第13讲 被动语态-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第13讲 被动语态 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、被动语态的核心结构及句型转换 被动语态表示 “主语是动作的承受者”，核心结构为 “be + 过去分词（done）”，需根据时态调整 “be” 的形式，并掌握基本句型的转换方法。 （1）被动语态基本句型表 句型 结构示例 例句转换 肯定句 主语 + be + done + （by + 执行者） The house was built (by them) in 2020. 否定句 主语 + be + not + done + （by + 执行者） The house was not built in 2019. 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + done + （by + 执行者）？ Was the house built in 2020? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + Be + 主语 + done + （by + 执行者）？ When was the house built? （2）常见时态的被动结构表 时态 被动结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday. 一般将来时 will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done The project will be finished next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done A bridge is being built now. 现在完成时 have/has + been + done The book has been translated into Chinese. 含情态动词 can/may/must + be + done The work must be completed today. 注意事项： 1. 过去分词的正确性：不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆（如：do→done, go→gone, see→seen），避免与过去式混淆。 2. “by + 执行者” 的省略：当执行者不明确或无需强调时，可省略 “by + 执行者”（如：The house was built in 2020. 无需提及 “被谁建”）。 二、被动语态的特殊用法及主动表被动的场景 被动语态的使用存在特殊规则，同时部分场景中主动形式可表达被动含义，需重点区分避免误用。 （1）被动语态的特殊规则表 特殊场景 规则说明 示例 感官动词 / 使役动词 主动语态中省略 “to”（如：see sb do），被动语态中需补回 “to” 主动：I saw her dance. 被动：She was seen to dance. 双宾语结构 间接宾语（人）作主语时，用 “by”；直接宾语（物）作主语时，用 “to/for” 引出间接宾语 主动：He gave me a book. 被动 1：I was given a book (by him). 被动 2：A book was given to me (by him). 动词短语 需将短语视为整体，不可省略介词 / 副词 主动：They laughed at him. 被动：He was laughed at (by them). （2）主动形式表被动含义的场景表 场景类型 适用动词 / 短语 示例 不及物动词 / 短语 无被动语态，只能用主动形式 The accident happened yesterday. The sun rises in the east. 表 “性能 / 品质” 与 well/badly/easily 等副词连用（如：write, sell, wash） This pen writes well. The book sells quickly. 感官动词 smell, taste, look, sound, feel 表 “感官特征” The flower smells sweet. The music sounds good. 需 “需要” 类动词 need/require/want + doing = need/require/want + to be done The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned. 注意事项： 1. 避免过度使用被动语态：当动作执行者明确且需强调时，优先用主动语态（如：I cleaned the room. 而非 The room was cleaned by me.）。 2. 区分 “主动表被动” 与真正的主动：如 “This pen writes well” 表 “笔的性能好”（被动含义），而非 “笔在写字”（主动含义）。 三、被动语态的常见易错点对比 被动语态使用中需避免 “时态混淆”“短语拆分”“主动被动误用” 等问题，以下为典型易错点示例。 易错类型 错误示例 正确示例 时态错误 The letter is sent yesterday. The letter was sent yesterday. 动词短语拆分 He was laughed by them. He was laughed at by them. 感官动词漏 “to” She was seen dance yesterday. She was seen to dance yesterday. 主动表被动误用 The book is sold well. The book sells well. 双宾语介词错误 A book was given for me. A book was given to me. 注意事项： 1.遇到 “need/require/want + doing” 结构时，需明确其表达被动含义，不可误理解为主动（如：The bike needs repairing. 意为 “自行车需要被修理”）。 2.被动语态的否定形式需在 “be” 动词后加 “not”，不可在过去分词后加 “not”（如错误：The work was not completed. 正确，不可写成 The work was completed not.）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Football (add) to our school subjects last year. 【答案】was added 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年足球被添加到我们学校的科目中。根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语Football与动词add之间是被动关系，即足球是被添加到科目中的，所以应使用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语Football为单数，be动词用was，add的过去分词是added。故填was added。 2．Part of the forest, located in the reserve, (destroy) in the fire one week ago. 【答案】was destroyed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这片森林的一部分，位于保护区之内，一周前在那场火灾中遭到了破坏。主语Part of the forest与谓语构成被动关系，发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was destroyed。 3．Lots of trees are (plant) by students over there. 【答案】being planted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：那边有许多学生正在种植树木。主语与谓语构成被动关系，需用被动语态，此处表示正在进行的动作，需用现在进行时的被动语态，已有be动词are。故填being planted。 4．We learn that some of the injuries (associate) with running. 【答案】are associated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们了解到一些损伤与跑步有关。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及主句的谓语动词learn可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语some of the injuries 与associate之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are associated。故填are associated。 5．I’m sorry to tell you that the meeting was badly (organize). 【答案】organized 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：很遗憾地告诉你，这次会议组织得很糟糕。所给词“organize”是动词，意为“组织”，与主语“the meeting”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时态的被动语态。故填organized。 6．The celebrity was (surroundings) by fans the moment she stepped out of the car. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：那位名人一走出汽车就被粉丝包围了。所给词“surroundings”是名词，意为“环境”，其动词为surround，且主语“the celebrity”与动词surround之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以此处使用surround的过去分词surrounded与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填surrounded。 7．How can the disease be (prevent)? 【答案】prevented 【详解】考查含情态动词的被动。句意：这种疾病如何能被预防？disease与prevent为被动关系，句子为含有情态动词的被动结构，即，“can be done”，所填动词应是过去分词形式。故填prevented。 8．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查语态。句意：我们从这次活动中获得的所有资金都将捐赠给慈善机构。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文would be可知为过去将来时的被动语态。故填donated。 9．The novel is (base) on his travels in India. 【答案】based 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这部小说是根据他在印度的游历经历创作而成的。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填based。 10．I have always been (regard) as a foreigner by the local folk. 【答案】regarded 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我一直被当地人视为外国人。主语I和regard之间是被动关系，空处应填过去分词和前面的have been构成现在完成时的被动语态，故填regarded。 11．The law is (intend) to protect both the buyer and the seller. 【答案】intended 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：该法律旨在保护买卖双方。“be intended to do sth.”为固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”。故填intended。 12．Costs have been (reduce) by 20% over the past year. 【答案】reduced 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在过去一年里成本降低了20%。句中主语“Costs（成本）”与“reduce（减少）”之间是被动关系，即成本被减少，“have been +过去分词”构成现在完成时的被动语态，“reduce”的过去分词是reduced。故填reduced。 13．This excitement was quickly (replace) by fear and anxiety. 【答案】replaced 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这种兴奋很快被恐惧和焦虑所取代。主语This excitement和replace之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前有was，所以空处用过去分词，构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填replaced。 14．We were (inspire) by what he said. 【答案】inspired 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：我们被他的话所鼓舞。根据空前“We were”和空后“by”可知，空处需用inspire“鼓励，鼓舞”的过去分词inspired，与were构成一般过去时的被动语态，表示“被鼓舞”。故填inspired。 15．The top of the mountain is (cover) with snow all through the year. 【答案】covered 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：山顶终年被积雪覆盖。cover“覆盖”与主语The top of the mountain为被动关系，空处需用过去分词covered，和is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填covered。 二、完成句子 1. 从我的个人观点来看，应该理性地对待网上投票。 From my own perspective, online voting rationally. 【答案】 should be treated 【详解】考查被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“应该被对待”，“应该被”是should be done，“对待”是treat，因此空格处是should be treated。故填should，be，treated。 2. 在泰国，他被困于大洪水中。 In Thailand, he was deadly floods. 【答案】 caught up in 【详解】考查固定搭配。be caught up in... 表示“被困在……”,根据空格前was以及句意可知，空格处应填caught up in。故填①caught；②up；③in。 3. 这本书得到了家长的好评。 The book by parents. 【答案】 is well thought of 【详解】考查固定短语，时态，语态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“得到好评”，也就是受到好评，句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，“好评”是固定短语think well of，被动语态是well thought of，主语book是单数，因此空格处是is well thought of。故填is，well，thought，of。 4. 在11月11日那天，我最喜欢的那条裙子减价到了200元。 My favourite dress 200 yuan on November 11. 【答案】 was reduced to 【详解】考查时态语态。根据所给出的汉语提示，并结合英语句子可知，设空处对应“减到了”，用be reduced to...表达，结合语境“on November 11”，用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填①was；②reduced；③to。 5. 如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。 Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案】is regarded as 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据汉语提示和句意可知，空处在句中作谓语，此处考查固定短语be regarded as，意为“被认为是......”，主语cycling（骑自行车）为单数形式，与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据语境可知该句陈述一般事实，因此需使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is regarded as。 6. 我们很遗憾地发现我们所有的建议都被拒绝了。 We were sorry to find out that all our had . 【答案】 suggestions/proposals been rejected 【详解】考查名词和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“建议”，后两空意为“被拒绝”，“建议”是suggestion/proposal，空前有all，第一空用复数；“拒绝”是reject，建议是被拒绝，因此要用被动语态，由had可知，时态是过去完成时，因此空格处是过去完成时的被动语态，是had been done，因此后两空是been rejected。故填suggestions/proposals，been，rejected。 7. 据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在减少。（reduce） It is reported that living spaces for wildlife due to the cutting of trees. 【答案】 are being reduced 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“正在减少”，生存空间是被减少，由“正在”可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，因此空格处用现在进行时的被动语态，主语spaces是复数，因此空格处是are being reduced。故填are，being，reduced。 8. The organs automatically by the immune system. 这些器官受到免疫系统的自动排斥 【答案】 are rejected 【详解】考查动词。表示“排斥”应用动词reject，与主语organs构成被动关系，陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填①are；②rejected。 9. —The windows of the house are dirty. —I know. They ________________ for weeks.(clean) ——房子的窗户很脏。 ——我知道。已经几周没擦了。 【答案】haven’t been cleaned 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“没擦”，“擦”也就是“清理，清洁”，是clean，“没”用not，由for weeks可知，句子时态用现在完成时，因此句子用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语they是复数，因此空格处是haven’t been cleaned。故填haven’t been cleaned。 10. 最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。 Finally, it should be that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 【答案】 pointed out 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“指出”，是固定短语pointed out，“与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事”是应该被指出，句子用被动语态，空前有should be，point用过去分词，因此空格处是pointed out。故填pointed，out。 11. Many countries are now setting up national parks . 许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 【答案】where/in which animals and plants can be protected 【详解】考查定语从句和动词。此处使用限定词定语从句，修饰先行词parks，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用where或in which引导；表示“动植物”应用复数名词animals and plants，作主语；表示“保护”应用动词protect，与主语构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填where/in which animals and plants can be protected。 12. 所有的问题都解决了。 All the problems . 【答案】have been solved 【详解】考查动词和现在完成时被动语态。根据句意可知应用现在完成时，句子主语“所有问题”与“解决”之间是被动关系，故应使用被动语态。现在完成时被动语态结构为have/has been done。“解决”英文为动词solve。英文句中主语已使用可数名词复数All the problems，因此谓语部分的助动词应与之配合。故填have been solved。 13. To be frank, we her funny-looking hat. 坦率地说，我们对她那顶滑稽的帽子感到惊讶。 【答案】 were amazed by 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“对……感到惊讶”短语为be amazed by，发生在过去用一般过去时，主语为we，谓语用复数。故填were amazed by。 14. Large amounts of money in stocks. 大量的资金已被投资在股票上。 【答案】have been invested 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，且表示“投资”应用动词invest，和主语money之间是被动关系，用被动语态，由“已被投资”可知，句子应用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，即资金已经被投资在股票上这一状态持续到现在；主语Large amounts of money中，amounts为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been invested。 15. Wait a minute. The dish for the dinner in the kitchen. 稍等。晚餐的菜正在厨房里做着呢。 【答案】is being cooked 【详解】考查动词。此处表示“烹饪”用动词cook，与主语dish构成被动关系，表示正在发生用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is being cooked。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Run by Mei Ling, Jasmine Serenity in the heart of a busy city was not just a place for drinking tea. It was a harbor where people from all walks of life found 1 . One day, a group of friends from different backgrounds 2 Jasmine Serenity when they walked around the city. Drawn in by the 3 smell of tea and the peaceful atmosphere, they 4 to step inside. Mei Ling greeted them warmly, inviting them to 5 Chinese tea traditions. As they sat together, Mei Ling 6 stories of Chinese customs and offered her understanding of the art of tea-making. They were 7 the diversity within Chinese culture. In return, they gave their own cultural anecdotes（趣闻）, creating a lively exchange of traditions and values. Mei Ling 8 an atmosphere of respect where 9 were accepted, and commonalities celebrated. Inspired by her 10 , the friends organized a cultural event in Harmony Square. They invited people from all corners of the city to show the 11 of their respective cultures. Mei Ling gladly 12 chatting with interesting attendees about Chinese art, music, and, of course, tea. The cultural event was 13 , which drew people together in celebration of unity. Mei Ling's teahouse showed how 14 different cultures brings people together, making a community where various traditions and customs are 15 with open arms. 1. A．comfort B．evidence C．response D．value 2. A．worked in B．returned to C．came across D．rang up 3. A．precious B．strange C．pleasant D．familiar 4. A．asked B．promised C．happened D．decided 5. A．promote B．experience C．establish D．preserve 6. A．shared B．wrote C．sought D．enjoyed 7. A．puzzled at B．confident of C．particular about D．fascinated by 8. A．discovered B．encouraged C．confirmed D．admitted 9. A．creations B．personalities C．differences D．recommendations 10. A．spirit B．mission C．knowledge D．perseverance 11. A．standard B．richness C．importance D．mystery 12. A．waited around B．gave in C．showed off D．joined in 13. A．time-honoured B．fast-paced C．successful D．unpredictable 14. A．appreciating B．influencing C．developing D．protecting 15. A．selected B．embraced C．compared D．examined 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在善良的女子梅玲的影响下一群少年开了自己的文华展，促进不同文化交流。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个港湾，各行各业的人都能在这里找到慰藉。A. comfort安慰；B. evidence证据；C. response反应；D. value价值。根据前文“It was a harbor”可知，是人们的港湾，所以人们能在这里找到安慰。故选A。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天，一群来自不同背景的朋友在城市里散步时偶然发现了茉莉花宁静。A. worked in掺入，加进；B. returned to返回；C. came across偶然遇见；D. rang up结账。根据下文“when they walked around the city”可知，在散步的时候偶然遇见了。故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被宜人的茶香和宁静的气氛所吸引，他们决定走进去。A. precious宝贵的；B. strange奇怪的；C. pleasant愉快的，宜人的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空格后“the peaceful atmosphere”可知，此处与peaceful并列，所以是宜人的。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：被宜人的茶香和宁静的气氛所吸引，他们决定走进去。A. asked询问；B. promised承诺；C. happened发生；D. decided决定。根据前文“Drawn in by the ____3____ scent of tea and the peaceful atmosphere”以及后文“Mei Ling greeted them warmly”可知，被茶香和宁静的气氛吸引，所以决定进去。故选D。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅玲热情地微笑着欢迎他们，邀请他们体验中国的茶文化。A. promote促进；B. experience体验；C. establish建立；D. preserve保存。根据下文“Chinese customs and offered her understanding of the art of tea-making”可知，邀请他们来体验中国文化。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅玲分享了中国习俗的故事，提供了对泡茶艺术的见解。A. shared分享；B. wrote写；C. sought寻找；D. enjoyed享受。根据上文“inviting them to ____5____ Chinese tea traditions”可知，邀请他们体验中国习俗，所以这里是分享了中国习俗的故事。故选A。 7. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：朋友们被中国文化的多样性所吸引。A. puzzled at对……感到困惑；B. confident of对……有信心；C. particular about对……挑剔；D. fascinated by被……吸引住的。根据下文“In return, they gave their own cultural anecdotes, creating a lively exchange of traditions and values.(作为回报，他们分享了自己的文化轶事，创造了传统和价值观的生动交流)”可知，他们被中国文化的多样性吸引住了。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅玲鼓励一种尊重的氛围，在这种氛围中，差异被接受，共性被颂扬。A. discovered发现；B. encouraged鼓励；C. confirmed确认；D. admitted承认。根据后文“an atmosphere of respect”指梅玲鼓励一种尊重的氛围，故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：梅玲鼓励一种尊重的氛围，在这种氛围中，差异被接受，共性被颂扬。A creations创造；B. personalities个性；C. differences差异；D. recommendations推荐。根据下文“were accepted, and commonalities celebrated”可知，此处指的是差异被接受。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到梅玲精神的鼓舞，朋友们决定在和谐广场组织一次文化博览会。A. spirit精神；B. mission任务；C. knowledge知识；D. perseverance毅力。根据下文上文“Mei Ling ____6____ stories of Chinese customs, offering insights into the art of tea-making.”邀请他们体验中国传统，以及鼓励尊重的氛围，接受差异，可知，指被她的精神打动。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们邀请了来自城市各个角落的人来展示他们各自的丰富。A. standard标准；B. richness丰富；C. importance重要性；D. mystery奥秘。根据上文“They invited people from all corners of the city”可知，人们来自各个角落，所以展示了各自的丰富性。故选B。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：梅玲很高兴地加入了与有趣的与会者谈论中国艺术，音乐，当然还有茶。A. waited around等待；B. gave in屈服；C. showed off炫耀；D. joined in加入。根据后文“chatting with interesting attendees about Chinese art, music, and, of course, tea”可知，梅玲也加入了谈话中，故选D。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：文化节非常成功，人们聚在一起庆祝团结。A. time-honoured由来已久的；B. fast-paced快节奏的；C. successful成功的；D. unpredictable不可预测的。根据下文“drawing people together in a celebration of unity.”可知，人们聚在一起庆祝团结，说明文化节是成功的。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅玲的茶馆展示了欣赏不同的文化如何将人们聚集在一起，形成一个张开双臂拥抱各种传统和习俗的社区。A. appreciating欣赏；B. influencing影响；C. developing发展；D. protecting保护。根据下文“making a community where various traditions and customs”可知，此处指的是尊重不同的文化聚集在一起。故选A。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅玲的茶馆展示了欣赏不同的文化如何将人们聚集在一起，形成一个张开双臂拥抱各种传统和习俗的社区。A. selected选择；B. embraced拥抱，接受；C. compared比较；D. examined测试。根据上文“different cultures brings people together”可知，梅玲的茶馆展示了欣赏不同的文化如何将人们聚集在一起，形成一个张开双臂拥抱各种传统和习俗的社区。故选B。 Passage 2 “Makan already?” Do you understand what I am saying? I exist at a 1 between two worlds, one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote. A three-week stay in Malaysia every few years was often the 2 of my summers — what more can you ask from a food paradise? But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, I got a taste of a(n) 3 in my own culture. I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing various 4 shouted between the stands in the wet markets, quietly 5 along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners. In America though, I am a 6 person. As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t 7 with the words and fear that my messages and stories won’t 8 . In Malaysia, everything about the way I 9 gives me away. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not. In the place where I’m 10 to call home, my privilege and power are 11 , skinned off layer by layer each time I naturally 12 out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian 13 “Makan already?”. It is 14 , but it doesn’t bother me, for I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my 15 . 1. A．backstreet B．crossroad C．playground D．landmark 2. A．disaster B．regret C．secret D．highlight 3. A．outsider B．hunter C．professional D．translator 4. A．clues B．tongues C．proposals D．practices 5. A．playing B．wandering C．nodding D．singing 6. A．unique B．different C．frank D．modest 7. A．argue B．beg C．struggle D．share 8. A．make sense B．draw attention C．got around D．broke through 9. A．behave B．live C．speak D．think 10. A．advised B．supposed C．forced D．ordered 11. A．moved B．kept C．changed D．removed 12. A．find B．throw C．figure D．leave 13. A．variety B．custom C．context D．expression 14. A．awkward B．attractive C．scary D．effective 15. A．language B．habit C．identity D．courage 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在美国长大，故乡在马来西亚，文化的差异让作者对于在马来西亚生活感到困难，但是作者知道自己的家庭根源在这里。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生活在两个世界的交叉口，一个是由我在这里长大形成的明显的美国人，另一个是来自遥远地方的马来西亚传统的回响。A. backstreet后街小巷；B. crossroad十字路口；C. playground操场；D. landmark地标。根据后文“one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote(一个是由我在这里长大形成的明显的美国人，另一个是来自遥远地方的马来西亚传统的回响)”可知，作者生活在两个世界的十字路口，故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每隔几年在马来西亚呆三个星期常常是我夏天的“亮点”——你还能从一个美食天堂要求什么呢？A. disaster灾难；B. regret后悔；C. secret秘密；D. highlight亮点。根据后文“what more can you ask from a food paradise?”可知，马来西亚是美食天堂，因此推测是作者的夏日亮点，故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但除了马来西亚提供的家庭、食物和逃避之外，我还在自己的文化中尝到了外来者的滋味。A. outsider局外人，外来者；B. hunter猎人；C. professional专业人士；D. translator翻译员。根据后文“I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing”提到作者被动听着叫卖声，推测在马来西亚成了外来者，故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我变成了一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。A. clues线索；B. tongues语气，语言；C. proposals建议；D. practices实践。根据后文“shouted between the stands in the wet markets”指被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我变成了一个迷失在翻译中的女孩，被动地听着菜市场里摊位间的各种叫卖声，在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。A. playing玩耍；B. wandering漫游；C. nodding点头；D. singing唱歌。根据上文“passively absorbing”可知，作者被动地听着，说明插不上话，也只能在祖父母的家庭聚餐上安静地点头。故选C。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而在美国，我是一个不同的人。A. unique独特的；B. different不同的；C. frank坦白的；D. modest谦虚的。根据后文“As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking.(作为一个以英语为母语的人，我说话的时候不会考虑语法问题)”可知，作者在美国表现不同，故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会在语言上挣扎，也不会担心我的信息和故事没有意义。A. argue争论；B. beg恳求；C. struggle努力、挣扎；D. share分享。根据上文“As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking.(作为一个以英语为母语的人，我说话的时候不会考虑语法问题)”可知，作者在美国不会在语言上挣扎，故选C。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不会在语言上挣扎，也不会担心我的信息和故事没有意义。A. make sense有意义，说得通；B. draw attention吸引注意力；C. got around规避、四处走动；D. broke through突破。根据上文“my messages and stories won’t”可知，作者在美国不会担心自己的信息和故事没有意义。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在马来西亚，我说话的所有方式都暴露了我的身份。A. behave行为；B. live居住；C. speak说话；D. think思考。根据上文“everything about the way I”以及后文“Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not.(也许我的脸看起来像马来西亚本地人，但一旦我开口，我就很明显不是)”可知，作者说话的所有方式都暴露了作者不是本地人的事实。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. advised建议；B. supposed认为；C. forced迫使；D. ordered命令。根据后文“to call home”可知，作者本来应该把马来西亚称之为家，应用be supposed to表示“应该”。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. moved移动；B. kept保持；C. changed改变；D. removed去除。根据后文“skinned off layer by layer”指作者在马来西亚的特权和权力被剥夺了，故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. find找到；B. throw抛出、随口说出；C. figure认为；D. leave离开。根据后文“out “have you eaten?””指抛出这句日常表达，应用throw out。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个我应该称之为家的地方，我的特权和权力被一层一层地剥夺了，每次我自然而然地抛出“have you eaten?”，而不是想起马来西亚人说的“Makan already?”A. variety多样性；B. custom习俗；C. context语境；D. expression表达。后文“Makan already?”是马来西亚人的日常表达。故选D。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很尴尬，但这并不困扰我，因为我知道马来西亚，我的家庭根源所在，有助于我的身份认同。A. awkward尴尬的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. scary可怕的；D. effective有效的。上文“out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian”提到作者用错了日常表达，所以是感到尴尬，故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很尴尬，但这并不困扰我，因为我知道马来西亚，我的家庭根源所在，有助于我的身份认同。A. language语言；B. habit习惯；C. identity身份；D. courage勇气。根据上文“I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my”指作者的家庭根源在马来西亚，有助于作者的身份认同。故选C。 Passage 3 In a village courtyard in Hebei Province, 69-year-old Bai Hejiang is seated on a wooden chair. With great enthusiasm, he regularly 1 the story of Baoding Fast Wrestling, a traditional martial art that dates back to the Qing Dynasty and made the city famous then. Bai comes from a wrestling family with a history of six generations. He started training at the age of four and later became a member of the Hebei’s professional team until he 2 in 2013. After his retirement, he opened a wrestling gym for free, in the 3 of protecting this traditional art 4 his family’s doubt about his idea. The gym is quite simple. Here, children can 5 voluntary training without any fees. Bai firmly states, “I don’t 6 money; my only goal is to keep Baoding wrestling alive.” The students here practice 7 exercises such as lifting stones, flipping (翻转) tires and so on. There are 8 challenges. Some students give up their learning because of the hardship. However, to his 9 , there are also inspiring stories. For example, Sun Chenjun can lift 50-kilogram stones with confidence after 8 months. Her mother 10 she is becoming better at accepting failure. Guo Yuhang, who 11 to catch a cold, now has become strong. He even has the 12 to go to university and become a PE teacher. Bai’s devotion 13 how an individual’s passion can bring a cultural treasure back to life. His story proves that traditions can be 14 when there are people who are 15 to protect them. 1. A．shares B．records C．selects D．hides 2. A．hurt B．won C．escaped D．retired 3. A．face B．hope C．name D．form 4. A．apart from B．as a result of C．in spite of D．in response to 5. A．provide B．receive C．assist D．ignore 6. A．care about B．run out of C．take advantage of D．figure out 7. A．boring B．easy C．flexible D．diverse 8. A．hardly B．definitely C．eventually D．suddenly 9. A．anxiety B．regret C．sadness D．joy 10. A．remembers B．argues C．spots D．imagines 11. A．agreed B．used C．desired D．refused 12. A．duty B．budget C．goal D．example 13. A．indicates B．questions C．declares D．accepts 14. A．finished B．started C．changed D．maintained 15. A．careful B．fortunate C．willing D．new 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了河北69岁的白鹤江致力于传承保定快跤这一传统武术的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他满怀热情，经常分享保定快跤的故事，这是一种可追溯到清朝的传统武术，并在当时使这座城市闻名。A. shares分享；B. records记录；C. selects选择；D. hides隐藏。根据前文“69-year-old Bai Hejiang is seated on a wooden chair.”及后文“the story of Baoding Fast Wrestling”可知， 白鹤江经常坐在凳子上分享保定快跤的故事。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从四岁开始训练，后来成为河北专业队的一员，直到2013年退休。A. hurt伤害；B. won赢得；C. escaped逃跑；D. retired退休。根据后文“After his retirement”可知，他在2013年退休。故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：退休后，他不顾家人对他想法的怀疑，免费开了一家摔跤馆，希望保护这一传统艺术。A. face脸；B. hope希望；C. name名字；D. form形式。根据后文“protecting this traditional art”可知，他开摔跤馆是希望保护这一传统艺术，in the hope of“怀着……的希望”。故选B。 4. 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. apart from除了；B. as a result of由于；C. in spite of尽管；D. in response to回应。根据后文“his family’s doubt about his idea”可知，尽管家人怀疑他的想法，他还是开了摔跤馆。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这里，孩子们可以免费接受自愿训练。A. provide提供；B. receive接受；C. assist帮助；D. ignore忽视。根据前文“he opened a wrestling gym for free”及后文“voluntary training without any fees”可知，在他的摔跤馆里，孩子们可以免费接受训练。故选B。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不在乎钱；我唯一的目标就是让保定摔跤继续存在。A. care about关心，在乎；B. run out of用完；C. take advantage of利用；D. figure out弄清楚。根据后文“my only goal is to keep Baoding wrestling alive”可知，白鹤江不在乎钱，只在乎保定摔跤的传承。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里的学生进行多样化的练习，如举石头、翻轮胎等等。A. boring无聊的；B. easy容易的；C. flexible灵活的；D. diverse多样的。根据后文“such as lifting stones, flipping tires and so on”可知，练习是多样的。故选D。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：肯定有一些挑战。A. hardly几乎不；B. definitely肯定地；C. eventually最终；D. suddenly突然。根据后文“Some students give up their learning because of the hardship.”可知，有些学生因为困难而放弃学习，所以肯定有一些挑战。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，令他高兴的是，也有一些鼓舞人心的故事。A. anxiety焦虑；B. regret后悔；C. sadness悲伤；D. joy高兴。根据后文“there are also inspiring stories”可知，有一些鼓舞人心的故事，这让他感到高兴。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的母亲发现她越来越善于接受失败。A. remembers记得；B. argues争论；C. spots发现；D. imagines想象。根据后文“she is becoming better at accepting failure”可知，这是母亲发现的事实。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：郭宇航过去常常感冒，现在变得强壮了。A. agreed同意；B. used使用，过去常常；C. desired渴望；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“to catch a cold, now has become strong”可知，这里是过去和现在形成对比，used to do“过去常常做某事”。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至有上大学成为一名体育老师的目标。A. duty职责；B. budget预算；C. goal目标；D. example例子。根据后文“to go to university and become a PE teacher”可知，这是郭宇航的目标。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：白的奉献表明，一个人的热情如何能让一种文化瑰宝重获新生。A. indicates表明；B. questions质疑；C. declares宣布；D. accepts接受。根据后文“how an individual’s passion can bring a cultural treasure back to life”可知，白的奉献表明了一个人的热情对文化传承的作用。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：他的故事证明，当有人愿意保护传统时，传统是可以传承下去的。 A. finished完成；B. started开始；C. changed改变；D. maintained维持，传承。根据后文“when there are people who are ___15___ to protect them”可知，传统被保护之后是可以被传承的。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful仔细的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. willing愿意的；D. new新的。根据上文“Bai’s devotion ___13___ how an individual’s passion can bring a cultural treasure back to life.”可知，白鹤江用自己的热情去保护传统，此处指有像他一样愿意保护传统的人，be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”。故选C。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China celebrates the Chinese National Day on October 1st every year. The celebration marks the founding of the People’s Republic of China. For centuries, a succession of different dynasties ruled China, 1 (follow) by the short-lived Republic of China (1912—1949). After a lengthy civil war, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed China’s 2 (independent) and established the People’s Republic of China in 1949. On October 1st, 1949, 3 official victory ceremony was organized in Tian’anmen Square, 4 Mao Zedong, the leader of the CCP, raised China’s first Communist national flag. On October 2nd, 1949, the day of foundation of China was officially declared 5 (be) National Day. Since 1950, October 1st 6 (celebrate) as a great national festival in China every year and various 7 (activity) and events are organized annually to mark this day. 8 (present), China’s National Day is celebrated over a one-week period. The 7-day holiday begins from October 1st and runs until the 7th, and this period is called “Golden Week” in China. China National Day holiday is the 9 (busy) travel period in China. Tourist attractions are crowded 10 hotels are fully booked. 【答案】 1. followed 2. independence 3. an 4. where 5. to be 6. has been celebrated 7. activities 8. Presently 9. busiest 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的国庆节，国庆节的历史背景，国庆节的庆祝时间和庆祝方式。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几个世纪以来，一系列不同的王朝统治着中国，紧接着是短暂的中华民国（1912年——1949年）。分析可知，“__1____ (follow) by the short-lived Republic of China …”为状语，用非谓语表达。主语“a succession of different dynasties”与动词“follow”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填followed。 2. 考查名词。句意：经过漫长的内战，中国共产党于1949年宣布中国独立，成立中华人民共和国。分析可知，“China’s”为名词所有格，作名词的定语，因此所填应是名词形式。“independent”，形容词，意为“独立的”，其名词形式为“independence (独立)”。故填independence。 3. 考查不定冠词。句意：1949年10月1日，在天安门广场举行了正式的胜利仪式，中国共产党领导人毛泽东在这里升起了中国第一面共产党国旗。分析可知，“____3____  official victory ceremony”为名词短语，中心词“ceremony”为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。空后形容词“official/əˈfɪʃəl/”发音为元音音素开头，这里应是用“an”。故填an。 4. 考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：1949年10月1日，在天安门广场举行了正式的胜利仪式，中国共产党领导人毛泽东在这里升起了中国第一面共产党国旗。分析可知，“____4____ Mao Zedong, the leader of the CCP, raised China’s first Communist national flag”作之前名词“Tian’anmen Square”的非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：1949年10月2日，中华人民共和国正式宣布建国日为国庆日。分析可知，“declare sth to be…”，固定短语，意为“宣布……成为……”，此处为被动结构“be declared to be…”，意为“被宣布为……”。故填to be。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：自1950年以来，每年的10月1日都作为中国的一个伟大的全国性节日来庆祝，每年都会组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，动词“celebrate”与主语“October 1st”之间为被动关系，同时结合时间状语“Since 1950”可知，这里应是现在完成时被动结构，且主语为第三人称单数，因此为“has been done”。故填has been celebrated。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：自1950年以来，每年的10月1日都作为中国的一个伟大的全国性节日来庆祝，每年都会组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。分析可知，“various (各种各样的)”之后接可数名词复数形式。故填activities。 8. 考查副词。句意：目前，中国的国庆节为期一周。分析可知，这里应是副词在句首作状语。“present”，形容词，意为“目前的，当前的”，其副词形式为“presently(现在，眼下)”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Presently。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国国庆假期是中国最繁忙的旅游时段。根据空前有定冠词“the”，并结合句意可推知，这里应是用形容词最高级。“busy”，形容词，意为“繁忙的，忙碌的”，其最高级形式为“busiest”。故填busiest。 10. 考查连词。句意：旅游景点拥挤不堪，酒店也被订满了。分析可知，前句“Tourist attractions are crowded (旅游景点拥挤不堪)”与后句“hotels are fully booked (酒店都订满了)”之间为并列关系，所填应是并列连词“and”。故填and。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, festivals 1 (celebrate) all around the world and they have 2 wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Of all the 3 (tradition) festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. People celebrate to show that they are grateful 4 the year’s supply of food. 5 (actual), customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the 6 (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. Today, festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with more and more businesses 7 (add) to the celebrations. And this brings 8 (we) a lot of benefits. Festivals are an important part of society, 9 reflect people’s wishes, faiths, beliefs, and attitudes towards life. And if you study festival s carefully, you may be surprised 10 (find) that different cultures have a lot in common after all. 【答案】 1. are celebrated 2. a 3. traditional 4. for 5. Actually 6. development 7. added 8. us 9. which 10. to find 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了节日的文化来源，现代发展和社会意义。 1. 考查动词时态、语态。句意：我们都知道，世界各地都庆祝节日，它们有广泛的起源，比如一年中的季节、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，描述事实现象，用一般现在时，且主语festivals为复数，与celebrate构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are celebrated。 2. 考查冠词。句意：同上。a wide range of为固定短语，意思为：各种各样的。故填a。 3. 考查形容词。句意：在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可以在每一种文化中找到。空处修饰名词festivals，用形容词作定语，tradition对应的形容词为traditional，意思为：传统的。故填traditional。 4. 考查介词。句意：人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激。be grateful for意思为：对……感激的，为固定短语。故填for。 5. 考查副词。句意：事实上，习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。空处用逗号隔开，放在开头，修饰后面的句子，为副词作状语，actual对应的副词为actually。放在句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。 6. 考查名词。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，而另一些传统可能会建立起来。空处作介词的宾语，用名词，develop对应的名词为development，意思为“发展”，不可数。故填development。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，节日变得越来越商业化，越来越多的商业活动被加入到庆祝活动中。分析句子可知，with构成复合结构，空处作businesses的宾语补足语，businesses与add构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填added。 8. 考查代词。句意：这给我们带来了很多好处。空处作动词brings的宾语，用人称代词宾格形式。故填us。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：节日是社会的重要组成部分，它反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信仰和对生活的态度。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为festivals，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化毕竟有很多共同点。be surprised to do意思为：惊讶地做某事，空处缺少不定式结构。故填to find。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On December 4th, 2024, a truly thrilling milestone 1 (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was included onto UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a 2 (note) achievement. This achievement, with an impressive 44 listings 3 outnumber those of any other nation, not just highlights China’s exceptional contributions, 4 strengthens its standing as a leading cultural force on the global stage. 5 (root) in the lunar calendar and closely tied to agricultural cycles, the Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is a combination of China’s traditions, customs, arts, and culinary delights. More than 6 joyous celebration, it shows the timeless core values of harmony, family unity, and respect for ancestors. These deeply-held 7 (belief) influence the daily lives of the Chinese people, making the Spring Festival a powerful symbol of its cultural identity. UNESCO’s recognition applauds China’s unshakable commitment to preserving its intangible heritage and highlights the nation’s strong determination 8 (maintain) its unique cultural appeal. 9 (additional), this honor fosters global unity in safeguarding our 10 (planet) diverse cultural treasures, guaranteeing that China’s vibrant traditions will keep inspiring people across the globe. 【答案】 1. was reached 2. notable 3. that/which 4. but 5. Rooted 6. a 7. beliefs 8. to maintain 9. Additionally 10. planet’s 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国的春节在2024年被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》，以及此举的意义和影响。 1. 考查时态与语态。句意：2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》，这是一个令人激动的里程碑，标志着一项令人瞩目的成就。主语是“milestone(里程碑)”与动词“reach(达到)”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，并且时间状语“on December 4th, 2024”明确指出动作发生在过去，因此用过去时态。故填was reached。 2. 考查形容词。句意：2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》，这是一个令人激动的里程碑，标志着一项令人瞩目的成就。achievement(成就)是名词，需用形容词修饰，notable意为“令人瞩目的”符合语境，作定语。故填notable。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：拥有44项令人印象深刻的非物质名录，超过了任何其他国家，这一成就不仅突显了中国的杰出贡献，还巩固了其在全球舞台上作为领先文化力量的地位。分析句子结构可知，该句为限制性定语从句，先行词listings(列表)指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此可使用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4. 考查连词。句意：拥有44项令人印象深刻的非物质名录，超过了任何其他国家，这一成就不仅突显了中国的杰出贡献，还巩固了其在全球舞台上作为领先文化力量的地位。此处为固定搭配“not just… but (also)…(不仅……而且……)”。故填but。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：春节，也被称为中国新年，植根于农历，与农业周期密切相关，是中国传统、习俗、艺术和美食的结合。The Spring Festival，与root(根植于)之间是被动关系。应用非谓动词过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母大写。故填Rooted。 6. 考查冠词。句意：它不仅仅是一个欢乐的庆祝活动，它体现了和谐、家庭团结和尊重祖先的永恒核心价值观。此处泛指“一个欢乐的庆祝活动”，需用不定冠词表示泛指。joyous首字母的发音为辅音因素。故填a。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：这些深刻的信仰影响中国人民的日常生活，使春节成为其文化身份的有力象征。belief意为“信仰、信念”，为可数名词，再根据these可知，需用名词复数形式作主语。故填beliefs。 8. 考查不定式。句意：联合国教科文组织对中国保护非物质文化遗产的坚定承诺表示赞赏，并强调了中国保持其独特文化吸引力的坚定决心。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，所修饰词为determination，空处是对其进行进一步说明，即二者之间为同位关系，所以应用不定式作后置定语。故填to maintain。 9. 考查副词。句意：此外，这一荣誉促进了全球在保护我们星球上多样的文化宝藏方面的团结，保证了中国充满活力的传统将继续激励全球人民。此处需使用副词additionally作状语修饰整个句子。位于句首时首字母大写。故填Additionally。 10. 考查名词所有格。句意：此外，这一荣誉促进了全球在保护我们星球上多样的文化宝藏方面的团结，保证了中国充满活力的传统将继续激励全球人民。planet(星球)与cultural treasures之间存在所有关系，此处应使用所有格planet’s 来修饰。故填planet’s。 4 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $春季高考·必胜 第13讲 被动语态 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、被动语态的核心结构及句型转换 被动语态表示 “主语是动作的承受者”，核心结构为 “be + 过去分词（done）”，需根据时态调整 “be” 的形式，并掌握基本句型的转换方法。 （1）被动语态基本句型表 句型 结构示例 例句转换 肯定句 主语 + be + done + （by + 执行者） The house was built (by them) in 2020. 否定句 主语 + be + not + done + （by + 执行者） The house was not built in 2019. 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + done + （by + 执行者）？ Was the house built in 2020? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + Be + 主语 + done + （by + 执行者）？ When was the house built? （2）常见时态的被动结构表 时态 被动结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday. 一般将来时 will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done The project will be finished next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done A bridge is being built now. 现在完成时 have/has + been + done The book has been translated into Chinese. 含情态动词 can/may/must + be + done The work must be completed today. 注意事项： 1. 过去分词的正确性：不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆（如：do→done, go→gone, see→seen），避免与过去式混淆。 2. “by + 执行者” 的省略：当执行者不明确或无需强调时，可省略 “by + 执行者”（如：The house was built in 2020. 无需提及 “被谁建”）。 二、被动语态的特殊用法及主动表被动的场景 被动语态的使用存在特殊规则，同时部分场景中主动形式可表达被动含义，需重点区分避免误用。 （1）被动语态的特殊规则表 特殊场景 规则说明 示例 感官动词 / 使役动词 主动语态中省略 “to”（如：see sb do），被动语态中需补回 “to” 主动：I saw her dance. 被动：She was seen to dance. 双宾语结构 间接宾语（人）作主语时，用 “by”；直接宾语（物）作主语时，用 “to/for” 引出间接宾语 主动：He gave me a book. 被动 1：I was given a book (by him). 被动 2：A book was given to me (by him). 动词短语 需将短语视为整体，不可省略介词 / 副词 主动：They laughed at him. 被动：He was laughed at (by them). （2）主动形式表被动含义的场景表 场景类型 适用动词 / 短语 示例 不及物动词 / 短语 无被动语态，只能用主动形式 The accident happened yesterday. The sun rises in the east. 表 “性能 / 品质” 与 well/badly/easily 等副词连用（如：write, sell, wash） This pen writes well. The book sells quickly. 感官动词 smell, taste, look, sound, feel 表 “感官特征” The flower smells sweet. The music sounds good. 需 “需要” 类动词 need/require/want + doing = need/require/want + to be done The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned. 注意事项： 1. 避免过度使用被动语态：当动作执行者明确且需强调时，优先用主动语态（如：I cleaned the room. 而非 The room was cleaned by me.）。 2. 区分 “主动表被动” 与真正的主动：如 “This pen writes well” 表 “笔的性能好”（被动含义），而非 “笔在写字”（主动含义）。 三、被动语态的常见易错点对比 被动语态使用中需避免 “时态混淆”“短语拆分”“主动被动误用” 等问题，以下为典型易错点示例。 易错类型 错误示例 正确示例 时态错误 The letter is sent yesterday. The letter was sent yesterday. 动词短语拆分 He was laughed by them. He was laughed at by them. 感官动词漏 “to” She was seen dance yesterday. She was seen to dance yesterday. 主动表被动误用 The book is sold well. The book sells well. 双宾语介词错误 A book was given for me. A book was given to me. 注意事项： 1.遇到 “need/require/want + doing” 结构时，需明确其表达被动含义，不可误理解为主动（如：The bike needs repairing. 意为 “自行车需要被修理”）。 2.被动语态的否定形式需在 “be” 动词后加 “not”，不可在过去分词后加 “not”（如错误：The work was not completed. 正确，不可写成 The work was completed not.）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Football (add) to our school subjects last year. 2．Part of the forest, located in the reserve, (destroy) in the fire one week ago. 3．Lots of trees are (plant) by students over there. 4．We learn that some of the injuries (associate) with running. 5．I’m sorry to tell you that the meeting was badly (organize). 6．The celebrity was (surroundings) by fans the moment she stepped out of the car. 7．How can the disease be (prevent)? 8．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. 9．The novel is (base) on his travels in India. 10．I have always been (regard) as a foreigner by the local folk. 11．The law is (intend) to protect both the buyer and the seller. 12．Costs have been (reduce) by 20% over the past year. 13．This excitement was quickly (replace) by fear and anxiety. 14．We were (inspire) by what he said. 15．The top of the mountain is (cover) with snow all through the year. 二、完成句子 1. 从我的个人观点来看，应该理性地对待网上投票。 From my own perspective, online voting rationally. 2. 在泰国，他被困于大洪水中。 In Thailand, he was deadly floods. 3. 这本书得到了家长的好评。 The book by parents. 4. 在11月11日那天，我最喜欢的那条裙子减价到了200元。 My favourite dress 200 yuan on November 11. 5. 如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。 Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 6. 我们很遗憾地发现我们所有的建议都被拒绝了。 We were sorry to find out that all our had . 7. 据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在减少。（reduce） It is reported that living spaces for wildlife due to the cutting of trees. 8. The organs automatically by the immune system. 这些器官受到免疫系统的自动排斥 9. —The windows of the house are dirty. —I know. They ________________ for weeks.(clean) ——房子的窗户很脏。 ——我知道。已经几周没擦了。 10. 最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。 Finally, it should be that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 11. Many countries are now setting up national parks . 许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 12. 所有的问题都解决了。 All the problems . 13. To be frank, we her funny-looking hat. 坦率地说，我们对她那顶滑稽的帽子感到惊讶。 14. Large amounts of money in stocks. 大量的资金已被投资在股票上。 15. Wait a minute. The dish for the dinner in the kitchen. 稍等。晚餐的菜正在厨房里做着呢。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Run by Mei Ling, Jasmine Serenity in the heart of a busy city was not just a place for drinking tea. It was a harbor where people from all walks of life found 1 . One day, a group of friends from different backgrounds 2 Jasmine Serenity when they walked around the city. Drawn in by the 3 smell of tea and the peaceful atmosphere, they 4 to step inside. Mei Ling greeted them warmly, inviting them to 5 Chinese tea traditions. As they sat together, Mei Ling 6 stories of Chinese customs and offered her understanding of the art of tea-making. They were 7 the diversity within Chinese culture. In return, they gave their own cultural anecdotes（趣闻）, creating a lively exchange of traditions and values. Mei Ling 8 an atmosphere of respect where 9 were accepted, and commonalities celebrated. Inspired by her 10 , the friends organized a cultural event in Harmony Square. They invited people from all corners of the city to show the 11 of their respective cultures. Mei Ling gladly 12 chatting with interesting attendees about Chinese art, music, and, of course, tea. The cultural event was 13 , which drew people together in celebration of unity. Mei Ling's teahouse showed how 14 different cultures brings people together, making a community where various traditions and customs are 15 with open arms. 1. A．comfort B．evidence C．response D．value 2. A．worked in B．returned to C．came across D．rang up 3. A．precious B．strange C．pleasant D．familiar 4. A．asked B．promised C．happened D．decided 5. A．promote B．experience C．establish D．preserve 6. A．shared B．wrote C．sought D．enjoyed 7. A．puzzled at B．confident of C．particular about D．fascinated by 8. A．discovered B．encouraged C．confirmed D．admitted 9. A．creations B．personalities C．differences D．recommendations 10. A．spirit B．mission C．knowledge D．perseverance 11. A．standard B．richness C．importance D．mystery 12. A．waited around B．gave in C．showed off D．joined in 13. A．time-honoured B．fast-paced C．successful D．unpredictable 14. A．appreciating B．influencing C．developing D．protecting 15. A．selected B．embraced C．compared D．examined Passage 2 “Makan already?” Do you understand what I am saying? I exist at a 1 between two worlds, one distinctly American shaped by my upbringing here, the other an echo of my Malaysian heritage from somewhere remote. A three-week stay in Malaysia every few years was often the 2 of my summers — what more can you ask from a food paradise? But besides the family, food, and escape that Malaysia offered, I got a taste of a(n) 3 in my own culture. I became a girl lost in translation, passively absorbing various 4 shouted between the stands in the wet markets, quietly 5 along at my grandparents’ huge family dinners. In America though, I am a 6 person. As a native English speaker, I don’t think twice about my grammar when speaking. I don’t 7 with the words and fear that my messages and stories won’t 8 . In Malaysia, everything about the way I 9 gives me away. Maybe my face could pass for a Malaysian local, but once I open my mouth I am so clearly not. In the place where I’m 10 to call home, my privilege and power are 11 , skinned off layer by layer each time I naturally 12 out “have you eaten?” instead of recalling the Malaysian 13 “Makan already?”. It is 14 , but it doesn’t bother me, for I know Malaysia, where my family roots lie, contributes to my 15 . 1. A．backstreet B．crossroad C．playground D．landmark 2. A．disaster B．regret C．secret D．highlight 3. A．outsider B．hunter C．professional D．translator 4. A．clues B．tongues C．proposals D．practices 5. A．playing B．wandering C．nodding D．singing 6. A．unique B．different C．frank D．modest 7. A．argue B．beg C．struggle D．share 8. A．make sense B．draw attention C．got around D．broke through 9. A．behave B．live C．speak D．think 10. A．advised B．supposed C．forced D．ordered 11. A．moved B．kept C．changed D．removed 12. A．find B．throw C．figure D．leave 13. A．variety B．custom C．context D．expression 14. A．awkward B．attractive C．scary D．effective 15. A．language B．habit C．identity D．courage Passage 3 In a village courtyard in Hebei Province, 69-year-old Bai Hejiang is seated on a wooden chair. With great enthusiasm, he regularly 1 the story of Baoding Fast Wrestling, a traditional martial art that dates back to the Qing Dynasty and made the city famous then. Bai comes from a wrestling family with a history of six generations. He started training at the age of four and later became a member of the Hebei’s professional team until he 2 in 2013. After his retirement, he opened a wrestling gym for free, in the 3 of protecting this traditional art 4 his family’s doubt about his idea. The gym is quite simple. Here, children can 5 voluntary training without any fees. Bai firmly states, “I don’t 6 money; my only goal is to keep Baoding wrestling alive.” The students here practice 7 exercises such as lifting stones, flipping (翻转) tires and so on. There are 8 challenges. Some students give up their learning because of the hardship. However, to his 9 , there are also inspiring stories. For example, Sun Chenjun can lift 50-kilogram stones with confidence after 8 months. Her mother 10 she is becoming better at accepting failure. Guo Yuhang, who 11 to catch a cold, now has become strong. He even has the 12 to go to university and become a PE teacher. Bai’s devotion 13 how an individual’s passion can bring a cultural treasure back to life. His story proves that traditions can be 14 when there are people who are 15 to protect them. 1. A．shares B．records C．selects D．hides 2. A．hurt B．won C．escaped D．retired 3. A．face B．hope C．name D．form 4. A．apart from B．as a result of C．in spite of D．in response to 5. A．provide B．receive C．assist D．ignore 6. A．care about B．run out of C．take advantage of D．figure out 7. A．boring B．easy C．flexible D．diverse 8. A．hardly B．definitely C．eventually D．suddenly 9. A．anxiety B．regret C．sadness D．joy 10. A．remembers B．argues C．spots D．imagines 11. A．agreed B．used C．desired D．refused 12. A．duty B．budget C．goal D．example 13. A．indicates B．questions C．declares D．accepts 14. A．finished B．started C．changed D．maintained 15. A．careful B．fortunate C．willing D．new 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China celebrates the Chinese National Day on October 1st every year. The celebration marks the founding of the People’s Republic of China. For centuries, a succession of different dynasties ruled China, 1 (follow) by the short-lived Republic of China (1912—1949). After a lengthy civil war, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed China’s 2 (independent) and established the People’s Republic of China in 1949. On October 1st, 1949, 3 official victory ceremony was organized in Tian’anmen Square, 4 Mao Zedong, the leader of the CCP, raised China’s first Communist national flag. On October 2nd, 1949, the day of foundation of China was officially declared 5 (be) National Day. Since 1950, October 1st 6 (celebrate) as a great national festival in China every year and various 7 (activity) and events are organized annually to mark this day. 8 (present), China’s National Day is celebrated over a one-week period. The 7-day holiday begins from October 1st and runs until the 7th, and this period is called “Golden Week” in China. China National Day holiday is the 9 (busy) travel period in China. Tourist attractions are crowded 10 hotels are fully booked. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, festivals 1 (celebrate) all around the world and they have 2 wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Of all the 3 (tradition) festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. People celebrate to show that they are grateful 4 the year’s supply of food. 5 (actual), customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the 6 (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. Today, festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with more and more businesses 7 (add) to the celebrations. And this brings 8 (we) a lot of benefits. Festivals are an important part of society, 9 reflect people’s wishes, faiths, beliefs, and attitudes towards life. And if you study festival s carefully, you may be surprised 10 (find) that different cultures have a lot in common after all. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On December 4th, 2024, a truly thrilling milestone 1 (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was included onto UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a 2 (note) achievement. This achievement, with an impressive 44 listings 3 outnumber those of any other nation, not just highlights China’s exceptional contributions, 4 strengthens its standing as a leading cultural force on the global stage. 5 (root) in the lunar calendar and closely tied to agricultural cycles, the Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is a combination of China’s traditions, customs, arts, and culinary delights. More than 6 joyous celebration, it shows the timeless core values of harmony, family unity, and respect for ancestors. These deeply-held 7 (belief) influence the daily lives of the Chinese people, making the Spring Festival a powerful symbol of its cultural identity. UNESCO’s recognition applauds China’s unshakable commitment to preserving its intangible heritage and highlights the nation’s strong determination 8 (maintain) its unique cultural appeal. 9 (additional), this honor fosters global unity in safeguarding our 10 (planet) diverse cultural treasures, guaranteeing that China’s vibrant traditions will keep inspiring people across the globe. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $