Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版2024）

Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Look it up!单元话题：百科全书 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Here are some encyclopedias for you to read in our online library. The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth Edition): An English-language dictionary containing more than 51,000 topics, the Columbia Encyclopedia provides trusted facts and information. More than 200 people make great efforts for depth and accuracy (精确) of the encyclopedia. Its topics are complete and clear. Medical encyclopedias: Online medical encyclopedias are for doctors, educators and students. The library of free medical encyclopedias contains a variety of trusted facts that cover medical conditions, medical symptoms (症状), and medical causes of health-related problems. Computer encyclopedias: Our online library of computer encyclopedias is very useful whether you’re looking for in-depth research or just learning about computer technology. The computer encyclopedias include topics like computer science, computer science and engineering, and computer science and technology. Science encyclopedias: Our online library of science encyclopedias covers a variety of topics from biology, psychology, and chemistry to religion and science discoveries. Our online science encyclopedias for kids are a big help for school research projects and science experiments. 1．How many kinds of encyclopedias are mentioned? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Medical encyclopedias are for the follow EXCEPT ________. A．doctors B．educators C．scientists D．students 3．Maria is a student and she wants to learn something about computer science. Which of the following can she choose? A．The Columbia encyclopedias. B．Computer encyclopedias. C．Medical encyclopedias. D．Science encyclopedias. 4．The underlined word “covers” mean “________” in English. A．includes B．opens C．turns D．finds 5．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A magazine. B．A school website. C．A storybook. D．A diary. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了可供在在线图书馆阅读的一些百科全书。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth Edition)”、“Medical encyclopedias”、“Computer encyclopedias”和“Science encyclopedias”可知文中一共提到4种百科全书。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Online medical encyclopedias are for doctors, educators, and students.”可知，在线医学百科全书是为医生、教育工作者和学生准备的。没有提到科学家。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The computer encyclopedias include topics like computer science, computer science and engineering, and computer science and technology.”可知，计算机百科全书包括计算机科学、计算机科学与工程以及计算机科学与技术等主题。因此Mary作为学生想要学习有关计算机科学，可以选择计算机百科全书。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Our online library of science encyclopedias covers a variety of topics from biology, psychology, and chemistry to religion and science discoveries.”可知，我们的在线科学百科全书库涵盖了从生物学、心理学、化学到宗教和科学发现等各种主题。因此covers意为“涵盖、覆盖”，与includes同义。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“Here are some encyclopedias for you to read in our online library.”可知，本文介绍了可供在在线图书馆阅读的一些百科全书。因此这篇文章应是来自一个学校网站。故选B。 I like animals very much, especially (尤其) birds. When I have time, I like feeding birds, and reading books about animals. Let me tell you something about owls (猫头鹰) and pigeons (鸽子). Owls are night animals. They have big eyes. They can see better at night. Owls are quite strange. They sleep in the daytime. At night, they come out to look for food. So animals like owls are called nocturnal ones. Pigeons are big birds. They like to live in a birdhouse. Many people like to keep pigeons. They make rooms for them near a window. In the daytime, the pigeons fly away. But at night they come back. Sometimes people take a pigeon on faraway from home, and they tie a letter to one of its legs. The pigeon can take the letter back home! 1．What does the writer like doing? A．Feeding birds. B．Reading books. C．Taking photos of the birds. D．Writing books about animals. 2．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” mean in Chinese? A．夜间活动的 B．白天活动的 C．不活动的 D．持续活动的 3．According to the passage, owls ________. A．can sleep better at night B．can see better in the daytime C．can see better at night D．come out to look for food in the daytime 4．People make rooms for pigeons ________. A．near a door B．near a window C．under the tree D．in the tree 5．From the passage, we can learn ________. A．the writer thinks owls are clever B．pigeons sometimes lose their way C．lots of people like to keep pigeons D．Owls can take a letter back home 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了猫头鹰和鸽子两种动物的生活习性。 1． 细节理解题。根据“When I have time, I like feeding birds, watching birds and reading books about animals. ”可知，作者喜欢喂鸟，观察鸟和阅读有关动物的书籍，不喜欢“给鸟拍照”，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“They sleep in the daytime. At night, they come out to look for food.”可知猫头鹰白天睡觉，晚上外出寻找食物，所以“nocturnal”意为“夜间活动的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They can see better at night.”可知，猫头鹰在晚上看得更清楚。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“They make rooms for them near a window.”可知，人们在靠近窗户的地方给鸽子做窝。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Many people like to keep pigeons.”可知，许多人喜欢养鸽子。故选C。 A dog can’t speak words, but it can “talk”. It has feelings just as you do. At times it may feel angry or afraid. Watching a dog closely, you can find out what it feels. You can see what it is trying to tell you. When a person is afraid, he or she may look shy. A dog will look away from you when it is afraid of you. It may run away, too. When a man is angry with some people, he looks at them and shut his mouth. An angry dog also stares with its eyes. Sometimes the hair along its back stands up. Do you feel shy when you have done something you shouldn’t do? Dogs can feel shy, too. At times when I come home, my dog gives me a shy look. Then I know he’s done something wrong. Dogs need love and attention. Some dogs are very unhappy when they are left alone for a long time. Some dogs even bite people if they don’t get enough attention. You may have a dog or you may know a dog. Take good care of it if you want to have fun with it. Play with it. Take it for a walk. Try not to beat it if it does something wrong for the first time. Always remember, a dog has needs and feelings just as you do. Talk to a dog, and it’ll talk to you, too. 1．The writer thinks the dogs ______. A．can walk with two legs B．have feelings C．need more food D．are very kind 2．If a dog runs away, it may ______. A．feel lonely B．feel happy C．be afraid D．be angry 3．You can tell that a dog has done something bad when ______. A．its hair stands up B．it runs away from you C．it has a shy look D．its mouth is shut 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “stare”? A．踢脚 B．瞪视 C．闭嘴 D．咬人 5．Which of the following sentences are NOT right except ______. A．the dogs often stare when they are hungry B．all the dogs need food and water, but not love and attention C．the dogs don’t like staying at home alone D．we don’t need to talk with the dog 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了狗虽然不能说话，但是可以通过行为和表情表达情感，它们需要关爱和关注。 1．细节理解题。根据“It has feelings just as you do.”可知作者认为狗有感情。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“A dog will look away from you when it is afraid of you. It may run away, too.”可知如果狗跑开，它可能是害怕了。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“At times when I come home, my dog gives me a shy look. Then I know he’s done something wrong.”可知当狗看起来害羞时，你可以看出它做了坏事。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“An angry dog also stares with its eyes”可知一只愤怒的狗也用眼睛盯着看，故此处划线部分意为“瞪视”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Some dogs are very unhappy when they are left alone for a long time”可知有些狗长时间独处时很不开心，可见狗不喜欢独自待在家里。故选C。 A new study shows that learning math before bedtime helps people remember it better. Researchers from the universities of Leicester and Loughborough found that sleep plays a key role in keeping new information in mind. While many believe that studying in the morning is better because the mind is fresh, this research suggests otherwise. The study invited 184 people in the UK, aged 18 to 40. They had to remember difficult math problems, such as 25×8, without calculating the answers. The goal was to see how quickly they could remember the answers. In the first part of the experiment, people studied the problems between 8:00 pm and 10:45 pm and had a test the next morning. A week later, they studied in the morning, between 7:30 am and 10:00 am, and were tested in the evening. In both cases, testing took place 10 hours after learning. The results showed that those who learned math before bedtime did better, getting the points of about 20.7. But morning learners only got an average of 18.5. This shows that the brain makes memory appear again during sleep, and it is easier for people to remember. While previous (之前的) research worked on how sleep improves word learning, this study shows that people can also remember numbers better after a good night’s rest. It tells the importance of studying challenging material, like math, before going to bed. 1．According to the passage, which of the following can we learn about? A．The longer you sleep, the better memory of math you can get. B．People should always study math before going to bed instead. C．Adults aged 18 to 40 are better at learning difficult math than other age groups. D．Sleep is important in helping the brain remember not only words but also numbers. 2．Which picture best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．This study. B．Sleep. C．Word learning. D．Previous research. 4．Where can we read this article? A．In a story book. B．In a travel guide. C．In a science magazine. D．In an encyclopedia. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——人们在晚上睡觉前学习算数比在早晨学习更有效率。 1．细节理解题。根据“While previous research worked on how sleep improves word learning, this study shows that people can also remember numbers better after a good night’s rest.”可知，睡眠不仅能帮助大脑记住单词，还能记住数字。故选D。 2．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总体介绍一项新的研究结果；第二、三、四段介绍了研究的过程和结果；第五段得出最终结论。文章结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“While previous research worked on how sleep improves word learning, this study shows that people can also remember numbers better after a good night’s rest.”可知，这项研究表明人们在睡觉前学习数学等具有挑战性的材料的重要性。划线单词指代的是前面提到的this study。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“A new study shows that learning math before bedtime helps people remember it better.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，可能会在科学杂志上见到。故选C。 Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the first article mainly talk about? A．A famous French mime artist. B．The history of mime performance. C．How to become a mime artist. D．The popularity of mime in different countries. 2．What is special about Philippe Bizot’s mime performances? A．He uses a lot of props and costumes. B．He talks and sings during his performances. C．He has won many awards for his performances. D．He only uses his body, gestures, and facial expressions. 3．How are whales and dolphins similar, according to the second article? A．They can both breathe under water. B．They both need to come up to the surface to breathe. C．They are both very large animals. D．They can both communicate through speech. 4．Which animals are described as “loving the sea” in the second article? A．Seals. B．Otters. C．Both seals and otters. D．Neither seals nor otters. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了百科全书的内容范围以及通过两个具体的例子(一位哑剧大师和海洋生物) 来展示百科全书可能包含的信息类型。 1．主旨大意题。第一篇文章主要围绕法国著名哑剧大师 Philippe Bizot 展开，讲述了他的出生年份、学习哑剧的时间、获得的奖项以及演出经历等内容，重点在于介绍这位哑剧艺术家。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一篇文章“With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions.”可知，Philippe Bizot 表演的特别之处在于他仅通过身体、手势和面部表情来进行演出。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二篇文章“The whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do.”可知，海豚和鲸鱼都需要空气来呼吸，它们呼吸的方式是一样的；据此可以推断，它们都需要上浮到水面来呼吸。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第二篇文章“Seals and otters love the sea. They swim and play there.”可知，海豹和水獭都被描述为“热爱大海”的动物。故选C。 Do you often dream at night? How do you feel when you dream? Is it useful to our health? “Dreams may be more important than sleep, and we all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? People have several dreams each night. Scientists explain that during sleeping time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. For example, what has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. In fact, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 1．What can we infer when dreams come to somebody again and again? A．The dreams are very sweet to him. B．He often gets worries from the dream. C．Something painful happens in the daytime. D．Happy memories connect things together in his mind. 2．According to the last paragraph, we know dreams can ________ sometimes. A．help us get new ideas B．make us lazier C．have us study harder D．wake us up easily 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the passage? A．Weather. B．Health. C．History. D．Sport. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了做梦的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again.”可知，如果一个梦反复出现，可能是因为白天有痛苦的事情发生。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams.”可知，梦有时可以帮助我们获得新点子。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一二段介绍了什么是梦，三四五段分别介绍了梦在三个方面的好处，因此文章结构与D选项最为符合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论有关梦对健康和心理的影响。因此在“健康”版块最有可能出现。故选B。 Encyclopedia Britannica used to be the king of encyclopedias. It hopes to become the most important encyclopedia again. An encyclopedia has information about many different things. It includes articles on topics like animals, science, and many people were willing to buy them. They thought Britannica was the best encyclopedia. Britannica began in Scotland nearly 250 years ago. It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100, 000 sets of books. It was Britannica’s best year. Book sales dropped after that. People stopped getting information only from books. They began getting it online as well. A few years ago, the company stopped publishing the books. It put the whole encyclopedia on the Internet, However, Britannica online is not as popular as some other online encyclopedias. About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopedias are free. In addition, other online encyclopedias have millions of articles while Britannica has only 106, 000. However, Britannica’s articles are more trustworthy. The experts make sure the articles are correct. Britannica covers most of the same general subjects as other online encyclopedias, but finding its articles can be more difficult. The Britannica page also has many ads. The ads help support the company. 1．When did people start to become less interested in Encyclopedia Britannica books? A．In 1935. B．In 1990. C．In 1991. D．In 2002. 2．Why is online Britannica less popular than other online encyclopedias? A．Other online encyclopedias are more trustworthy. B．The readers can read more free articles in other online encyclopedias. C．There aren’t any ads in other online encyclopedias. D．Other online encyclopedias cover most of the subjects of Britannica. 3．Why does the Britannica page have ads? A．To make money for the company. B．To make it more user-friendly. C．To make its website popular. D．To help other companies earn money. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了《大英百科全书》曾经是百科全书之王，但是一些在线百科全书开始之后，人们对《大英百科全书》的兴趣逐渐减少。 1．细节理解题。根据“In 1990, the company sold more than 100, 000 sets of books. It was Britannica’s best year. Book sales dropped after that. People stopped getting information only from books.”可知1990年，该公司售出了10多万册图书，这是《大英百科全书》最好的一年，在那之后，图书销量下降了，即从1991年开始，人们对它的兴趣开始减少。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopedias are free. In addition, other online encyclopedias have millions of articles while Britannica has only 106, 000”可知《大英百科全书》大约一半的文章是免费的，而其他在线百科全书上的几乎所有文章都是免费的，此外，其他在线百科全书有数百万篇文章，而《大英百科全书》只有106000篇。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Britannica page also has many ads. The ads help support the company.”可知这些广告有助于支持该公司。故选A。 Imagine the situation: in a cold and dark night, you are driving alone on a mountain, and you have no idea where you are. Suddenly your car breaks down and you have no mobile phone. What should you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This device (装置) may be able to help you. It uses satellites to find the users’ position. It can find your position within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. The GPS is a small radio receiver (无线电接收机). It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. In this way, we can take it with ourselves everywhere. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you can know where you are. For example, they can tell you the name of a street in a city. With the help of GPS, you are able to find your way in different places and don’t be afraid of getting lost. In addition, it provides services even in bad weather. There are three parts of the GPS. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand or fix it into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting (绕……轨道运行) the Earth. The third part is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world and can control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile phones. The devices will become cheaper and better. There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps one day they will become something like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 1．According to the passage, what can we do with the help of the GPS? A．We can call for help. B．We can start our cars faster. C．We can find out where we are. D．We can stop our cars from breaking down. 2．What is true about the GPS? A．It’s a new kind of mobile phone. B．It can’t be put in a boat or a plane. C．All GPS devices have electronic maps. D．We can hold the receiver of it in our hands. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Systems. B．Ground stations. C．Satellites. D．Receivers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The shape of the GPS. B．The receiver of the GPS. C．The three parts of the GPS. D．The introduction of the GPS. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了GPS的功能、构成、对GPS发展的畅想。 1．细节理解题。根据“A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.”可知，GPS能弄清楚我们在哪里。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand or fix it into your car, plane, etc.”可知，可以把GPS的接收器握在手里。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The third part is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world and can control the satellites and make sure they are working well.”可知，此处指地面接收站遍布世界各地，由此推出They指代上文提到的ground stations。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了GPS的功能和工作原理，故选D。 重难语篇提升练 Scientists say climate (气候) change has something to do with American birds. A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years. This change in size follows a rule called Bergmann’s Rule. The rule says that animals in colder areas are usually larger than those in warmer areas. That’s because larger animals are able to keep warmer. As the climate changes, especially facing rising temperatures, ________. Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too. What does this mean? First, climate change is happening faster than ever before, so animals may not be able to change fast enough. Besides, when an animal becomes smaller, other things will change. When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population. This shows the bigger problem with climate change— people are not able to know ahead (预先) what will happen when the earth’s temperature keeps rising, and that is the real danger. 1．How many kinds of American birds became smaller in size in the past 38 years? A．38. B．52. C．700. D．70,000. 2．Which of the following can be put in“________ ” in Paragraph 3? A．animals now have to make changes B．animals won’t feel cold C．animals don’t need to move in winter D．animals are in danger 3．What does the underlined word “identical” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Famous. B．New. C．Same. D．Wonderful. 4．What will happen if the body of an animal gets smaller? A．It will move to cold areas. B．It will have a smaller population. C．It will be difficult for it to live. D．It will become smaller and smaller. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Kinds of American Birds B．Protect Birds in the World C．Birds Study in the USA D．Danger of Climate Change 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讨论了气候变化导致美国52种常见鸟类在过去38年体型变小的现象，这种现象遵循贝格曼法则，即寒冷地区的动物通常比温暖地区的动物体型大。随着气候变暖，一些动物体型缩小以适应环境。这种变化可能导致种群数量减少，突显了气候变化的不确定性和潜在危险。 1．细节理解题。根据“A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years.”可知，在过去38年中有52种美国鸟类的体型变小了。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据下文“Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too.”可知，这一段讨论的是气候变化对动物的影响，特别是体型的变化，后文举例说明了鸟类和鱼的尺寸都随着气候变化而变小，因此选项A“动物现在必须做出改变”符合语境。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too.”可知，此处描述鱼类跟鸟类一样，身体尺寸也变小了，因此推测identical的意思是“相同的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population.”可知，体型变小可能导致动物产生的后代数量减少，进而可能改变种群数量。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了气候变化对鸟类体型的影响以及这种变化的潜在危险。选项D“气候变化的危险”最能概括文章的主旨，因此是最佳标题。故选D。 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Look it up!单元话题：百科全书 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Here are some encyclopedias for you to read in our online library. The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth Edition): An English-language dictionary containing more than 51,000 topics, the Columbia Encyclopedia provides trusted facts and information. More than 200 people make great efforts for depth and accuracy (精确) of the encyclopedia. Its topics are complete and clear. Medical encyclopedias: Online medical encyclopedias are for doctors, educators and students. The library of free medical encyclopedias contains a variety of trusted facts that cover medical conditions, medical symptoms (症状), and medical causes of health-related problems. Computer encyclopedias: Our online library of computer encyclopedias is very useful whether you’re looking for in-depth research or just learning about computer technology. The computer encyclopedias include topics like computer science, computer science and engineering, and computer science and technology. Science encyclopedias: Our online library of science encyclopedias covers a variety of topics from biology, psychology, and chemistry to religion and science discoveries. Our online science encyclopedias for kids are a big help for school research projects and science experiments. 1．How many kinds of encyclopedias are mentioned? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Medical encyclopedias are for the follow EXCEPT ________. A．doctors B．educators C．scientists D．students 3．Maria is a student and she wants to learn something about computer science. Which of the following can she choose? A．The Columbia encyclopedias. B．Computer encyclopedias. C．Medical encyclopedias. D．Science encyclopedias. 4．The underlined word “covers” mean “________” in English. A．includes B．opens C．turns D．finds 5．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A magazine. B．A school website. C．A storybook. D．A diary. I like animals very much, especially (尤其) birds. When I have time, I like feeding birds, and reading books about animals. Let me tell you something about owls (猫头鹰) and pigeons (鸽子). Owls are night animals. They have big eyes. They can see better at night. Owls are quite strange. They sleep in the daytime. At night, they come out to look for food. So animals like owls are called nocturnal ones. Pigeons are big birds. They like to live in a birdhouse. Many people like to keep pigeons. They make rooms for them near a window. In the daytime, the pigeons fly away. But at night they come back. Sometimes people take a pigeon on faraway from home, and they tie a letter to one of its legs. The pigeon can take the letter back home! 1．What does the writer like doing? A．Feeding birds. B．Reading books. C．Taking photos of the birds. D．Writing books about animals. 2．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” mean in Chinese? A．夜间活动的 B．白天活动的 C．不活动的 D．持续活动的 3．According to the passage, owls ________. A．can sleep better at night B．can see better in the daytime C．can see better at night D．come out to look for food in the daytime 4．People make rooms for pigeons ________. A．near a door B．near a window C．under the tree D．in the tree 5．From the passage, we can learn ________. A．the writer thinks owls are clever B．pigeons sometimes lose their way C．lots of people like to keep pigeons D．Owls can take a letter back home A dog can’t speak words, but it can “talk”. It has feelings just as you do. At times it may feel angry or afraid. Watching a dog closely, you can find out what it feels. You can see what it is trying to tell you. When a person is afraid, he or she may look shy. A dog will look away from you when it is afraid of you. It may run away, too. When a man is angry with some people, he looks at them and shut his mouth. An angry dog also stares with its eyes. Sometimes the hair along its back stands up. Do you feel shy when you have done something you shouldn’t do? Dogs can feel shy, too. At times when I come home, my dog gives me a shy look. Then I know he’s done something wrong. Dogs need love and attention. Some dogs are very unhappy when they are left alone for a long time. Some dogs even bite people if they don’t get enough attention. You may have a dog or you may know a dog. Take good care of it if you want to have fun with it. Play with it. Take it for a walk. Try not to beat it if it does something wrong for the first time. Always remember, a dog has needs and feelings just as you do. Talk to a dog, and it’ll talk to you, too. 1．The writer thinks the dogs ______. A．can walk with two legs B．have feelings C．need more food D．are very kind 2．If a dog runs away, it may ______. A．feel lonely B．feel happy C．be afraid D．be angry 3．You can tell that a dog has done something bad when ______. A．its hair stands up B．it runs away from you C．it has a shy look D．its mouth is shut 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “stare”? A．踢脚 B．瞪视 C．闭嘴 D．咬人 5．Which of the following sentences are NOT right except ______. A．the dogs often stare when they are hungry B．all the dogs need food and water, but not love and attention C．the dogs don’t like staying at home alone D．we don’t need to talk with the dog A new study shows that learning math before bedtime helps people remember it better. Researchers from the universities of Leicester and Loughborough found that sleep plays a key role in keeping new information in mind. While many believe that studying in the morning is better because the mind is fresh, this research suggests otherwise. The study invited 184 people in the UK, aged 18 to 40. They had to remember difficult math problems, such as 25×8, without calculating the answers. The goal was to see how quickly they could remember the answers. In the first part of the experiment, people studied the problems between 8:00 pm and 10:45 pm and had a test the next morning. A week later, they studied in the morning, between 7:30 am and 10:00 am, and were tested in the evening. In both cases, testing took place 10 hours after learning. The results showed that those who learned math before bedtime did better, getting the points of about 20.7. But morning learners only got an average of 18.5. This shows that the brain makes memory appear again during sleep, and it is easier for people to remember. While previous (之前的) research worked on how sleep improves word learning, this study shows that people can also remember numbers better after a good night’s rest. It tells the importance of studying challenging material, like math, before going to bed. 1．According to the passage, which of the following can we learn about? A．The longer you sleep, the better memory of math you can get. B．People should always study math before going to bed instead. C．Adults aged 18 to 40 are better at learning difficult math than other age groups. D．Sleep is important in helping the brain remember not only words but also numbers. 2．Which picture best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．This study. B．Sleep. C．Word learning. D．Previous research. 4．Where can we read this article? A．In a story book. B．In a travel guide. C．In a science magazine. D．In an encyclopedia. Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the first article mainly talk about? A．A famous French mime artist. B．The history of mime performance. C．How to become a mime artist. D．The popularity of mime in different countries. 2．What is special about Philippe Bizot’s mime performances? A．He uses a lot of props and costumes. B．He talks and sings during his performances. C．He has won many awards for his performances. D．He only uses his body, gestures, and facial expressions. 3．How are whales and dolphins similar, according to the second article? A．They can both breathe under water. B．They both need to come up to the surface to breathe. C．They are both very large animals. D．They can both communicate through speech. 4．Which animals are described as “loving the sea” in the second article? A．Seals. B．Otters. C．Both seals and otters. D．Neither seals nor otters. Do you often dream at night? How do you feel when you dream? Is it useful to our health? “Dreams may be more important than sleep, and we all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? People have several dreams each night. Scientists explain that during sleeping time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. For example, what has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. In fact, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 1．What can we infer when dreams come to somebody again and again? A．The dreams are very sweet to him. B．He often gets worries from the dream. C．Something painful happens in the daytime. D．Happy memories connect things together in his mind. 2．According to the last paragraph, we know dreams can ________ sometimes. A．help us get new ideas B．make us lazier C．have us study harder D．wake us up easily 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the passage? A．Weather. B．Health. C．History. D．Sport. Encyclopedia Britannica used to be the king of encyclopedias. It hopes to become the most important encyclopedia again. An encyclopedia has information about many different things. It includes articles on topics like animals, science, and many people were willing to buy them. They thought Britannica was the best encyclopedia. Britannica began in Scotland nearly 250 years ago. It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100, 000 sets of books. It was Britannica’s best year. Book sales dropped after that. People stopped getting information only from books. They began getting it online as well. A few years ago, the company stopped publishing the books. It put the whole encyclopedia on the Internet, However, Britannica online is not as popular as some other online encyclopedias. About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopedias are free. In addition, other online encyclopedias have millions of articles while Britannica has only 106, 000. However, Britannica’s articles are more trustworthy. The experts make sure the articles are correct. Britannica covers most of the same general subjects as other online encyclopedias, but finding its articles can be more difficult. The Britannica page also has many ads. The ads help support the company. 1．When did people start to become less interested in Encyclopedia Britannica books? A．In 1935. B．In 1990. C．In 1991. D．In 2002. 2．Why is online Britannica less popular than other online encyclopedias? A．Other online encyclopedias are more trustworthy. B．The readers can read more free articles in other online encyclopedias. C．There aren’t any ads in other online encyclopedias. D．Other online encyclopedias cover most of the subjects of Britannica. 3．Why does the Britannica page have ads? A．To make money for the company. B．To make it more user-friendly. C．To make its website popular. D．To help other companies earn money. Imagine the situation: in a cold and dark night, you are driving alone on a mountain, and you have no idea where you are. Suddenly your car breaks down and you have no mobile phone. What should you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This device (装置) may be able to help you. It uses satellites to find the users’ position. It can find your position within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. The GPS is a small radio receiver (无线电接收机). It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. In this way, we can take it with ourselves everywhere. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you can know where you are. For example, they can tell you the name of a street in a city. With the help of GPS, you are able to find your way in different places and don’t be afraid of getting lost. In addition, it provides services even in bad weather. There are three parts of the GPS. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand or fix it into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting (绕……轨道运行) the Earth. The third part is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world and can control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile phones. The devices will become cheaper and better. There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps one day they will become something like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 1．According to the passage, what can we do with the help of the GPS? A．We can call for help. B．We can start our cars faster. C．We can find out where we are. D．We can stop our cars from breaking down. 2．What is true about the GPS? A．It’s a new kind of mobile phone. B．It can’t be put in a boat or a plane. C．All GPS devices have electronic maps. D．We can hold the receiver of it in our hands. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Systems. B．Ground stations. C．Satellites. D．Receivers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The shape of the GPS. B．The receiver of the GPS. C．The three parts of the GPS. D．The introduction of the GPS. 重难语篇提升练 Scientists say climate (气候) change has something to do with American birds. A study found that 52 of the most common kinds of birds in the USA have become smaller in size in the past 38 years. This change in size follows a rule called Bergmann’s Rule. The rule says that animals in colder areas are usually larger than those in warmer areas. That’s because larger animals are able to keep warmer. As the climate changes, especially facing rising temperatures, ________. Some of them become smaller in size. Scientists studied over 70,000 kinds of birds. They found that some birds in North America were becoming smaller in size. Studies on fish also show the identical thing. Fish become smaller in size too. What does this mean? First, climate change is happening faster than ever before, so animals may not be able to change fast enough. Besides, when an animal becomes smaller, other things will change. When an animal’s body becomes smaller, it may not be able to produce as many little baby animals as before— this may change the number of the population. This shows the bigger problem with climate change— people are not able to know ahead (预先) what will happen when the earth’s temperature keeps rising, and that is the real danger. 1．How many kinds of American birds became smaller in size in the past 38 years? A．38. B．52. C．700. D．70,000. 2．Which of the following can be put in“________ ” in Paragraph 3? A．animals now have to make changes B．animals won’t feel cold C．animals don’t need to move in winter D．animals are in danger 3．What does the underlined word “identical” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Famous. B．New. C．Same. D．Wonderful. 4．What will happen if the body of an animal gets smaller? A．It will move to cold areas. B．It will have a smaller population. C．It will be difficult for it to live. D．It will become smaller and smaller. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Kinds of American Birds B．Protect Birds in the World C．Birds Study in the USA D．Danger of Climate Change An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$