摘要:
该初中英语单元词汇笔记全面梳理了北师大版八上Unit 4 "Role Models"的同步词汇内容,涵盖74个核心单词及短语,包含名词、动词、形容词等词性及固定搭配,为学生搭建了从"词汇基础认知"到"派生词拓展"再到"考点应用"的递进式学习支架。
清单采用"基础词汇+派生词拓展+核心考点+语境例句"的四维结构呈现知识体系,如"admire"一词不仅列出派生词"admiration",还明确核心考点"admire sb for sth",并搭配"We all admire him for his selfless help to others"的生活实例,培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别设计了"短语专项标注"和"考点用法提示",如将"stick to"单独列为短语并标注"坚持原则、计划"的用法,不同层次学生可按需重点学习,教师可直接利用考点和例句设计课堂练习,提升教学效率。
内容正文:
北师大版八上Unit 4 Role Models.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
role model 楷模,行为榜样
N/A(短语)
a role model for sb(某人的楷模)
Her mother, a doctor, is a role model for her.(她的医生妈妈是她的楷模。)
2
soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 军人,士兵
soldierly adj. 军人的;英勇的
1. a soldier(一名士兵)2. join the army(参军,army 搭配)
He dreams of becoming a soldier to protect the country.(他梦想成为一名士兵保卫国家。)
3
admire /ədˈmaɪə/ vt. 钦佩,仰慕;欣赏
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏
admire sb for sth(因某事钦佩某人)
We all admire him for his selfless help to others.(我们都因他无私帮助他人而钦佩他。)
4
in one way or another 不管怎样,不管以何种方式
N/A(短语)
用于句中或句末,表“无论用什么方法”
He will finish the difficult task in one way or another.(不管怎样,他都会完成这项艰巨的任务。)
5
army /ˈɑːmi/ n. 陆上作战军队,陆军部队
N/A
1. join the army(参军)2. the Chinese People's Liberation Army(中国人民解放军)
His grandfather joined the army when he was 18.(他爷爷18岁时参了军。)
6
selfless /ˈselfləs/ adj. 无私的
selflessness n. 无私;selfish adj. 自私的(反义词)
a selfless person(一个无私的人)
The selfless teacher often stays after school to help students.(这位无私的老师经常放学后留下来帮学生。)
7
all over 到处,处处
N/A(短语)
1. all over the world(全世界)2. all over the park(公园里到处)
There are beautiful flowers all over the garden.(花园里到处都是漂亮的花。)
8
X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X射线,X光;X光照片
N/A
take an X-ray(拍X光片)
The doctor asked him to take an X-ray of his chest.(医生让他拍一张胸部X光片。)
9
bridge /brɪdʒ/ n. 桥
bridge v. 架桥;bridgemaker n. 造桥者
1. cross the bridge(过桥)2. build a bridge(建桥)
We cross the small bridge to go to school every day.(我们每天过桥去上学。)
10
iron /ˈaɪən/ n. 铁;adj. 铁制的
iron v. 熨烫;ironing n. 熨烫
1. a piece of iron(一块铁)2. an iron box(铁盒子)
The old key is made of iron.(这把旧钥匙是铁做的。)
11
chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链子,链条
chain v. 用链子拴住
1. a metal chain(金属链)2. a chain of mountains(山脉)
The dog was tied to the tree with a long chain.(狗被一条长链子拴在树上。)
12
wooden /ˈwʊdn/ adj. 木制的,木头的
wood n. 木头;woodenly adv. 呆板地
1. a wooden table(木桌)2. wooden chairs(木椅)
There is a small wooden house in the forest.(森林里有一座小木屋。)
13
board /bɔːd/ n. 板,木板;甲板
board v. 登机;上船
1. a wooden board(木板)2. on board(在飞机/船上)
He cut the wooden board into two pieces with a saw.(他用锯子把木板锯成了两块。)
14
knee /niː/ n. 膝,膝盖
knee v. 跪下;kneel v. 跪下(过去式 knelt)
1. on one's knees(跪下)2. hurt one's knee(伤到膝盖)
She fell down and hurt her knee badly.(她摔倒了,膝盖伤得很重。)
15
boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ adj. 沸腾的;炽热的
boil v. 沸腾;boiler n. 锅炉
1. boiling water(沸水)2. boiling weather(酷热的天气)
Be careful! The boiling water will burn you.(小心!沸水会烫伤你。)
16
publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ vt. 出版,发行;发表,刊登
publisher n. 出版商;publication n. 出版
1. publish a book(出版一本书)2. publish an article(发表文章)
The publishing house will publish his new novel next month.(出版社下个月将出版他的新小说。)
17
enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人;仇敌
enemies(复数);enmity n. 敌意
1. an enemy(一个敌人)2. fight against the enemy(对抗敌人)
During the war, they fought bravely against the enemy.(战争期间,他们勇敢地对抗敌人。)
18
arrive /əˈraɪv/ vi. 到达,抵达
arrival n. 到达
1. arrive in + 大地方(到达……)2. arrive at + 小地方(到达……)
We arrived in Beijing at 9 o'clock last night.(我们昨晚9点到达北京。)
19
one by one 逐个地;逐一地
N/A(短语)
用于描述“依次、逐个”的动作
The students handed in their homework one by one.(学生们逐个交了作业。)
20
offer /ˈɒfə/ vt. 主动提出,主动分担;提供;供应
offer n. 提议;offerer n. 提供者
1. offer to do sth(主动提出做某事)2. offer sth to sb(给某人提供某物)
She offered to help me carry the heavy box.(她主动提出帮我搬重箱子。)
21
fire /ˈfaɪə/ vt. & vi. 射击,开火;n. 火
fireman n. 消防员;fireworks n. 烟花
1. set fire to sth(放火焚烧某物)2. fire a gun(开枪)3. put out the fire(灭火)
The soldier fired three shots into the air.(士兵朝空中开了三枪。)
22
bridgehead /ˈbrɪdʒhed/ n. 桥头堡
N/A(军事术语,了解即可)
a bridgehead(一个桥头堡)
The troops successfully captured the enemy's bridgehead.(部队成功攻占了敌人的桥头堡。)
23
shoot /ʃuːt/ vt. & vi. 开(枪/武器),射击;发射
shot n. 射击;子弹(过去式/过去分词 shot)
1. shoot at sth(向……射击)2. shoot a photo(拍照,口语)
He shot at the target but missed it.(他朝靶子射击,但没射中。)
24
gun /ɡʌn/ n. 枪;炮
gunman n. 持枪歹徒
1. a hand gun(手枪)2. carry a gun(携带枪支)
It's illegal for ordinary people to carry a gun in China.(在中国,普通人持枪是违法的。)
25
machine gun 机关枪,机枪
N/A(短语)
carry a machine gun(扛机关枪)
The soldier carried a heavy machine gun on his back.(士兵背上扛着一挺重机关枪。)
26
drop /drɒp/ vt. & vi. 落下,掉下;放弃
drop n. 滴;降落
1. drop sth on the ground(把某物掉在地上)2. drop off(放下某人;打盹)
She dropped her phone while walking.(她走路时把手机掉了。)
27
fight /faɪt/ vt. & vi. 打仗,战斗;搏斗,打架
fight n. 战斗;fighter n. 战士(过去式/过去分词 fought)
1. fight for sth(为……而战)2. fight against sb/sth(对抗……)
They fought for freedom and justice.(他们为自由和正义而战。)
28
human being 人;人类
N/A(短语,区别于 animal)
1. human beings(人类,复数)2. a human being(一个人)
All human beings need clean air and water to live.(所有人类都需要清洁的空气和水来生存。)
29
god /ɡɒd/ n. 神;上帝(首字母大写 God)
godlike adj. 神圣的;似神的
1. a Greek god(希腊神)2. believe in God(信仰上帝)
In ancient myths, Zeus was the king of the gods.(在古代神话中,宙斯是众神之王。)
30
at last 终于,最终
N/A(短语,同义于 finally)
用于句首或句末,表“经过努力后”
At last, they climbed to the top of the mountain.(最终,他们爬上了山顶。)
31
tear /teə/ vt. 拉掉,撕掉;/tɪə/ n. 眼泪,泪水
tearing adj. 撕裂的;teary adj. 含泪的(过去式/过去分词 tore/torn)
1. tear sth up(撕碎某物)2. in tears(流泪;哭泣)
She tore up the old letter and threw it away.(她撕碎了旧信,扔了出去。)
32
replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ vt. 代替;(用……)替换
replacement n. 替代品
replace A with B(用B代替A)
We replaced the old sofa with a new one last week.(上周我们用新沙发替换了旧沙发。)
33
itself /ɪtˈself/ pron. 它自己
N/A(反身代词,主语为 it)
1. by itself(独自地)2. enjoy itself(自得其乐)
The robot can work by itself without human control.(这个机器人不用人控制就能独自工作。)
34
ourselves /aʊəˈselvz/ pron. 我们自己
N/A(反身代词,主语为 we)
1. by ourselves(独自地)2. hurt ourselves(伤到我们自己)
We finished the group project by ourselves.(我们独自完成了小组项目。)
35
stick /stɪk/ vt. & vi. 粘贴,粘住;卡住
stuck adj. 卡住的;stick n. 棍子(过去式/过去分词 stuck)
1. stick to sth(坚持某事,如原则、计划)2. stick sth on sth(把某物粘在某物上)
He stuck to his decision even though others disagreed.(尽管别人反对,他还是坚持自己的决定。)
36
stick to 坚持(原则、计划、承诺等)
N/A(短语)
stick to one's word(信守诺言)
You should stick to your promise and help her.(你应该信守诺言,帮助她。)
37
voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的
volunteer n. 志愿者;v. 志愿
1. voluntary work(志愿工作)2. voluntary service(志愿服务)
She does voluntary work in the community hospital every weekend.(她每周在社区医院做志愿工作。)
38
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 人品,素质;质量,品质
quality adj. 优质的;qualitative adj. 定性的
1. personal qualities(个人素质,如诚实、勤奋)2. good quality(好质量)
Honesty and kindness are important personal qualities.(诚实和善良是重要的个人素质。)
39
cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
cheer v. 欢呼;cheerfully adv. 快乐地
a cheerful person(一个乐观开朗的人)
She is always cheerful, even when she faces difficulties.(即使遇到困难,她也总是很开朗。)
40
hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 工作努力的,辛勤的
N/A(合成词)
a hard-working student(一个勤奋的学生)
The hard-working boy always gets good grades.(这个勤奋的男孩总是取得好成绩。)
41
organised /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的,有效率的;有组织的
organise v. 组织;organisation n. 组织(美式 organized)
an organised person(一个有条理的人)
Her desk is always tidy—she's very organised.(她的桌子总是很整洁,她是个很有条理的人。)
42
focused /ˈfəʊkəst/ adj. 注意力集中的;目标明确的
focus v. 集中(注意力);focus n. 焦点
be focused on sth(专注于某事)
He is focused on his study and doesn't notice the noise.(他专注于学习,没注意到噪音。)
43
pick /pɪk/ vt. 选择,挑选;采,摘
picker n. 采摘者;picking n. 采摘
1. pick up(拿起;接某人;捡起)2. pick sth out(挑选出某物)
I will pick you up at the school gate after class.(课后我会去校门口接你。)
44
pick up 拿起,提起;接人;捡起
N/A(短语)
pick up a book(拿起一本书);pick up litter(捡垃圾)
She picked up the fallen leaves in the park.(她在公园里捡落叶。)
45
hike /haɪk/ vt. & vi. 去远足,徒步旅行;n. 远足
hiker n. 徒步旅行者;hiking n. 徒步旅行
1. go hiking(去远足)2. a two-day hike(两天的徒步旅行)
We usually go hiking in the mountains on weekends.(我们周末通常去山里远足。)
46
advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 劝告,忠告,建议,意见
advise v. 建议(不可数名词,无复数)
1. give sb advice(给某人提建议)2. take/follow advice(接受/听从建议)
My teacher gave me some useful advice on learning English.(老师给了我一些学英语的实用建议。)
47
wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮,车轮,轮子
wheel v. 转动轮子;wheelchair n. 轮椅
1. a car wheel(汽车轮子)2. on wheels(装在轮子上的)
The bike has a flat wheel—we need to fix it.(自行车轮子瘪了,我们得修一下。)
48
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的,基础的
base n. 基础;basically adv. 基本上
1. basic knowledge(基础知识)2. basic skills(基本技能)
You need to learn basic grammar before speaking English.(说英语前,你需要学基础语法。)
49
healthcare /ˈhelθkeə/ n. 医疗(服务)
N/A(合成词:health + care)
1. healthcare system(医疗体系)2. basic healthcare(基础医疗服务)
The country is improving its healthcare system to help more people.(该国正在完善医疗体系,帮助更多人。)
50
medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的,医疗的
medicine n. 药;medically adv. 医学上
1. medical workers(医护人员)2. medical treatment(医疗治疗)
Medical workers worked day and night during the epidemic.(疫情期间,医护人员日夜工作。)
51
struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ vi. 奋斗,努力,争取;斗争,抗争
struggle n. 奋斗;挣扎
1. struggle for sth(为……奋斗)2. struggle with sth(与……斗争,如困难)
She struggled for many years to become a doctor.(她奋斗了很多年,终于成为一名医生。)
52
painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 令人痛苦的;令人疼痛的
pain n. 痛苦;painfully adv. 痛苦地
1. a painful injury(疼痛的伤口)2. a painful memory(痛苦的回忆)
The painful wound made it hard for him to walk.(疼痛的伤口让他难以走路。)
53
faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ/ adj. 遥远的
N/A(合成词:far + away)
a faraway village/country(遥远的村庄/国家)
His grandparents live in a faraway village in the north.(他的祖父母住在北方一个遥远的村庄。)
54
graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业;毕业典礼
graduate v. 毕业;graduate n. 毕业生
1. graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)2. after graduation(毕业后)
We will have our graduation ceremony next month.(我们下个月要举行毕业典礼。)
55
workplace /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/ n. 工作场所
N/A(合成词:work + place)
1. a safe workplace(安全的工作场所)2. clean the workplace(打扫工作场所)
All employees should keep the workplace clean.(所有员工都应保持工作场所整洁。)
56
provide /prəˈvaɪd/ vt. 提供;供应;给予
provision n. 供应;providing conj. 如果
1. provide sth for sb(给某人提供某物)2. provide sb with sth(给某人提供某物)
The school provides free books for all students.(学校为所有学生提供免费课本。)
57
area /ˈeəriə/ n. 地区,地域;面积;部位
N/A
1. rural area(农村地区)2. urban area(城市地区)3. the area of a room(房间面积)
Most of the population lives in urban areas.(大部分人口住在城市地区。)
58
van /væn/ n. 客货车,厢式送货车
N/A
a delivery van(送货车)
The company uses a van to deliver goods to customers.(公司用客货车给客户送货。)
59
solar /ˈsəʊlə/ adj. 太阳能的,太阳的
solar energy n. 太阳能(固定短语)
1. solar energy(太阳能)2. solar panels(太阳能电池板)
Many houses in this area use solar energy to heat water.(这个地区很多房子用太阳能烧水。)
60
system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;制度,体系
systematic adj. 系统的;systematically adv. 系统地
1. computer system(计算机系统)2. education system(教育体系)
The computer system crashed because of a virus.(计算机系统因病毒崩溃了。)
61
possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的,能做到的
possibly adv. 可能地;impossible adj. 不可能的(反义词)
1. It is possible to do sth(做某事是可能的)2. as soon as possible(尽快)
It is possible to finish the work in two hours.(两小时内完成这项工作是可能的。)
62
task /tɑːsk/ n. 任务,工作;活动
task v. 派给任务;taskwork n. 计件工作
1. finish a task(完成任务)2. a difficult task(艰巨的任务)
The teacher gave us a task to write a short story.(老师给我们布置了写短篇故事的任务。)
63
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ vt. 完成,结束;adj. 全部的,完整的
completely adv. 完全地;completion n. 完成
1. complete a project(完成项目)2. a complete set of books(一整套书)
She completed her homework before watching TV.(她看完电视前完成了作业。)
64
what's more 更有甚者,更为重要的是
N/A(短语,表递进)
用于句首,引出更重要的内容
He is good at math. What's more, he plays the piano well.(他数学好,更重要的是,他钢琴弹得也好。)
65
updated /ʌpˈdeɪtɪd/ adj. 更新的,最新的
update v. 更新;update n. 更新
updated information/news(最新信息/新闻)
We need to get updated news about the event.(我们需要获取关于这件事的最新新闻。)
66
knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识,学问,学识
knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的
1. gain knowledge(获取知识)2. knowledge of sth(……方面的知识)
We gain knowledge not only from books but also from life.(我们不仅从书中,还从生活中获取知识。)
67
cheer /tʃɪə/ vt. & vi. 欢呼,喝彩,加油;鼓励,鼓舞
cheer n. 欢呼;cheerful adj. 快乐的
1. cheer for sb/sth(为……欢呼/加油)2. cheer sb up(使某人振奋起来)
We cheered for our team when they scored a goal.(我们队进球时,我们为他们欢呼。)
68
cheer up (使)变得更高兴,振奋起来
N/A(短语)
cheer sb up(使某人开心起来)
His funny jokes cheered me up when I was sad.(我难过时,他的笑话让我开心起来。)
69
fail /feɪl/ vt. & vi. 不及格;失败,未能(做到)
failure n. 失败;failed adj. 失败的
1. fail an exam(考试不及格)2. fail to do sth(未能做某事)
He failed the English exam because he didn't study hard.(他英语考试不及格,因为他没努力学。)
70
glad /ɡlæd/ adj. 高兴,愉快
gladly adv. 高兴地;gladness n. 高兴
1. be glad to do sth(高兴做某事)2. be glad about sth(为某事高兴)
I am glad to meet you at the party.(很高兴在派对上见到你。)
71
founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ n. 创立,创建
found v. 创立;founder n. 创始人
the founding of sth(……的创立)
The founding of the school dates back to 1920.(这所学校创立于1920年。)
72
rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ n. 火箭
rocket v. 快速上升;rocket scientist n. 火箭科学家
1. launch a rocket(发射火箭)2. a space rocket(太空火箭)
China successfully launched a new rocket last month.(中国上个月成功发射了一枚新火箭。)
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war /wɔː/ n. 战争
wartime n. 战时;warlike adj. 好战的
1. during the war(战争期间)2. end the war(结束战争)
Many people lost their homes during the war.(战争期间,很多人失去了家园。)
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market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ n. 集市,市场,商场
market v. 推销;marketplace n. 市场
1. go to the market(去集市)2. a food market(食品市场)
My mother buys fresh vegetables at the market every morning.(我妈妈每天早上在集市买新鲜蔬菜。)
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