……也不……（连接并列成分，谓语就近一致） 1. Neither he nor his sister likes playing football.（他和他妹妹都不喜欢踢足球。）2. She can't speak English, nor can her brother.（她不会说英语，她弟弟也不会。） 6 hole /həʊl/ n. 洞，孔 复数：holes N/A a hole in... ……上的洞；dig a hole 挖洞 1. There is a hole in my socks.（我的袜子上有个洞。）2. The workers dug a deep hole to lay the pipe.（工人们挖了一个深洞来铺管道。） 7 glad /ɡlæd/ adj. 高兴的，开心的 比较级：gladder；最高级：gladdest gladly adv. 高兴地；乐意地 be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事；be glad that... 高兴……；be glad about sth. 为某事高兴 1. I'm glad to help you with your homework.（我很高兴帮你辅导作业。）2. She was glad that her son passed the exam.（她很高兴她儿子通过了考试。） 8 knock /nɒk/ v. 敲门(窗) 过去式：knocked；过去分词：knocked knock n. 敲击声；敲门声 knock at/on the door/window 敲 door/窗；knock into sb. 撞到某人 1. Someone is knocking at the door. Go and open it.（有人在敲门，去开一下吧。）2. He walked in a hurry and knocked into an old man.（他走得太急，撞到了一位老人。） 9 knock down /nɒk daʊn/ phr. v. 摧毁，拆毁 N/A（短语无词形变化） N/A knock down sth. = knock sth. down 摧毁某物；拆毁某物 1. The old factory was knocked down last week.（那座旧工厂上周被拆毁了。）2. The heavy rain knocked down many small trees.（大雨摧毁了许多小树。） 10 afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 N/A（无比较级最高级，常用more/most afraid） N/A be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物/做某事；be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事；be afraid that... 担心…… 1. She is afraid of snakes.（她害怕蛇。）2. He is afraid to speak in front of many people.（他害怕在很多人面前说话。） 11 message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n. (电影、书籍、讲话等的)要旨，主题思想，寓意 复数：messages messenger n. 信使；送信人 take a message 捎口信；leave a message 留口信；send a message 发信息 1. Can you take a message for me when you see her?（你见到她时能帮我捎个口信吗？）2. The message of this story is to be kind to others.（这个故事的寓意是要善待他人。） 12 double /ˈdʌbl/ adj. 双倍的，两倍的 比较级：more double（不常用）；最高级：most double（不常用） double v. 使加倍；double n. 两倍（数） double the size/number 两倍的尺寸/数量；double up 对折 1. The population of this city has doubled in ten years.（这座城市的人口十年内翻了一倍。）2. We need double the amount of milk for this recipe.（这个食谱需要双倍的牛奶量。） 13 understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. 理解 复数：understandings（指“谅解；共识”时） understand v. 理解；明白 have a good understanding of 对……有很好的理解；reach an understanding 达成共识 1. She has a good understanding of English grammar.（她对英语语法有很好的理解。）2. We need to reach an understanding about this problem.（我们需要就这个问题达成共识。） 14 return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v. 返回，回来，回去 过去式：returned；过去分词：returned return n. 返回；归还 return to sp. 回到某地；return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 把某物还给某人 1. He returned to his hometown after graduation.（他毕业后回到了家乡。）2. Please return the book to the library on time.（请按时把书还给图书馆。） 15 lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 充满活力的，生气勃勃的 比较级：livelier；最高级：liveliest N/A a lively person 活泼的人；a lively party 热闹的派对；lively music 欢快的音乐 1. She is a lively girl who likes singing and dancing.（她是个活泼的女孩，喜欢唱歌跳舞。）2. The classroom is always lively when we have English class.（我们上英语课时，教室总是很热闹。） 16 theirs /ðeəz/ pron. 他们的，她们的 N/A（名词性物主代词，无词形变化） N/A 相当于“their + 名词”，后不接名词 1. This house is theirs, not ours.（这房子是他们的，不是我们的。）2. Their bags are red, and theirs are blue.（他们的包是红色的，而他们的（包）是蓝色的。） 17 grade /ɡreɪd/ n. 年级 复数：grades N/A in Grade + 数字 在……年级；get good grades 取得好成绩 1. My little brother is in Grade Five this year.（我弟弟今年上五年级。）2. She studies hard to get good grades in exams.（她努力学习，以便在考试中取得好成绩。） 18 article /ˈɑːtɪkl/ n. (报刊的)文章 复数：articles N/A write an article 写一篇文章；read an article 读一篇文章；a news article 新闻报道 1. He wrote an article about environmental protection.（他写了一篇关于环境保护的文章。）2. I read an interesting article in today's newspaper.（我在今天的报纸上读了一篇有趣的文章。） 19 priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/ adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 N/A（无比较级最高级，常用more/most priceless） N/A priceless treasures 无价之宝；priceless advice 宝贵的建议 1. The ancient vase is a priceless treasure.（这个古花瓶是无价之宝。）2. Her help gave me priceless support when I was in trouble.（我遇到困难时，她的帮助给了我宝贵的支持。） 20 offer /ˈɒfə/ v. 提供，给予 过去式：offered；过去分词：offered offer n. 提议；提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物；offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；accept an offer 接受提议 1. They offered us a cup of tea when we arrived.（我们到达时，他们给我们倒了杯茶。）2. He offered to help me carry the heavy box.（他主动提出帮我搬这个重箱子。） 21 plan /plæn/ v. 计划 过去式：planned；过去分词：planned；复数（n.）：plans N/A plan to do sth. 计划做某事；make a plan 制定计划；plan for sth. 为某事做计划 1. We plan to visit the Great Wall next month.（我们计划下个月去参观长城。）2. She made a plan to improve her math skills.（她制定了一个提高数学技能的计划。） 22 quite /kwaɪt/ adv. 很；较为 N/A N/A quite + 形容词/副词 很……；quite a few 相当多（后接可数名词复数）；quite a lot 很多 1. The movie is quite interesting. I want to watch it again.（这部电影很有趣，我想再看一遍。）2. He has quite a few friends in this city.（他在这座城市有相当多的朋友。） 23 stressed /strest/ adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 N/A stress n. 压力；v. 使紧张 be stressed out 极度焦虑；感到压力大；feel stressed 感到紧张 1. She feels stressed before important exams.（重要考试前她会感到紧张。）2. He was stressed out because of his busy work.（他因为工作繁忙而极度焦虑。） 24 recently /ˈriːsntli/ adv. 最近，近来，不久前 N/A recent adj. 最近的；近来的 常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用 1. I have met him twice recently.（我最近见过他两次。）2. He moved to this neighborhood recently.（他最近搬到了这个街区。） 25 online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ adv. 从网上，在网上 N/A（可作adj.，无词形变化） N/A shop online 网上购物；study online 在线学习；chat online 网上聊天 1. Many people like to shop online because it's convenient.（很多人喜欢网上购物，因为很方便。）2. We can study online when we can't go to school.（我们不能上学时，可以在线学习。） 26 allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 使有可能；允许，容许，准许 过去式：allowed；过去分词：allowed allowance n. 津贴（初中不常用，填N/A） allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事；allow doing sth. 允许做某事 1. My parents don't allow me to stay out late.（我父母不允许我在外待到很晚。）2. Smoking is not allowed in public places.（公共场所不允许吸烟。） 27 ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n. 票，入场券 复数：tickets N/A a train/bus/plane ticket 火车/公共汽车/飞机票；a concert ticket 音乐会门票；book a ticket 订票 1. I bought a train ticket to Beijing yesterday.（我昨天买了一张去北京的火车票。）2. We need to book tickets for the movie in advance.（我们需要提前订电影票。） 28 true /truː/ adj. 真正的 比较级：truer；最高级：truest truth n. 真相；事实；truly adv. 真实地；真正地 be true of 对……适用；come true 实现（梦想等）；be true to 忠于 1. His dream of becoming a doctor came true last year.（他成为医生的梦想去年实现了。）2. The same is true of my friend.（我的朋友也是如此。） 29 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 尊重，顾及 过去式：respected；过去分词：respected；respect n. 尊重 respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人；show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊重；have respect for 尊重…… 1. We should respect our teachers and parents.（我们应该尊重老师和父母。）2. People respect him for his kindness.（人们因为他的善良而尊重他。） 30 narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 比较级：narrower；最高级：narrowest narrowly adv. 勉强地；狭窄地 a narrow road 狭窄的路；a narrow escape 九死一生 1. We walked along a narrow path in the forest.（我们沿着森林里一条狭窄的小路走。）2. He had a narrow escape from the fire.（他从火灾中九死一生。） 31 lane /leɪn/ n. ……巷(常用于路名中) 复数：lanes N/A a busy lane 繁忙的小巷；a parking lane 停车道；Lane 3 三号巷（路名） 1. My home is in Xinhua Lane.（我家在新华巷。）2. There is a small shop at the end of this lane.（这条小巷的尽头有一家小商店。） 32 unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ n. (计量用的)单位 复数：units N/A a unit of measurement 计量单位；a family unit 家庭单位；Unit 2 第二单元 1. Kilogram is a unit of weight.（千克是重量单位。）2. We will learn Unit 3 in our next English class.（我们下节英语课将学习第三单元。） 33 perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 可能，大概，也许 N/A N/A 常用于句首或句中，表推测 1. Perhaps we can go to the park this weekend.（也许我们这周末可以去公园。）2. He will perhaps come back in an hour.（他大概一小时后回来。） 34 argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论，争吵 过去式：argued；过去分词：argued argument n. 争论；辩论 argue with sb. 与某人争论；argue about sth. 争论某事；argue for/against 支持/反对…… 1. They often argue with each other about small things.（他们经常因为小事互相争论。）2. We argued about the best way to solve the problem.（我们就解决这个问题的最佳方法争论起来。） 35 divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v. (把……)分开 过去式：divided；过去分词：divided division n. 分开；除法 divide...into... 把……分成……；divide by 除以（数学） 1. The teacher divided the class into four groups.（老师把班级分成了四个小组。）2. Twelve divided by three is four.（12除以3等于4。） 36 dividing line /dəˈvaɪdɪŋ laɪn/ phr. n. 分界线，界限 N/A（短语无词形变化） N/A the dividing line between... ……之间的分界线 1. This river is the dividing line between the two provinces.（这条河是这两个省的分界线。）2. We need to draw a clear dividing line between work and life.（我们需要在工作和生活之间划一条清晰的界限。） 37 reach /riːtʃ/ v. 实现，达成 过去式：reached；过去分词：reached N/A reach an agreement 达成协议；reach sp. 到达某地（不接to）；reach a goal 实现目标 1. After a long talk, they finally reached an agreement.（经过长时间的交谈，他们最终达成了协议。）2. We reached Beijing at midnight yesterday.（我们昨天午夜到达了北京。） 38 agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n. (意见的)一致，相合 复数：agreements agree v. 同意；赞同 reach an agreement 达成协议；in agreement with 同意……；make an agreement 达成协议 1. We are in agreement with his suggestion.（我们同意他的建议。）2. The two countries made an agreement on trade.（这两个国家达成了一项贸易协议。） 39 relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. 家人；亲戚 复数：relatives relation n. 关系；亲属 visit relatives 拜访亲戚；close relatives 近亲 1. We usually visit our relatives during the Spring Festival.（我们通常在春节期间拜访亲戚。）2. She has many relatives living in the countryside.（她有很多亲戚住在农村。） 40 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 复数：governments govern v. 统治；管理 the local government 当地政府；the central government 中央政府 1. The local government is building more parks for people.（当地政府正在为人们建造更多的公园。）2. The government has made new rules to protect the environment.（政府制定了新的环保规定。） 41 poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗；韵文 复数：poems poet n. 诗人；poetry n. 诗歌（总称） write a poem 写一首诗；read a poem 读一首诗 1. She wrote a beautiful poem for her mother on Mother's Day.（母亲节那天，她给妈妈写了一首优美的诗。）2. Our teacher asked us to read this poem aloud in class.（老师让我们在课堂上大声朗读这首诗。） 42 inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ adv. 在(容器或其他封闭的空间)里面 N/A（可作adj./prep./n.，无词形变化） N/A inside the room 在房间里；come inside 进来；on the inside 在内部 1. It's cold outside, so please stay inside.（外面很冷，请待在里面。）2. There is a small room inside the house.（房子里面有一个小房间。） 43 neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ n. 邻居，邻人 复数：neighbours neighbourhood n. 街区；邻里 good neighbours 好邻居；help one's neighbours 帮助邻居 1. Our neighbours often help us when we are in trouble.（我们遇到困难时，邻居们经常帮我们。）2. She lives next to us and she is a kind neighbour.（她住在我们隔壁，是个善良的邻居。） 44 act /ækt/ n. 行为，行动，动作，举动 复数：acts；act v. 行动；表演 action n. 行动；actor n. 演员；actress n. 女演员 an act of kindness 善举；take action 采取行动；act as 担任；充当 1. His act of helping the old man moved everyone.（他帮助老人的善举感动了所有人。）2. We need to take act to protect wild animals.（我们需要采取行动保护野生动物。） 45 pass /pɑːs/ v. 过去，流逝 过去式：passed；过去分词：passed passage n. passage；passenger n. 乘客 pass by 经过；pass away 去世（委婉）；pass the exam 通过考试 1. Time passes quickly when you are busy.（忙的时候时间过得很快。）2. He passed by my house on his way to work this morning.（今天早上他上班路上经过了我家。） 46 whenever /wenˈevə/ conj. 每当 N/A N/A whenever 引导时间状语从句，相当于“no matter when” 1. Whenever I see her, she is always smiling.（每当我见到她，她总是在微笑。）2. You can call me whenever you need help.（无论何时你需要帮助，都可以给我打电话。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $