第14讲 非谓语动词-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第14讲 非谓语动词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式及核心含义 非谓语动词是句中 “不单独作谓语” 的动词形式，共三种类型，需根据 “时间（将来 / 进行 / 完成）” 和 “语态（主动 / 被动）” 选择适用形式。 类型 形式 核心含义 功能示例（作宾语） 不定式 to do 表目的、将来、未完成 He wants to go home.（表将来计划） 动名词 / 现在分词 doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作 She enjoys singing.（表主动爱好） 过去分词 done 表被动、完成、状态 The letter written by her is here.（表被动完成） 注意事项： 1. 句法功能限制：三种形式均可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，但动名词主要作主语 / 宾语，现在分词侧重作状语 / 定语，过去分词侧重表被动 / 完成。 2. 逻辑主语一致性：非谓语动词的逻辑主语需与句子主语一致（如错误：Walking in the street, a car hit him. 正确：Walking in the street, he was hit by a car.）。 二、非谓语动词作主语、宾语的用法对比 非谓语动词作主语和宾语时，需区分 “to do” 和 “doing” 的适用场景，尤其注意固定动词搭配。 （1）作主语的用法表 类型 用法说明 常用句型 示例 to do 表具体、一次性的动作或目的 1. It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb + to do 2. It takes sb + time + to do To learn English is important. It is easy to finish it. doing 表抽象、习惯性的动作 1. It is no use/good + doing 2. It is worth + doing Swimming is good for health. It is no use complaining. （2）作宾语的用法表 动词类型 适用非谓语形式 常见动词 / 短语示例 例句 只接 to do to do want, hope, decide, refuse, plan, manage She decided to go alone. 只接 doing doing enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practise, suggest He enjoyed reading novels. 接 to do/doing（含义不同） to do/doing remember（记得去做 / 记得做过） forget（忘记去做 / 忘记做过） stop（停下来去做 / 停止做） 1. Remember to lock the door. 2. I remember locking it. 接 to do/doing（含义相近） to do/doing like, love, start, begin She likes singing/to sing. 注意事项： 1. 形式宾语 “it” 的使用：动词 find/think/believe 后接 “it + adj. + to do”，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语为 to do（如：I find it hard to learn math.）。 2. 介词后接 doing：除 “to” 作不定式符号外，介词后均接 doing（如：by reading, look forward to meeting）。 三、非谓语动词作定语、状语的用法对比 非谓语动词作定语和状语时，需结合 “与被修饰词的关系” 和 “动作时间” 选择形式。 （1）作定语的用法表 类型 位置与关系 示例 to do 位于名词后，表将来或动宾关系 I have a letter to write.（表将来，我写信） The book to be read is interesting.（表被动将来） doing 位于名词前 / 后，表主动、进行 a barking dog（主动，正在叫的狗） The girl singing is my sister.（主动进行） done 位于名词前 / 后，表被动、完成 a broken cup（被动完成，破碎的杯子） The house built last year is big.（被动完成） （2）作状语的用法表 类型 逻辑关系与时间 示例 to do 表目的（“为了”），动作在谓语之后 He got up early to catch the bus.（目的） doing 表主动、同时进行；having done 表主动、先于谓语 Walking in the park, I saw her.（主动同时） Having finished homework, he went out.（主动先发生） done 表被动、完成；being done 表被动、进行 Seen from the top, the city is beautiful.（被动完成） Being repaired, the bike can't be used.（被动进行） 注意事项： 1. 定语的位置差异：to do 和 doing/done 作后置定语时，需注意与被修饰词的逻辑关系（主动用 doing，被动用 done/to be done）。 2. 状语的逗号分隔：作状语时，非谓语动词与主句之间常用逗号隔开，且需保证逻辑主语一致（如：Tired after work, she went to bed early. 逻辑主语 she 与 tired 一致）。 四、非谓语动词的常见易错点 易错类型 错误示例 正确示例 介词后接 to do He is good at to swim. He is good at swimming. remember/forget 混淆 I remember to meet her yesterday. I remember meeting her yesterday. 逻辑主语不一致 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran away. Seen by the cat, the mouse ran away. 感官动词后漏 to He was seen play basketball. He was seen to play basketball. 被动语态误用 The book needs to repair. The book needs repairing/to be repaired. 注意事项： 1. 感官动词的省略规则：主动语态中，see/hear 等感官动词后接 “sb do”（省略 to），但被动语态中需补回 to（如：主动 I saw him go. 被动 He was seen to go.）。 2. need 的特殊用法：need doing = need to be done，均表被动含义（如：The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.）。 3. 否定形式：非谓语动词的否定需在形式前加 not（如：not to do, not doing, not having done）。 一、单句语法填空：所给词的适当形式填空 1．Imagine (live) in a great forest without any friends. 【答案】living 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下生活在一片没有任何朋友的大森林里。imagine是及物动词，其后接动词作宾语时，需用动名词形式，构成短语imagine doing sth.意为 “想象做某事”，动词live的动名词形式是living。故填living。 2．The watch that was 50% off was beautiful, so I couldn’t resist (buy) it. 【答案】buying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那块打五折的手表很漂亮，所以我忍不住买了它。固定搭配can’t resist doing sth.表示 “忍不住做某事”，此处应用buy的动名词形式，作宾语。故填buying。 3．It usually takes me 20 minutes (walk) home from school. ​ 【答案】to walk 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：从我的学校步行回家通常要花我20分钟。“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。本空用walk“步行”的不定式，作真正的主语。故填to walk。 4．She tried (breathe) slowly to calm her nerves, but failed. 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查不定式。句意：她试着慢慢呼吸，让自己平静下来，但是失败了。try to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尝试做某事”，因此空格处用不定式作宾语。故填to breathe。 5．The teacher asked us (rate) each other's presentations fairly. 【答案】to rate 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：老师要求我们公平地评价彼此的展示。ask sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“要求某人做某事”，其中动词rate“评价”的不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to rate。 6．When scanning a text, you read it quickly in order to (find) out a specific piece of information. 【答案】find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你浏览文本时，你快速阅读是为了找出特定的信息。in order to do sth.为固定短语，意为“为了做某事”，to为不定式符号，后接动词原形，构成目的状语。故填find。 7．Though I like English very much, I have trouble (learn) English. 【答案】learning 【详解】考查动名词。句意：虽然我非常喜欢英语，但我在学习英语方面有困难。固定短语have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，本空应用learn的动名词，作宾语。故填learning。 8．What about (go) out and enjoying ourselves? 【答案】going 【详解】考查动名词。句意：出去好好享受一下怎么样？about是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，What about doing意为“做某事怎么样”，故填going。 9．I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives (wait)． 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在某处读到，我们一生中有整整三分之一的时间都在等待。本句谓语为spend，此处为非谓语动词，且spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以空处需用wait“等待”的动名词waiting，作宾语。故填waiting。 10．I used to smoke, but I gave up ______ (smoke) a couple of years ago. 【答案】smoking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去抽烟，但几年前已经戒烟了。 句中谓语动词为 gave up（放弃），其后需要接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配 give up doing sth.（放弃做某事）。故填smoking 11． (get) through all those messages every day isn't easy. 【答案】Getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天处理完所有那些信息并非易事。作句子的主语，用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Getting。 12．He left the hotel (surround) by crowds of journalists. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他在一群记者的簇拥下离开了酒店。本句谓语为left，此处为非谓语动词，主语He与动词surround“包围，围绕”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词 surrounded，作状语。故填surrounded。 13．