精品解析：北京市海淀区2025-2026学年高三上学期开学入学定位考英语试题

2025—2026学年北京市新高三入学定位考试 英语 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What started as a typical Sunday shift for Manhattan Deming turned into a moment she’ll never forget. Deming was running around ___1___ tables when a couple she was serving began asking her about her life. Their conversation quickly turned heartfelt. Deming shared, “They asked me if I had goals and I said I’d love to be a nurse one day. That was my goal before I had my daughter… but I plan to go back to school when things get better.” After a/an ___2___ conversation, the couple handed Deming the receipt — what she saw next ___3___ her in her tracks. “It’s $ 2,000,” Deming recalled. “I ___4___ right there. I couldn’t hold it in. It means the world to me!” Deming has faced her ___5___ of challenges while balancing work and raising her 3-year-old daughter. From unstable cell service making it hard to check in on her child during work, to putting her nursing dreams on hold, things haven’t been easy. But this generous tip has given her a new shot at ___6___. “It’s going to help me with rent, bills, clothes for my daughter — just a cushion while I work toward school,” she said. “They’ve really ___7___ me… to begin achieving my goals and bettering my daughter and my life.” Before becoming a waitress, Deming worked as a Patient Care Technician at a local hospital, but had to leave due to ___8___ difficulties after her daughter was born. Now, thanks to this incredible gesture, she plans to return to school and ___9___ her dream of becoming a nurse. For Deming, the $ 2,000 tip is more than just money — it serves as a ____10____ that good things come to those who wait. 1. A. fixing B. waiting C. cleaning D. turning 2. A. warm B. tense C. awkward D. private 3. A. delayed B. lifted C. distracted D. stopped 4. A. fell down B. broke down C. calmed down D. lay down 5. A. fear B. kind C. share D. source 6. A. hope B. love C. peace D. freedom 7. A. trusted B. surprised C. inspired D. entertained 8. A. nursing B. budgeting C. learning D. scheduling 9. A. discover B. support C. pursue D. picture 10. A. clue B. lesson C. promise D. reminder 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述女服务员Deming工作时获顾客慷慨小费，重拾攻读护理专业、实现人生目标希望的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Deming正忙着为顾客提供餐桌服务（招待顾客）时，她正在服务的一对夫妇开始询问她的生活情况。A. fixing修理；B. waiting服务（顾客）；C. cleaning清洁；D. turning转动。根据前文“a typical Sunday shift”及后文“a couple she was serving”可知，Deming是服务员，“waiting tables”为固定搭配，指“为顾客提供餐桌服务”，符合语境。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一段温馨的交谈后，这对夫妇递给Deming账单——接下来她看到的东西让她愣在了原地。A. warm温馨的；B. tense紧张的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. private私人的。根据上文“Their conversation quickly turned heartfelt”可知，交谈氛围是积极的，“warm”（温馨的）符合语境。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一段温馨的交谈后，这对夫妇递给Deming账单——接下来她看到的东西让她愣在了原地。A. delayed推迟；B. lifted举起；C. distracted使分心；D. stopped停止。根据下文“It’s $ 2,000”可知，Deming看到2000美元小费的反应及“in her tracks”可知，这笔小费让她惊讶得“停住”了，“stopped her in her tracks”为常用表达，指“阻止某人的行为，让某人当场愣住”。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我当场就情绪失控了。A. fell down摔倒；B. broke down（情绪）崩溃、失控；C. calmed down冷静下来；D. lay down躺下。根据下文“I couldn’t hold it in.”可知，Deming因激动“情绪失控”，“broke down”符合语境。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Deming在平衡工作和抚养3岁女儿的过程中，也面临着自己的一系列挑战。A. fear恐惧；B. kind种类；C. share一份、一定量；D. source来源。根据后文列举的“unstable cell service”及“putting her nursing dreams on hold”等挑战可知，她有“自己的一份”挑战，“her share of challenges”为常用表达，指“某人应承受的那份挑战”。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这笔慷慨的小费给了她重获希望的机会。A. hope希望；B. love爱；C. peace和平；D. freedom自由。根据上文“I said I’d love to be a nurse one day. That was my goal before I had my daughter… but I plan to go back to school when things get better”可知，提到她搁置护理梦想、面临诸多困难，而这笔小费能帮她解决生活难题、为重返校园助力，因此给了她“希望”。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们真的激励了我……去开始实现我的目标，让我的女儿和我的生活变得更好。A. trusted信任；B. surprised使惊讶；C. inspired激励；D. entertained使快乐。根据下文“to begin achieving my goals”可知，这笔小费和顾客的举动“激励”了她，“inspired”符合语境。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在成为服务员之前，Deming曾在当地一家医院担任病人护理技师，但在女儿出生后，由于时间安排困难，她不得不离职。A. nursing护理；B. budgeting预算；C. learning学习；D. scheduling日程安排。根据上文“raising her 3-year-old daughter”及“had to leave”可知，女儿出生后她难以平衡工作与育儿，即“时间安排”困难，“scheduling difficulties”符合语境。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，多亏了这个不可思议的举动，她计划重返校园，追寻成为一名护士的梦想。A. discover发现；B. support支持；C. pursue追寻；D. picture想象。根据上文“my goal before I had my daughter… but I plan to go back to school”可知，成为护士是她的梦想，现在计划重返校园“追寻”梦想，“pursue one’s dream”为固定搭配，指“追寻某人的梦想”。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Deming来说，这2000美元的小费不仅仅是钱——它提醒着人们，好事多磨。A. clue线索；B. lesson教训；C. promise承诺；D. reminder提醒物、提示。根据下文“good things come to those who wait”可知，这笔小费是一种“提醒”，让她明白这个道理，“reminder”符合语境。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Wail Alselwi has turned his food counter into a hub of motivation. ___11___ (know) online as “Island Ock,” Alselwi launched a reward program for good grades in 2023, all to inspire a local 12-year-old named Zamier. He ___12___ (promise) the boy that if he improved his grades, he could choose anything he wanted from the store for free. By the end of the year, Zamier made the honor roll. Now, dozens of students ___13___ (regular) visit the food counter with their report cards. To Alselwi, ___14___ matters most is showing these kids that their hard work is seen and appreciated. 【答案】11. Known 12. promised 13. regularly 14. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了韦尔·阿尔塞尔维（Wail Alselwi）将自己的食品柜台打造成了一个激励中心。他在网上被称为“Island Ock”，2023年时，为了激励当地一名12岁男孩扎米尔（Zamier），推出了一项“优异成绩奖励计划”，他向扎米尔承诺，如果扎米尔能提高成绩，就可以从店里免费挑选任何想要的东西。到年底时，扎米尔成功进入了优等生名单。如今，已有数十名学生常会拿着成绩单来到这个食品柜台。对阿尔塞尔维而言，最重要的是让这些孩子知道，他们的努力会被看见、被认可。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在网上被称为“Island Ock”的阿尔塞尔维在2023年推出了一个奖励制度，旨在鼓励当地一位名叫扎米尔的12岁孩子取得好成绩。此处Alselwi与know构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Known。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：他向那个男孩承诺，如果他能提高学习成绩，他就可以从商店里免费挑选任何他想要的东西。根据后文“if he improved his grades”及语境，“承诺”这一动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故填promised。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在，经常有几十名学生拿着成绩单来到食品售卖台前。修饰动词visit用副词regularly，故填regularly。 【14题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：对于阿尔塞尔维来说，最重要的是向这些孩子表明，他们的努力得到了认可和赞赏。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故填what。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Since the “Year of Weight Management” launched three years ago, public awareness of weight control ____15____ (grow). This initiative frames weight management as a shared social responsibility. At the same time, it respects those who cannot or choose not to lose weight for medical reasons — and that's valid. The goal is to support overall health and well-being. It ____16____ (signal) that individual health integrates with societal and governmental efforts, combining medical expertise and community support ____17____ healthier lives. 【答案】15. has grown 16. signals 17. for 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了自三年前“体重管理年”启动以来，公众对体重控制的意识变化，以及该倡议所传达的理念，即个人健康与社会、政府努力相结合，借助医疗专业知识和社区支持以实现更健康的生活。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自从三年前“体重管理年”启动以来，公众对体重控制的意识已经增强。“since +一般过去时的句子”是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。本句主语“public awareness（公众意识）”是不可数名词，视为第三人称单数，所以用has grown。故填has grown。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：它表明个人健康与社会和政府的努力相结合，结合医学专业知识和社区支持，以实现更健康的生活。这里描述的是一般性的、客观的事实，通常使用一般现在时。主语It是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词signal要使用第三人称单数形式signals。故填signals。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：它表明个人健康与社会和政府的努力相结合，结合医学专业知识和社区支持，以实现更健康的生活。此处for表示目的，“为了”更健康的生活，引出前面一系列行动的目的。故填for。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A growth mindset beats a fixed mindset both in learning and life. While fixed thinking sees intelligence as unchangeable, growth mindset believes ___18___ (ability) develop through effort. Of course, talent helps, but research shows embracing challenges, learning from failures, and persisting actually build skills. This process turns obstacles into opportunities, ___19___ (develop) adaptability for tough problems. Students ___20___ get this mindset handle school better and foster lifelong learning habits. Ultimately, it helps people break through limits. 【答案】18. abilities 19. developing 20. who##that 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出成长型思维在学习和生活中优于固定型思维，说明成长型思维认为能力可通过努力发展，还提及此思维带来的好处及最终助人们突破局限。 【18题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：固定思维模式认为智力是固定不变的，而成长型思维则认为能力是通过努力而得以提升的。ability作省略了that的宾语从句的谓语，后文动词develop为原形，可知主语为复数。故填abilities。 19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一过程将障碍转化为机遇，培养了应对棘手问题的适应能力。句子主干为“This process turns obstacles into opportunities”，空格处需用非谓语动词作结果状语，“develop”与逻辑主语“this process”构成主动关系，故填现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填developing。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：拥有这种心态的学生在学习上表现得更好，并且能够养成终身学习的习惯。定语从句修饰先行词Students，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The University of Macau (UM) warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment. As an incoming exchange student, you’ll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees, while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution. To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals. The nomination package should include documents that showcase your academic background and study plans. These should be official English transcripts demonstrating your GPA, a detailed course selection form outlining your proposed studies at UM, a thoughtful personal statement explaining your motivation for joining the program, and at least one recommendation letter from a faculty member at your home university. For postgraduate students interested in research-based programs, an additional research project proposal is required. Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents. It’s particularly important for you to complete this application by deadline, as late submissions may affect your ability to pre-select courses. Upon arriving, you need to complete several important registration steps. These include submitting a medical examination form, and additional passport photos for various administrative purposes. The university provides detailed guidance to help you navigate these requirements, ensuring you can focus on making the most of your experience in Macao. For more information, please visit our official exchange program website or come to the school for consultation. 21. Which is the first step for students to begin the application? A. Getting nomination from their institutions. B. Obtaining one recommendation letter. C. Preparing their official transcripts. D. Designing a research proposal. 22. What are students required to do in the online application step? A. To upload photos of different sizes. B. To explore the course options at UM. C. To submit copies of identification files. D. To transfer their previous credits to UM. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote the exchange program. B. To attract students to visit the university. C. To introduce the university website. D. To inform students of the registration steps. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了澳门大学欢迎全球合作院校交换生，免学费且学分可转回本校。文章介绍申请需先获院校提名、提交材料，再完成线上注册，抵校后还有注册步骤，可查官网或到校咨询。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals.(要开始申请流程，你首先必须获得你所在院校国际交流办公室的正式提名，因为我校不接受个人直接申请)”可知，对于学生而言，申请流程的第一步是获得所在院校的推荐。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents.(一旦获得提名，你将能够登澳门大学的在线申请系统完成注册。这个数字化流程要求你上传一张护照尺寸的照片，并提供你的身份证明文件的复印件)”可知，在在线申请环节中，学生们需要提交身份证明文件的复印件。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段The University of Macau （UM） warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment.As an incoming exchange student，you'll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees，while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution"（澳门大学热烈欢迎来自全球合作院校的交换生，在我们独特的文化环境中体验学术生活。作为一名即将入学的交换生，你将有机会免费学习一到两个学期，同时所获得的学分可转回你所在的院校），后文又依次介绍了申请流程、在线申请要求及到校后的注册步骤，最后还提供了咨询方式，整体旨在推广澳门大学的交换项目。故选A。 B In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B. Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C. Each individual is the architect of their own success. D. Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了2023年初作者在加拉帕戈斯群岛发现传统邮桶后，返岛选了55封信件，计划一年递送至多地，过程有波折也有温暖，最终完成挑战并收获挚友。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. (1793年，水手们首次使用这种方式来寄信回家：他们会留下一封信，然后把所有写给他们下一站停靠港口的信件拿在手里亲手送达。)”可知，18世纪邮局湾的邮件通过“亲手递送到下一个目的地”的方式传递，故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? (几周之后，我再也无法停止思考那些信件的事。于是我想，如果我花一年的时间去投递那个邮筒里更多的信件，那会怎么样呢？)”以及第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选出了55封信件和明信片，这些信件和明信片涵盖了广阔的地理区域。)”可知，作者决定返回加拉帕戈斯群岛，因为她担心信件的寄送问题。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。)”可知，作者每周寄出一封信，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲，说明其坚定；根据倒数第二段“My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. (我最喜欢的信件是第八封，来自墨西哥城的一位女儿寄给母亲的信，信中女儿感谢母亲允许她追寻自己的梦想。母亲当时身体非常虚弱，而女儿本想结束旅行回家照顾母亲，但她坚持让女儿继续旅行。我至今仍与她们两人保持着联系。)”可知，作者用心递送每一封信（如墨西哥城女儿写给母亲的感谢信）、与收信人保持联系，说明其体贴。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段By March 2024，I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area.I aimed to deliver one a week，covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents.（到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。）以及最后一段I've made friends for life.（我结交了终生的朋友。）以及全文核心可知这篇文章讲述了作者2023年在加拉帕戈斯群岛弗洛雷阿纳岛发现一个传统邮筒（邮局湾邮箱）的经历。受此启发，作者决定用一年时间周游世界，亲手递送从邮筒中取出的55封信件和明信片，并与收件人建立了深厚友谊。说明新的联系从传统实践中产生。故选A。 C In 1961, MIT meteorologist Edward Lorenz was inputting numbers into a weather prediction program. His model was based on a dozen variables, the value of one being 0.506127. When he ran the model again, he rounded that number to 0.506, then left the room to grab a coffee. When he came back, he discovered this tiny change had resulted in a dramatically different weather prediction. When presenting his groundbreaking model of chaos and the potential of extreme chaotic unpredictability at the 1972 meeting, Lorenz posed the question: “Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?” Richard A. Anthes, former president of the University Corporation, says Lorenz was illustrating how, “in a system of apparently simple mathematical equations, a tiny change in the initial position of the particle can cause huge changes in its future position.” This analogy so simply and beautifully expressed with Lorenz’s fascinating metaphor (隐喻), captured the imaginations of scientists and the public alike. The butterfly effect “disrupted science at a philosophical level, showing that modeling the future is only predictable to an extent”, explains Bo-Wen Shen, an associate professor at San Diego State University. Shen thinks this is because the idea that even the slightest changes may have significant impacts “offers hope to individuals, encouraging them to take small actions that could have a profound and positive effect”. The concept has been the subject of films and social media where people shared their butterfly effect stories: seemingly random events — a car breaking down, a missed train, a broken shoe — that lead to significant moments in their life. These stories often misunderstand Lorenz’s original concept and more accurately describe a coincidence. The main disconnect lies in the belief that the ability of a tiny change to create an organized disturbance at large distances is a real phenomenon. Tim Palmer a climate physics professor at Oxford, argues that Lorenz’s butterfly effect illustrates how weather emerges from independent atmospheric patterns interacting in fleeting, collective ways. In 2017, he said to imagine weather like a set of Russian dolls: a large low-pressure system holds thunderstorms, which contain smaller clouds and turbulent eddies, with even tinier eddies inside. His idea about how to understand the butterfly effect is “there are finite predictability horizons which cannot be extended by reducing uncertainty in initial conditions”. Shen says the butterfly effect is best illustrated using this proverb-like folktale by poet George Herbert in 1640: “For want of a nail, the shoe was lost. For want of a shoe, the horse was lost. For want of a horse, the rider was lost. For want of a rider, the battle was lost. For want of a battle, the kingdom was lost. And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.” 28. What did Lorenz find when coming back from grabbing a coffee? A. One of the variables was rounded off. B. His lab would have to run a model again. C. He had made a mistake in entering numbers. D. A tiny change led to an entirely different outcome. 29. What might be the purpose of paragraph 6? A. To showcase real life examples for the public. B. To show the significance of the butterfly effect. C. To present a misunderstanding of the butterfly effect. D. To highlight the wide influence of the butterfly effect. 30. What can we learn about the butterfly effect from the passage? A. Its popularity improves people’s awareness of small actions. B. It shows metaphorically how tiny details can reshape future. C. It contributes greatly to the precision of modelling the future. D. Improving its initial data helps extend weather predictability. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了1961年洛伦兹发现气象模型中微小数值变化致结果大不同，提出“蝴蝶效应”，虽常被误解为巧合，却隐喻微小细节影响未来，还被用民间故事阐释。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“His model was based on a dozen variables, the value of one being 0.506127. When he ran the model again, he rounded that number to 0.506, then left the room to grab a coffee. When he came back, he discovered this tiny change had resulted in a dramatically different weather prediction. (他的模型基于十几个变量，其中一项变量的值为0.506127。当他再次运行这个模型时，他将那个数字四舍五入为0.506，然后便离开房间去喝杯咖啡了。当他回来时，他发现这一微小的变化竟然导致了天气预报出现了巨大的差别。)”可知，洛伦兹去喝杯咖啡回来后发现一个微小的变化导致了截然不同的结果。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“These stories often misunderstand Lorenz’s original concept and more accurately describe a coincidence. The main disconnect lies in the belief that the ability of a tiny change to create an organized disturbance at large distances is a real phenomenon. (这些故事往往误解了洛伦兹最初的理论，反而更准确地描述了一种巧合现象。主要的分歧在于，它们认为微小的变化能够在较远的距离上引发有组织的扰动这一观点是一种真实存在的现象。)”可知，第六段可能的目的是阐述对蝴蝶效应的一种误解。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Richard A. Anthes, former president of the University Corporation, says Lorenz was illustrating how, “in a system of apparently simple mathematical equations, a tiny change in the initial position of the particle can cause huge changes in its future position.” This analogy so simply and beautifully expressed with Lorenz’s fascinating metaphor (隐喻), captured the imaginations of scientists and the public alike. (大学联盟前主席理查德·A·安瑟斯表示，洛伦兹所阐述的是：“在看似简单的数学方程式所构成的系统中，粒子初始位置的微小变化会导致其未来位置发生巨大变化。”这一类比以如此简洁而优美的方式，借助洛伦兹那引人入胜的隐喻，成功地引起了科学家和公众的共鸣。)”可知，蝴蝶效应以一种隐喻的方式展示了微小的细节如何能够改变未来。故选B。 D Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics. In the biological world, living organisms are remarkable examples of systems that actively maintain local entropy reduction as open systems. From the simplest single-celled organisms to complex human beings, life maintains local order by consuming energy from its environment, while inevitably increasing the total entropy of the system and surroundings. Cells organize molecules into certain structures, organisms grow and develop in a structured manner — all these processes require the intake of energy, which is then used to create and maintain order while increasing entropy in the surrounding environment. For instance, plants convert (转换) less than 1% of absorbed sunlight through photosynthesis into chemical energy to build complex organic molecules, while most energy is lost as heat, increasing environmental entropy. On a societal level, human societies metaphorically mimic entropy reduction by creating organizational structures through various means, such as laws, institutions, and cultural norms. These elements act as forces that counteract the chaos of individual desires and actions, bringing about a sense of stability and predictability. Education, for example, is a powerful tool for organizing society. It helps individuals structure their thoughts, develop decision-making abilities, and contribute to the overall order and progress of the community. In technology, the pursuit of order drives innovation. Engineers and scientists constantly seek to create systems that improve energy efficiency, but all man-made systems ultimately increase global entropy through waste heat and resource consumption. From the development of advanced computer algorithms that can sort and process vast amounts of data to the design of sustainable energy systems that convert low-grade energy into usable forms, each technological advancement represents a step towards greater practical organization, as we transform raw materials and complex information into useful products and meaningful knowledge. However, the concept of local entropy reduction also raises questions. While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved. All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost. In our efforts to create structure, we may deplete resources, disrupt natural ecosystems, and generate new forms of disorder elsewhere. 31. Which example shows local entropy reduction? A. Study group collapse into quarrels. B. Hot coffee cools to room temperature. C. Trees use sunlight to fuel their growth. D. Broken glass breaks into smaller pieces. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Living organisms create order by releasing energy. B. Local entropy reduction follows the universe’s trend. C. New technologies help reduce global entropy increase. D. Creating local order causes greater disorder elsewhere. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards local entropy reduction? A. Skeptical. B. Cautious. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 34. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Order in Biology, Society, and Technology: A Comprehensive Analysis B. The Role of Entropy in Shaping Order: From Physics to Our Daily Life C. Local Order in a Disordered World: Entropy Beyond the Field of Physics D The Conflict between Local and Global Entropy: A Futuristic Perspective 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从热力学中的熵切入，介绍局部熵减（子系统形成秩序却增加周围熵），并从生物、社会、科技领域举例说明，同时指出其有局限，需以其他地方更大混乱为代价。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“From the simplest single-celled organisms to complex human beings, life maintains local order by consuming energy from its environment, while inevitably increasing the total entropy of the system and surroundings. Cells organize molecules into certain structures, organisms grow and develop in a structured manner — all these processes require the intake of energy, which is then used to create and maintain order while increasing entropy in the surrounding environment.(从最简单的单细胞生物到复杂的人类，生命通过从环境获取能量来维持局部秩序，但不可避免地会增加系统及周围环境的总熵值。细胞将分子组织成特定的结构，生物体以有规律的方式生长和发育——所有这些过程都需要能量的摄入，而这些能量随后则被用于创造和维持秩序，同时增加周围环境的熵值)”可知，树木依靠阳光来提供生长所需的能量展示了局部熵的减少。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics.(根据热力学第二定律，所有局部的有序状态都必须由其他地方的无序状态来弥补)”可知，在本地建立秩序会导致其他地方出现更大的混乱。故选D。 【33题详解】 观点态度题。根据文章内容，作者先介绍局部熵减在多个领域的体现（如生物、社会、科技），体现其积极意义，结合最后一段中的“While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved.(尽管秩序的建立至关重要，但局部熵减的实现程度是存在限度的。)”以及“Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost.(而且，追求局部秩序往往需要付出代价”可知，文章中既肯定又客观提及局限，态度谨慎。故选B。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics.(熵源于热力学，它衡量的是一个系统中的无序程度。相反，局部熵的减少则意味着在一个子系统内暂时形成了有序状态，同时其周围环境的熵则会增加。这一概念并未挑战我们对宇宙趋向整体熵增加这一基本理解，而是在这一框架内发挥作用，并且其影响远远超出了物理学领域)”结合文章从热力学中的熵切入，介绍局部熵减（子系统形成秩序却增加周围熵），并从生物、社会、科技领域举例说明，同时指出其有局限，需以其他地方更大混乱为代价。可知，C选项“无序世界中的局部秩序：超越物理学范畴的熵”最符合文章标题。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think a good learner must keep steady focus. Yet new studies show the opposite. When the mind gently drifts, it can still absorb facts. More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions. ___35___ Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light. ___36___ Neurons repeat the pattern without effort. This hidden rehearsal strengthens memory traces and keeps the door open for later links. Drifting invites remote associations. During a break, the same student may recall her kitchen window, where the basil plant leans each morning. Two scenes—classroom and kitchen—meet in her mind. From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth. ___37___ However, focused study rarely allows such loose pairing of places and times. A wandering mind tests rules in private. While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student's thoughts may run a quick test: "If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?" ___38___ These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later. ___39___ They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos. Learners can set soft borders: after twenty minutes of hard work, they allow five minutes of gentle drift. In this window, the mind roams but stays near the topic. The result is deeper insight without lost time. A Critics may say distraction wastes time. B. Mind-wandering breaks cognitive barriers. C. No lab is needed; the brain runs a silent model. D. This random access generates innovative ideas. E. The leap is small, but it is new knowledge built on her own. F. A wandering mind, it turns out, is a quiet helper in this work. G. While her eyes look out of the window, her brain keeps the idea alive. 【答案】35. F 36. G 37. E 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了心不在焉（mind-drifting）在学习过程中的积极作用，包括给大脑额外时间、引发远程联想、在内心测试规则等，同时也回应了一些对心不在焉会浪费时间的批评。 【35题详解】 根据上文“More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions.(更重要的是，它能以全新的方式将它们联系起来。这个过程被称为推理学习，它让我们超越既定事实，得出新的结论)” 可知，此处强调心不在焉在学习过程中的作用，F选项“事实证明，心不在焉在这项工作中是一个默默的帮手” 符合语境，其中 “this work” 指代前文的推理学习。故选F。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light.(心不在焉给大脑额外的时间。假设一个学生听到植物向光弯曲)” 以及下文 “Neurons repeat the pattern without effort.(神经元会不费力气地重复这个模式)” 可知，此处应描述学生在听到这个知识后心不在焉时大脑的状态，G 选项 “当她的眼睛望向窗外时，她的大脑仍在想着这个想法” 符合语境，体现了心不在焉时大脑对知识的持续思考，故选G。 【37题详解】 根据上文 “From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth.(从这种融合中，她可能会推断出，引导植物生长的不仅仅是阳光本身，还有光的方向)” 可知，此处应阐述这个推断的意义，E 选项 “这个飞跃虽小，但却是她自己构建的新知识” 符合语境，故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文“While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student’s thoughts may run a quick test: “If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?”(当老师进入下一个话题时，学生的思绪可能会快速进行一个测试：“如果光从下面来，茎还会向上弯曲吗？”)”以及下文“These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later.(这些无声的思考实验深化了理解，为学习者日后应对真实考验做好准备)” 可知，此处应描述学生在内心进行这个测试的特点，C 选项 “不需要实验室；大脑运行着一个无声的模型” 符合语境，呼应下文，故选C。 【39题详解】 根据下文“They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos.(他们忘记了有控制的走神和混乱是不一样的)” 可知，此处应是有人对心不在焉提出了负面看法，A 选项 “批评者可能会说分心浪费时间” 符合语境，引出后文对这种看法的回应，故选A。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Have you ever felt a sense of relief and understanding wash over you after reading a book that seemed to echo your innermost thoughts and feelings? That’s the essence of bibliography therapy—a form of therapy that taps into the power of books to help people heal emotionally. It’s not about digging deep into literary analysis; instead, it’s about seeking comfort, inspiration, and answers within the written words of a book. In our modern, fast-paced lives, stress, anxiety, and various emotional challenges have been almost everywhere. Bibliotherapy steps in as a simple yet highly effective solution. When we immerse ourselves in stories where characters deal with similar struggles, we experience a profound realization: we are not alone in our hardships, and we gradually learn to view the world through their eyes. Bibliotherapy is also an invaluable tool for self-discovery. Self-help books like “Atomic Habits” by James Clear are designed to guide readers through a series of exercises aimed at clarifying their values, setting achievable goals, and gaining a better understanding of their emotions. By engaging with books, we gain valuable insights into our true selves and develop practical strategies for personal growth and self-improvement. The appeal of bibliography therapy extends far beyond its emotional benefits—it also lies in its remarkable accessibility. Unlike traditional therapy, which often requires scheduling appointments, traveling to a therapist’s office, and resulting in costs, bibliography can be practiced anywhere, at any time. All you need is a book. Whether you’re curled up on your couch at home, or taking a break in a park, a book is always ready to offer support and healing. Bibliotherapy also provides a unique form of flexibility. Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you can revisit a book as often as needed, pausing and reflecting at your own pace. So, the next time you find yourself struggling with negative emotions or seeking personal growth, don’t hesitate to pick up a book—it might just be the most effective and accessible form of therapy you’ll ever discover. 40. What is bibliography? _____________________________________________________________ 41. Why is bibliography a tool for self-discovery? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you must follow a reading plan designed by experts to ensure effectiveness. _____________________________________________________________ 43. Introduce one of your experiences of getting healed by reading books. (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. A form of therapy that uses books to help people heal emotionally. 41. Because by engaging with books, we gain valuable insights into our true selves and develop practical strategies for personal growth and self-improvement. 42. Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliotherapy, you must follow a reading plan designed by experts to ensure effectiveness. … but with bibliotherapy, you can revisit a book as often as needed, pausing and reflecting at your own pace. 43. After failing a big exam, I felt really crushed. Then, picking up Harry Potter, I got lost in the wizard world. For hours, my worries faded as I followed Harry's adventures. When I closed the book, my heavy heart felt lighter. That escape showed me the true healing power of reading. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“阅读疗法”，阐述其本质是借助书籍力量帮助人们实现情感疗愈，说明其在应对现代生活情感挑战、助力自我发现方面的作用，并强调其易获取性和灵活性的优势。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“That’s the essence of bibliography therapy—a form of therapy that taps into the power of books to help people heal emotionally. It’s not about digging deep into literary analysis; instead, it’s about seeking comfort, inspiration, and answers within the written words of a book. (这这就是阅读疗法的本质——一种借助书籍的力量帮助人们进行情感治愈的治疗方式。它并非要深入进行文学分析，而是要在书中的文字里寻求慰藉、灵感与答案) ”可知，阅读疗法是一种利用书籍帮助人们情感疗愈的方法，它注重从书中寻求安慰、灵感和答案，而非文学分析。故答案为A form of therapy that uses books to help people heal emotionally. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Self-help books like “Atomic Habits” by James Clear are designed to guide readers through a series of exercises aimed at clarifying their values, setting achievable goals, and gaining a better understanding of their emotions. By engaging with books, we gain valuable insights into our true selves and develop practical strategies for personal growth and self-improvement.(像詹姆斯・克利尔所著的《原子习惯》这类自助书籍，旨在引导读者完成一系列练习——这些练习的目的是帮助读者明晰自身价值观、设定可实现的目标，并更好地理解自己的情绪。通过与书籍接触，我们能深入了解真实的自我，并制定出促进个人成长与自我提升的实用策略。)”可知，阅读疗法通过书籍中的练习帮助读者明确价值观、设定目标并理解情绪，从而促进自我发现和个人成长。故答案为Because by engaging with books, we gain valuable insights into our true selves and develop practical strategies for personal growth and self-improvement. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you can revisit a book as often as needed, pausing and reflecting at your own pace. (传统疗法的诊疗会遵循固定的时间表，但在阅读中，你可以根据需要随时重温一本书，按照自己的节奏暂停阅读、进行思考)”可知，书目疗法具有灵活性，无需遵循专家设计的阅读计划。原句中的划线部分“Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you must follow a reading plan designed by experts to ensure effectiveness.”与文章内容不符。故答案为Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliotherapy, you must follow a reading plan designed by experts to ensure effectiveness. … but with bibliotherapy, you can revisit a book as often as needed, pausing and reflecting at your own pace. 【43题详解】 开放类题目。要求分享一个通过阅读获得疗愈的经历。答案需包含具体书名、情境及积极影响，字数控制在40词左右。示例如下：After failing a big exam, I felt really crushed. Then, picking up Harry Potter, I got lost in the wizard world. For hours, my worries faded as I followed Harry's adventures. When I closed the book, my heavy heart felt lighter. That escape showed me the true healing power of reading. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim即将回国，学校邀请他制作一期海报，描述自己眼中的中国校园生活。他写邮件向你征求建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.提出的建议； 2.建议的理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I'm glad to hear from you. Regarding the poster about your life in a Chinese school, here are some suggestions. You can include pictures of our daily classes, which can show the teaching-learning atmosphere and the unique ways of knowledge-imparting in China. Also, adding photos of various school activities like sports meets or cultural festivals is a good idea. These activities mirror the rich and colorful campus life here, and they can help others understand the well- rounded education system. I hope these ideas will be helpful to you. Looking forward to seeing your wonderful poster. Best regards. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生就Jim关于制作中国校园生活的海报提出建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： ①包含：include→contain ②展示：show→demonstrate ③反映：mirror→reflect ④全面的：well-rounded→comprehensive 2. 句式拓展： 同义句 原句：Adding photos of various school activities like sports meets or cultural festivals is a good idea. 拓展句：It is a good idea to add photos of different school activities such as sports meets or cultural festivals. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can include pictures of our daily classes, which can show the teaching-learning atmosphere and the unique ways of knowledge-imparting in China.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I hope these ideas will be helpful to you.（使用了省略that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年北京市新高三入学定位考试 英语 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What started as a typical Sunday shift for Manhattan Deming turned into a moment she’ll never forget. Deming was running around ___1___ tables when a couple she was serving began asking her about her life. Their conversation quickly turned heartfelt. Deming shared, “They asked me if I had goals and I said I’d love to be a nurse one day. That was my goal before I had my daughter… but I plan to go back to school when things get better.” After a/an ___2___ conversation, the couple handed Deming the receipt — what she saw next ___3___ her in her tracks. “It’s $ 2,000,” Deming recalled. “I ___4___ right there. I couldn’t hold it in. It means the world to me!” Deming has faced her ___5___ of challenges while balancing work and raising her 3-year-old daughter. From unstable cell service making it hard to check in on her child during work, to putting her nursing dreams on hold, things haven’t been easy. But this generous tip has given her a new shot at ___6___. “It’s going to help me with rent, bills, clothes for my daughter — just a cushion while I work toward school,” she said. “They’ve really ___7___ me… to begin achieving my goals and bettering my daughter and my life.” Before becoming a waitress, Deming worked as a Patient Care Technician at a local hospital, but had to leave due to ___8___ difficulties after her daughter was born. Now, thanks to this incredible gesture, she plans to return to school and ___9___ her dream of becoming a nurse. For Deming, the $ 2,000 tip is more than just money — it serves as a ____10____ that good things come to those who wait. 1. A. fixing B. waiting C. cleaning D. turning 2. A. warm B. tense C. awkward D. private 3. A. delayed B. lifted C. distracted D. stopped 4 A. fell down B. broke down C. calmed down D. lay down 5. A. fear B. kind C. share D. source 6. A. hope B. love C. peace D. freedom 7. A. trusted B. surprised C. inspired D. entertained 8. A. nursing B. budgeting C. learning D. scheduling 9. A. discover B. support C. pursue D. picture 10. A. clue B. lesson C. promise D. reminder 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Wail Alselwi has turned his food counter into a hub of motivation. ___11___ (know) online as “Island Ock,” Alselwi launched a reward program for good grades in 2023, all to inspire a local 12-year-old named Zamier. He ___12___ (promise) the boy that if he improved his grades, he could choose anything he wanted from the store for free. By the end of the year, Zamier made the honor roll. Now, dozens of students ___13___ (regular) visit the food counter with their report cards. To Alselwi, ___14___ matters most is showing these kids that their hard work is seen and appreciated. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Since the “Year of Weight Management” launched three years ago, public awareness of weight control ____15____ (grow). This initiative frames weight management as a shared social responsibility. At the same time, it respects those who cannot or choose not to lose weight for medical reasons — and that's valid. The goal is to support overall health and well-being. It ____16____ (signal) that individual health integrates with societal and governmental efforts, combining medical expertise and community support ____17____ healthier lives. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A growth mindset beats a fixed mindset both in learning and life. While fixed thinking sees intelligence as unchangeable, growth mindset believes ___18___ (ability) develop through effort. Of course, talent helps, but research shows embracing challenges, learning from failures, and persisting actually build skills. This process turns obstacles into opportunities, ___19___ (develop) adaptability for tough problems. Students ___20___ get this mindset handle school better and foster lifelong learning habits. Ultimately, it helps people break through limits. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The University of Macau (UM) warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment. As an incoming exchange student, you’ll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees, while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution. To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals. The nomination package should include documents that showcase your academic background and study plans. These should be official English transcripts demonstrating your GPA, a detailed course selection form outlining your proposed studies at UM, a thoughtful personal statement explaining your motivation for joining the program, and at least one recommendation letter from a faculty member at your home university. For postgraduate students interested in research-based programs, an additional research project proposal is required. Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents. It’s particularly important for you to complete this application by deadline, as late submissions may affect your ability to pre-select courses. Upon arriving, you need to complete several important registration steps. These include submitting a medical examination form, and additional passport photos for various administrative purposes. The university provides detailed guidance to help you navigate these requirements, ensuring you can focus on making the most of your experience in Macao. For more information, please visit our official exchange program website or come to the school for consultation. 21. Which is the first step for students to begin the application? A. Getting nomination from their institutions. B. Obtaining one recommendation letter. C. Preparing their official transcripts. D. Designing a research proposal. 22. What are students required to do in the online application step? A. To upload photos of different sizes. B. To explore the course options at UM. C. To submit copies of identification files. D. To transfer their previous credits to UM. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote the exchange program. B. To attract students to visit the university. C. To introduce the university website. D. To inform students of the registration steps. B In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B. Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C. Each individual is the architect of their own success. D. Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. C In 1961, MIT meteorologist Edward Lorenz was inputting numbers into a weather prediction program. His model was based on a dozen variables, the value of one being 0.506127. When he ran the model again, he rounded that number to 0.506, then left the room to grab a coffee. When he came back, he discovered this tiny change had resulted in a dramatically different weather prediction. When presenting his groundbreaking model of chaos and the potential of extreme chaotic unpredictability at the 1972 meeting, Lorenz posed the question: “Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?” Richard A. Anthes, former president of the University Corporation, says Lorenz was illustrating how, “in a system of apparently simple mathematical equations, a tiny change in the initial position of the particle can cause huge changes in its future position.” This analogy so simply and beautifully expressed with Lorenz’s fascinating metaphor (隐喻), captured the imaginations of scientists and the public alike. The butterfly effect “disrupted science at a philosophical level showing that modeling the future is only predictable to an extent”, explains Bo-Wen Shen, an associate professor at San Diego State University. Shen thinks this is because the idea that even the slightest changes may have significant impacts “offers hope to individuals, encouraging them to take small actions that could have a profound and positive effect”. The concept has been the subject of films and social media where people shared their butterfly effect stories: seemingly random events — a car breaking down, a missed train, a broken shoe — that lead to significant moments in their life. These stories often misunderstand Lorenz’s original concept and more accurately describe a coincidence. The main disconnect lies in the belief that the ability of a tiny change to create an organized disturbance at large distances is a real phenomenon. Tim Palmer, a climate physics professor at Oxford, argues that Lorenz’s butterfly effect illustrates how weather emerges from independent atmospheric patterns interacting in fleeting, collective ways. In 2017, he said to imagine weather like a set of Russian dolls: a large low-pressure system holds thunderstorms, which contain smaller clouds and turbulent eddies, with even tinier eddies inside. His idea about how to understand the butterfly effect is “there are finite predictability horizons which cannot be extended by reducing uncertainty in initial conditions”. Shen says the butterfly effect is best illustrated using this proverb-like folktale by poet George Herbert in 1640: “For want of a nail, the shoe was lost. For want of a shoe, the horse was lost. For want of a horse, the rider was lost. For want of a rider, the battle was lost. For want of a battle, the kingdom was lost. And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.” 28 What did Lorenz find when coming back from grabbing a coffee? A. One of the variables was rounded off. B. His lab would have to run a model again. C. He had made a mistake in entering numbers. D. A tiny change led to an entirely different outcome. 29. What might be the purpose of paragraph 6? A. To showcase real life examples for the public. B. To show the significance of the butterfly effect. C. To present a misunderstanding of the butterfly effect. D. To highlight the wide influence of the butterfly effect. 30. What can we learn about the butterfly effect from the passage? A. Its popularity improves people’s awareness of small actions. B. It shows metaphorically how tiny details can reshape future. C. It contributes greatly to the precision of modelling the future. D. Improving its initial data helps extend weather predictability. D Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics. In the biological world, living organisms are remarkable examples of systems that actively maintain local entropy reduction as open systems. From the simplest single-celled organisms to complex human beings, life maintains local order by consuming energy from its environment, while inevitably increasing the total entropy of the system and surroundings. Cells organize molecules into certain structures, organisms grow and develop in a structured manner — all these processes require the intake of energy, which is then used to create and maintain order while increasing entropy in the surrounding environment. For instance, plants convert (转换) less than 1% of absorbed sunlight through photosynthesis into chemical energy to build complex organic molecules, while most energy is lost as heat, increasing environmental entropy. On a societal level, human societies metaphorically mimic entropy reduction by creating organizational structures through various means, such as laws, institutions, and cultural norms. These elements act as forces that counteract the chaos of individual desires and actions, bringing about a sense of stability and predictability. Education, for example, is a powerful tool for organizing society. It helps individuals structure their thoughts, develop decision-making abilities, and contribute to the overall order and progress of the community. In technology, the pursuit of order drives innovation. Engineers and scientists constantly seek to create systems that improve energy efficiency, but all man-made systems ultimately increase global entropy through waste heat and resource consumption. From the development of advanced computer algorithms that can sort and process vast amounts of data to the design of sustainable energy systems that convert low-grade energy into usable forms, each technological advancement represents a step towards greater practical organization, as we transform raw materials and complex information into useful products and meaningful knowledge. However, the concept of local entropy reduction also raises questions. While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved. All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost. In our efforts to create structure, we may deplete resources, disrupt natural ecosystems, and generate new forms of disorder elsewhere. 31. Which example shows local entropy reduction? A. Study group collapse into quarrels. B. Hot coffee cools to room temperature. C. Trees use sunlight to fuel their growth. D. Broken glass breaks into smaller pieces. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Living organisms create order by releasing energy. B. Local entropy reduction follows the universe’s trend. C. New technologies help reduce global entropy increase. D. Creating local order causes greater disorder elsewhere. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards local entropy reduction? A. Skeptical. B. Cautious. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 34. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Order in Biology, Society, and Technology: A Comprehensive Analysis B. The Role of Entropy in Shaping Order: From Physics to Our Daily Life C. Local Order in a Disordered World: Entropy Beyond the Field of Physics D. The Conflict between Local and Global Entropy: A Futuristic Perspective 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think a good learner must keep steady focus. Yet new studies show the opposite. When the mind gently drifts, it can still absorb facts. More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions. ___35___ Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light. ___36___ Neurons repeat the pattern without effort. This hidden rehearsal strengthens memory traces and keeps the door open for later links. Drifting invites remote associations. During a break, the same student may recall her kitchen window, where the basil plant leans each morning. Two scenes—classroom and kitchen—meet in her mind. From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth. ___37___ However, focused study rarely allows such loose pairing of places and times. A wandering mind tests rules in private. While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student's thoughts may run a quick test: "If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?" ___38___ These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later. ___39___ They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos. Learners can set soft borders: after twenty minutes of hard work, they allow five minutes of gentle drift. In this window, the mind roams but stays near the topic. The result is deeper insight without lost time. A. Critics may say distraction wastes time. B. Mind-wandering breaks cognitive barriers. C. No lab is needed; the brain runs a silent model. D. This random access generates innovative ideas. E. The leap is small, but it is new knowledge built on her own. F. A wandering mind it turns out, is a quiet helper in this work. G. While her eyes look out of the window, her brain keeps the idea alive. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Have you ever felt a sense of relief and understanding wash over you after reading a book that seemed to echo your innermost thoughts and feelings? That’s the essence of bibliography therapy—a form of therapy that taps into the power of books to help people heal emotionally. It’s not about digging deep into literary analysis; instead, it’s about seeking comfort, inspiration, and answers within the written words of a book. In our modern, fast-paced lives, stress, anxiety, and various emotional challenges have been almost everywhere. Bibliotherapy steps in as a simple yet highly effective solution. When we immerse ourselves in stories where characters deal with similar struggles, we experience a profound realization: we are not alone in our hardships, and we gradually learn to view the world through their eyes. Bibliotherapy is also an invaluable tool for self-discovery. Self-help books like “Atomic Habits” by James Clear are designed to guide readers through a series of exercises aimed at clarifying their values, setting achievable goals, and gaining a better understanding of their emotions. By engaging with books, we gain valuable insights into our true selves and develop practical strategies for personal growth and self-improvement. The appeal of bibliography therapy extends far beyond its emotional benefits—it also lies in its remarkable accessibility. Unlike traditional therapy, which often requires scheduling appointments, traveling to a therapist’s office, and resulting in costs, bibliography can be practiced anywhere, at any time. All you need is a book. Whether you’re curled up on your couch at home, or taking a break in a park, a book is always ready to offer support and healing. Bibliotherapy also provides a unique form of flexibility. Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you can revisit a book as often as needed, pausing and reflecting at your own pace. So, the next time you find yourself struggling with negative emotions or seeking personal growth, don’t hesitate to pick up a book—it might just be the most effective and accessible form of therapy you’ll ever discover. 40. What is bibliography? _____________________________________________________________ 41. Why is bibliography a tool for self-discovery? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Traditional therapy sessions follow a set schedule, but with bibliography, you must follow a reading plan designed by experts to ensure effectiveness. _____________________________________________________________ 43. Introduce one of your experiences of getting healed by reading books. (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim即将回国，学校邀请他制作一期海报，描述自己眼中的中国校园生活。他写邮件向你征求建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.提出的建议； 2.建议的理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $