Unit 2 Understanding ideas P20-24课件2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“分享”主题，通过阅读《自私的巨人》理解其重要性，同步学习现在完成时。课堂导入从图片观察提问“花园中有什么”和故事背景讨论切入，以故事结构分析（开端、发展、高潮、结局）、细节问题链及填空练习为支架，逐步过渡到语法规则总结。 其亮点在于故事与语法深度融合，通过任务型活动提升语言能力与思维品质。如阅读后用现在完成时讨论分享经历（Activity 4），结合for/since时间状语；分析巨人转变原因（Activity 6）培养推断能力。学生在真实语境中掌握语法，增强分享意识，教师可借助清晰结构与可操作活动提升教学效率。

Getting along Understanding ideas P20-24 Unit 2 Learning Objectives In this class, you will summarise the grammar rules of the present perfect tense. read a passage and then better understand the importance of sharing. work in pairs and discuss your experience of sharing. Reading Look and answer. Lead-in What can you see in the picture? In the picture, I can see a giant and some children playing in a beautiful garden. Look and answer. “The Selfish Giant” is a classic fairy tale written by Oscar Wilde. It tells the story of a giant who has a beautiful garden. When the giant returns from a long journey, he finds children playing in his garden... 1. What do you know about “The Selfish Giant”? 2. What will happen next? 自私的巨人 Activity 2 Activity 2 Read for structure. Part 1 (Para. 1): Part 2 (Paras. 2-5): Part 3 (Paras. 6-7): Part 4 (Para. 8): Beginning Rising action Climax Ending Activity 3 Read for details. 1 Every afternoon, the children play in the Giant’s garden. It is a large garden with soft, green grass. Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. Beginning 每天下午，孩子们都在巨人的花园里玩耍。 这是一个很大的花园， 草地柔软，绿草如茵。 草地上到处都开着美丽的花朵， 像星星一样。 2. What is the Giant’s garden like? 1. Whose garden is this? It’s the Giant’s. It is a large garden with soft, green grass and there are many beautiful flowers, like stars. Activity 3 Read for details. 2 The Giant has been away for a long time. One day, he comes back and sees the children in his garden. “What are you doing here?" he shouts in a very angry voice. 3 The children run away. The Giant closes the gate and builds a high wall around the garden. Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there. Rising action 巨人已经离开很长时间了。 一天，他回来了， 看到孩子们在他的花园里。 “你们在这里干什么？”他大喊道, 用非常生气的声音。 孩子们都跑开了。 巨人关上了大门，并在花园周围筑起了高墙。 从那以后，他再也没有在花园里看到过孩子。 2. What does the Giant do to his garden? 1. Why is the Giant angry? Because he sees the children in his garden. He closes the gate and builds a high wall around the garden. Activity 3 Read for details. 4 Then spring comes. But in the Giant’s garden, it is still winter. There are no birds or flowers. “I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year,” says the Giant. “I hope the weather changes soon.” 5 But spring never comes, nor summer. Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. But it gives none to the Giant’s garden. Rising action 然后春天来了。 但在巨人的花园里，仍然是冬天。 没有鸟，也没有花。 “我不明白为什么自从去年以后春天就没有来，”巨人说。 “我希望天气能快点改变。” 但是春天没有来，夏天也没有来。 秋天给其他花园带来了金色的果实。 但它没有给巨人的花园任何东西。 3. What happens to the Giant’s garden? It is still winter in the garden. There are no birds or flowers. Activity 3 Read for details. 6 One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing. “I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. I believe spring has come at last.” The Giant jumps out of bed and looks outside. Climax 1. What does the Giant hear? 一天早晨，巨人突然听到鸟儿在唱歌。 “我有一段时间没有听到 这么美妙的鸟鸣了。我相信春天终于来了。” 巨人从床上跳起来，向外看。 He hears birds singing. 2. What does the Giant do? He jumps out of bed and looks outside. Activity 3 Read for details. 7 The Giant sees a hole in the wall. Also, there is a little child in every tree. And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. The birds fly about and sing with joy. “How selfish I’ve been!” he says. “Now I know why spring wouldn’t come here.” Climax 3. What does the Giant see? 巨人看到墙上有一个洞。 而且，每棵树上都有一个小孩。 树木很高兴，它们浑身都开满了花。 鸟儿飞来飞去，快乐地唱歌。 “我多么自私啊！”他说。 “现在我明白为什么春天没有来了。” He sees a hole in the wall, the children in the trees and the birds flying about and singing with joy. Activity 3 Read for details. 8 He knocks down the wall. The children look afraid. “Fear not, little ones,” the Giant says. “It’s your garden now.” Ending 1. What does the Giant do? He knocks down the wall and tells the children the garden is theirs. 他推倒了墙。 孩子们看起来很害怕。 “不要害怕，小家伙们，” 巨人说。“现在这是你们的花园了。” 2. How does the Giant feel? He feels happy again. He is glad to share the garden with the children. Activity 4 Read and complete. Complete the reading chart with the words and expressions from the passage. The selfish giant Beginning The Giant has a large 1______ and the children 2______ in it every afternoon. Rising action The Giant finds the children in his garden. He shouts at them in a very 3______ voice. These children run away. Since then, 4______ has not come to his garden. Ending The Giant 7__________ the wall and tells 8____________ the garden is theirs. Climax One morning, the Giant hears birds singing. He jumps out of bed and 5_____________. The children have returned, and the garden is lively again. He thinks he has been 6_______. garden play angry spring looks outside selfish knocks down the children Activity 5 Read and choose. Choose the message of the passage. a. Never make friends with selfish people. b. Anger leads to unhappiness. c. Shared joy is a double joy. The Giant shouts at the children in a very angry voice. They run away form the garden. Since then, spring has not come to his garden. The children return, and the garden is lively again. The Giant knocks down the wall and share his garden with the children. 永远不要和自私的人做朋友。 愤怒会导致不快乐。 分享快乐，快乐加倍。 √ Activity 6 Think and share. 1. Why doesn’t spring come to the Giant’s garden? Spring doesn’t come to the Giant’s garden because he is selfish. He builds a high wall around the garden, not allowing the children to play in the garden. Since then, the garden remains in winter, with no birds or flowers. 2. Why do you think the Giant changes his mind? The Giant changes his mind because he hears the beautiful birdsong. When he looks outside, he sees the children in the trees and the trees covered with flowers, and the birds singing joyfully. This makes him realize how selfish he has been. He decides to let the children back into the garden and brings back the beauty and warmth of spring. Activity 6 Think and share. 3. Do you know a story with a similar message, either from a book or from your own life? Share it with the class. The story of “Kong Rong giving out pears" is about sharing. Young Kong Rong picked the smallest pear and gave the bigger ones to his brothers. His family praised him for being kind. This teaches us that sharing is a way to show love and care for others. Learning to think It’s important to compare different stories before forming your understanding. Grammar Lead-in Read the sentences and pay attention to the red parts. 1. I have had the dog for three months now. 这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。 2. We have played football for a year now. 我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。 3. I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 4. I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year. 自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词 Find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. Lead-in 1. The Giant has been away for a long time. 巨人已经离开很长时间了。 2. Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there. 从那以后，他再也没有在花园里看到过孩子。 3. I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year. 我不明白为什么自从去年以后春天就没有来。 4. I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. 我有一段时间没有听到这么美妙的鸟鸣声了。 Activity 1 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 意义 现在完成时也可以表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，将来有可能继续。 现在 过去 将来 例句：I have lived in this city for 3 years. 我已经在这个城市生活3年了。 (我三年前就住在这个城市，一直住到现在，将来可能还会继续住在这里。) Activity 1 构成 1. I have had the dog for three months now. 2. We have played football for a year now. 3. The Giant has been away for a long time. 4. I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year. Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 have与has的选择: 主语为单数第三人称时选择has，主语为非单数第三人称选择have Activity 1 过去分词 变化规律 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 一般情况在动词后+ed 例如: help--helped 以不发音的e结尾，在动词后+d 例如: invite--invited 以“辅音+y”结尾，改y为i+ ed 例如: cry--cried 重读闭音节或以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的词，双写动词最后一个字母再+ed 例如: plan--planned 规则变化 Activity 1 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 不规则变化 原型 过去式 过去分词 be do eat go see was/were did ate went saw been done eaten gone seen 原型 过去式 过去分词 find have make let put found had made let put found had made let put Activity 1 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 句型 肯定句 例句： ① We have travelled around the world. ② He has been to Los Angeles. 主语+have/has+done+其他 否定句 例句： ① We haven’t travelled around the world. ② He hasn’t been to Los Angeles. 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+done+其他 haven’t=have not hasn’t=has not Activity 1 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 一般疑问句 例句：① Have you travelled around the world? ② Has he been to Los Angeles? Have/has+主语+done+其他? 回答 肯定回答: Yes, 主语对应的代词+ have/has. 否定回答: No, 主语对应的代词+ haven't/ hasn't. 例句：① -Have you travelled around the world? -Yes, we have. /No, we haven't. ② -Has he been to Los Angeles? -Yes, he has. /No, he hasn't. Activity 1 搭配的 时间状语 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 现在完成时在表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。 for后接一段时间 例句： ① I have had the dog for three months now. 这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。 ② We have played football for a year now. 我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。 Activity 1 搭配的 时间状语 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 现在完成时在表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。 since后多接时间点 例句： ① I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 ② I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year. 我不明白为什么自从去年以后春天就没有来。 Activity 1 搭配的 时间状语 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 现在完成时在表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。 对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long 例句： ① We have played football for a year. How long have you played football? ② I have been like this since Friday. How long have you been like this? Activity 1 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 在现在完成时与since或for连用时，肯定句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词，而不能用非延续性动词。 延续性动词: 表示动作和状态可以持续一段时间的动词，例如: work, study, live, rain, sleep, keep等。 非延续性动词或终止性动词: 动作在瞬间完成或结束，无法持续一段时间的动词，例如: die, arrive, open, start, borrow等。 例句：He has kept that book for a week. 他已经借那本书一周了。 例句：He has just borrowed that book. 他刚刚借了那本书。 Activity 1 时态的 选择 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 (2) 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需要使用不同的时态。 例句： ① I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。 ② I have stayed in the hotel for a week now. 迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。 ③ I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。 （去年夏天的事情，故用一般过去时） （到现在为止已经住了一周，故用现在完成时） （下个月的事情，故用一般将来时） Activity 2 Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. We have been a team ______ a year. 2. We have been a team ______ last year. 3. I haven’t called my mum ______ last Friday. 4. They haven’t seen each other ______ a year. 5. He has stayed in Sanya ______ a week. 6. May hasn’t had a good rest ______ she left school. 7. It has rained ______ the start of August. 8. We have been friends ______ Grade 3. 9. They have been together ______ three years. 10. ______ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments. for since since for for since since since for Since Activity 3 Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets. Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. But Jimmy Teng, or “Uncle Jimmy”, does things differently. The 74-year-old has sold ice creams 1_____ the past 17 years in Singapore. Every year, on 22 March - his birthday - he 2______ (offer) free ice creams. He has done this 3_____ his 70th birthday. This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. “People 4__________ (be) quite stressed recently and I want to help,” he said. “Sharing has made me feel happy 5_____ the past four years." He 6_______ (enjoy) talking with his customers. Many of them have become his friends 7_____ they first met. Some students helped him set up social media pages. He has made many friends online 8_____ then. Free ice creams, priceless gifts 23 March 2020 for offers since have been for enjoys since since What’s the passage about? Uncle Jimmy, a 74-year-old ice cream seller in Singapore, gives away free ice creams on his birthday to make people happy and help them feel less stressed. He enjoys talking to his customers and has made many friends, including some online. Activity 4 Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Experience of sharing When did it happen? What happened? How did you feel about it? What have you learnt from it? Last year. My classmate Lin Mei forgot to bring her lunch. She was hungry and sad. We shared food with her. I felt happy. Sharing really brings us closer as friends. Activity 4 Use the words from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Useful expressions I have shared... with... for/since... One day, ... Sharing really brings... How does sharing make you feel? Sharing has allowed/shown/taught me... It makes me feel... A: When did it happen? B: It happened last year. It was our school trip to City Park. A: What happened? B: My classmate Lin Mei forgot to bring her lunch. She was hungry and sad. A: That’s really bad. Who helped her? B: I shared my fried rice with her. Two other classmates shared their fruit and milk with her. A: You’re really kind. How did you feel? B: It made me feel happy. A: What have you learned from it? B: Sharing really brings us closer as friends. Since then I’ve also shared many things with other friends. A: That’s very nice.   Activity 4 Checklist 1 学生能够讲述一次与分享有关的经历。 2 学生能够描述在这次经历中的感受。 3 学生能够描述在这次经历中得到的启示。 4 学生能够尽可能多地使用本板块的核心词汇和学生用书Useful expressions中的表达。 5 学生能够正确使用现在完成时。 Language points 1. Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 草地上到处都是漂亮的花朵，像星星一样散落其中。 here and there 意为“到处; 各处; 零散地”。 例如: ① She left her toys here and there. 她把玩具丢得四处都是。 ② After the party, there were empty bottles and plates here and there. 晚会结束后，到处都是空瓶子和空盘子。 2. Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 草地上到处都是漂亮的花朵，像星星一样散落其中。 英语中为了强调句子的某个成分或者保持句子的平衡，有时会把状语和谓语全部放在主语前面。 例如: ① Under the tree sat an old man. 一位老人坐在树下。 ② On the bed lies a child. 床上躺着一个孩子。 主语 谓语 状语 3. I hope the weather changes soon. 希望天气能尽快变好。 hope意为“希望，期望，指望”。 结构：① hope + that 从句(that可省略) ② hope + to do sth. 例如: ① She hopes (that) her son will become a doctor. 她希望她的儿子能成为一名医生。 ② I hope to visit Paris next year. 我希望明年能去巴黎。 4. But spring never comes, nor summer. 但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。 nor常用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况，意为“也不”。nor summer是省略句，完整的原句应该是nor does summer come。 例如: ① He doesn’t like coffee, nor does he like tea. 他不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。 ② She didn’t call him, nor did she send him an email. 她没有给他打电话，也没有给他发邮件。 5. I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. 我已经有段时间没听过如此美妙的鸟鸣了。 句中that作副词用，用于强调后面形容词beautiful的程度，意为 “那么”。 例如: ① She didn’t think the test would be that difficult. 她没想到这个测试会那么难。 ② The view from the top of the mountain is that beautiful. 从山顶上看风景是那么美。 6. And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 树木们很高兴，它们浑身都开满了花。 so... that... 意为“如此…… 以至于……”。 例如: ① He was so tired that he fell asleep very quickly. 他累得马上就睡着了。 ② She sang so well that everyone knew her name. 她唱歌非常好听，家喻户晓。 7. The birds fly about and sing with joy. 鸟儿们四处飞翔，欢快地歌唱。 fly about 意为“四处飞翔”，其中about意为“到处”。 例如: ① The dogs run about in the park. 小狗们在公园里到处奔跑。 ② The children play about in the garden. 孩子们在花园里随意玩耍。 8. “Fear not, little ones,” the Giant says. “It’s your garden now.” “别怕，小家伙们。”巨人说,“这现在是你们的花园了。” 句中fear not相当于现代英语中的Don’t be afraid或Do not fear, 构成祈使句。这种“实义动词+not”的句型常出现在一些固定的，尤其是较古老的表达方式中。除fear之外，能直接与not连用的还有其他动词，如be，worry，doubt等。 例如: ① Be not afraid, I am with you. 别害怕，我和你在一起。 ② Worry not about the future, live in the present. 别为将来担心，活在当下。 Homework 1 2 记忆单词和短语并正确朗读课文。 运用本节课所学的词汇和表达，描述自己，家人或同学之间关于分享的经历。 Thank you! null 153369.23 null 50763.406 $$