I enjoy (dress) up and I teach them how to match clothes and wear makeup. 【答案】dressing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢打扮，并且教她们如何搭配衣服和化妆。“dress up”是固定短语，意为“打扮”，enjoy后需要接动词的动名词形式（V-ing）作宾语，表示“喜欢做某事”。故填dressing。 14．I’m determined (go) all out to live up to my parents’ expectations. 【答案】to go 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决心全力以赴，不辜负父母的期望。be determined to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to go。 15．Their manner of (raise) their young is very strict. 【答案】raising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们抚养后代的方式非常严格。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用动名词raising作宾语。故填raising。 二、完成句子 1. As a senior high school student, what can you do ? 作为一名高中生，你能做些什么来帮助有需要的人？ 【答案】to help people in need 【详解】考查动词不定式和介词短语。“帮助有需要的人”为help people in need，在本句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to help people in need。 2. It was their first meeting and John was determined to . 这是他们第一次见面，约翰决心留下好印象。 【答案】 make good impressions 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意和空数可知，表示“留下好印象”可用固定短语make good impressions，再根据空格前的不定式符号to(be determined to do)可知，应该用动词原形。故答案为①make②good③impressions 3. 通过积极看待我和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐，也更加健康了。 By myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. 【答案】 being positive about 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意“积极对待”短语为be positive about，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填being positive about。 4. 我想申请这家公司的实习岗位。 I want to an internship at this company. 【答案】 apply for 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“申请”为apply for。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，此处为不定式作宾语，空处应为动词原形。故填①apply；②for。 5. 我试图阻止我父亲吸烟，但失败了。 I tried to , but failed. 【答案】stop my father from smoking 【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。“阻止某人做某事”用stop somebody from doing表示，根据空格前的不定式符号to可知，stop用动词原形；“我父亲”翻译为my father；“吸烟”用动名词smoking。故填stop my father from smoking。 6. We found the door when we came back. 我们回来的时候发现门锁上了。 【答案】locked 【详解】考查动词。表示“锁上”使用动词lock，此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，lock和door之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填locked。 7. She walked down the street, by her friends. 她走在街上，被朋友们围着。 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查过去分词。结合句意可知，此处用动词surround表示“围着”，句中已有谓语动词walked，此处为非谓语动词作状语，she与surround之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 8. 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独自生活。 When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to on his own. 【答案】adjust to living 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示“适应”，可以将其翻译为英语中的固定短语“adjust to”。其中，“adjust”表示“调整”，“to”作为介词，与后面的名词或动名词构成介宾结构，表示调整或适应的对象。“生活”在这里应翻译为“live”，接在介词“to”后，因此应使用其动名词形式living，作宾语。“learn to do sth.”，即“学习做某事”。不定式to后接动词原形。 故答案为adjust to living。 9. , our school organized a mountainclimbing on October 30th. 为了鼓励学生进行户外运动，我们学校于10月30日组织了一次登山活动。 【答案】In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise 【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。“为了”用in order to作目的状语；“鼓励某人做某事”用encourage somebody to do something表示；“学生”翻译为the students；“进行户外运动”翻译为take outdoor exercise。故填In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise 10. , all the students were divided into two groups. 一到达花园，所有学生就被分成两组。 【答案】On/Upon arriving at the garden 【详解】考查动名词和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“一…… 就……”常用“On/Upon + 动名词”结构作时间状语，此处“arrive at”表示“到达”，动名词形式为 “arriving at”。“On/Upon arriving at the garden”相当于时间状语从句“as soon as they arrived at the garden”，符合“刚到达花园就……”的语境，且结构简洁，符合英文表达习惯。故填On/Upon arriving at the garden。 11. Would you like with me? 你愿意和我去购物吗? 【答案】to go shopping 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。表示“愿意做某事”为固定搭配“would like to do sth.”；表示“去购物”常用固定短语“go shopping”。故填to go shopping。 12. He has enough courage to . 他有足够的勇气来克服这个困难。 【答案】overcome the difficulty 【详解】考查动词和时态。表示“克服”应用动词overcome，由空前的不定式符号to可知应用动词原形，表示“这个困难”应用名词the difficulty，作宾语，故答案为overcome the difficulty。 13. She looked up for a minute and then continued . 她抬头看了一会儿，然后继续画。 【答案】drawing 【详解】考查动名词。设空处为画画，为动词draw，接在continue后，用动名词表示继续同一件事情，用不定式表示继续做另一件事情，所以这里表示继续画画这件事，应用动名词作宾语，故填drawing。 14. 我计划参观北京, 中国的首都。 I am Beijing, the capital of China. 【答案】planning to visit/pay a visit to 【详解】考查动词时态和固定用法。本题要翻译“计划参观”，空前有be动词am，要与V-ing连用构成现在进行时。“计划”的V-ing是planning，其后要接动词不定式作宾语，“参观”可以用to visit或to pay a visit to表示。故填planning to visit/pay a visit to。 15. 为了保持健康，医生建议我马上戒烟。（advise） To keep healthy, the doctor smoking in no time. 【答案】advised me to give up 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“建议我戒掉”的英文表达。表示“建议某人做某事”应用所给提示词advise的固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，其中动词advise意为“建议”，结合语境可知，医生提出建议应是已经发生的动作，用一般过去时，advise用过去式advised，“我”用宾格me作advise的宾语，表示“戒掉”用固定短语give up，即用不定式形式to give up作宾补。故填advised me to give up。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Retirement hasn’t slowed down 90-year-old great-grandmother Jeanie Shaffer. She has made more than 11, 000 tiny 1 for newborns in her golden years. Every hat is made with special care and she has 2 them all to the local hospital for the last 15 years. Hospital staff put a hat on a baby soon after 3 to keep warm. A warm hat calms and 4 newborns as they adjust to life 5 the womb (子宫). That is why the hospital staff and new 6 are so appreciative of Jeanie’s handmade hats. Many families 7 the hats because they 8 emotional value to their baby’s first hat. Jeanie and her husband have a 9 family, with seven children, 15 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren. Although she has plenty to keep her 10 , she still found time to start a fun hobby in her 70s after she 11 . To honor Jeanie’s years of hard work and selfless volunteerism, the staff decided to 12 pictures of her creations to fill an album (相册). The hospital made a special 13 on social media to all the new moms to submit a picture of their newborn wearing the hat they had received, which was responded 14 . Thousands of grateful new moms soon shared 15 photos of their newborns wearing their special hats. The staff then selected part of the pictures for the album that they presented to Jeanie. 1. A．shoes B．socks C．gloves D．hats 2. A．sold B．lent C．donated D．posted 3. A．birth B．operation C．breakfast D．sleep 4. A．motivates B．comforts C．relieves D．annoys 5. A．outside B．upward C．inside D．downward 6. A．doctors B．moms C．nurses D．babies 7. A．protect B．abandon C．keep D．throw 8. A．seek B．announce C．carry D．attach 9. A．normal B．cute C．large D．rich 10. A．wealthy B．kind C．warm D．busy 11. A．retired B．married C．moved D．died 12. A．collect B．copy C．deliver D．took 13. A．suggestion B．survey C．request D．search 14. A．positively B．gradually C．ultimately D．apparently 15. A．reliable B．available C．respectable D．adorable 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了珍妮·谢弗退休后仍然抽出时间，为新生儿制作小帽子，这得到了数千新妈妈的感激。为了纪念珍妮多年的辛勤工作和无私的志愿服务，医院的工作人员收集珍妮的照片，制成了一本相册送给珍妮。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的流金岁月里，她已经为新生儿制作了超过11000顶小帽子。A. shoes鞋；B. socks袜子；C. gloves手套；D. hats帽子。根据下文“Every hat is made with special care and she has  ___2___  them all to the local hospital for the last 15 years.”可知，此处表示曾祖母为新生儿制作小帽子。故选D项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一顶帽子都是经过特别精心制作的，在过去的15年里，她把它们都捐赠给了当地的医院。A. sold卖；B. lent借；C. donated捐赠；D. posted张贴。根据下文“To honor Jeanie’s years of hard work and selfless volunteerism, the staff decided to  ___12___  pictures of her creations to fill an album (相册).”可推知，曾祖母精心制作的帽子被捐赠给了当地的医院。故选C项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：医院工作人员在婴儿出生后不久就给婴儿戴上帽子保暖。A. birth出生；B. operation操作；C. breakfast早餐；D. sleep睡觉。根据下文“A warm hat calms and  ___4___  newborns as they adjust to life  ___5___  the womb (子宫).”可知，此处表示在婴儿出生后不久。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当新生儿适应子宫外的生活时，一顶温暖的帽子可以让他们平静和舒适。A. motivates激励；B. comforts安慰；使缓和；C. relieves缓解；D. annoys使恼怒。根据上文“Hospital staff put a hat on a baby soon after  ___3___  to keep warm. A warm hat calms and”可推知，此处表示一顶温暖的帽子可以让新生儿平静下来，感觉舒适。故选B项。 5. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当新生儿适应子宫外的生活时，一顶温暖的帽子可以让他们平静和舒适。A. outside在……外部；B. upward向上；C. inside在……内部；D. downward向下。根据上文“A warm hat calms and  ___4___  newborns as they adjust to life”以及常识可知，婴儿出生就意味着离开妈妈的身体，需要适应子宫之外的生活。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么医院工作人员和新妈妈们如此欣赏珍妮手工制作的帽子。A. doctors医生；B. moms妈妈；C. nurses护士；D. babies婴儿。根据下文“Thousands of grateful new moms soon shared  ___15___  photos of their newborns wearing their special hats.”以及语境可知，新妈妈们心怀感激，所以此处表示新妈妈们欣赏珍妮手工制作的帽子。故选B项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多家庭保留这顶帽子是因为他们重视孩子的第一顶帽子的情感价值。A. protect保护；B. abandon放弃；C. keep保留；D. throw扔。根据下文“because they  ___8___  emotional value to their baby’s first hat.”可知，许多家庭重视孩子第一顶帽子的情感价值，所以他们保留这顶帽子。故选C项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多家庭保留这顶帽子是因为他们重视孩子的第一顶帽子的情感价值。A. seek寻求；B. announce宣布；C. carry携带；D. attach重视。根据下文“emotional value to their baby’s first hat”以及语境可知，此处表示许多家庭重视孩子第一顶帽子的情感价值，所以他们保留这顶帽子。故选D项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珍妮和她的丈夫有一个大家庭，有7个孩子，15个孙子和28个曾孙。A. normal正常的；B. cute可爱的；C. large大；D. rich富有的。根据下文“with seven children, 15 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren”可知，珍妮和丈夫的家庭成员很多，他们有一个大家庭。故选C项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管她有很多事情要忙，但在70多岁退休后，她还是抽出时间开始了一项有趣的爱好。A. wealthy富有的；B. kind善良的；C. warm温暖的；D. busy忙碌的。根据上文“Jeanie and her husband have a  ___9___  family, with seven children, 15 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren”可知，珍妮有一个大家庭，所以此处表示她很忙碌。故选D项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她有很多事情要忙，但在70多岁退休后，她还是抽出时间开始了一项有趣的爱好。A. retired退休；B. married结婚；C. moved移动；D. died死。根据上文“Retirement hasn’t slowed down 90-year-old great-grandmother Jeanie Shaffer.”可知，此处表示珍妮退休之后。故选A项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了纪念珍妮多年的辛勤工作和无私的志愿服务，工作人员决定收集她的作品照片来填满一本相册。A. collect收集；B. copy复制；C. deliver递送；D. took拿。根据下文“pictures of her creations to fill an album (相册).”可知，此处表示填满一本相册，所以要收集她的照片。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：医院在社交媒体上特别请求所有新妈妈提交一张新生儿戴着收到的帽子的照片，这得到了积极回应。A. suggestion建议；B. survey调查；C. request请求；D. search搜索。根据下文“on social media to all the new moms to submit a picture of their newborn wearing the hat they had received,”可知，此处表示医院在社交媒体上发布特别的请求。故选C项。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：医院在社交媒体上特别请求所有新妈妈提交一张新生儿戴着收到的帽子的照片，这得到了积极回应。A. positively积极地；B. gradually逐渐；C. ultimately最终；D. apparently显然地。根据下文“Thousands of grateful new moms soon shared  ___15___  photos of their newborns wearing their special hats.”可知，数千新妈妈分享了照片，所以此处表示医院的特别请求得到了积极回应。故选A项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数千心怀感激的新妈妈们很快分享了他们新生儿戴着特别的帽子的可爱照片。A. reliable可信赖的；B. available可获得的；C. respectable值得尊敬的；D. adorable可爱的。根据下文“photos of their newborns wearing their special hats.”以及常识可知，新生儿戴着帽子的照片会是非常可爱的。故选D项。 Passage 2 For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujill has made it — she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad’s 4 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained. Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency. But Diana hasn’t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars. 1. A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover 2. A．astronaut B．engineer C．pilot D．doctor 3. A．hesitation B．complaint C．expectation D．promise 4. A．command B．footstep C．request D．suggestion 5. A．go B．pass C．struggle D．push 6. A．mission B．career C．adventure D．process 7. A．risk-taking B．life-changing C．time-consuming D．energy-saving 8. A．Realizing B．Remembering C．Imagining D．Assuming 9. A．record B．share C．inspire D．finish 10. A．started B．abandoned C．suspended D．continued 11. A．immediately B．eventually C．gradually D．suddenly 12. A．left B．succeeded C．stopped D．reached 13. A．encouraging B．promising C．allowing D．persuading 14. A．symbol B．notice C．warning D．reminder 15. A．stare at B．reach for C．long for D．come after 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujill克服重重困难，成为了美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Diana Trujill做到了——她现在是一名工程师，领导着一个45人的团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反；C. However然而；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujill has made it”可知，对于Diana Trujill这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是不可及的事情，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Diana Trujill做到了——她现在是一名工程师，领导着一个45人的团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. astronaut宇航员；B. engineer工程师；C. pilot飞行员；D. doctor医生。根据下文“leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujill领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，而且学的是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地听从了父亲的建议。A. hesitation犹豫；B. complaint抱怨；C. expectation期望；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知，还是个小女孩的时候，Diana就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的想法，固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地听从了父亲的建议。A. command命令；B. footstep脚步；C. request请求；D. suggestion建议。根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：刚到美国时身上只有300美元，Trujill不得不通过做一系列家政工作来艰难地完成学业。A. go去；B. pass通过；C. struggle挣扎；D. push推动。根据上文“with just $300”和“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujill当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱，由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业，固定短语struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程绝对不容易，但Trujill从不抱怨。A. mission任务；B. career职业；C. adventure冒险；D. process过程。根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to ___5___ through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知，此处指Trujill通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接着，Trujill又经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。A. risk-taking冒险的；B. life-changing改变人生的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. energy-saving节能的。根据下文“___8___ she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to ___9___ Trujillo’s career goals.”可知，Trujill由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此是经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己“离认识宇航员只有一个人的距离”，这激励了Trujill的职业目标。A. Realizing意识到；B. Remembering记住；C. Imagining想象；D. Assuming假定。根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut””可推知，教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己“离认识宇航员只有一个人的距离”，这激励了Trujill的职业目标。A. record记录；B. share分享；C. inspire激励；D. finish完成。根据上文“she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut””可知，自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujill的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她继续学习空间科学，并最终在2007年成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。A. started开始；B. abandoned放弃；C. suspended暂停；D. continued继续。根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujill一开始学的就是空间科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，她继续学习空间科学，并最终在2007年成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。A. immediately立即地；B. eventually最终地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文叙述的Trujill克服经济困难，努力完成学业，以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下，继续学习可推知，此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Diana并没有就此止步。A. left离开；B. succeeded成功；C. stopped停止；D. reached到达。根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana还做了其他的事情，因此是并没有就此停止。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还以身作则，鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。A. encouraging鼓励；B. promising承诺；C. allowing允许；D. persuading劝说。根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作则，因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她自己的故事提醒我们，在这个障碍之外，整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意努力工作去摘星星的人。A. symbol象征；B. notice通知；C. warning警告；D. reminder提醒。根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujill克服重重困难，成为了美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她自己的故事提醒我们，在这个障碍之外，整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意努力工作去摘星星的人。A. stare at盯着；B. reach for伸手够；C. long for渴望；D. come after跟随。根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujill追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。 Passage 3 In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 1 world. But what happened to Mars? And most 2 , did life once exist on this Red Planet? On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 3 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 4 . The rover started its 5 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 6 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 7 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 8 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 9 up in it. With the 10 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 11 that Gale Crater was once a lake. One of the 12 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 13 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 14 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 15 for most life. Do you know what most living things need? Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life. 1. A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy 2. A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously 3. A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out 4. A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather 5. A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle 6. A．hang B．work C．land D．pull 7. A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake 8. A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted 9. A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked 10. A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests 11. A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept 12. A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts 13. A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position 14. A．length B．level C．height D．point 15. A．sign B．rule C．will D．must 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器在火星上的任务及发现。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火星曾经是一个水的世界。A. watery水的，含水的；B. dusty布满灰尘的；C. sandy含沙的；D. grassy长满草的。根据下文“Gale Crater used to hold a ____7____ filled with water”提到火星上的Gale Crater有很多水可知，火星曾经是一个水的世界，故选A。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？A. quickly快速地；B. certainly当然；C. dangerously危险地；D. mysteriously神秘地。结合下文“did life once exist on this Red Planet?”以及下文“Its mission: to ____3____ whether Mars was once a place where living things could ____4____.”提到任务是探测火星上是否有生命可知，此处指最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？故选D。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它的任务是：弄清楚火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方。A. get over克服；B. make up构成；C. look for寻找；D. figure out弄清楚。下文“whether Mars was once a place”表示疑问，故此处指任务是弄清楚火星是否曾经有生命，故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grow长大，成长；B. survive生存；C. move移动；D. gather聚集。结合上文“did life once exist on this Red Planet?”可知，此处指火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方，故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程。A. journey旅程；B. goal目标；C. performance表演；D. struggle挣扎。上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”提到，好奇号探测器降落在火星上，此处指它从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程，故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国宇航局让探测器在那里着陆是因为Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊。A. hang悬挂；B. work工作；C. land降落，着陆；D. pull拉。根据上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”以及“The rover started its ____5____ in a place called Gale Crater.”可知，探测器在火星上的Gale Crater着陆，故选C。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. street街道；B. plate盘子；C. pool水池；D. lake湖泊。根据空后“filled with water”以及本段末句中“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知，Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊，故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：探测器到达那里后，用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石。A. broke打破；B. analyzed分析；C. obtained获得；D. adjusted调整。根据“some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments”以及下文“And it found minerals…”可知，此处指用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石，并有所发现，故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它发现了含有水分的矿物质。A. waken醒来；B. lifted举起；C. lit点燃；D. locked锁，使固定。关系代词that指代minerals，指里面锁有水分的矿物质，故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据探测器收集的数据，地球上的科学和工程团队能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊。A. data数据；B. tips建议；C. tricks技巧；D. tests测试。根据上文提到分析岩石以及空后“the rover collected”可知，此处指探测器收集的数据，故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. admit承认；B. invent发明；C. confirm确认；D. accept接受。根据“Gale Crater was once a lake.”可知，此处指根据数据能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊，故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星车带到火星的工具之一是激光。A. tools工具；B. projects项目，工程；C. orders订单，命令；D. facts事实。根据“a laser (激光器)”可知，此处指工具，故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家，在火星过去的某个时刻，大气中有大量的氧气，这是大多数生命所必需的。A. success成功；B. attempt尝试；C. discovery发现；D. position位置。根据上文“And it found minerals that had water ____9____ up in it.”以及空后“tells scientists”可知，此处指探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家火星上曾经有氧气，故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. length长度；B. level水平；C. height高度；D. point点，时刻。根据空后“in Mars’past”可知，此处指在火星过去的某些时候，at some point“在某些时候”，故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sign标志；B. rule规则；C. will意愿；D. must必要条件，必须要做的事。which指代先行词oxygen，结合空后“for most life”和常识可知，氧气是大多数生命所必需的，故选D。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists found surprising differences in the amount of water on the two sides of the moon by 1 (study) rock samples from the Chang’e 6 mission. Their findings, 2 (publish) in the journal Nature, show that rocks from the far side of the moon have less water than those from the near side. The rocks from the far side have 1 to 1.5 micrograms of water per gram, 3 is less than one-third of the water found in rocks from the near side. “This result assists us to understand how the moon was formed and how it has changed over time,” said Hu, 4 scientist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Over the last twenty years, many studies have shown that water is not 5 (equal) spread inside the moon, with amounts ranging from 1 6 200 micrograms per gram. “This new finding about the far side’s water content helps us better understand the moon’s overall water. It also gives 7 (clue) about how the moon was made and how it has evolved (逐渐形成), because water is very important in 8 (this) processes,” said Hu. This study is important for estimating (估算) how much water is on the moon. 9 (far) research on the Chang’e 6 samples 10 (help) us learn more about the history of the Earth and moon. 【答案】 1. studying 2. published 3. which 4. a 5. equally 6. to 7. clues 8. these 9. Further 10. will help 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国科学家研究嫦娥六号样本，发现月球两侧水量差异，此发现对了解月、地历史意义重大。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学家通过研究嫦娥六号任务带回的岩石样本，发现月球两侧的水量存在惊人差异。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填studying。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究结果发表在《自然》杂志上，显示月球背面的岩石含水量低于月球近面。此空考查非谓语，findings与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作定语。故填published。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：月球背面岩石的含水量为每克1至1.5微克，不到月球近面岩石含水量的三分之一。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. 考查冠词。句意：中国科学院的胡研究员表示：“这一结果有助于我们理解月球的形成过程及其随时间的演变。”scientist为可数名词单数，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且scientist以辅音音素开头。故填a。 5. 考查副词。句意：在过去二十年中，多项研究表明，月球内部的水分布并不均匀，其含量从每克1微克到200微克不等。修饰动词spread用副词equally，表“均等地”，符合语境。故填equally。 6. 考查介词。句意：在过去二十年中，多项研究表明，月球内部的水分布并不均匀，其含量从每克1微克到200微克不等。这里考查range from...to...，为固定搭配，意为“从……到……不等”。故填to。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：胡研究员说：“这项关于月球背面含水量的新发现有助于我们更好地了解月球的整体水资源情况。它也为我们提供了关于月球形成和演化的线索，因为水在这些过程中起着非常重要的作用。”clue为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式。故填clues。 8. 考查代词。句意：研究员说：“这项关于月球背面含水量的新发现有助于我们更好地了解月球的整体水资源情况。它也为我们提供了关于月球形成和演化的线索，因为水在这些过程中起着非常重要的作用。” 修饰复数名词processes用this的复数形式these。故填these。 9. 考查形容词比较级。句意：这项研究对于估算月球上的水量具有重要意义。对嫦娥六号样本的进一步研究将帮助我们更多地了解地球和月球的历史。此处表示“进一步的”，应用形容词比较级further，且句首时首字母大写。故填Further。 10. 考查时态。句意：这项研究对于估算月球上的水量具有重要意义。对嫦娥六号样本的进一步研究将帮助我们更多地了解地球和月球的历史。根据语境，“对嫦娥六号样本的进一步研究”是将来的动作，用一般将来时，且research和help为主动关系。故填will help。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Though China’s space program started later than 1 of Russia and the US, it has made great progress. Fifty years ago, China 2 (success) launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. 3 (honour) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24. The mission, Tianwen got its name 4 a long poem Tianwen written by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a range of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural 5 (phenomenon), myths and the real world, 6 (reflect) his doubts on traditional ideas and his pursuit (追求) of truth. For the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Chang’e series, 7 (further) mankind’s understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 8 signals a milestone for China’s move toward deep space. With the name’s deep root in Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen shows the 9 (determine) and perseverance of Chinese people. From its first launch to becoming the third country in the world to independently launch 10 (man) satellites, China now proudly stands in the list of technological advanced countries. 【答案】 1. those 2. successfully 3. To honour 4. from 5. phenomena 6. reflecting 7. have furthered 8. which 9. determination 10. manned 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国航天事业的发展历程和成就，包括首次卫星发射、火星探测任务的命名以及中国航天在国际上的地位等。 1. 考查代词。句意：尽管中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但已取得了巨大进步。此处指代前面的space program，且为复数概念（俄罗斯和美国的太空计划），为同名不同物的复数名词，为避免重复应用those替代。故填those。 2. 考查副词。句意：50年前，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星“东方红一号”，开启了太空探索的新篇章。修饰动词launch，应用success的副词形式successfully作状语，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为纪念其成立50周年，中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测计划的名称。根据语意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To honour。 4. 考查介词。句意：“天问”任务得名于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。结合句意可知，根据语意可知，此处表示“得名于……”，应用固定短语get its name from，from表示“来源于……”。故填from。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星辰、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的质疑和对真理的追求。phenomenon意为“现象”，为可数名词，根据空前的a range of questions和语境可知，此处应用其复数形式 phenomena表示泛指。故填phenomena。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词raised，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式，reflect与主语Qu之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填reflecting。 7. 考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括神舟和嫦娥系列，进一步加深了人类对地球和宇宙的理解。根据时间状语For the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语China’s missions为复数，助动词应用have。故填have furthered。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：此次，“天问”系列将执行首次火星探测任务，这标志着中国向深空迈进的一个里程碑。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 9. 考查名词。句意：“天问”这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化，体现了中国人民的决心和毅力。此处与perseverance并列作shows的宾语，应用determine的名词形式determination，为不可数名词，意为“决心”。故填determination。 10. 考查形容词。句意：从首次发射到成为世界上第三个独立发射载人卫星的国家，中国现在自豪地跻身于技术先进国家之列。修饰名词satellites，应用man的形容词形式manned作定语，意为“载人的，由人操控的”，manned satellite意为“载人卫星”。故填manned。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mankind has always explored space in the hope 1 finding out more about the universe. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realize 2 (they) dream to explore space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person 3 (travel) into space. Eight years later, Apollo 11 4 (success) in landing on the Moon, where Neil Armstrong took “a giant leap for mankind”. However, space 5 (explore) has faced many challenges. Astronauts must survive radiation and extreme temperatures. To solve these problems, scientists have developed 6 (advance) equipment since the 1950s. The International Space Station, 7 was built in 1998, allows astronauts to live and work in space for months. Nowadays, space programs focus on 8 (find) signs of life on Mars. Robots 9 (send) to collect soil samples in recent years. While some people question 10 space research is worth the cost, others believe it helps us understand Earth better. After all, as Armstrong once said, mysteries of the universe are waiting to be explored. 【答案】 1. of 2. their 3. to travel 4. succeeded 5. exploration 6. advanced 7. which 8. finding 9. have been sent 10. whether/if 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人类探索太空的历程。 1. 考查介词。句意：人类一直在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。in the hope of为固定短语，意为“怀着……的希望”，所以此处填of。故填of。 2. 考查代词。句意：然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现他们探索太空的梦想。根据语境，这里指代humans，修饰名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1961年，尤里·加加林成为第一个进入太空的人。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，the first person to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的人”，所以此处用to travel。故填to travel。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：八年后，阿波罗11号成功登陆月球，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在那里迈出了“人类的一大步”。根据时间状语“Eight years later”以及语境可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，success的动词形式是succeed，其过去式为succeeded。故填succeeded。 5. 考查名词。句意：然而，太空探索面临着许多挑战。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语，应用名词形式exploration，意为“探索”，不可数。故填exploration。 6. 考查形容词。句意：为了解决这些问题，自20世纪50年代以来，科学家们开发了先进的设备。此处修饰名词“equipment”，应用形容词advanced，意为“先进的”。故填advanced。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：1998年建成的国际空间站，使宇航员能够在太空中生活和工作数月。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为The International Space Station，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，太空项目专注于寻找火星上的生命迹象。focus on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“专注于做某事”，所以此处用finding。故填finding。 9. 考查动词语态和时态。句意：近年来，机器人被送去收集土壤样本。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。Robots与send之间是被动关系，即“机器人被送去”，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为have/has been +过去分词，主语Robots是复数，助动词用have。故填have been sent。 10. 考查宾语从句。句意：虽然有些人质疑太空研究是否值得花费这些成本，但另一些人认为它能帮助我们更好地了解地球。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作question的宾语，根据语境，此处表示“是否”的意思，所以用whether或if引导该宾语从句。故填whether / if。 24 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $春季高考·必胜 第14讲 非谓语动词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式及核心含义 非谓语动词是句中 “不单独作谓语” 的动词形式，共三种类型，需根据 “时间（将来 / 进行 / 完成）” 和 “语态（主动 / 被动）” 选择适用形式。 类型 形式 核心含义 功能示例（作宾语） 不定式 to do 表目的、将来、未完成 He wants to go home.（表将来计划） 动名词 / 现在分词 doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作 She enjoys singing.（表主动爱好） 过去分词 done 表被动、完成、状态 The letter written by her is here.（表被动完成） 注意事项： 1. 句法功能限制：三种形式均可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，但动名词主要作主语 / 宾语，现在分词侧重作状语 / 定语，过去分词侧重表被动 / 完成。 2. 逻辑主语一致性：非谓语动词的逻辑主语需与句子主语一致（如错误：Walking in the street, a car hit him. 正确：Walking in the street, he was hit by a car.）。 二、非谓语动词作主语、宾语的用法对比 非谓语动词作主语和宾语时，需区分 “to do” 和 “doing” 的适用场景，尤其注意固定动词搭配。 （1）作主语的用法表 类型 用法说明 常用句型 示例 to do 表具体、一次性的动作或目的 1. It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb + to do 2. It takes sb + time + to do To learn English is important. It is easy to finish it. doing 表抽象、习惯性的动作 1. It is no use/good + doing 2. It is worth + doing Swimming is good for health. It is no use complaining. （2）作宾语的用法表 动词类型 适用非谓语形式 常见动词 / 短语示例 例句 只接 to do to do want, hope, decide, refuse, plan, manage She decided to go alone. 只接 doing doing enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practise, suggest He enjoyed reading novels. 接 to do/doing（含义不同） to do/doing remember（记得去做 / 记得做过） forget（忘记去做 / 忘记做过） stop（停下来去做 / 停止做） 1. Remember to lock the door. 2. I remember locking it. 接 to do/doing（含义相近） to do/doing like, love, start, begin She likes singing/to sing. 注意事项： 1. 形式宾语 “it” 的使用：动词 find/think/believe 后接 “it + adj. + to do”，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语为 to do（如：I find it hard to learn math.）。 2. 介词后接 doing：除 “to” 作不定式符号外，介词后均接 doing（如：by reading, look forward to meeting）。 三、非谓语动词作定语、状语的用法对比 非谓语动词作定语和状语时，需结合 “与被修饰词的关系” 和 “动作时间” 选择形式。 （1）作定语的用法表 类型 位置与关系 示例 to do 位于名词后，表将来或动宾关系 I have a letter to write.（表将来，我写信） The book to be read is interesting.（表被动将来） doing 位于名词前 / 后，表主动、进行 a barking dog（主动，正在叫的狗） The girl singing is my sister.（主动进行） done 位于名词前 / 后，表被动、完成 a broken cup（被动完成，破碎的杯子） The house built last year is big.（被动完成） （2）作状语的用法表 类型 逻辑关系与时间 示例 to do 表目的（“为了”），动作在谓语之后 He got up early to catch the bus.（目的） doing 表主动、同时进行；having done 表主动、先于谓语 Walking in the park, I saw her.（主动同时） Having finished homework, he went out.（主动先发生） done 表被动、完成；being done 表被动、进行 Seen from the top, the city is beautiful.（被动完成） Being repaired, the bike can't be used.（被动进行） 注意事项： 1. 定语的位置差异：to do 和 doing/done 作后置定语时，需注意与被修饰词的逻辑关系（主动用 doing，被动用 done/to be done）。 2. 状语的逗号分隔：作状语时，非谓语动词与主句之间常用逗号隔开，且需保证逻辑主语一致（如：Tired after work, she went to bed early. 逻辑主语 she 与 tired 一致）。 四、非谓语动词的常见易错点 易错类型 错误示例 正确示例 介词后接 to do He is good at to swim. He is good at swimming. remember/forget 混淆 I remember to meet her yesterday. I remember meeting her yesterday. 逻辑主语不一致 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran away. Seen by the cat, the mouse ran away. 感官动词后漏 to He was seen play basketball. He was seen to play basketball. 被动语态误用 The book needs to repair. The book needs repairing/to be repaired. 注意事项： 1. 感官动词的省略规则：主动语态中，see/hear 等感官动词后接 “sb do”（省略 to），但被动语态中需补回 to（如：主动 I saw him go. 被动 He was seen to go.）。 2. need 的特殊用法：need doing = need to be done，均表被动含义（如：The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.）。 3. 否定形式：非谓语动词的否定需在形式前加 not（如：not to do, not doing, not having done）。 一、单句语法填空：所给词的适当形式填空 1．Imagine (live) in a great forest without any friends. 2．The watch that was 50% off was beautiful, so I couldn’t resist (buy) it. 3．It usually takes me 20 minutes (walk) home from school. ​ 4．She tried (breathe) slowly to calm her nerves, but failed. 5．The teacher asked us (rate) each other's presentations fairly. 6．When scanning a text, you read it quickly in order to (find) out a specific piece of information. 7．Though I like English very much, I have trouble (learn) English. 8．What about (go) out and enjoying ourselves? 9．I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives (wait)． 10．I used to smoke, but I gave up ______ (smoke) a couple of years ago. 11． (get) through all those messages every day isn't easy. 12．He left the hotel (surround) by crowds of journalists. 13．I enjoy (dress) up and I teach them how to match clothes and wear makeup. 14．I’m determined (go) all out to live up to my parents’ expectations. 15．Their manner of (raise) their young is very strict. 二、完成句子 1. As a senior high school student, what can you do ? 作为一名高中生，你能做些什么来帮助有需要的人？ 2. It was their first meeting and John was determined to . 这是他们第一次见面，约翰决心留下好印象。 3. 通过积极看待我和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐，也更加健康了。 By myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. 4. 我想申请这家公司的实习岗位。 I want to an internship at this company. 5. 我试图阻止我父亲吸烟，但失败了。 I tried to , but failed. 6. We found the door when we came back. 我们回来的时候发现门锁上了。 7. She walked down the street, by her friends. 她走在街上，被朋友们围着。 8. 当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独自生活。 When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to on his own. 9. , our school organized a mountainclimbing on October 30th. 为了鼓励学生进行户外运动，我们学校于10月30日组织了一次登山活动。 10. , all the students were divided into two groups. 一到达花园，所有学生就被分成两组。 11. Would you like with me? 你愿意和我去购物吗? 12. He has enough courage to . 他有足够的勇气来克服这个困难。 13. She looked up for a minute and then continued . 她抬头看了一会儿，然后继续画。 14. 我计划参观北京, 中国的首都。 I am Beijing, the capital of China. 15. 为了保持健康，医生建议我马上戒烟。（advise） To keep healthy, the doctor smoking in no time. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Retirement hasn’t slowed down 90-year-old great-grandmother Jeanie Shaffer. She has made more than 11, 000 tiny 1 for newborns in her golden years. Every hat is made with special care and she has 2 them all to the local hospital for the last 15 years. Hospital staff put a hat on a baby soon after 3 to keep warm. A warm hat calms and 4 newborns as they adjust to life 5 the womb (子宫). That is why the hospital staff and new 6 are so appreciative of Jeanie’s handmade hats. Many families 7 the hats because they 8 emotional value to their baby’s first hat. Jeanie and her husband have a 9 family, with seven children, 15 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren. Although she has plenty to keep her 10 , she still found time to start a fun hobby in her 70s after she 11 . To honor Jeanie’s years of hard work and selfless volunteerism, the staff decided to 12 pictures of her creations to fill an album (相册). The hospital made a special 13 on social media to all the new moms to submit a picture of their newborn wearing the hat they had received, which was responded 14 . Thousands of grateful new moms soon shared 15 photos of their newborns wearing their special hats. The staff then selected part of the pictures for the album that they presented to Jeanie. 1. A．shoes B．socks C．gloves D．hats 2. A．sold B．lent C．donated D．posted 3. A．birth B．operation C．breakfast D．sleep 4. A．motivates B．comforts C．relieves D．annoys 5. A．outside B．upward C．inside D．downward 6. A．doctors B．moms C．nurses D．babies 7. A．protect B．abandon C．keep D．throw 8. A．seek B．announce C．carry D．attach 9. A．normal B．cute C．large D．rich 10. A．wealthy B．kind C．warm D．busy 11. A．retired B．married C．moved D．died 12. A．collect B．copy C．deliver D．took 13. A．suggestion B．survey C．request D．search 14. A．positively B．gradually C．ultimately D．apparently 15. A．reliable B．available C．respectable D．adorable Passage 2 For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujill has made it — she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad’s 4 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained. Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency. But Diana hasn’t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars. 1. A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover 2. A．astronaut B．engineer C．pilot D．doctor 3. A．hesitation B．complaint C．expectation D．promise 4. A．command B．footstep C．request D．suggestion 5. A．go B．pass C．struggle D．push 6. A．mission B．career C．adventure D．process 7. A．risk-taking B．life-changing C．time-consuming D．energy-saving 8. A．Realizing B．Remembering C．Imagining D．Assuming 9. A．record B．share C．inspire D．finish 10. A．started B．abandoned C．suspended D．continued 11. A．immediately B．eventually C．gradually D．suddenly 12. A．left B．succeeded C．stopped D．reached 13. A．encouraging B．promising C．allowing D．persuading 14. A．symbol B．notice C．warning D．reminder 15. A．stare at B．reach for C．long for D．come after Passage 3 In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 1 world. But what happened to Mars? And most 2 , did life once exist on this Red Planet? On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 3 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 4 . The rover started its 5 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 6 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 7 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 8 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 9 up in it. With the 10 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 11 that Gale Crater was once a lake. One of the 12 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 13 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 14 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 15 for most life. Do you know what most living things need? Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life. 1. A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy 2. A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously 3. A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out 4. A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather 5. A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle 6. A．hang B．work C．land D．pull 7. A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake 8. A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted 9. A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked 10. A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests 11. A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept 12. A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts 13. A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position 14. A．length B．level C．height D．point 15. A．sign B．rule C．will D．must 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists found surprising differences in the amount of water on the two sides of the moon by 1 (study) rock samples from the Chang’e 6 mission. Their findings, 2 (publish) in the journal Nature, show that rocks from the far side of the moon have less water than those from the near side. The rocks from the far side have 1 to 1.5 micrograms of water per gram, 3 is less than one-third of the water found in rocks from the near side. “This result assists us to understand how the moon was formed and how it has changed over time,” said Hu, 4 scientist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Over the last twenty years, many studies have shown that water is not 5 (equal) spread inside the moon, with amounts ranging from 1 6 200 micrograms per gram. “This new finding about the far side’s water content helps us better understand the moon’s overall water. It also gives 7 (clue) about how the moon was made and how it has evolved (逐渐形成), because water is very important in 8 (this) processes,” said Hu. This study is important for estimating (估算) how much water is on the moon. 9 (far) research on the Chang’e 6 samples 10 (help) us learn more about the history of the Earth and moon. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Though China’s space program started later than 1 of Russia and the US, it has made great progress. Fifty years ago, China 2 (success) launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. 3 (honour) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24. The mission, Tianwen got its name 4 a long poem Tianwen written by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a range of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural 5 (phenomenon), myths and the real world, 6 (reflect) his doubts on traditional ideas and his pursuit (追求) of truth. For the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Chang’e series, 7 (further) mankind’s understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 8 signals a milestone for China’s move toward deep space. With the name’s deep root in Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen shows the 9 (determine) and perseverance of Chinese people. From its first launch to becoming the third country in the world to independently launch 10 (man) satellites, China now proudly stands in the list of technological advanced countries. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mankind has always explored space in the hope 1 finding out more about the universe. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realize 2 (they) dream to explore space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person 3 (travel) into space. Eight years later, Apollo 11 4 (success) in landing on the Moon, where Neil Armstrong took “a giant leap for mankind”. However, space 5 (explore) has faced many challenges. Astronauts must survive radiation and extreme temperatures. To solve these problems, scientists have developed 6 (advance) equipment since the 1950s. The International Space Station, 7 was built in 1998, allows astronauts to live and work in space for months. Nowadays, space programs focus on 8 (find) signs of life on Mars. Robots 9 (send) to collect soil samples in recent years. While some people question 10 space research is worth the cost, others believe it helps us understand Earth better. After all, as Armstrong once said, mysteries of the universe are waiting to be explored. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $