初高中衔接2：词性和句子成分 导学案 -2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初高中衔接2：词性和句子成分 初高中衔接2—— 词性和句子成分 Date:_____ Class:___ Group:___ Name:_______ Learning aims 1.To know the 10 parts of speech and 8 sentence components and their functions in English. 2. To find out predicate, object, attributive and adverbial Process I． 词性 1. Do you know how many kinds of properties of words（词性） in English? Please write them down ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 名词，形容词，副词词性转换 读下面的故事，归纳词性修饰情况。 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was interesting. However, I did not enjoy it. A young man and his wife were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. “I can’t hear a word!” I said angrily. “It’s none of your business”, the young man said rudely.” This is a private conversation. (1) I had a very good seat. (2) This is a private conversation. 由(1) (2)画线单词我们可以得出：________________修饰________________; (3) A young man and his wife were sitting behind me. (4) I could not hear the actors. 由(3) (4)我们可以得出：冠词和形容词性物主代词之后跟________________; (5) The play was interesting. 由(5) 我们可以得出：系动词后跟__________________; (6) I looked at the man and the woman angrily. (7) I said angrily. (8) The young man said rudely. 由(6) (7) (8)我们可以得出：_____________修饰动词； (9) I got very angry. 由(9)我们可以得出：________________修饰形容词； (10) However, I did not enjoy it. 由(10)我们可以得出：________________修饰整个句子； 注意: 英语中经常使用的系动词有： (1) 状态动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。（be） e.g. My father is very strong. (2) 持续动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。（stay，remain，keep等） e.g. You must keep healthy. (3) 表象动词：用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。appear（看起来），seem（看似）。e.g. Your mother seems much younger than I thought. (4) 感官动词：feel（摸起来), taste（尝起来), smell（闻起来), sound（听起来）, look（看起来)。e.g. The milk tastes a little sour. (5) 转变或结果动词：become（变为)，get（成为)，grow（长得)，turn（变得)，go（变得)等。e.g. Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 【总结】：________________常用于及物动词或介词或限定词（冠词/形容词/物主代词）之后。 系动词后常用_______________，_______________修饰名词，________________用来修饰形容词或动词。 _______________有时还能修饰整个句子。 3. 练习 (1) Your ________________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting(反思）on how you learn. (2) Great pity! His illness is beyond the _______________(treat) available(可获得的）so far. (3) The CT is really a useful _________________(invent), with which doctors can find out what”s wrong with a patient. (4) As _________________(nature) architects（建筑），the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (5) I cannot control my body well. My legs become _________________(pain) (6) If we leave right away, ________________(hope) we’ll arrive on time. (7) Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _______________(equal) respected. (8) The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _____________(blind) II． 句子成分 1. What are the sentence components(句子成分) in English? _______________________________________________________________. 2. Which sentence components of them are essential(必不可少的)? _______________________________________________________________. 温馨提示：“主语+谓语”比喻成“大脑 + 五官” 头发、胡子、青春痘有些人有有些人没有----- 宾语、宾补、表语 帽子、墨镜、耳环非身体一部分，装饰，可有可无------ 定语、状语、同位语 3. Subject(主语) 主语---可以作主语的成分有名词, 代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 Please find out the subjects of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. Jane is good at playing the piano. 2. She went out in a hurry. 3. Four plus four is eight. 4. To see is to believe. 5. Smoking is bad for health. 6. The young should respect the old. 7. What he has said is true. 4. Predicate (谓语) 简单谓语由“动词或动词词组”构成, 一般在主语之后。如： 1. I saw the flag on the top of the hill. 2. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成，如： 3. He can speak English well. 4. She has finished the homework. do/ does/ did have/has done Please find out the predicates of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. A does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. Who knows the answer? 6. He has refused to help them. 7. He enjoys reading. 8. He said "Good morning." 5. Object(宾语) 宾语：动作的接受者/承受者，一般在谓语后面。 Please find out the objects of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. I like my job. 2. I love you. 3. He wanted to leave here. 4. They enjoyed playing computer games. 5. He asked where he was. 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.如： He gave me （间接宾语）some books（直接宾语）. Please pass me the book He bought me some flowers. 6.Attributive (定语) 定语：修饰或限定名词或代词的成份，通常位于被修饰的名词或代词前。如： 请在括号中写出定语的词性。 1.He is a clever boy. （ ） 2. They are building a stone bridge. （ ） 3. There are 54 students in our class. （ ） 4. Do you known Betty’s sister? （ ） 5. There is a sleeping baby in bed. （ ） 6. His spoken language is good. （ ） 7. I met a friend on my way home. （ ） Please find out the attributive of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. The girl in red is his sister. 2. We have a lot of work to do. 3. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. 4. Do you know the man who spoke just now? 5. There is nothing interesting in this book. 7. Adverbial(状语) 状语：用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.如： 请写出画线状语表示的含义。 1. I will be back in a while. （ ） 2. They are playing on the playground. （ ） 3. He was late because he got up late. （ ） 4. He got up so late that he missed the train. （ ） 5. I waited to see you. （ ） 6. He often went to school by bus. （ ） 7. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. （ ） 8. Please call me if it is necessary. （ ） 9. This book is very interesting. （ ） 10. He went to school in spite of his illness. （ ） 11. He always comes late to school. （ ） 扩写句子---请将下面的句子加上三个及以上状语使句意合理完整。 He went. ______________________________________________________________. 8. Object Complement(宾语补足语) 宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 Please find out the objects and object complements of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. I found the book interesting. 2. Do you hear Tom singing? 3. He made himself understood. 4. She asked me to lend her a hand. 5. Please make yourself at home. 6. Please keep the dog out. 7. We must keep it a secret. 9. Predicative(表语) 表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语。 常见的系动词有： Be动词 (am, is, are) 感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear. Please find out the predicative of the following(adj.下面的) sentences. 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. Who was the first? 6. He is out of condition. 7. The book is what I need. 8. The apple tastes good. 10. Appositive (同位语) 同位语是对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释的句子成份。如： We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”) 用含有同位语的句子介绍自己： _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$