第7讲 形容词&副词-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第7讲 形容词&副词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、形容词：核心用法及位置规律 形容词用于描述人或事物的属性、特征或状态，主要修饰名词或代词，需根据功能明确其在句中的位置。 功能 用法说明 位置特征 示例 作定语 修饰名词，说明名词的属性 一般位于名词前；修饰复合不定代词（something, anything 等）时位于其后 a beautiful flower（前）；something important（后） 作表语 位于系动词（be, look, feel 等）后，说明主语状态 系动词 + 形容词 She is happy.；The cake tastes delicious. 作补语 补充说明宾语的状态 宾语 + 形容词 I find the story interesting. 作状语 说明主语的伴随状态或原因 位于句末或句首，用逗号隔开 He arrived, tired but excited. 注意事项： 1. 感官动词后的形容词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等感官动词后需接形容词（而非副词）表 “主语的特征”（如错误：It sounds beautifully. 正确：It sounds beautiful.）。 2. 复合不定代词的修饰：形容词修饰 “something, anything, nothing” 等时，必须后置（如错误：important something 正确：something important）。 二、形容词比较等级：变化规则及核心句型 形容词有原级、比较级、最高级三级，比较级表 “两者比较”，最高级表 “三者及以上比较”，需掌握规则 / 不规则变化及固定句型。 （1）比较等级变化表 类型 规则说明 原级 比较级 最高级 规则变化 单音节词直接加 “er/est” small smaller smallest 以 “e” 结尾加 “r/st” nice nicer nicest 重读闭音节双写尾字母加 “er/est” big bigger biggest “辅音 + y” 结尾变 y 为 i 加 “er/est” easy easier easiest 多音节词前加 “more/most” beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化 需特殊记忆 good/bad better/worse best/worst many/much more most far farther（距离）/further（程度） farthest/furthest （2）核心句型表 类型 句型结构 示例 原级 A + be + as + 原级 + as + B（A 和 B 一样……） She is as tall as her sister. A + be + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（A 不如 B……） He is not so clever as Tom. 比较级 A + be + 比较级 + than + B（A 比 B 更……） This book is more interesting than that one. 比较级 + and + 比较级（越来越……） It’s getting hotter and hotter. The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子（越…… 越……） The harder you study, the better grades you get. 最高级 A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围（A 是…… 中最…… 的） She is the tallest in her class. one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词（最…… 之一） Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China. 注意事项： 1. 比较级的修饰词：可用 “much, far, a lot”（…… 得多）、“a little, a bit”（…… 一点）修饰比较级（如：much taller, a little easier）。 2. 最高级的 “the” 省略：最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，省略 “the”（如：my best friend，而非 the my best friend）。 3. 不规则变化区分：“older” 表 “年龄 / 时间更老”，可接 “than”；“elder” 表 “长幼顺序”，不接 “than”（如：elder brother 哥哥）。 三、副词：分类、构成及用法 副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，按功能可分为多种类型，其中方式副词需重点掌握构成及位置。 （1）副词分类表 类型 功能说明 示例 时间副词 表动作发生的时间 now, yesterday, tomorrow, recently 地点副词 表动作发生的地点 here, there, up, down, everywhere 频率副词 表动作发生的频率 always, usually, often, never 程度副词 表动作 / 状态的程度 very, too, much, quite, almost 方式副词 表动作的方式（多以 “-ly” 结尾） carefully, quickly, happily, slowly 疑问副词 引导特殊疑问句 when, where, why, how （2）方式副词构成表 构成规则 示例 形容词 + ly quick → quickly, slow → slowly “辅音 + y” 结尾形容词变 y 为 i + ly easy → easily, lucky → luckily “-le” 结尾形容词去 e + y simple → simply, possible → possibly 特殊变化 good → well, true → truly, hard → hard（不变） （3）方式副词用法表 修饰对象 位置特征 示例 修饰动词 位于动词后或宾语后 He speaks English fluently. 修饰形容词 位于形容词前 The film is very interesting. 修饰副词 位于被修饰副词前 She runs much faster than me. 修饰整个句子 位于句首，用逗号隔开 Luckily, he passed the exam. 注意事项： 1. 易混淆 “-ly” 词：部分以 “-ly” 结尾的词是形容词（如：friendly 友好的、lovely 可爱的），不可误作副词（如错误：She speaks friendly. 正确：She is friendly.）。 2. 同形副词与形容词：部分词（hard, fast, early）既作形容词也作副词（如：hard work 努力的工作；work hard 努力工作）。 3. 副词比较级：“-ly” 结尾的副词比较级前加 “more”，最高级前加 “most”，且最高级可省略 “the”（如：He runs most quickly.）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I am checking . Could you give me the bill? 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我打算退房。 请把账单给我好吗？结合句意，表达“结账离开”用check out。故填out。 2．Her family's support is (particular) precious to Josie. 【答案】particularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：对于乔西来说，家人的支持显得尤为珍贵。修饰形容词precious用副词particularly，故填particularly。 3．He folded his paper (neat) and tasted his coffee. 【答案】neatly 【详解】考查副词。句意：他把纸整齐地叠好，然后品尝了咖啡。分析可知，所填应是副词，修饰动词“folded”，作其状语。“neat”，形容词，意为“整洁的”，其副词形式为“neatly(整齐地)”。故填neatly。 4．The toilet paper in the bathroom has run . 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：浴室里的卫生纸用完了。此处表示卫生纸用完了，run out为固定短语，意为“用完，耗尽”，本空用副词out，作状语，修饰has run。故填out。 5．The whole experience was (definite) more positive than negative. 【答案】definitely 【详解】考查副词。句意：整个经历肯定是积极面多于消极面。所填应是副词，修饰形容词比较级“more positive”，作状语，起强调作用。“definite”，形容词，意为“明确的，肯定的”，其副词形式为“definitely(肯定地，确定地)”。故填definitely。 6．I’m (true) sorry to trouble you so much. 【答案】truly 【详解】考查副词。句意：真的很抱歉这么麻烦你。修饰形容词sorry，应用提示词的副词形式truly，表示“真正地”。故填truly。 7．I (real) don’t know what to write about. 【答案】really 【详解】考查副词。句意：我真的不知道写什么。修饰动词know应用提示词的副词形式作状语，really“真正地”符合题意。故填really。 8．He played the role in an utterly (convince) way. 【答案】convincing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他把这个角色演得很有说服力。修饰名词way，表示“有说服力的”，应用形容词convincing作定语。故填convincing。 9．Some of our products have reached (advance) world levels. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的一些产品已经达到世界先进水平。“advance”可作名词或动词，这里需要形容词修饰“world levels” ，“advanced”是形容词，意为“先进的”，作定语。故填advanced。 10．He gave a （humor) account of their trip to Spain. 【答案】humorous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他以幽默的口吻描述了他们去西班牙的旅行。give an account of...是固定短语，意为“讲述/描述（某事的经过或情况）”。account 为名词，空处需填形容词作定语修饰account。故填humorous。 11．I don’t want my kids to get (addict) to stupid TV programs. 【答案】addicted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不希望我的孩子沉迷于无聊的电视节目此处get是系动词，意为“变得”。根据“get+形容词”构成系表结构和固定搭配“be addicted to (沉迷于……)”可知，此处应用addict的形容词形式addicted，意为“上瘾的；沉迷的”，常用来修饰人。故填addicted。 12．He stood up and went out for a walk to keep himself (relax). 【答案】relaxed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他站起来出去散步，让自己放松一下。空处作宾补，表示“放松的”，应用形容词relaxed。故填relaxed。 13．The strange noise made us (frighten) last night. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：昨晚那奇怪的声音使我们感到害怕。本空作宾语us的补足语，说明us的感受，用形容词frightened“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。 14．Prevention of a problem is always ________(prefer) to trying to solve it. 【答案】preferable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：预防问题总是比解决问题更可取。作表语，表示“更可取的”，应用形容词preferable。故填preferable。 15．Our income has gotten smaller, so we must be (real) and sell our car. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的收入越来越少了，所以我们必须现实一点，卖掉我们的车。空处作表语，结合“Our income has got smaller”可知，形容词realistic符合题意，意为“现实的，实际的，实事求是的”。故填realistic。 二、完成句子 1. 人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年食物供应的感激。 People celebrate to show that they are the year’s supply of food. 【答案】 grateful for 【详解】考查固定短语。“对……感激”使用固定短语be grateful for，形容词grateful在that引导的宾语从句中作表语。故填①grateful，②for。 2. 渐渐了解了我的新同桌之后，我发现她求知欲强、友好。 After getting to know my new deskmate, I her and . 【答案】 found curious friendly 【详解】考查动词和形容词。表示“发现”应用find，陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时；表示“求知欲强”应用形容词curious；表示“友好”应用形容词friendly；curious和friendly为形容词作宾语补足语。故填①found；②curious；③friendly。 3. Copper is gold in color. 黄铜和黄金在颜色上相似。 【答案】 similar to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：黄铜和黄金在颜色上相似。固定搭配be similar to，意思是“与……相似”。故填similar to。 4. 众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情越多。 As is known to us, a person is, the things he needs to do tomorrow. 【答案】 the lazier more 【详解】考查的固定句型。固定句型“the+比较级...，the+比较级....”译为“越……，越……”。懒的比较级是lazier，多的比较级是more，故填the；lazier；more。 5. I always wanted to look like the girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我总是努力想让自己像在电视上的苗条女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。 【答案】slim 【详解】考查形容词。表示“苗条的”用形容词slim，修饰名词girls，作前置定语。故填slim。 6. 你有能力做得比这更好。 You are better work than this. 【答案】 capable of 【详解】考查形容词短语。空处缺少表语，结合句意“有能力做……”，应用固定短语be capable of，capable作表语。故填capable；of。 7. 我为这场比赛感到担忧，但我的父母耐心地鼓励我。(worried) the competition, but my parents encouraged me patiently. 【答案】 I was/felt worried about 【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。“我”是I，作主语；“为……感到担忧”用be/feel worried about表示，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填I；was/felt；worried；about。 8. 吉姆偶尔会买几本体育杂志。 Jim buys some sports magazines . 【答案】 now and then 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“偶尔”对应的固定短语now and then，在句子中作时间状语。故填now and then。 9. 新学期的第一天，孩子们依次走进教室。 On the first day of the new term, the children entered the classroom . 【答案】 one by one 【详解】考查副词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要“依次”对应的副词短语one by one作方式状语。故填one by one。 10. 我不喜欢恐怖片，因为它们太可怕了。 I don’t like thrillers, because . 【答案】they are too scary 【详解】考查句子结构，代词，动词，形容词和副词。表示“它们”应用代词they；表示“太”应用副词too，修饰形容词“可怕”scary；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时，句子用主系表结构，they作主语，系动词用are。故填they are too scary。 11. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。 survivors looked, there was but ruins. 【答案】 Everywhere nothing 【详解】考查副词和代词。句子可理解为“幸存者所看到的每个地方除了废墟外什么都没有”，对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“每个地方”，第二空意为“没有任何东西”，“每个地方”是everywhere，位于句首，首字母要大写，因此第一空是Everywhere；“没有任何东西”是nothing，nothing but意为“只有”，因此第二空填nothing。故填Everywhere，nothing。 12. is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 尤其令人惊叹的是印加人干式石头搭砌的建造方法. 【答案】 Especially amazing 【详解】考查副词和形容词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“尤其令人惊叹的”，“尤其”是especially，“令人惊叹的”是amazing，“尤其令人惊叹的”是especially amazing，整个句子是表语提前的倒装，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Especially，amazing。 13. 偶尔 (有时候)，我喜欢休息一天，只是放松一下。 , I like to take a day off and just relax. 【答案】 Now and then 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，应填now and then，表示“偶尔，有时候”，固定短语作状语，故填Now and then。 14. The explorers set off on their journey to the uncharted territories. 探险家们热切地踏上了前往未开发领域的旅程。 【答案】eagerly 【详解】考查副词。设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词短语set off。故填eagerly。 15. Take the medicine three times a day. 定时吃药，每天三次。 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。根据中英文提示，空处缺少副词修饰谓语动词take，应使用副词regularly“有规律地，定期地”。故填regularly。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 When Robert Moore’s family started planning his 100th birthday party in June, they wanted to make sure it was special. There was going to be a big family 1 , of course. However, since a lot of Robert’s friends are no longer 2 , his daughter, Alison, thought including their neighbors in the celebration would be a good 3 . A few days before the party, Alison 4 her plan with friends and community members in San Jose, California, 5 them to come to the party with their 6 if they could. Alison had little 7 and was prepared for only a handful of people to 8 . But hundreds of dogs and their owners 9 on the streets outside their house waiting 10 to be petted by Robert. What was even more 11 was that the dogs arrived in all sorts of costumes, from tuxedos to cowboy hats. There were some riding in classic cars, as well as dogs with disabilities pulling carts (小推车). The entire block was 12 with excitement, said Alison, and Robert was over the moon with the celebrations. “My father was 13 but at the same time, he was so excited for it. By the end of the event, he was so overwhelmed (应接不暇) with the 14 ,” Alison said. “He petted every single dog that came through. It was so 15 .” 1. A．letter B．dinner C．tree D．trip 2. A．asleep B．flexible C．alive D．talented 3. A．idea B．order C．attitude D．risk 4. A．equipped B．charged C．compared D．shared 5. A．driving B．promising C．asking D．enabling 6. A．dogs B．gifts C．cars D．drinks 7. A．food B．expectation C．time D．water 8. A．fall behind B．lie down C．show up D．check in 9. A．stayed in touch B．held their breath C．worked full time D．stood in line 10. A．patiently B．equally C．angrily D．regularly 11. A．stressful B．awkward C．cheerful D．effective 12. A．connected B．filled C．popular D．familiar 13. A．humorous B．adventurous C．energetic D．shocked 14. A．response B．stage C．honour D．march 15. A．horrible B．lovely C．sharp D．common 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗伯特百岁生日派对上邻居带狗来庆祝的温馨故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，会有一个盛大的家庭晚宴。A. letter信；B. dinner宴会；C. tree树；D. trip旅行。根据上文“When Robert Moore’s family started planning his 100th birthday party in June”和常识可知，庆祝生日通常会有家庭宴会。故选B。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于罗伯特的很多朋友已经不在人世了，所以他的女儿艾莉森认为让邻居们也参加庆祝活动是个好主意。A. asleep睡着的；B. flexible灵活的；C. alive活着的；D. talented有天赋的。根据上文“Robert Moore’s family started planning his 100th birthday party”可知，罗伯特已经100岁了，所以他的很多朋友已经去世，即不再活着。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. idea主意；B. order命令；C. attitude态度；D. risk风险。根据上文“his daughter, Alison, thought including their neighbors in the celebration would be a good”可知，让邻居参加庆祝活动是一个想法或主意。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：派对前几天，艾莉森与加州圣何塞的朋友和社区成员分享了她的计划，邀请他们如果可以的话带着他们的狗来参加派对。A. equipped装备；B. charged充电；C. compared比较；D. shared分享。根据下文“her plan with friends and community members in San Jose, California, ___5___ them to come to the party with their ___6___ if they could.”可知，艾莉森与朋友和社区成员分享了她的计划，同时邀请他们带狗来参加派对，share sth. with sb.“和某人分享某物”。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. driving驾驶；B. promising承诺；C. asking询问；D. enabling使能够。根据下文“them to come to the party with their ___6___ if they could.”可知，艾莉森请求他们是否可以带狗来参加派对，ask sb. to do sth.表示“请求某人做某事”，符合邀请邻居参加派对的语境。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同4小题。A. dogs狗；B. gifts礼物；C. cars汽车；D. drinks饮料。根据下文“But hundreds of dogs and their owners”可知，此处指的是带着狗来参加派对。故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾莉森没有抱太大期望，料想只有少数人会到场。A. food食物；B. expectation期望；C. time时间；D. water水。根据下文“was prepared for only a handful of people to ___8___.”可知，艾莉森只为少数人来做了准备，所以对参加派对的人数没有抱太大期望。故选B。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. fall behind落后；B. lie down躺下；C. show up出现；D. check in登记入住。根据上文“Alison had little ___7___ and was prepared for only a handful of people”可知，艾莉森预期只有少数人会到场。故选C。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是数百只狗和它们的主人在他们家外面的街道上排着队，耐心等待罗伯特的抚摸。A. stayed in touch保持联系；B. held their breath屏住呼吸；C. worked full time全职工作；D. stood in line排队。根据上文“hundreds of dogs and their owners”及下文“on the streets outside their house waiting ___10___ to be petted by Robert.”可知，狗的数量很多，所以狗和它们的主人在街道上排队等候。故选D。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. patiently耐心地；B. equally平等地；C. angrily生气地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“But hundreds of dogs and their owners ___9___ on the streets outside their house waiting”可知，数百只狗在排队等候，所以是耐心地等着罗伯特抚摸它们。故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更令人高兴的是，狗狗们穿着各种各样的服装，从燕尾服到牛仔帽。A. stressful有压力的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. cheerful令人高兴的；D. effective有效的。根据下文“the dogs arrived in all sorts of costumes, from tuxedos to cowboy hats.”可知，狗狗们身穿盛装，这令人高兴。故选C。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾莉森说，整个街区都充满了兴奋，罗伯特对庆祝活动欣喜若狂。A. connected连接着的；B. filled充满的；C. popular流行的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“What was even more ___11___ was that the dogs arrived in all sorts of costumes, from tuxedos to cowboy hats.”可知，街区热闹非凡，充满了兴奋，be filled with“充满……”。故选B。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲很震惊，但同时，他也非常兴奋。A. humorous幽默的；B. adventurous冒险的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. shocked震惊的。根据上文“Alison had little ___7___ and was prepared for only a handful of people to ___8____. But hundreds of dogs and their owners___9___ on the streets outside their house waiting ___10___ to be petted by Robert.”可知，艾莉森的父亲对这么多人和狗来参加他的生日派对感到震惊。故选D。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：活动结束时，他对大家的反应应接不暇。A. response反应；B. stage舞台；C. honour荣誉；D. march游行。根据上文“But hundreds of dogs and their owners ___9___ on the streets outside their house waiting”可知，如此多的人们带狗来参加派对的这种反应让艾莉森的父亲应接不暇。故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他抚摸了每一只来的狗。这太可爱了。A. horrible可怕的；B. lovely可爱的；C. sharp锋利的；D. common普通的。根据上文“He petted every single dog that came through.”可知，艾莉森认为父亲抚摸每一只来的狗的行为很可爱。故选B。 Passage 2 I sat at the table with my little son Matthew, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. “Mama, want to play?” “Not today, baby.” I 1 my head. I was still recovering from an operation. I hoped for 2 and happiness, but the future seemed so hopeless. Suddenly, Matthew shouted “Bird!” rushing to our courtyard. There was a white dove 3 in a rubber tree. It sat there for a few minutes, and then flew away. When I 4 myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with another bird carrying 5 . “Look, Matthew,” I said, pointing to the tree. “They’re going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the 6 all week, building on top of the rubber tree. Matthew could hardly 7 his excitement. Every morning, he’d 8 the kitchen, talking to the birds. His happiness was 9 . Aching as I was, I couldn’t help but feel cheerful. Then it all went 10 . One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground. I heard the twigs (细枝) 11 . Nothing good ever lasted. I wouldn’t 12 the doves if they never came back. But they returned. They started again from the beginning, as if nothing had happened. Watching the doves tirelessly carry sticks and arrange them 13 , I couldn’t help but see a 14 of my own journey. Just as they persevered in the face of 15 , I too found the strength to rebuild my own life. 1. A．adjusted B．nodded C．shook D．lifted 2. A．gratitude B．strength C．forgiveness D．promotion 3. A．resting B．stuck C．singing D．sleeping 4. A．adapted B．removed C．updated D．dragged 5. A．babies B．sticks C．awards D．aims 6. A．kitchen B．nest C．courtyard D．house 7. A．gather B．reserve C．establish D．contain 8. A．slide into B．burst into C．break into D．run into 9. A．important B．effective C．influential D．fascinating 10. A．wrong B．flat C．blind D．fine 11. A．go off B．set off C．break out D．break apart 12. A．respect B．blame C．protest D．investigate 13. A．hurriedly B．politely C．attentively D．beautifully 14. A．reply B．reflection C．benefit D．philosophy 15. A．obstacles B．dissatisfaction C．failures D．impatience 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从鸽子筑巢中汲取力量重建生活。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我摇了摇头。A. adjusted调整；B. nodded点头；C. shook摇头；D. lifted举起。根据上文“Not today, baby.”和下文“I was still recovering from an operation.”可知，作者拒绝了儿子的请求，因此是摇了摇头。故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望有力量和幸福，但未来似乎毫无希望。A. gratitude感激；B. strength力量；C. forgiveness原谅；D. promotion提升。根据上文“I was still recovering from an operation.”和下文“and happiness, but the future seemed so hopeless”可知，作者刚做完手术，因此希望有力量。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一只白鸽停在一棵橡胶树上。A. resting休息；B. stuck卡住；C. singing唱歌；D. sleeping睡觉。根据下文“in a rubber tree. It sat there for a few minutes, and then flew away.”可知，白鸽停在树上休息。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，当我拖着身子走进厨房时，鸽子又回来了。A. adapted适应；B. removed移除；C. updated更新；D. dragged拖，拽。根据上文“I was still recovering from an operation.”和下文“myself to the kitchen the next morning”可知，作者刚做完手术，身体虚弱，因此是拖着身子走进厨房。故选D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次它和另一只鸟一起，叼着树枝。A. babies婴儿；B. sticks树枝；C. awards奖品；D. aims目标。根据上文“This time it was with another bird carrying”和下文“Watching the doves tirelessly carry sticks”可知，鸽子叼着树枝搭建鸟窝。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸽子们一整周都在院子里飞来飞去，在橡胶树上筑巢。A. kitchen厨房；B. nest巢；C. courtyard庭院；D. house房子。根据上文“Suddenly, Matthew shouted “Bird!” rushing to our courtyard.”可知，鸽子在院子里筑巢。故选C。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马修几乎抑制不住他的兴奋。A. gather聚集；B. reserve保留；C. establish建立；D. contain控制，抑制。根据下文“his excitement. Every morning, he’d 8 the kitchen, talking to the birds.”可知，马修非常兴奋，几乎抑制不住。故选D。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天早上，他都会冲进厨房，和鸟儿说话。A. slide into溜进；B. burst into突然进入；C. break into闯入；D. run into撞上。根据上文“his excitement.”可知，马修非常兴奋，因此是冲进厨房。故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的快乐是有感染力的。A. important重要的；B. effective有效的；C. influential有影响的；D. fascinating迷人的。根据下文“Aching as I was, I couldn’t help but feel cheerful.”可知，马修的快乐感染了作者。故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后一切都出了问题。A. wrong错误的，有问题的；B. flat平坦的；C. blind盲的；D. fine好的。根据下文“One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground.”可知，鸽子的巢穴被风吹到了地上，所以一切都出了问题。go wrong“出问题”符合语境。故选A。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我听到树枝断裂的声音。A. go off爆炸；B. set off出发；C. break out爆发；D. break apart断裂。根据上文“One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground.”可知，强风把鸟巢吹到了地上，因此树枝断裂了。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它们再也不回来，我也不会责怪它们。A. respect尊重；B. blame责怪；C. protest抗议；D. investigate调查。根据下文“the doves if they never came back”可知，如果鸽子再也不回来，作者也不会责怪它们。故选B。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看着鸽子们不知疲倦地叼着树枝，精心地排列着，我不禁看到了自己人生旅程的反映。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. politely礼貌地；C. attentively精心地；D. beautifully美丽地。根据上文“But they returned. They started again from the beginning, as if nothing had happened. Watching the doves tirelessly carry sticks and arrange them”可知，鸽子们重新搭建鸟窝，精心地排列着树枝。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着鸽子们不知疲倦地叼着树枝，精心地排列着，我不禁看到了自己人生旅程的反映。A. reply回答；B. reflection反映；C. benefit利益；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“of my own journey”可知，作者从鸽子身上看到了自己人生旅程的反映。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像它们在面对障碍时坚持不懈一样，我也找到了重建自己生活的力量。A. obstacles障碍；B. dissatisfaction不满；C. failures失败；D. impatience不耐烦。根据上文“They started again from the beginning, as if nothing had happened”和“Just as they persevered in the face of”可知，鸽子在面对障碍时坚持不懈。故选A。 Passage 3 Do you still remember your dental (牙科的) visits? Last week, I made a (an) 1 with the dentist for my little sister Lily. She had been 2 of it for days, often saying, “What if I get hurt?” with her small face clouded with 3 . When we walked into the dental clinic, a friendly golden Labrador named Sunny 4 us, tail wagging (摇摆). The dentist, Dr. Smith, explained that Sunny was a comfort dog, trained to 5 nervous patients. When it was Lily’s 6 , she nervously climbed onto the chair. Dr. Smith gently asked her to open her mouth, but she 7 . Then, something surprising happened: Sunny 8 and pressed its nose against Lily’s hand, as if saying, “It’s okay.” Feeling a bit relieved, Lily opened her mouth slowly. As Dr. Smith started checking her teeth, Lily’s attention still stayed on the 9 . She touched its soft fur gently and felt 10 . Gradually, her body 11 . After the check-up, she smiled and reached out her arms to 12 Sunny. It was 13 to see how a furry friend could turn a scary dental visit into a pleasant experience. Sunny’s presence not only calmed Lily but also made me realize the strong 14 between humans and animals, and how a simple act of 15 can make a difference. 1. A．deal B．appointment C．plan D．agreement 2. A．afraid B．aware C．proud D．tired 3. A．joy B．satisfaction C．anxiety D．disappointment 4. A．ignored B．greeted C．attacked D．bit 5. A．scare B．harm C．calm D．watch 6. A．duty B．mistake C．turn D．choice 7. A．hesitated B．whispered C．agreed D．smiled 8. A．came over B．pulled over C．walked away D．passed away 9. A．doctor B．nurse C．chair D．dog 10. A．sweet B．confident C．proud D．warm 11. A．moved B．relaxed C．froze D．ached 12. A．push B．hug C．hit D．welcome 13. A．amazing B．common C．strange D．puzzling 14. A．similarity B．contrast C．competition D．connection 15. A．generosity B．courage C．kindness D．giving 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带妹妹Lily去看牙医，妹妹很害怕，而诊所里的安慰犬Sunny让妹妹放松下来，使看牙的经历变得愉快。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，我为我的小妹妹Lily和牙医预约了一次看牙。A. deal交易；B. appointment预约；C. plan计划；D. agreement协议。根据后文“with the dentist for my little sister Lily”可知，此处是和牙医预约看牙。故选B项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她已经害怕了好几天，经常小脸满是焦虑地说：“要是我受伤了怎么办？”A. afraid害怕的；B. aware意识到的；C. proud骄傲的；D. tired疲惫的。根据后文“often saying, ‘What if I get hurt?’”可知，Lily害怕看牙。故选A项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她已经害怕了好几天，经常小脸满是焦虑地说：“要是我受伤了怎么办？”A. joy快乐；B. satisfaction满意；C. anxiety焦虑；D. disappointment失望。根据前文“She had been 2 of it for days”和“What if I get hurt?”可知，Lily充满了焦虑。故选C项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走进牙科诊所时，一只友好的金色拉布拉多犬Sunny摇着尾巴迎接我们。A. ignored忽视；B. greeted迎接；C. attacked攻击；D. bit咬。根据后文“tail wagging (摇摆)”可知，Sunny友好地迎接我们。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：牙医史密斯博士解释说，Sunny是一只安慰犬，经过训练可以让紧张的病人平静下来。A. scare吓唬；B. harm伤害；C. calm使平静；D. watch观看。根据前文“a comfort dog”和后文“nervous patients”可知，Sunny的作用是让紧张的病人平静。故选C项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：轮到Lily的时候，她紧张地爬上了椅子。A. duty责任；B. mistake错误；C. turn轮次；D. choice选择。根据常识和后文“she nervously climbed onto the chair”可知，大家按顺序看牙，这里到了Lily看牙的顺序，即轮到她了。故选C项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯博士温柔地让她张开嘴，但她犹豫了。A. hesitated犹豫；B. whispered低语；C. agreed同意；D. smiled微笑。根据前文“she nervously climbed onto the chair”可知，Lily很紧张，所以会犹豫。故选A项。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，令人惊讶的事情发生了：Sunny走过来，把鼻子贴在Lily的手上，好像在说：“没关系。”A. came over走过来；B. pulled over靠边停车；C. walked away走开；D. passed away去世。根据后文“and pressed its nose against Lily’s hand”可知，Sunny走过来了。故选A项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当史密斯博士开始检查她的牙齿时，Lily的注意力仍然在那只狗身上。A. doctor医生；B. nurse护士；C. chair椅子；D. dog狗。根据前文“Sunny 8 and pressed its nose against Lily’s hand”可知，Lily的注意力在Sunny这只狗身上。故选D项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她轻轻地抚摸着它柔软的皮毛，感到很温暖。A. sweet甜蜜的；B. confident自信的；C. proud骄傲的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文“She touched its soft fur gently”可知，抚摸狗的皮毛让Lily感到温暖。故选D项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，她的身体放松了。A. moved移动；B. relaxed放松；C. froze冻结；D. ached疼痛。根据前文“Feeling a bit relieved”和“She touched its soft fur gently”可推知，在Sunny的帮助下，Lily的身体逐渐放松了。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：检查完后，她微笑着伸出双臂拥抱Sunny。A. push推；B. hug拥抱；C. hit打；D. welcome欢迎。根据前文“she smiled and reached out her arms”和后文“Sunny”可知，Lily是伸出双臂拥抱Sunny。故选B项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到一个毛茸茸的朋友能把一次可怕的看牙经历变成一次愉快的体验，真是令人惊讶。A. amazing令人惊讶的；B. common常见的；C. strange奇怪的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文“turn a scary dental visit into a pleasant experience”可知，这种转变是令人惊讶的。故选A项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sunny的出现不仅让Lily平静下来，也让我意识到人类和动物之间的紧密联系，以及一个简单的善举能带来多大的改变。A. similarity相似性；B. contrast对比；C. competition竞争；D. connection联系。根据前文“Sunny 8 and pressed its nose against Lily’s hand, as if saying, ‘It’s okay.’ Feeling a bit relieved, Lily opened her mouth slowly.”等内容，体现了Sunny这只动物给Lily这个人类带来了安慰和改变，说明人类和动物之间存在紧密的联系。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sunny的出现不仅让Lily平静下来，也让我意识到人类和动物之间的紧密联系，以及一个简单的善举能带来多大的改变。A. generosity慷慨；B. courage勇气；C. kindness善良，善举；D. giving给予。根据前文“Sunny was a comfort dog, trained to 5 nervous patients”以及Sunny安慰Lily的一系列行为可知，这是一种善良的举动，即善举。故选C项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The giant panda is known as panda bear or simply panda, 1 which the home is bamboo forests in the mountains of central China. In the past decades, the giant panda 2 (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development. Wild population estimates 3 (variety): one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals 4 (live) in the wild while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could reach up to 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that 5 number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise. The West first learned of the giant panda on 11 March 1869, 6 the French missionary (传教士) Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter. In 1936, Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner to bring a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. 7 (protect) pandas, in 2012, Earthwatch Institute, a global non-profit organization that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important 8 (science) research, launched a program called “On the Trail of Giant Panda”. This program, based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, allows 9 (voluntary) to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity (圈养), and help them 10 (gradual) adapt to life in the wild. 【答案】 1. of 2. has been driven 3. vary 4. living 5. the 6. when 7. To protect 8. scientific 9. volunteers 10. gradually 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍大熊猫的生存现状、发现历史及保护措施。 1. 考查介词。句意：大熊猫被称为熊猫熊或简称熊猫，它的家园是中国中部山区的竹林。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为panda，在从句中作定语，修饰home，表示所属关系，所以使用介词of，of which the home相当于whose home，表示“大熊猫的家园”。故填of。 2. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，由于农业、森林砍伐和其他发展，大熊猫被赶出了曾经居住的低地地区。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in the past decades可知，此处使用现在完成时，drive与主语the giant panda之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词使用has。故填has been driven。 3. 考查动词时态。句意：野生大熊猫数量的估计各不相同。此处为谓语动词，variety的动词形式为vary，意为“变化；不同”，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为复数，所以谓语动词使用原形。故填vary。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一项估计显示，野生大熊猫约有1590只，而2006年的一项研究估计，这一数字可能达到2000至3000只。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，live与所修饰的名词individuals之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填living。 5. 考查冠词。句意：一些报告还显示，野生大熊猫的数量正在上升。the number of“……的数量”，为固定短语，所以此处使用定冠词the。故填the。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：西方第一次了解到大熊猫是在1869年3月11日，当时法国传教士阿尔芒·戴维从一个猎人那里得到了一张熊猫皮。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为11 March 1869，在从句中作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when。故填when。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护大熊猫，2012年，地球观察研究所发起了一个名为“追踪大熊猫”的项目。地球观察研究所是一个全球性的非营利组织，它让志愿者与科学家合作进行重要的科学研究。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以使用不定式形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To protect。 8. 考查形容词。句意：同上。此处修饰名词research，应用形容词作定语，science的形容词为scientific，表示“科学的”。故填scientific。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：这个项目位于卧龙国家级自然保护区，允许志愿者近距离接触圈养的大熊猫，并帮助它们逐渐适应野外生活。此处为名词作宾语，voluntary的名词为volunteer，表示“志愿者”，且为可数名词，前面没有冠词，所以使用复数形式。故填volunteers。 10. 考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰动词adapt，应用副词作状语，gradual的副词为gradually，表示“逐渐地”。故填gradually。 Passage 2 The 1975 film Jaws starts with a 1 (scare) scene where a shark attacks a swimmer. It tells the story of a great white shark 2 (kill) people, and it was 3 a great success that it attracted huge audiences and won many awards. On the other hand, this movie strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a 4 (danger) animal. More afraid of great white sharks, many people stopped swimming in the sea or started killing sharks because of this fear. That’s one reason 5 after 1975, the number of large sharks dropped fast around the world. Another major reason was “finning” — fishermen catch sharks, cut off their fins for soup, and throw the sharks back into the sea 6 they die slowly and painfully. Peter Benchley, who wrote the book Jaws is based on, saw many dead sharks from finning in 1980. This changed him, and he 7 (fight) to protect sharks. He said his book was wrong: experts say sharks don’t try to attack humans, and only about six people 8 (kill) by sharks each year. 9 (fortunate), some people who watched the film Jaws became interested in understanding the sharks. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect sharks from dying 10 . 【答案】 1. scary 2. killing 3. such 4. dangerous 5. why 6. where 7. fought 8. are killed 9. Fortunately 10. out 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电影《大白鲨》对鲨鱼形象的影响及人们态度和保护行动的转变。 1. 考查形容词。句意：1975年的电影《大白鲨》以一个令人恐惧的场景开场，鲨鱼袭击了一名游泳者。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词scene，结合语境可知，此处表示“令人恐惧的”，应用形容词scary。故填scary。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它讲述了一个大白鲨杀死人类的故事，并且它取得了如此大的成功，以至于吸引了大量观众并赢得了许多奖项。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词shark，动词kill与名词shark之间是主动关系，空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填killing。 3. 考查副词。句意同上。such…that…“如此……以至于……”为固定句型，such后接名词。故填such。 4. 考查形容词。句意：另一方面，这部电影强化了人们长期以来认为大白鲨是一种危险动物的观念。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词animal，danger的形容词形式为dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么1975年之后，世界各地大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降的原因之一。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，空处需用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：另一个主要原因是“割鳍”——渔民捕捉鲨鱼，割下鱼鳍做汤，然后把鲨鱼扔回海里，在海里它们慢慢地痛苦地死去。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为sea，关系词在从句中作地点状语，空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：这改变了他，他开始为保护鲨鱼而斗争。根据changed可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，fight的过去式为fought。故填fought。 8. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他说他的书是错的：专家说鲨鱼不会试图攻击人类，每年只有大约6人被鲨鱼杀死。根据时间状语each year可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，表示经常性，习惯性的动作，主语people与kill之间为被动关系，空处谓语动词需用被动语态，主语是复数people，be动词需用are。故填are killed。 9. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，一些看过电影《大白鲨》的人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。空处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合语境可知，此处表示“幸运地”，应用副词fortunately，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。 10. 考查固定短语。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼的了解越来越多，越来越多的人希望保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。die out“灭绝”为固定短语，符合题意。故填out。 Passage 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Thank you.” This short but important English 1 (express) shows thanks for kind words or actions. But sometimes, those two words are not enough. As 2 matter of fact, when it comes to thanking people, you can be creative. 3 (thank) people, you can send a letter. Letter writing is becoming a lost art form. When you put pen to paper, people will be happy you spent time 4 (write). Don’t worry 5 the letter’s length (长度). Just express how thankful you are. You can take your thankfulness one step further and make a video. A visual (看得见的) thank you can be 6 (interest)．Film yourself opening a friend's gift. Perform a play or song to show your thanks to people 7 have helped you. You can also put together a simple gift bag. Little gifts show people 8 you think they’re important. They can also 9 (real) make someone happy. Do something special. You can take them to dinner 10 cook for them. Buy them the book they’ve been wanting. Any of these actions lets them know how much you appreciate them. 【答案】 1. expression 2. a 3. To thank 4. writing 5. about/over 6. interesting 7. who/that 8. that 9. really 10. or 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何以多种有创意的方式表达感谢。 1. 考查名词。句意：“谢谢”这个简短但重要的英语表达表达了对善意言语或行为的感谢。空处需用名词expression“表达”，在句中作主语。由空后的谓语shows可知，空处名词用单数形式。故填expression。 2. 考查冠词。句意：事实上，当涉及到感谢别人时，你可以很有创意。as a matter of fact“事实上”，固定短语。连接辅音音素，故填a。 3. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了感谢别人，你可以寄一封信。本句已有谓语动词send，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以空处需用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填To thank。 4. 考查动名词。句意：当你用笔在纸上写字时，人们会很高兴你花时间写信。spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词writing作宾语。故填writing。 5. 考查介词。句意：不要担心信的长度。worry about/over“担心……”，固定短语。故填about/over。 6. 考查形容词。句意：一个看得见的感谢是很有趣的。空处需用形容词作表语，此处表示“有趣的”，所以空处需用-ing形容词interesting，该词强调事物本身具有吸引他人的特质，能让人产生兴趣。故填interesting。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：表演一部戏剧或一首歌来表达你对帮助过你的人的感谢。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 8. 考查宾语从句。句意：小礼物向人们表明你认为他们很重要。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句的句子结构完整，且句意也完整，所以用that引导该从句。故填that。 9. 考查副词。句意：它们也真的能让人开心。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词make，real的副词为really“真正地”。故填really。 10. 考查连词。句意：你可以带他们去吃饭或者为他们做饭。根据空前后to dinner和cook for them可知，此处表示选择关系，需用连词or“或者”。故填or。 23 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$春季高考·必胜 第7讲 形容词&副词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、形容词：核心用法及位置规律 形容词用于描述人或事物的属性、特征或状态，主要修饰名词或代词，需根据功能明确其在句中的位置。 功能 用法说明 位置特征 示例 作定语 修饰名词，说明名词的属性 一般位于名词前；修饰复合不定代词（something, anything 等）时位于其后 a beautiful flower（前）；something important（后） 作表语 位于系动词（be, look, feel 等）后，说明主语状态 系动词 + 形容词 She is happy.；The cake tastes delicious. 作补语 补充说明宾语的状态 宾语 + 形容词 I find the story interesting. 作状语 说明主语的伴随状态或原因 位于句末或句首，用逗号隔开 He arrived, tired but excited. 注意事项： 1. 感官动词后的形容词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等感官动词后需接形容词（而非副词）表 “主语的特征”（如错误：It sounds beautifully. 正确：It sounds beautiful.）。 2. 复合不定代词的修饰：形容词修饰 “something, anything, nothing” 等时，必须后置（如错误：important something 正确：something important）。 二、形容词比较等级：变化规则及核心句型 形容词有原级、比较级、最高级三级，比较级表 “两者比较”，最高级表 “三者及以上比较”，需掌握规则 / 不规则变化及固定句型。 （1）比较等级变化表 类型 规则说明 原级 比较级 最高级 规则变化 单音节词直接加 “er/est” small smaller smallest 以 “e” 结尾加 “r/st” nice nicer nicest 重读闭音节双写尾字母加 “er/est” big bigger biggest “辅音 + y” 结尾变 y 为 i 加 “er/est” easy easier easiest 多音节词前加 “more/most” beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化 需特殊记忆 good/bad better/worse best/worst many/much more most far farther（距离）/further（程度） farthest/furthest （2）核心句型表 类型 句型结构 示例 原级 A + be + as + 原级 + as + B（A 和 B 一样……） She is as tall as her sister. A + be + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（A 不如 B……） He is not so clever as Tom. 比较级 A + be + 比较级 + than + B（A 比 B 更……） This book is more interesting than that one. 比较级 + and + 比较级（越来越……） It’s getting hotter and hotter. The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子（越…… 越……） The harder you study, the better grades you get. 最高级 A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围（A 是…… 中最…… 的） She is the tallest in her class. one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词（最…… 之一） Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China. 注意事项： 1. 比较级的修饰词：可用 “much, far, a lot”（…… 得多）、“a little, a bit”（…… 一点）修饰比较级（如：much taller, a little easier）。 2. 最高级的 “the” 省略：最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，省略 “the”（如：my best friend，而非 the my best friend）。 3. 不规则变化区分：“older” 表 “年龄 / 时间更老”，可接 “than”；“elder” 表 “长幼顺序”，不接 “than”（如：elder brother 哥哥）。 三、副词：分类、构成及用法 副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，按功能可分为多种类型，其中方式副词需重点掌握构成及位置。 （1）副词分类表 类型 功能说明 示例 时间副词 表动作发生的时间 now, yesterday, tomorrow, recently 地点副词 表动作发生的地点 here, there, up, down, everywhere 频率副词 表动作发生的频率 always, usually, often, never 程度副词 表动作 / 状态的程度 very, too, much, quite, almost 方式副词 表动作的方式（多以 “-ly” 结尾） carefully, quickly, happily, slowly 疑问副词 引导特殊疑问句 when, where, why, how （2）方式副词构成表 构成规则 示例 形容词 + ly quick → quickly, slow → slowly “辅音 + y” 结尾形容词变 y 为 i + ly easy → easily, lucky → luckily “-le” 结尾形容词去 e + y simple → simply, possible → possibly 特殊变化 good → well, true → truly, hard → hard（不变） （3）方式副词用法表 修饰对象 位置特征 示例 修饰动词 位于动词后或宾语后 He speaks English fluently. 修饰形容词 位于形容词前 The film is very interesting. 修饰副词 位于被修饰副词前 She runs much faster than me. 修饰整个句子 位于句首，用逗号隔开 Luckily, he passed the exam. 注意事项： 1. 易混淆 “-ly” 词：部分以 “-ly” 结尾的词是形容词（如：friendly 友好的、lovely 可爱的），不可误作副词（如错误：She speaks friendly. 正确：She is friendly.）。 2. 同形副词与形容词：部分词（hard, fast, early）既作形容词也作副词（如：hard work 努力的工作；work hard 努力工作）。 3. 副词比较级：“-ly” 结尾的副词比较级前加 “more”，最高级前加 “most”，且最高级可省略 “the”（如：He runs most quickly.）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I am checking . Could you give me the bill? 2．Her family's support is (particular) precious to Josie. 3．He folded his paper (neat) and tasted his coffee. 4．The toilet paper in the bathroom has run . 5．The whole experience was (definite) more positive than negative. 6．I’m (true) sorry to trouble you so much. 7．I (real) don’t know what to write about. 8．He played the role in an utterly (convince) way. 9．Some of our products have reached (advance) world levels. 10．He gave a （humor) account of their trip to Spain. 11．I don’t want my kids to get (addict) to stupid TV programs. 12．He stood up and went out for a walk to keep himself (relax). 13．The strange noise made us (frighten) last night. 14．Prevention of a problem is always ________(prefer) to trying to solve it. 15．Our income has gotten smaller, so we must be (real) and sell our car. 二、完成句子 1. 人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年食物供应的感激。 People celebrate to show that they are the year’s supply of food. 2. 渐渐了解了我的新同桌之后，我发现她求知欲强、友好。 After getting to know my new deskmate, I her and . 3. Copper is gold in color. 黄铜和黄金在颜色上相似。 4. 众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情越多。 As is known to us, a person is, the things he needs to do tomorrow. 5. I always wanted to look like the girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我总是努力想让自己像在电视上的苗条女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。 6. 你有能力做得比这更好。 You are better work than this. 7. 我为这场比赛感到担忧，但我的父母耐心地鼓励我。(worried) the competition, but my parents encouraged me patiently. 8. 吉姆偶尔会买几本体育杂志。 Jim buys some sports magazines . 9. 新学期的第一天，孩子们依次走进教室。 On the first day of the new term, the children entered the classroom . 10. 我不喜欢恐怖片，因为它们太可怕了。 I don’t like thrillers, because . 11. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。 survivors looked, there was but ruins. 12. is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 尤其令人惊叹的是印加人干式石头搭砌的建造方法. 13. 偶尔 (有时候)，我喜欢休息一天，只是放松一下。 , I like to take a day off and just relax. 14. The explorers set off on their journey to the uncharted territories. 探险家们热切地踏上了前往未开发领域的旅程。 15. Take the medicine three times a day. 定时吃药，每天三次。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 When Robert Moore’s family started planning his 100th birthday party in June, they wanted to make sure it was special. There was going to be a big family 1 , of course. However, since a lot of Robert’s friends are no longer 2 , his daughter, Alison, thought including their neighbors in the celebration would be a good 3 . A few days before the party, Alison 4 her plan with friends and community members in San Jose, California, 5 them to come to the party with their 6 if they could. Alison had little 7 and was prepared for only a handful of people to 8 . But hundreds of dogs and their owners 9 on the streets outside their house waiting 10 to be petted by Robert. What was even more 11 was that the dogs arrived in all sorts of costumes, from tuxedos to cowboy hats. There were some riding in classic cars, as well as dogs with disabilities pulling carts (小推车). The entire block was 12 with excitement, said Alison, and Robert was over the moon with the celebrations. “My father was 13 but at the same time, he was so excited for it. By the end of the event, he was so overwhelmed (应接不暇) with the 14 ,” Alison said. “He petted every single dog that came through. It was so 15 .” 1. A．letter B．dinner C．tree D．trip 2. A．asleep B．flexible C．alive D．talented 3. A．idea B．order C．attitude D．risk 4. A．equipped B．charged C．compared D．shared 5. A．driving B．promising C．asking D．enabling 6. A．dogs B．gifts C．cars D．drinks 7. A．food B．expectation C．time D．water 8. A．fall behind B．lie down C．show up D．check in 9. A．stayed in touch B．held their breath C．worked full time D．stood in line 10. A．patiently B．equally C．angrily D．regularly 11. A．stressful B．awkward C．cheerful D．effective 12. A．connected B．filled C．popular D．familiar 13. A．humorous B．adventurous C．energetic D．shocked 14. A．response B．stage C．honour D．march 15. A．horrible B．lovely C．sharp D．common Passage 2 I sat at the table with my little son Matthew, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. “Mama, want to play?” “Not today, baby.” I 1 my head. I was still recovering from an operation. I hoped for 2 and happiness, but the future seemed so hopeless. Suddenly, Matthew shouted “Bird!” rushing to our courtyard. There was a white dove 3 in a rubber tree. It sat there for a few minutes, and then flew away. When I 4 myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with another bird carrying 5 . “Look, Matthew,” I said, pointing to the tree. “They’re going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the 6 all week, building on top of the rubber tree. Matthew could hardly 7 his excitement. Every morning, he’d 8 the kitchen, talking to the birds. His happiness was 9 . Aching as I was, I couldn’t help but feel cheerful. Then it all went 10 . One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground. I heard the twigs (细枝) 11 . Nothing good ever lasted. I wouldn’t 12 the doves if they never came back. But they returned. They started again from the beginning, as if nothing had happened. Watching the doves tirelessly carry sticks and arrange them 13 , I couldn’t help but see a 14 of my own journey. Just as they persevered in the face of 15 , I too found the strength to rebuild my own life. 1. A．adjusted B．nodded C．shook D．lifted 2. A．gratitude B．strength C．forgiveness D．promotion 3. A．resting B．stuck C．singing D．sleeping 4. A．adapted B．removed C．updated D．dragged 5. A．babies B．sticks C．awards D．aims 6. A．kitchen B．nest C．courtyard D．house 7. A．gather B．reserve C．establish D．contain 8. A．slide into B．burst into C．break into D．run into 9. A．important B．effective C．influential D．fascinating 10. A．wrong B．flat C．blind D．fine 11. A．go off B．set off C．break out D．break apart 12. A．respect B．blame C．protest D．investigate 13. A．hurriedly B．politely C．attentively D．beautifully 14. A．reply B．reflection C．benefit D．philosophy 15. A．obstacles B．dissatisfaction C．failures D．impatience Passage 3 Do you still remember your dental (牙科的) visits? Last week, I made a (an) 1 with the dentist for my little sister Lily. She had been 2 of it for days, often saying, “What if I get hurt?” with her small face clouded with 3 . When we walked into the dental clinic, a friendly golden Labrador named Sunny 4 us, tail wagging (摇摆). The dentist, Dr. Smith, explained that Sunny was a comfort dog, trained to 5 nervous patients. When it was Lily’s 6 , she nervously climbed onto the chair. Dr. Smith gently asked her to open her mouth, but she 7 . Then, something surprising happened: Sunny 8 and pressed its nose against Lily’s hand, as if saying, “It’s okay.” Feeling a bit relieved, Lily opened her mouth slowly. As Dr. Smith started checking her teeth, Lily’s attention still stayed on the 9 . She touched its soft fur gently and felt 10 . Gradually, her body 11 . After the check-up, she smiled and reached out her arms to 12 Sunny. It was 13 to see how a furry friend could turn a scary dental visit into a pleasant experience. Sunny’s presence not only calmed Lily but also made me realize the strong 14 between humans and animals, and how a simple act of 15 can make a difference. 1. A．deal B．appointment C．plan D．agreement 2. A．afraid B．aware C．proud D．tired 3. A．joy B．satisfaction C．anxiety D．disappointment 4. A．ignored B．greeted C．attacked D．bit 5. A．scare B．harm C．calm D．watch 6. A．duty B．mistake C．turn D．choice 7. A．hesitated B．whispered C．agreed D．smiled 8. A．came over B．pulled over C．walked away D．passed away 9. A．doctor B．nurse C．chair D．dog 10. A．sweet B．confident C．proud D．warm 11. A．moved B．relaxed C．froze D．ached 12. A．push B．hug C．hit D．welcome 13. A．amazing B．common C．strange D．puzzling 14. A．similarity B．contrast C．competition D．connection 15. A．generosity B．courage C．kindness D．giving 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The giant panda is known as panda bear or simply panda, 1 which the home is bamboo forests in the mountains of central China. In the past decades, the giant panda 2 (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development. Wild population estimates 3 (variety): one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals 4 (live) in the wild while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could reach up to 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that 5 number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise. The West first learned of the giant panda on 11 March 1869, 6 the French missionary (传教士) Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter. In 1936, Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner to bring a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. 7 (protect) pandas, in 2012, Earthwatch Institute, a global non-profit organization that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important 8 (science) research, launched a program called “On the Trail of Giant Panda”. This program, based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, allows 9 (voluntary) to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity (圈养), and help them 10 (gradual) adapt to life in the wild. Passage 2 The 1975 film Jaws starts with a 1 (scare) scene where a shark attacks a swimmer. It tells the story of a great white shark 2 (kill) people, and it was 3 a great success that it attracted huge audiences and won many awards. On the other hand, this movie strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a 4 (danger) animal. More afraid of great white sharks, many people stopped swimming in the sea or started killing sharks because of this fear. That’s one reason 5 after 1975, the number of large sharks dropped fast around the world. Another major reason was “finning” — fishermen catch sharks, cut off their fins for soup, and throw the sharks back into the sea 6 they die slowly and painfully. Peter Benchley, who wrote the book Jaws is based on, saw many dead sharks from finning in 1980. This changed him, and he 7 (fight) to protect sharks. He said his book was wrong: experts say sharks don’t try to attack humans, and only about six people 8 (kill) by sharks each year. 9 (fortunate), some people who watched the film Jaws became interested in understanding the sharks. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect sharks from dying 10 . Passage 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Thank you.” This short but important English 1 (express) shows thanks for kind words or actions. But sometimes, those two words are not enough. As 2 matter of fact, when it comes to thanking people, you can be creative. 3 (thank) people, you can send a letter. Letter writing is becoming a lost art form. When you put pen to paper, people will be happy you spent time 4 (write). Don’t worry 5 the letter’s length (长度). Just express how thankful you are. You can take your thankfulness one step further and make a video. A visual (看得见的) thank you can be 6 (interest)．Film yourself opening a friend's gift. Perform a play or song to show your thanks to people 7 have helped you. You can also put together a simple gift bag. Little gifts show people 8 you think they’re important. They can also 9 (real) make someone happy. Do something special. You can take them to dinner 10 cook for them. Buy them the book they’ve been wanting. Any of these actions lets them know how much you appreciate them. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$