2025年上海市中考语法练习 时态

Chapter 1 动词时态Tense I 本章要点 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 将来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 过去将来 过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 II 时态语法点分述 1、 一般现在时 Simple Present Tense 结构公式：am/is/are/do/does 常见时间状语： sometimes, usually, never, always, often; every day / week / month / year / ... ; on Sunday (s) / Monday (s) /... 1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，如日常行为，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 常用频度副词： every…/all the time >always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom≈rarely≈ hardly>never · Life rarely turns out the way that we plan. 生活几乎从不按招出牌。 --Beverly Hills 90210 （是电视剧名） 2. 表示按计划将会发生的事情，主语常常是物。 · 这列高速列车（高铁）早上9点出发去北京。（high-speed train） The high-speed train leaves/heads/makes for Beijing at 9 am._ 3. 表示真理或不变的事实。 · 树叶在秋季从绿变黄。 Leaves turn from green to yellow in autumn. 4. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，简称为“主将从现”。 · 如果我在纽约时有时间去购物，我会帮你去苹果店买个iPad 10。 I will buy you an iPad10 from the Apple Store if I have time to go shopping in New York. 5. 特别结构 结构公式一：It is +一段时间+since +从句 结构公式二：It has been+一段时间+since +从句 ♥Attention♥ 第一种句型更常见。如： 1) As for myself, it is many, many years since I first began to think of him in a very different manner. --Pride and Prejudice 至于说到我自己对他印象转坏，那已经是好多好多年的事了。 2) It has been a long time since wemet last time. 好久不见。 2、 现在进行时 Present Continuous Tense 结构公式：am/is/are+doing 时间状语：Now,at present,at the moment, look, listen 1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。 · 嘘，孩子们正在睡觉呢。 Sh, /Xu/ Hush, the babies are sleeping. 2. 表示最近一段时间内正在进行的动作。 · Jack’s having a hard time at the office at the moment and he’s smoking about fifty cigarettes a day. Jack眼下在办公室里日子不好过，（因此）每天要抽50来根烟。 3. 与频率副词连用，表示作者的一种感情态度。(如always, forever,constantly, continually) · 你老是像我妈一样唠叨我。(nag sb.) You are always nagging me like my mom._ 4. 表达某种情感，表示关切，礼貌，赞美等。 · I’m telling you the truth. Cf I tell you the truth. 我是在告诉你真相。（关切）我告诉你真相。（事实）_________ 5. 表示将来即将发生的动作，给人一种期待感，常伴有表示将来的时间状语。 · They are getting married next month. ♥Attention♥ 1) 此用法常用于：arrive, return, land, leave, come, go, drive, fly, travel, move, die, stay等位移动词。 · I'm going home tonight. 我今晚回家。 2) 以下词汇在特定语境中也可进行时表将来： a. I’m meeting you soon after class. b. ——What are you doing this evening? ——I’m having dinner at home with my families. 不能使用进行时的动词 情感类动词 fear（害怕），love（爱），hate（讨厌），mind（介意），like（喜欢），please（喜爱），prefer（更喜爱） 心理活动类动词 think（认为），believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），remember（记起了），realize（认识），suppose（怀疑） 结果类动词 see, hear, find… 瞬间动词 become, return. buy, join, get to(know), hear from… 特例： *He’s jumping with joy. (少数瞬间动词用于进行，表反复发生的动作) · The old man is dying.这个老人已奄奄一息。 · (此处进行时表示逐渐、即将) 3、 一般过去时 Simple Past Tense 结构公式：was / were / did（初中不规则动词表见附录一） 时间状语： yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, the week before last,in July, in 2006,just now, three days ago, at that time, from then on, the other day, once upon a time… 1. 表示过去某个时间一连串的行为。 结构公式：did A, did B,… and did N · 史瑞克给了公主一个丑陋的微笑，拉起她绿色的胖手，然后温柔的吻了她一下。 Shrek gave the princess an ugly smile, held her fat green hand(√)/green fat hand（×）and kissed her gently. 2. 表示过去某行为或某状态已发生，不强调进行。 · 当我1990年代在上海时，我每周末都去美术馆。 When I was in Shanghai in the 1990s, I went to the art gallery every weekend. ___ · On Sunday evenings we used to be permitted to play, if we did not make much noise; now a mere titter is sufficient to send us into corners! 从前一到星期天晚上，还准许我们玩玩，只要我们不太吵，现在我们只要偷偷一笑，就得罚站墙角啦！ --Wuthering Height 3. 近义词辨析would do sth. VS used to do sth. used to would 过去习惯动作 √ √ 状态 √（be,live, have） × 过去和现在对比 √ × 偶尔 × √ · In such cases, we would go to the old workers for help. · Before 1949 he used to work twelve hours a day. · He used to live in the countryside. 4. 近形词辨析 be/get used to doing sth/sth 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 · 城里人习惯把狗当宠物，而在农村狗狗通常用来看家(guard). People living in the city are used to taking dogs as pets, while dogs are used to guard home in the countryside. 4、 过去进行时 Past Continuous Tense 结构公式：was / were+doing 时间状语：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment（这个词组也可以用在现在进行时），all morning等。 1. 强调过去某时间段或某个时间点正在发生的事。 · Yesterday at six o'clock, Kobe was playing football. 2. 强调动作的持续性，比一般过去时更生动。（用一般过去时和过去进行时填空） · It rained heavily last night. （昨天下雨了这个事实） · It was raining heavily last night. （昨晚下雨持续时间长） 3. 与always, constantly, continually, forever 等连用表达某种感情色彩。 · My brother was always losing his keys. 5、 一般将来时 Simple Future Tense 结构公式一：sb. will / shall do 结构公式二：am / is / are going to do 结构公式三：am/ is / are to do 结构公式四：am/ is / are about to do 时间状语：next…, tomorrow, in+时间, soon, this evening等 结构 含义 例句 be going to do sb: 有计划 sth: 有迹象 I’m going to get married next month, so I’m preparing for my wedding. The day is getting dark. It’s going to rain. will/shall sb:没有计划，随时想到并且马上会做的，意愿和决心,sth：随机，不确定性 Shall we go to the library?（shall用于第一人称） Will you help me with my homework?(所有人称) be doing 位移动词进行时表示将来 She is arriving at the port tonight do/does 1） 主将从现； 2） 按计划 The meeting begins at 3. be to 正式，按计划 The annual meeting is to be held next week. be about 马上 Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The performance is about to start. will be doing 早已安排好或预计发生的事，难以改变，表承诺。 I will be having a meeting at 3 p.m. tomorrow. ♥Attention♥ 注意分清：由when和if引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句 6、 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense 结构公式：sb. have/ has done 时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years 现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。 比较： I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。） I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。） 现在完成时有两个主要用法： 用法 含义 标志词 例句 已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在. just already，yet Your letter has just been received. 未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在 for…, since… They have lived here for more than twenty years. *Hanged, hanged绞死 Hung, hung 悬挂 Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的） ♥Attention♥ 你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？ recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times） 1. since用法 结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语 1) I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school. 2. 瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用 总结： have been to___去过_（去了已经回来） have gone to 表示_去了（去了还没回来） have been in (始终呆在一个地方) 3. 特别句型 a. It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时 · It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance. 这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。 b. It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时 · ‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me. 女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。 4. 现在完成时和过去时区别 1) --Where __ you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere. I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone. B A. did put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2) We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ toher? A. was happening D B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3) Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you D B. hadn’t known; are you C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been 4) I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to. A. finished; were A B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 5) It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds D B. has found C. was found D. has been found 6) When I was at college, I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each. B A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten 总结： 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。 到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时 强调某一次动作用 一般过去时 ♥Attention♥ Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。 7、 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense 结构公式：had done 时间状语：by+过去时间 The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance. 达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。 Sense and Sensibility 1. 过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。 · His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home. 2. 如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。 · He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. Test 1 时态练习 1、 请写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词 (53*1’) 1. cost 2. hit 3. beat 4. come 5. run 6. burn 7. write 8. mean 9. hear 10. build 11. learn 12. lose 13. send 14. lay 15. lie（撒谎） 16. lie（躺） 17. buy 18. think 19. sleep 20. begin 21. stand 22. win 23. shine 24. catch 25. teach 26. feel 27. fight 28. find 29. hang（绞死） 30. hang（悬挂） 31. hold 32. choose 33. get 34. shoot 35. break 36. smell 37. fly 38. dig 39. eat 40. fall 41. steal 42. give 43. freeze 44. take 45. ride 46. drive 47. throw 48. sink 49. speak 50. show 51. wake 52. strike 53. forget 2、 请将下列瞬间动词转换为持续动词 (7*1’) 瞬间动词 持续动词 瞬间动词 持续动词 1. borrow 2. buy 3. catch a cold 4. die 5. fall asleep 6. join 7. leave 3、 选择题 (20*2’) 请把答案写入下表： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. The world ______. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 2. --- Have you ever______ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? --- Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 3. I'm sorry you've missed the train. It ______ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 4. --- Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? --- John ____________. A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is 5. --- Mum? May I go out and play basketball? --- ______ you_____ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 6. --- Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? --- No, I ______ it for two years. A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 7. --- Will your mother______ you if you ______ the English exam? --- Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with, don't pass B. be angry with, won't pass C. be angry to, don't pass D. be angry to, won't pass 8. I hear that you have been to Wuzhen. Did you like it? How long ____you _____there? A. do, stay B. have stayed C. did stay D. had stayed 9. Our teacher, Miss Chen, __________ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 10. I don't think I __________ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 11. She will have a holiday as soon as she ___________ the work next week. A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish 12. --- Where is Mr. Green now? I haven't seen him for a few days. --- He ___________ to Hong Kong. A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone 13. --- I won't come to the party unless Sue ______, too. --- You mean if Sue comes you'll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 14. The man _______there in the sun for a long time and got his face burnt. A. has stood B. had been standing C. was standing D. is standing 15. When we landed on Phuket Island last night, it ________ heavily outside. A. rains B. has rained C. is raining D. was raining 16. The big fire in the north of Canada ________ more than two hundred houses since last Friday. A. will destroy B. has destroyed C. had destroyed D. is destroying 17. The Art Festival of our school ________ successfully by the end of last month. A. will be hold B. has been held C. was held D. had been held 18. When I hurried to the airport yesterday afternoon, the plane ________. A. took off B. had taken off C. has taken off D. will take off 19. It is known to all that bad news has wings and always _______ very fast. A. spread B. spreads C. is spreading D. has spread 20. My mother told me that she _______ me to Shanghai Disneyland Park next weekend. A. would take B. will take C. took D. has taken 答案 4、 请写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词 (53*1’) 54. cost cost cost 55. hit hit hit 56. beat beat beaten 57. come came come 58. run ran run 59. burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 60. write wrote written 61. mean meant meant 62. hear heard heard 63. build built built 64. learn learnt/learned learnt/learned 65. lose lost lost 66. send sent sent 67. lay laid laid 68. lie（撒谎） lied lied 69. lie（躺） lay lain 70. buy bought bought 71. think thought thought 72. sleep slept slept 73. begin began begun 74. stand stood stood 75. win won won 76. shine shone/shined shone/shined 77. catch caught caught 78. teach taught taught 79. feel felt felt 80. fight fought fought 81. find found found 82. hang（绞死） hanged hanged 83. hang（悬挂） hung hung 84. hold held held 85. choose chose chosen 86. get got got/gotten 87. shoot shot shot 88. break broke broken 89. smell smelt smelt 90. fly flew flown 91. dig dug dug 92. eat ate eaten 93. fall fell fallen 94. steal stole stolen 95. give gave given 96. freeze froze frozen 97. take took taken 98. ride rode ridden 99. drive drove driven 100. throw threw thrown 101. sink sank sunk 102. speak spoke spoken 103. show showed showed/shown 104. wake woke/waked waked/woken 105. strike struck struck/stricken 106. forget forgot forgot/forgotten 5、 请将下列瞬间动词转换为持续动词 (7*1’) 瞬间动词 持续动词 瞬间动词 持续动词 8. borrow have/has kept 9. buy have/has had 10. catch a cold have/has had a cold 11. die have/has been dead 12. fall asleep have/has been asleep 13. join have/has been in 14. leave have/has been away 6、 选择题 (20*2’) 请把答案写入下表： 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $