UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“毅力是成功关键”这一核心主题，通过J.K.罗琳、勃朗特三姐妹等作家的案例，系统梳理重点词汇（如inform, guarantee）、核心句式（独立主格结构、with复合结构、祈使句+and+陈述句）及语法点（非谓语动词、状语从句省略），构建“现象引入-案例论证-语言解析-主题升华”的学习支架。 资料以案例教学为特色，通过分析作家拒稿经历培养学生分析推断的思维品质，结合词汇辨析（如regret to do/doing）、句式转换（如强调句改写）提升语言能力。课中问题设计（如“作者第一段意图”）助力教师引导探究，课后词汇练习、写作微练帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

[对应学生用书P25] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P25] We Regret to Inform① You... “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads② receiving，but words every writer knows well.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，[1]their hearts sinking③ when they reach that final sentence.You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life's work，yet still this is often not enough.Everyone knows that success rarely④ happens overnight⑤，but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection⑥. [1]their hearts sinking是“名词＋v.-ing”构成的独立主格结构，作状语。 Take for example⑦ J．K.Rowling.When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with⑧ her favourite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall.Rowling had spent years surviving on⑨ little money，[2]spending all her time writing．When she finally finished her first book，she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”，“too long”，“Children would not be interested in it”．Nevertheless⑩，she persevered⑪.“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down⑫，but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book，and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，[3]with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages． [2]spending all her time writing是v.-ing 短语作状语。 [3]此处属于“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的with复合结构，作状语；books与sell，translate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 All too often⑬ writers of great works have had to face criticism⑭ along with rejection.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school，but later struggled to⑮ [4]get his works published．“We feel that we don't know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript⑯ for The Catcher in the Rye.Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D.Salinger refused to give up.Even [5]when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on⑰ the novel throughout his war service.When it was eventually published，the book became an immediate best-seller⑱ and went on to sell millions and millions of copies. [4]get his works published是“使役动词get＋宾语＋宾补足语”结构。his works是宾语；published是过去分词形式作宾语补足语，his works与publish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 [5]此处属于时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式是“when he was serving...Second World War”。因主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词的某种形式，故省略了从句的“主语＋be”部分。 Perhaps the overall⑲ prize for perseverance should go to⑳ three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print㉑.This，however，was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.As the then㉒ Poet Laureate，Robert Southey，wrote to one of them：“Literature cannot be the business㉓of a woman's life，and it ought not to be.” Nevertheless，the sisters didn't stop trying.Their response was [6]to write a book of poems under male names．Even when the book sold only two copies，the sisters still didn't give up.They started writing novels，and today Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre，Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey are regarded as classics㉔ of world literature.In fact，[7]it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words：“I honour㉕ endurance㉖，perseverance，industry㉗，talent; because these are the means㉘ [8]by which men achieve great ends㉙...” [6]此处为动词不定式短语作表语，解释Their response的内容。 [7]此处属于强调句型，强调地点状语within the pages of Jane Eyre。 [8]by which men achieve great ends是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means。之所以用介词by，是因为该介词与先行词常构成“by...means”的惯用搭配。 So，[9]it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee ㉚ success．[10]While a lot of hard work and a touch of ㉛ luck play a part, perseverance is the key.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted㉜to inform you...” [9]此处属于“It seems that...”句式，意为“似乎……”，可转化为“Sb/Sth seem(s) to do/to be doing/to have done sth”句式。 [10]此处是由while引导的让步状语从句，while在此表示“虽然”。 ①inform vt.通知，告知 ②dread vt.畏惧，惧怕(相当于fear) dread doing sth害怕做某事 ③one's heart sinks 某人心情沉重/情绪低落(用于表示失去信心或希望) ④rarely adv.很少，难得 ⑤overnight adv.突然，一下子，一夜之间 ⑥rejection n.[C，U]拒绝，否决 a rejection letter 回绝信 reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑 ⑦take...for example 以……为例 [拓展]与example相关的其他短语：set an example(for/to sb) (为某人) 树立榜样 follow one's example 以某人为榜样，仿效某人 for example(＝for instance) 例如 ⑧have...in common with与……有共同之处 ⑨survive on 靠……生存 [近义]live on靠(……钱)生活 ⑩nevertheless adv.然而，不过 ⑪persevere vi.锲而不舍，坚持不懈 persevere in (doing) sth坚持(做)某事 perseverance n.[U]毅力 ⑫turn sb down 拒绝某人 turn one's invitation down 拒绝某人的邀请 ⑬all too often有太多时候，太过频繁(表示坏事发生次数太多) ⑭criticism n.[U，C]批评，指责 criticise vt.& vi.批评 critical adj.批评的，挑剔的 critic n.[C]批判家，评论家 ⑮struggle to do sth努力做某事 ⑯manuscript n.[C]手稿，底稿 ⑰当work on中的on是介词时，该短语表示“从事于”或“对……有作用”，可视具体语境翻译成相应的汉语，如：work on a novel写小说、work on me对我起效；当on是副词时，该短语表示“继续工作” ⑱best-seller n.[C]畅销书，畅销产品 ⑲overall adj.全面的，综合的 ⑳go to sb由某人得到，被授予某人 Who did the award for Best Actress go to？谁获得了最佳女演员奖？ ㉑in print 已刊印，已出版 get into print 被出版，被发表 out of print 绝版，不再印行 ㉒then adj.[熟词生义]当时(任职等) 的 ㉓business n.业务，工作 ㉔classic n.[C]名著；经典作品 ㉕honour vt.[熟词生义]尊敬 ㉖endurance n.[U](忍) 耐力 endure vt.忍耐，忍受(同bear) ㉗industry [一词多义]n.[U]勤奋，勤劳 a man of industry 勤劳的人 n.[U]工业 heavy/light industry 重/轻工业 n.[C]行业 the tourist industry 旅游行业 ㉘means n.[C]方式，方法(单复数同形) ㉙end n.[C][熟词生义]目标 ㉚guarantee vt.保证；确保 guarantee sb sth向某人保证某事 ㉛a touch of 有一点…… touch n.[熟词生义]一点儿，少许 ㉜delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的 我们遗憾地通知您…… “我们遗憾地通知您……”这是每个作家都害怕收到的话，但又为每个作家所熟知。出版商的回复来了，作家急切地展开阅读，当他们读到那最后一句时，心随即跌落谷底。你可能花了数年，放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品，但这往往通常还不够。每个人都知道成功很少突然降临，但也许没有多少人知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 以J.K.罗琳为例。当她收到第一封回绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在了厨房的墙上。罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有的时间都花在写作上。当她终于写完她的第一本书时，她收到的出版商的评价却是“对孩子们来说太难了”“太长了”“孩子们不会对它感兴趣”。尽管如此，她还是坚持了下来。“我不会放弃的，除非每一个出版商都拒绝我，但我经常担心那会发生，”她后来说道。在总共被拒绝了12次之后，终于有一位出版商同意出版她的第一本书并印刷500本，之后，正如我们所知，《哈利·波特》在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言。 那些写出伟大作品的作家在被回绝的同时，还要遭受批评，这太普遍了。J.D.塞林格高中时开始写短篇小说，但后来自己的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得我们无法充分理解主角”，这是他《麦田里的守望者》的手稿所受到的批评。尽管遭到几个出版商的拒绝，J.D.塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在第二次世界大战期间，他在美国军队服役时，也随身带着《麦田里的守望者》的六章内容，并在整个战争服役期间致力于这部小说的创作。最终这本书一经出版，便立即成了畅销书，卖出千百万册。 或许坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该给予英国维多利亚时代的三姐妹，她们梦想着看到自己的文字出版。然而，这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。正如当时的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞写给她们其中一位的信中所说：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人一生的事业。”然而，三姐妹没有停止努力。她们的对策是用男性的名字出一本诗集。尽管这本诗集只卖出了两册，姐妹三人依旧没有放弃。她们开始写小说，如今夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》，艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮丝·格雷》都被认为是世界文学的经典作品。事实上，这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的话：“我尊崇忍耐、毅力、勤奋和天赋；因为这些是人们实现伟大目标所凭借的手段……” 所以，仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。虽然艰苦的努力和少许的运气起一部分作用，但毅力才是关键。继续努力，最终你会读到这些话“我们高兴地通知您……” [对应学生用书P28] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．debt n.债务；欠款 2．pace n.速度；进度 3．inform v.通知，告知 4．nevertheless adv.然而，不过 5．classic n.名著；经典作品 6．guarantee v.保证；确保 7．outcome n.结果，后果 拓展单词 8．rarely adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀少的；罕有的 9．rejection n.拒绝，否决→reject v.拒绝接受 10．criticism n.批评；指责→criticise vt.批评 11．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n.高兴；愉快；快乐vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．regret to do 很遗憾…… 2．take...for example 以……为例 3．have...in common与……有共同之处 4．stick...on 把……贴到……上 5．along the lines of 类似 6．turn down 拒绝 7．a total of 总共 8．play a part 起作用 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．独立主格结构 The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，their hearts sinking (心随即跌落谷底) when they reach that final sentence. 2．with复合结构 ...and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages (销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言). 3．状语从句的省略 Even when serving in the US Army (在美国军队服役时) during the Second World War，he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. 4．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Keep trying and (继续努力) eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” [对应学生用书P29] Ⅰ.What's mainly talked about in the passage? A．Many famous writers have many regrets. B．Success depends on talent. C．Perseverance is the key to success. D．Many famous writers have been treated unfairly. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read the passage and fill in the blanks Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What's the author's intention by writing the last sentence in the first paragraph? A．To advise us to be patient. B．To show the writer's attitude towards success. C．To introduce the following content. D．To show the key to success. 2．What can we conclude about J．K.Rowling from the second paragraph? A．She knew many famous writers had previously faced rejections. B．She got frustrated by the first rejection letter and gave up. C．Her first book of Harry Potter was published at her first attempt. D．She revised her first book following the advice of publishers. 3．What is special about J．D.Salinger from other writers mentioned in this text? A．He had faced many rejections before his novel was published. B．He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind. C．He worked on his novel when serving in the army. D．His novel was not popular when it was first published. 4．Which of the following can best describe the three Brontё sisters? A．Intelligent and considerate. B．Talented and strong-minded. C．Gentle and generous. D．Wise and ambitious. 答案　1－4　CACB 1．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. [句式分析] 本句为and连接的并列句。其中their hearts sinking 为独立主格结构，在句中作状语；when they reach that final sentence为when引导的时间状语从句。　 [翻译]　出版商的回复来了，作家急切地展开阅读，当他们读到最后一句时，心随即跌落谷底。 2．When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall. [句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。“When she received her first rejection letter”为when引导的时间状语从句；主句中“that it meant...writers”为宾语从句，在此从句中“she now had something in common with her favourite writers”为省略了that的宾语从句。 [翻译]　当她收到第一封退稿信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在了厨房的墙上。 [对应学生用书P30] [核心词汇·练透] debt n.债务；欠债；负债情况；人情；恩情 in debt　欠债；欠款 be/get out of debt　摆脱债务 get into debt　陷入债务 pay off one's debts　还清债务 owe sb a debt　欠某人人情 [教材原句]When the funds are low and the debts are high... 当资金短缺且债台高筑时…… [练通]——补全句子/ 完成句子 (1) She was in debt(欠债) when she was poor，but she has been out of debt(摆脱债务) since she started to take control of her finances and make wise decisions with her money. (2)If I make good money this time，I'll pay off all my debts (还清所有的债务) first. (3)你对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠你的人情债。 You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you．(应用文佳句之感谢信) regret to do sth 很遗憾要做某事 (1)regret doing/having done sth　后悔做了某事 regret to tell sb that...　遗憾地告诉某人…… (2)with great regret　非常遗憾 to one's regret　令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 [教材原句]“We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving，but words every writer knows well. “我们抱歉地通知您……” 这句话，对每个作家来说，既可怕又熟悉。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)I regret leaving/having left (leave) the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. (2)I regret to tell (tell) you that I won't be able to attend the meeting due to the late arrival of my flight. (3)我满心愧疚，冲出去向珍妮道歉。 With guilt and regret flowing in my mind，I rushed out to apologize to Jenny.(续写佳句之情绪描写) inform vt.通知；告知(→information n.信息) inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that...　告知某人…… keep sb informed of/about...　通知某人关于……；使某人知道…… [教材原句]“We regret to inform you...”These are the words that every writer dreads receiving，but words every writer knows well. “我们抱歉地通知您……”这句话，对每个作家来说，既可怕又熟悉。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information (inform)we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)我很荣幸地通知你，在这次演讲比赛中你获得第一名。 I have the honour to inform you that you have won the first prize in the speech competition.(应用文佳句之祝贺信) have...in common with 与……在……方面有相同之处 (1)have a lot/much/a great deal/nothing/little in common with...　与……有很多/没有共同之处 in common with...　与……一样 (2)common sense　常识；情理 [教材原句]When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall. 当她收到第一封回绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在了厨房的墙上。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)Britain，in common with many other industrialized countries，has experienced major changes over the last 100 years. (2)你和你朋友的共性越多，你们的友谊就越有可能发展。 The more you have in common with your friend，the more likely your friendship will develop.(应用文佳句之建议信) guarantee v.保证；确保 n.保证；保修单 (1)guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb　向某人保证某事 guarantee to do/that...　保证做……；确保…… (2)under guarantee　在保修期内 give sb a guarantee (that)...　向某人保证…… [教材原句]So，it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. 所以，仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 一句多译 (1)If I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be (be) happy，I'd pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess，I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说).(2024·全国甲卷) (2)The shop said my watch would be repaired free if it was still under guarantee. (3)我向你保证一旦你读了这份英文报《青年》你就会爱上它。 ①I give you a guarantee that you will be fond of it once you read the English newspaper Youth.(guarantee n.) ② I guarantee that you will be fond of it once you read the English newspaper Youth.(guarantee v.) [重点句型·通关] with复合结构 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词； (2)with＋宾语＋doing表示主动或进行； (3)with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成； (4)with＋宾语＋to do表示将来的动作。 [教材原句] After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book，and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 在收到12封拒稿信后，终于有家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道，《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1) With more natural resources running (run) out，the care for the environment is becoming more and more important. (2)With an important class meeting to participate (participate) in，I can't go outing with you this weekend. (3)Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked (link) in the chain of common interests.(北师选必四U12) (4)Gunter把出租车停在公共汽车后面，转过身来，脸上挂着大大的笑容看着我。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus，turned around，and looked at me with a big smile on his face．(续写佳句之情感描写) 祈使句＋and＋陈述句 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句 (2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句 (3)名词词组(常含有more、another等词) ＋and＋陈述句 [教材原句]Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” 继续努力，最终你会读到这些话，“我们高兴地通知您……” [练通]——单句语法填空/ 句式升级 (1)A bit more effort，I think，and you will settle the problem. (2)Don't be too talkative，or you may leave a poor impression on others. (3)If you follow your teacher's advice，you'll catch up with others in English study. →Follow your teacher's advice，and you'll catch up with others in English study.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) →Following your teacher's advice，you'll catch up with others in English study.(分词作状语) [对应学生用书P33] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．go wrong (在过程中)出错；弄错；出毛病 2．twists and turns 迂回曲折 3．stick it/sth out (把困难、痛苦或枯燥的事)坚持到底 4．stick to 坚持；遵守；信守 5．overcome a problem 克服困难；解决问题 6．reach the final sentence 读到最后一句 7．survive on little money 靠很少的钱继续维持生活 8. all/only too often 有太多时候；太过频繁 9．great works 名著 10．the central character 主角；主人公 11．serve in the army 服兵役 12．work on 从事于；致力于 13．see sb's words in print 看到作品出版 14．under male names 以男性的名字 15．achieve great ends 实现宏大的目标 16．a touch of 少量……；一点儿…… Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The store guarantees(保证) a refund if the item is not to the customer's satisfaction，providing a sense of security and peace of mind for shoppers. 2．It is widely known that the Internet has many advantages.It keeps us informed (告知) of the latest news，and also provides entertainment. 3．They are friends and have a lot in common (有很多共同点)，so they are willing to have a talk with each other. 4．With the door open (门开着)，the noise of the machines is almost unbearable. 5．Learn about the general history of the Tang Dynasty (了解唐朝的历史概况)，and you'll understand the Tang Poems better. [对应学生用书P33] 态度、品格描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．stick to坚持 2．take...for example以……为例 3．turn down拒绝 4．survive on靠……生存 5．play a part (in)(在……中)起作用 6．struggle to do sth努力做某事 7．have...in common with与……有共同之处 8．dream of doing sth梦想做某事 补充词汇 9．devote/commit oneself to doing sth致力于做某事 10．never give up永不言弃 11．in spite of尽管 12．hold a positive attitude towards对……持有积极态度 13．be determined to do sth决心做某事 14．get over difficulties克服困难 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight，but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection. 大家都明白，成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 2．“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted. “我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。 3．In fact，it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance，perseverance，industry，talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends...” 其实，这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标……” 其他表达 4．Despite the fact that he lost his arms in an accident，he kept practising playing the piano with his toes and won in a competition in 2010. 尽管事实是他在事故中失去了双臂，但他坚持练习用脚弹钢琴，并且在2010年的一个比赛中获胜。 5．His positive attitude towards life is an inspiration to all of us. 他积极的生活态度对我们大家是一种鼓舞。 6．To my mind，the most important quality of a person is the sense of responsibility. 在我看来，人最重要的品格就是责任感。 7．Though facing the most challenging event of my life，I'm full of courage and confidence.With the generous help of my teacher，friends and classmates，I have made huge progress in study. 尽管面对人生中最具挑战性的事件，但我充满勇气和信心。在老师、朋友们和同学们的慷慨帮助下，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．杰克早年艰苦的经历没有使他灰心，相反，正是他积极的生活态度和绘画天赋使他创造出了一种新的绘画风格。 Jack's early experiences of hardship did not discourage him.Instead，it is his positive attitude towards life and his talent for painting that led to his creation of a new style of painting. 2．他克服了一切的困难，致力于成为自己想成为的人。 He got over all the difficulties and devoted himself to becoming the person he wanted to be. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$