专题04 阅读理解 （议论文+新闻报道）（期中真题分类汇编，河南专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南信高贤岭校区·期中） Shanghai residents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu District earlier this month might be surprised to catch an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground — in its entirety — and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine”. In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers attached nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-storey building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which alternately (交替地) rise up and down, imitating the human stride. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward. In recent decades, China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings razed to clear land for grand skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage lost as a result of tear-down across the country. Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “shikumen” (or “stone gate”) houses in the renovated Xintiandi neighborhood have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou District, in what was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date. The Lagena Primary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, posed a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, whereas previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”. Citizens welcome and appreciate the efforts made by the municipal government to protect these old buildings. In their eyes, not only are the old buildings part of their memory but they also represent part of Shanghai’s history. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. A “walking building” can often be seen in Shanghai. B. The 85-year-old building is called “walking machine”. C. The 85-year-old building is the first building to be relocated. D. Engineers relocated the building without breaking it into parts. 2. Which are excluded from the project of relocating the building? A. Mobile supports. B. Robotic legs. C. Attached sensors. D. Technical engineers. 3. The author shows Shanghai’s success in protecting historic buildings by ______. A. listing figures B. giving reasons C. making comparisons D. providing examples 4. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Many old buildings in Shanghai have been relocated. B. Shanghai is making great efforts to preserve old buildings. C. A 5-storey building in Shanghai “walks” to a new location. D. Citizens in Shanghai are shocked to see buildings relocated. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·河南周口恒大·期中） Betty Azar is a world famous expert on teaching English grammar. Here are some of her opinions. Why do students need to learn grammar? When teachers are deciding which grammar points to teach,they should first ask two questions. First,will understanding the point help students be understood—will it help them understand better?Next, will learning the grammar point help students be acceptable as English speakers? People usually think that grammar is all about memorizing rules. In fact,grammar is not just learning rules. It is a way to help students along the way to communication. Teachers should know that students do not all learn in the same way. Each may have a different learning style when it comes to learning grammar. Some may see a pattern and understand the rule. Others need explanations and more practice. “But to teach grammar as a subject matter and test it as though you were testing the memorization of dates in history is sure to bore everybody and not reach the goals that you are trying to reach—successful communication experiences.” Why do some teachers hate teaching grammar? Many teachers are not comfortable teaching grammar because they do not know how to answer their students' questions. “Most native speakers of English didn't learn it in school," she says. "If you don't know any grammar of your own language and then you are asked to teach it,it's possible that your students may know more grammar than you and you can’t answer their questions." Can teaching grammar really be fun? Teachers should learn to make the teaching of grammar fun. She says,"My students enjoy learning grammar as much as I enjoy teaching it. I think grammar is fascinating. It is the glue that holds language together. It is really beautiful when you get to know it. Grammar is quite a remarkable(不同寻常的) thing." 5. What should teachers do before teaching grammar points? A. Ask themselves questions. B. Develop a good teaching style. C. Find out students’ learning needs. D. Let students memorize some rules. 6. What does Betty Azar do? A. A student. B. A reporter. C. A teacher. D. A writer. 7. Betty Azar thinks grammar is_________ . A. boring B. beautiful C. hard to teach D. easy to learn 8. According to Betty Azar,______ . A. grammar should be taught as a subject B. native speakers don’t need to learn grammar C. different students learn grammar in different ways D. it’s useful to memorize rules when learning grammar Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） It was decades ago now, but it’s still one of the most memorable conversations of my life. On a long, slow train heading north, with nothing to do but watch the rain, the man sitting opposite began trying to talk to me. Like most young women who have learned the hard way to be careful of strangers, I was unfriendly. But curiosity took over when he said that he was just bored, and liked talking. So that’s what we did for hours and hours as the man turned out to be quite talkative. When the train finally pulled in, we didn’t swap numbers. However, I still think about it sometimes on long, boring journeys, before getting a phone out and scrolling silently like everyone else. It’s a rare person who can cheerfully break the social rule about not talking to strangers without any ill intention, but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it. And that’s why I can’t be in a position to query “Tube Chat” campaign launched to encourage Britons to talk to each other. All anyone is being asked to do is to start a conversation they wouldn’t otherwise have had —maybe with a friend from whom they’ve been apart or a neighbor they don’t know. Obviously, it takes more than a bit of small talk over garden fences to unite strangers together. More people live alone than did so a generation ago, and the rise in freelancing (自由职业) means more of us work alone too. We socialize increasingly through screens, sending texts instead of bothering to call. It’s true that the “Tube Chat” campaign of a few years back failed in its attempts to make Londoners talk to each other on public transport. But even city people who would normally die rather than make eye contact with strangers still happily gather in large numbers by the Thames for the New Year’s Eve fireworks. They would get a far better view at home on television —it’s not really about the fireworks, but about being part of something communal (公共的). There’s no guarantee that this latest campaign to reconnect will succeed wherever others have failed. But if there ever a moment to stop social disbelief it may start a fire to warm a world that sometimes feels cold. Wherever my train friend is now, I hope he’s still talking. 9. The author introduced her train friend to _________. A. share her most memorable but boring journey B. express her deep regret for losing touch with him C. show that talking to strangers can add interest to life D. explain why people are becoming indifferent 10. The underlined expression “be in a position to query” is closest in meaning to_________. A. be in doubt about B. be in support of C. be in confusion about D. be in disappointment with 11. The example of Londoners gathering for the New Year’s Eve fireworks is used to show that _________. A. “Tube Chat”, failed in its attempts to unite strangers together B. it’s hard to break the social rule about not talking to strangers C. people have a wish to be socially connected by nature D. “Tube Chat” made some difference to reconnecting people 12. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Keep our desire to connect. B. Avoid talking to strangers. C. Show respect for social disbelief D. Socialize with our friends. Passage 4 （23-24高二上·河南郑州钱学森·期中） The long-awaited return journey of female giant panda Ya Ya, who has lived in the Memphis Zoo in the US state of Tennessee for 20 years, finally started on Wednesday local time, according to media reports. The news resulted in heated cheers of Chinese netizens as they had been closely watching and looking forward to Ya Ya’s return for months over concerns about the giant panda’s health. Ya Ya had left the Memphis Zoo in Tennessee, the US, starting her journey back to China on Wednesday morning, the Xinhua News Agency reported. When asked about the latest progress on Ya Ya’s return journey, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said at the Wednesday press conference that Ya Ya would soon return to China as arranged. “Related parties in China and the US are actively promoting related preparations and arrangements,” Mao said. According to information released by Chinese flight tracking platform Feichangzhun, FedEx special flight FX9759 would take off at 12:05 p. m. on Wednesday US time from the Memphis airport for the Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The flight duration is estimated to be nearly 16 hours. Many netizens volunteered to go to the Shanghai Pudong Airport to welcome Ya Ya and Le Le. “I am sure there will be a crowd of people there for them! We all want to see them land in the motherland safely!” said a Weibo user. Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo in August 2000. In April 2003, as part of a cooperation program on the protection and research of giant pandas between China and the US, Ya Ya and Le Le, a male panda from the Shanghai Zoo, were flown to Memphis. Since the beginning of 2021, there have been continuous reports about the poor health conditions of Ya Ya and Le Le, with heart-wrenching photos surfacing online. After passing away of Le Le in February, pictures of the weak Ya Ya caused a stronger impact on the Chinese social media, leading many netizens to call for the early return of Ya Ya. 13. What can we infer from the text? A. Ya Ya is twenty years old now. B. Related parties care little about Ya Ya. C. Many netizens are very concerned about Ya Ya’s health. D. Ya Ya will reach Shanghai at about 4:00 a. m. on Thursday Beijing time. 14. What does the underlined word “released” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Changed. B. Announced. C. Developed. D. Achieved. 15. What made Ya Ya so weak in the USA? A. Le Le’s death. B. Missing her motherland. C. Too many people’s concern. D. No clear reason mentioned. 16. Where can this text come from? A. A news report. B. A travel journal. C. A science fiction. D. A popular magazine. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well-being by the end of the week. Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget-friendly eating. Julia’s grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week’s living. For the first five days, the mum’s breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost-effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day. By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget. Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia’s experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources. 17. Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge? A. To promote a new way of living. B. To test the quality of food at Walmart. C. To develop budget-friendly eating habits. D. To see if she could survive on a strict budget. 18. What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose? A. It was too complicated. B. It fitted her budget and nutrition. C. It was out of a random choice. D. It was full of her favourite staples. 19. How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge? A. By preparing less staples. B. By skipping breakfast. C. By snacking unnecessarily. D. By cooking more food each time. 20. How was Julia’s overall experience during the challenge? A. She ate well and felt satisfied. B. She struggled with her budget. C. She suffered hunger sometimes. D. She found it tough to continue. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州宇华·期中） Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance. His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi. Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds. Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in the central Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice. “The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles, Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other received 200,000 views. Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it more diverse and wonderful.” 21. What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance? A. Its potential to boost his career. B. Its mix of traditional and modern elements. C. Its graceful and light movements. D. Its true reflection of his elegant personality. 22. How does the author illustrate the popularity of Filippi’s videos? A. By listing numbers. B. By giving an example. C. By sharing a story. D. By making a comparison. 23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Filippi thinks little of learning from other cultures. B. People prefer to write down their past experiences. C. Accepting various cultures boosts personal growth. D. A book with chapters on traditions is more wonderful. 24. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Chinese-styled dance videos go viral on social media. B. An Italian’s dance journey towards specialization starts. C. Filippi’s desire for Chinese culture extends beyond dance. D. An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南驻马店·期中） About 15 years ago, when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association. At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age. Let’s face it: children today have to learn and adapt to a more technological society, one where if you’re not a peak performer you’re just not well received. Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 10—20 years ago. They’re given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras. They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games… How hard can that be? I, for one, think that today’s child is missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology. What type of people skills are they learning? They can thumb type faster than any other generation before them, but they can’t pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation. There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day. Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy. But now I don’t see many children there after school, nor on the weekend. Has the playground gone from our children’s life? I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw a shoe at me when I say play doesn’t always need to have a purpose. And it doesn’t always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today’s world, the children have to be experts at multitasking, and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame. 25. Why was the author concerned? A. The children didn’t learn much at school. B. The parents’ opinions were not valued by schools. C. The new curriculum was too advanced for the children. D. The children were not interested in the new curriculum. 26. What should children learn according to the author? A. How to adapt to a technological society. B. How to communicate with others. C. How to work for toys and extras. D. How to make a telephone call. 27. Which of the following would the author agree with? A. Children’s play should be well designed. B. Play and learning should go hand in hand. C. The multitasking ability is more important than play. D. Children should be allowed to play purposelessly. 28. What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph? A. Disagree with. B. Laugh at. C. Accept. D. Hit. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 29. What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 30. What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 31. What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 32. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州宇华·期中） Over five decades after being captured, Lolita, the star orca (虎鲸) in Miami Seaquarium, will finally be able to bid adieu to her tiny tank in Florida and return to her home waters of the Pacific Northwest to live out the rest of her days. Lolita, also known as Tokitae or Toki, is a 57-year-old female orca from the now-endangered southern resident orcas that live in the North Pacific Ocean and Washington State’s Puget Sound. Lolita has lived at Miami Seaquarium since 1970, after she was captured from the waters of Puget Sound at 4 years old. Since then, Lolita has performed tricks in the aquarium pool until March 2022, when she was retired from public shows. She is currently the second oldest orca in captivity behind Corky, a 58-year-old male who lives at SeaWorld San Diego. The aquarium announced it will begin the process of returning the orca to her natural habitat in the next two years. But Lolita’s age and the fact that she’s lived in captivity for decades and is unable to find food on her own could complicate her release back into the wild. “In a plan set to take up to two years, she will be first transported by plane to an ocean conservation area in the waters between Washington State and Canada, where trainers will teach her how to catch fish inside a large net,” said Mr. Colby, an environmental historian. “She will also have to build up her muscles, as orcas typically swim about 160 kilometers per day.” One of the organizations campaigning for her release is PETA. “If Lolita is finally returned to her home waters, there will be cheers from around the world,” the group said in a statement sent to Newsweek. “It’ll offer her long-awaited relief after five miserable decades in a narrow tank and send a clear signal to other parks that the days of confining highly intelligent, far-ranging sea animals to prisons are ended.” 33. What do the underlined words “bid adieu to” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Burst on to. B. Give way to. C. Say goodbye to. D. Breath through. 34. What do we know about Lolita according to paragraph 2? A. She was retired due to aging problems. B. She is the world’s oldest female orca in captivity. C. She enjoys performing tricks in the aquarium pool. D. She has lived at SeaWorld San Diego for over 50 years. 35. What does Mr. Colby convey in his words? A. Lolita will be merely trained to live in the ocean. B. Lolita’s condition has made her release into the wild tricky. C. It is complicated to find a suitable natural habitat for Lolita. D. Lolita will spend the rest of her life in the ocean conservation area. 36. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Challenges of Saving Lolita B. The Victory of Lolita’s Retirement C. Lolita: Set to Be Freed to Home Waters D. Lolita: The Most Intelligent Orca in the World Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南濮阳·期中） A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. Students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have been working on solar-powered cars for years. In order to create a car that could deal with the kind of tough driving, the students had to design the entire car, from top to bottom. On top, of course, were the solar panels (电池板) . Most solar panels are only about 20% efficient. That means they waste about 80% of the sunlight they get. But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph. The car weighs just 2, 600 pounds. That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test— a challenging 620-mile (1, 000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across desert sand and up mountain roads. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. But despite their success, the students think it will take five to ten years before car companies are able to build a similar car. “We are pushing the technology forward,” said Wisse Bos, the team's manager. 37. What do we know about Stella Terra? A. It is a self-driving car. B. It has high energy efficiency. C. It is the first solar-powered car. D. It is not allowed to run on the road. 38. What effect does the suspension system have on the car? A. It increases the car’s speed. B. It reduces the car’s weight. C. It makes the car run smoothly. D. It improves the car’s energy efficiency. 39. How do the students respond to car companies’ copying their ideas? A. They are worried about it. B. They are protective of their design. C. They are planning to re-evaluate their design. D. They are happy to see car companies adopt their ideas. 40. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Solar-Powered Cars Have a Long History B. Students Create a Tough Solar-Powered Car C. Solar-Powered Cars Are the Future of Transportation D. Efficient Solar-Powered Cars Have Reached Customers 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 41. What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A. The power of AI. B. The threat from humans. C. The customer requirements. D. The tips on language learning. 42. What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A. Winning the trust of customers. B. Responding to customers faster. C. Selling more products to customers. D. Having a great relationship with Shah. 43. What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A. Take on other duties. B. Leave their company. C. Move to HongKong. D. Develop latest chatbots. 44. What is the best title for the text? A. How Will AI Change Our Lives? B. How Should We Use AI Effectively? C. Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D. What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南新乡·期中） 2023 was a “breakout year” for artificial intelligence (AI). Following the release of AI at the end of 2022, machine learning has increasingly been in the public eye. AI made its way into courtrooms, music and art this year, raising a lot of concerns from the public. In the field of science, the cutting-edge technology is paving the way toward new discoveries and more advanced processing of data. Several groups of researchers experimented with having AI algorithms generate words, images and even music based on people’s brain scans—a technique that, in the end, could help stroke patients and paralyzed people to communicate with other people by thinking. Machine learning has helped in conservation, such as by tracking migrating birds — the AI-powered tool BirdCast can warn people of an incoming wave of migrants, which may help prevent disease, inform Lights Out programs to reduce window strikes, and remind bird watchers of large groups of birds in their area. Scientists are also developing AI tools that can identify species based only on a photograph, distinguish between similar-looking mushrooms or recognize a bird species from its song. Inspired by the way, a famous AI company follows patterns in language to generate words, and researchers have experimented with translating whale sounds using AI. At the same time, experts warned this year the public of the need to regulate the rapidly advancing technology. For example, Geoffrey Hinton, a machine learning pioneer, quit his job in May so that he could speak more freely about his worries about AI’s future. Experts have raised concerns that AI could spread misinformation, manipulate humans and influence the job market badly if it is completely out of control. But innovation continues after all, and it seems likely that researchers will increasingly use AI to attempt breakthroughs in many fields. 45. What does the underlined word “cutting-edge” in the first paragraph probably mean? A. Abnormal. B. Advanced. C. Outdated. D. Curious. 46. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The development of AI in history. B. The negative or harmful side of AI. C. The advantages and disadvantages of AI. D. The application of AI in various fields. 47. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. AI development has stopped. B. Experts only see positive outcomes from AI. C. Despite concerns, AI research will continue. D. Geoffrey Hinton supports uncontrolled AI. 48. Why do experts find it necessary to regulate the AI? A. It may do harm to health. B. It may lead to pollution. C. It may result in unemployment. D. It may make people become dishonest. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） Tipping points, also known as critical transitions (转变), are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything in our life. The financial crisis of 2007-09 is often described as one. So is the moment that covid-19 went global. Anyone can spot a tipping point after it’s been crossed. But it is extremely difficult to spot them before they happen. Computer scientists in China now show that artificial intelligence (AI) can help. In a recent study, the researchers accurately predicted the beginning of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法). It could help solve real-world problems, such as predicting floods and power failure. To simplify their calculations, the team reduced all such problems to ones taking place within a large network of interacting nodes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, for example, a node might represent a company. The team then designed two artificial neural (神经的) networks to analyze such systems. To train their model, the researchers firstly turned to simplified theoretical systems in which tipping points are known to occur. Once the model could predict these transitions, it was applied to the real-world problem of how tropical forests turn to savannah (稀树草原). This has happened many times on Earth, but the details remain mysterious. The researchers first analyzed the data from three central African regions in the past 20 years and identified the tipping points. They then wanted to see if training their algorithm on data from two of these regions could enable it to correctly predict a transition point in the third. It could. The team then asked the algorithm to identify the conditions that drove the shift. The answer was, as expected, down to annual rainfall. But the AI was able to go further. The AI detailed that a slight decrease in rainfall from 1, 800 mm to 1, 630 mm led to a minor 5% drop in tree cover, but a further decrease to 1, 620 mm caused a significant 30% drop. This would be a textbook critical transition. And by predicting it from the raw data, the researchers say they have broken new ground in this field. The team are now trying to discover what specific features the Al identifies to make these predictions, which could help better predict everything from infectious outbreaks to the next stock market crash. 49. How did the team simplify the calculations? A. By limiting the problems within a large network. B. By focusing on the individual elements in a network. C. By transforming the problems into ones in a network. D. By reducing the number of problems in each network. 50. Why was the algorithm trained on data from two central African regions? A. To improve its ability of prediction. B. To check its analysis of the data. C. To perfect its solutions to problems. D. To test the accuracy of its prediction. 51. What breakthrough did the AI make in the study? A. It revealed the idea that tipping points are predictable. B. It identified a critical transition point in the tree cover. C. It confirmed previous theories about rainfall and tree cover. D. It predicted the future expansion of savannahs in central Africa. 52. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A. The Analysis of Rainfall: AI and Tree Cover B. Spotting Tipping Points: A Big Challenge for AI C. Machine Learning: Predicting Critical Moment D. Critical Transitions: The Key to Making Predictions 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 53. Why are some people concerned about AI? A. It may outsmart humans. B. It has led to social problems. C. It has been applied widely. D. It is the product of humanity. 54. How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A. By stirring emotions. B. By blocking functions. C. By setting restrictions. D. By changing regulations. 55. What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean? A. Undesirable. B. Unavoidable. C. Unpredictable. D. Unbelievable. 56. What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A. Accept it passively. B. Deal with it positively. C. Respond to it randomly. D. Defend it unconditionally. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·河南名校联盟·期中） The dust settled earlier this week after attendees at the annual Burning Man festival were finally given the green light to leave after heavy rains turned the event grounds into a muddy pool that prevented tens of thousands of people from driving out. Festival goers were told to save food and water until the ground dried sufficiently for cars, trucks, and RVs to drive on. For some, the uncooperative weather may remain only an unfortunate footnote in the storied history of this increasingly popular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But for others, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannot escape from the cruel realities of global warming. One of Burning Man’s most well-known principles is to “leave no trace (痕迹)”, where partygoers are encouraged to pick up every bit of pieces and “matter that is out of place” in order to leave the site in a good state. However, despite attendees’ efforts to leave no trace on the site itself, local residents in the nearest town, have spoken out about how their town has become a junkyard after the event. Then, there are the scientists who say that the site’s delicate (脆弱的) ecosystem is put under great pressure each year. Though the pale sands of the desert may seem like they don’t support much life, it’s actually an ancient, dried lakebed that reawakens under rain. In fact, during the festival’s opening, a climate organization blocked traffic temporarily from entering the festival grounds, whose aim was to draw attention to the fact that the event produces about 100,000 tons of CO₂ a year—90% of that coming from travel as people drive and fly to reach the festival. Though Burning Man has taken measures to make the festival greener, some protesters (抗议者) are pointing out that it’s simply not enough. Burning Man as a phenomenon has clearly reached a crossroads. Given the real environmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time for organizers and community members to rethink how the festival continues going forward. 57. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. The storied history. B. The bad weather. C. The huge event. D. The global warming. 58. What can be learned from paragraph 3? A. The partygoers are not responsible at all. B. Burning Man has set up the most famous principle. C. Local residents often have an argument with attendees. D. There is a gap between the organizers’ wishes and reality. 59. Why did the climate organization prevent the entry of traffic? A. To reduce the risks of car accidents. B. To limit the number of attendees. C. To attract people’s attention to the festival. D. To raise people’s awareness of the carbon footprint. 60. What can be the best title for the text? A. It Is Time to Rethink Burning Man B. Burning Man Is Losing Its Appeal C. Global Warming Is Ruining Our Life D. Burning Man Met Heavy Rain 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·河南创新联盟·期中） Austrian-based food-tech startup Revo Foods announced this week that its 3D-printed vegan fish filet (素食鱼片) was heading to European grocery store shelves — a first for 3D-printed food. According to the company’s September 12 press release, the arrival of the “Filet” represents a key moment in sustainable food, with 3D-printed consumables ready for industrial mass production. Revo Foods Filet is likely to be just the first of many other such 3D-printed edible (可食用的) products to soon hit the market. “Despite dramatic losses of coral reefs and increasing levels of poisons and micro plastic polluting fish, consumer demand for seafood has skyrocketed in recent decades,” the company announcement explains, “One promising solution to provide consumers with sustainable alternatives that do not contribute to overfishing is vegan seafood. The key to the success of these products lies in recreating a real taste that appeals to consumers.” The composition of the Filet provides a meat-like texture (口感). 12 ingredients (成分) compose Revo’s Filet, such as pea proteins, plant oils and algae extracts. With its high protein and Ornega-3 contents, eating a Revo Filet is still very much like eating regular salmon. And thanks to its plant-based ingredients, the Filet has a three week shelf life, a significant improvement over regular salmon products. “With the milestone of industrial-scale 3D food printing, we are entering a creative food revolution, an era where food is being made exactly according to the customers’ needs,” Revo Foods CEO Robin Simsa said via this week’s announcement. While Revo’s products are currently only available for European markets, the company says it is actively working to expand its availability across the globe, with Simsa telling PopSci the company hopes to enter US markets around 2025. 61. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. Revo’s Filet will be eco-friendly. B. Revo Foods is popular in Europe. C. Edible fish have decreased sharply. D. Most people refuse to accept seafood. 62. What is special about Revo’s Filet? A. It is a kind of seafood. B. It has a longer shelf life. C. It has the same taste as salmon. D. It has no food quality problems. 63. What is Simsa’s attitude to the future of 3D-printed food? A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed. C. Optimistic. D. Worried. 64. What is the text? A. A short story. B. A research paper. C. An advertisement. D. A news report. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河师大附中·期中） Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near because of the poor ecological state of the planet. Actually change has already begun through climate changes, but most humans haven’t noticed this yet. Climate change has begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the next few years. As the planet is under big geological (地质的) stresses, which are continuously increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population. Shortage of resources, over-farming, lack of clean air, not enough clean drinking water and drought are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future. Humans have caused large ecological destruction. The lifestyles of many people are changing at a fast speed; however, this will finally result in a shortage of some valuable resources. When this shortage begins to happen, people will no longer be able to have sustainable (可持续的) lifestyles. It’s important to understand that everyone plays a role in the whole process of life. Each person’s decision can finally affect the future. These decisions, all combined, can have a very good effect on what the future will be like for humans. So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment. While more and more people are becoming aware of climate change and other environmental problems related to global warming, not all are fully understanding how far-reaching its effects will be. Unfortunately, most of the humans realize that the planet isn’t functioning well, but they don’t understand that this is creating a major problem for the future survival of humans. So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future 65. What do we know about climate change from the text? A. It is not casy for people to understand. B. It is expected to become worse soon. C. It is mainly caused by natural disasters. D. It is well realized by most humans. 66. What are paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A. Resources humans are running out of. B. Healthy lifestyles humans need to lead. C. Problems humans will be faced with. D. Geological changes humans have caused. 67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to contribute to a sustainable future. B. To inform people the planet isn’t functioning properly. C. To warn people of the danger of ecological destruction. D. To tell people the right way to obtain enough resources. 68. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Causes of Planetary Changes B. The Influence of Ecological Destruction C. Ways to Build a Sustainable Future D. Environmental Damage and the Human Future Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南焦作·期中） Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death? The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system. Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life. Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles. Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease)? An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI? Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system. 69. What can be learned about the car accident? A. It is the first case related to an AI system. B. No one survived the terrible car accident. C. It was mainly caused by the self-driving system. D. The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison. 70. What does the author try to stress by giving the two examples in paragraph 2? A. The AI-based systems are often reliable. B. The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives. C. The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly. D. The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI. 71. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. AI mistakes have no effect on its users. B. AI failures appear more often than not. C. Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem. D. Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems. 72. What can be the best title for the text? A. Who Is Responsible When AI Kills? B. How Can We Make AI Systems Safer? C. What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems? D. What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南信高贤岭校区·期中） Shanghai residents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu District earlier this month might be surprised to catch an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground — in its entirety — and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine”. In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers attached nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-storey building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which alternately (交替地) rise up and down, imitating the human stride. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward. In recent decades, China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings razed to clear land for grand skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage lost as a result of tear-down across the country. Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “shikumen” (or “stone gate”) houses in the renovated Xintiandi neighborhood have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou District, in what was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date. The Lagena Primary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, posed a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, whereas previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”. Citizens welcome and appreciate the efforts made by the municipal government to protect these old buildings. In their eyes, not only are the old buildings part of their memory but they also represent part of Shanghai’s history. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. A “walking building” can often be seen in Shanghai. B. The 85-year-old building is called “walking machine”. C. The 85-year-old building is the first building to be relocated. D. Engineers relocated the building without breaking it into parts. 2. Which are excluded from the project of relocating the building? A. Mobile supports. B. Robotic legs. C. Attached sensors. D. Technical engineers. 3. The author shows Shanghai’s success in protecting historic buildings by ______. A. listing figures B. giving reasons C. making comparisons D. providing examples 4. What is probably the best title for the passage? A. Many old buildings in Shanghai have been relocated. B. Shanghai is making great efforts to preserve old buildings. C. A 5-storey building in Shanghai “walks” to a new location. D. Citizens in Shanghai are shocked to see buildings relocated. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了上海使用技术将一所学校完整移动到新地方，保护了历史建筑。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Shanghai residents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu District earlier this month might be surprised to catch an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground — in its entirety — and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine”.(本月早些时候，经过上海东部黄浦区的上海居民可能会惊讶地看到一个不同寻常的景象：一座“行走”的建筑。一所拥有85年历史的小学已经全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了搬迁。)”可知，一所小学通过使用“步行机”技术进行平移搬迁，由此可推测出，工程师在不用拆分建筑的情况下将其迁移。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers attached nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-storey building.(在该市保护历史建筑的最新努力中，工程师们在五层楼的建筑下安装了近200个移动支架。)”和“Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward.(附加的传感器有助于控制建筑物的前进方式。)”可知，搬动建筑的项目包含了技术工程师的努力、移动支架和附加传感器的使用。B项“机器腿”不在其中。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “shikumen” (or “stone gate”) houses in the renovated Xintiandi neighborhood have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou District, in what was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.(在遗产保护方面，上海可以说是中国最进步的城市。在著名的外滩区，许多20世纪30年代的建筑和经过翻新的新天地街区19世纪的“石库门”房屋的幸存，为如何赋予老建筑新的生命提供了例子。该市也有搬迁旧建筑的记录。2018年，该市搬迁了虹口区一栋有90年历史的建筑，这被认为是上海迄今为止最复杂的搬迁项目。)”可知，作者通过举例子的方式展示了上海在保护历史建筑的成功。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Shanghai residents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu District earlier this month might be surprised to catch an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground — in its entirety — and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine”.(本月早些时候，经过上海东部黄浦区的上海居民可能会惊讶地看到一个不同寻常的景象：一座“行走”的建筑。一所拥有85年历史的小学已经全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了搬迁。)”可知，本文主要通过上海运用技术完整搬迁一所学校引出话题，讲述了上海在保护历史建筑方面的努力，所以C项“上海一栋5层楼的建筑“步行”到一个新的地点”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·河南周口恒大·期中） Betty Azar is a world famous expert on teaching English grammar. Here are some of her opinions. Why do students need to learn grammar? When teachers are deciding which grammar points to teach,they should first ask two questions. First,will understanding the point help students be understood—will it help them understand better?Next, will learning the grammar point help students be acceptable as English speakers? People usually think that grammar is all about memorizing rules. In fact,grammar is not just learning rules. It is a way to help students along the way to communication. Teachers should know that students do not all learn in the same way. Each may have a different learning style when it comes to learning grammar. Some may see a pattern and understand the rule. Others need explanations and more practice. “But to teach grammar as a subject matter and test it as though you were testing the memorization of dates in history is sure to bore everybody and not reach the goals that you are trying to reach—successful communication experiences.” Why do some teachers hate teaching grammar? Many teachers are not comfortable teaching grammar because they do not know how to answer their students' questions. “Most native speakers of English didn't learn it in school," she says. "If you don't know any grammar of your own language and then you are asked to teach it,it's possible that your students may know more grammar than you and you can’t answer their questions." Can teaching grammar really be fun? Teachers should learn to make the teaching of grammar fun. She says,"My students enjoy learning grammar as much as I enjoy teaching it. I think grammar is fascinating. It is the glue that holds language together. It is really beautiful when you get to know it. Grammar is quite a remarkable(不同寻常的) thing." 5. What should teachers do before teaching grammar points? A. Ask themselves questions. B. Develop a good teaching style. C. Find out students’ learning needs. D. Let students memorize some rules. 6. What does Betty Azar do? A. A student. B. A reporter. C. A teacher. D. A writer. 7. Betty Azar thinks grammar is_________ . A. boring B. beautiful C. hard to teach D. easy to learn 8. According to Betty Azar,______ . A. grammar should be taught as a subject B. native speakers don’t need to learn grammar C. different students learn grammar in different ways D. it’s useful to memorize rules when learning grammar 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了语法专家Betty Azar对老师教语法的一些看法。 5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“When teachers are deciding which grammar points to teach，they should first ask two questions.”（ 当老师决定教哪些语法点时，他们应该首先问两个问题。）可知，老师首先应该问自己两个问题。故选A。 6.推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Betty Azar is a world famous expert on teaching English grammar.”（ 贝蒂·阿扎是世界著名的英语语法教学专家。）和最后一段的“She says，‘My students enjoy learning grammar as much as I enjoy teaching it...’”（ 她说:“我的学生喜欢学习语法，就像我喜欢教语法一样。”）可知， Betty Azar是一位老师。故选C。 7.细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“It is really beautiful when you get to know it.”（ “当你了解它的时候，它真的很美。”）可知，Betty Azar认为语法是美好的。故选B。 8.细节理解题。根据第五段前两句“Teachers should know that students do not all learn in the same way. Each may have a different learning style when it comes to learning grammar.”（老师应该知道学生的学习方法并不都是一样的。在学习语法的时候，每个人都有不同的学习方式。）可知，不同的学生学习语法的方法不尽相同。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） It was decades ago now, but it’s still one of the most memorable conversations of my life. On a long, slow train heading north, with nothing to do but watch the rain, the man sitting opposite began trying to talk to me. Like most young women who have learned the hard way to be careful of strangers, I was unfriendly. But curiosity took over when he said that he was just bored, and liked talking. So that’s what we did for hours and hours as the man turned out to be quite talkative. When the train finally pulled in, we didn’t swap numbers. However, I still think about it sometimes on long, boring journeys, before getting a phone out and scrolling silently like everyone else. It’s a rare person who can cheerfully break the social rule about not talking to strangers without any ill intention, but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it. And that’s why I can’t be in a position to query “Tube Chat” campaign launched to encourage Britons to talk to each other. All anyone is being asked to do is to start a conversation they wouldn’t otherwise have had —maybe with a friend from whom they’ve been apart or a neighbor they don’t know. Obviously, it takes more than a bit of small talk over garden fences to unite strangers together. More people live alone than did so a generation ago, and the rise in freelancing (自由职业) means more of us work alone too. We socialize increasingly through screens, sending texts instead of bothering to call. It’s true that the “Tube Chat” campaign of a few years back failed in its attempts to make Londoners talk to each other on public transport. But even city people who would normally die rather than make eye contact with strangers still happily gather in large numbers by the Thames for the New Year’s Eve fireworks. They would get a far better view at home on television —it’s not really about the fireworks, but about being part of something communal (公共的). There’s no guarantee that this latest campaign to reconnect will succeed wherever others have failed. But if there ever a moment to stop social disbelief it may start a fire to warm a world that sometimes feels cold. Wherever my train friend is now, I hope he’s still talking. 9. The author introduced her train friend to _________. A. share her most memorable but boring journey B. express her deep regret for losing touch with him C. show that talking to strangers can add interest to life D. explain why people are becoming indifferent 10. The underlined expression “be in a position to query” is closest in meaning to_________. A. be in doubt about B. be in support of C. be in confusion about D. be in disappointment with 11. The example of Londoners gathering for the New Year’s Eve fireworks is used to show that _________. A. “Tube Chat”, failed in its attempts to unite strangers together B. it’s hard to break the social rule about not talking to strangers C. people have a wish to be socially connected by nature D. “Tube Chat” made some difference to reconnecting people 12. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Keep our desire to connect. B. Avoid talking to strangers. C. Show respect for social disbelief D. Socialize with our friends. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己一次火车上和陌生人聊天的愉快经历告诉我们，我们要有和别人交流的想法，这样我们的生活会更有趣。 9.推理判断题。根据文章第一句“It was decades ago now, but it’s still one of the most memorable conversations of my life. (那是几十年前的事了，但它仍然是我一生中最难忘的谈话之一。)”以及文章第二段“but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it.(但是如果我们中的更多人知道如何去做，生活会更有趣。)”可知，由此推知，作者介绍自己火车上的朋友，目的是告诉我们与陌生人交谈可以增加生活趣味。故选C。 10.词义猜测题。根据上一段“It’s a rare person who can cheerfully break the social rule about not talking to strangers without any ill intention, but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it. (很少有人能毫无恶意地打破不与陌生人说话的社会规则，但如果我们中有更多的人知道如何做到这一点，生活将会更有趣。)”再结合划线单词所在句的内容““Tube Chat” campaign launched to encourage Britons to talk to each other.(这项名为“地铁聊天”的活动旨在鼓励英国人互相交谈。)”可知，此处划线单词“be in a position to query”的意思是“怀疑”，因为作者认为和陌生人可能会有趣，所以作者不怀疑这项活动。故选A。 11.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But even city people who would normally die rather than make eye contact with strangers still happily gather in large numbers by the Thames for the New Year’s Eve fireworks.(但是，即使是那些通常宁愿死也不愿与陌生人目光接触的城市人，也仍然欢天喜地地聚集在泰晤士河边，观看除夕烟花。)”可知，从本性上来看，人们希望与社会有联系。故选C。 12.主旨大意题。结合第一段“It was decades ago now, but it’s still one of the most memorable conversations of my life.(那是几十年前的事了，但它仍然是我一生中最难忘的谈话之一。)”可知，作者结合自身的经历和一项社会活动“Tube Chat”来告诉我们，我们要有和别人交流的想法，这样我们的生活会更有趣，选项A：Keep our desire to connect.(保持联系的欲望)，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24高二上·河南郑州钱学森·期中） The long-awaited return journey of female giant panda Ya Ya, who has lived in the Memphis Zoo in the US state of Tennessee for 20 years, finally started on Wednesday local time, according to media reports. The news resulted in heated cheers of Chinese netizens as they had been closely watching and looking forward to Ya Ya’s return for months over concerns about the giant panda’s health. Ya Ya had left the Memphis Zoo in Tennessee, the US, starting her journey back to China on Wednesday morning, the Xinhua News Agency reported. When asked about the latest progress on Ya Ya’s return journey, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said at the Wednesday press conference that Ya Ya would soon return to China as arranged. “Related parties in China and the US are actively promoting related preparations and arrangements,” Mao said. According to information released by Chinese flight tracking platform Feichangzhun, FedEx special flight FX9759 would take off at 12:05 p. m. on Wednesday US time from the Memphis airport for the Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The flight duration is estimated to be nearly 16 hours. Many netizens volunteered to go to the Shanghai Pudong Airport to welcome Ya Ya and Le Le. “I am sure there will be a crowd of people there for them! We all want to see them land in the motherland safely!” said a Weibo user. Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo in August 2000. In April 2003, as part of a cooperation program on the protection and research of giant pandas between China and the US, Ya Ya and Le Le, a male panda from the Shanghai Zoo, were flown to Memphis. Since the beginning of 2021, there have been continuous reports about the poor health conditions of Ya Ya and Le Le, with heart-wrenching photos surfacing online. After passing away of Le Le in February, pictures of the weak Ya Ya caused a stronger impact on the Chinese social media, leading many netizens to call for the early return of Ya Ya. 13. What can we infer from the text? A. Ya Ya is twenty years old now. B. Related parties care little about Ya Ya. C. Many netizens are very concerned about Ya Ya’s health. D. Ya Ya will reach Shanghai at about 4:00 a. m. on Thursday Beijing time. 14. What does the underlined word “released” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Changed. B. Announced. C. Developed. D. Achieved. 15. What made Ya Ya so weak in the USA? A. Le Le’s death. B. Missing her motherland. C. Too many people’s concern. D. No clear reason mentioned. 16. Where can this text come from? A. A news report. B. A travel journal. C. A science fiction. D. A popular magazine. 【答案】13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在美国生活了20年的雌性大熊猫丫丫在全国人民的关注下已经启动回国之旅。 13.推理判断题。根据第一段的“ The news resulted in heated cheers of Chinese netizens as they had been closely watching and looking forward to Ya Ya’s return for months over concerns about the giant panda’s health.（这一消息引起了中国网民的热烈欢呼，因为他们几个月来一直在密切关注并期待丫丫的回归，因为他们担心大熊猫的健康）”可知，很多网友都很关心丫丫的健康，故选C。 14.词义猜测题。根据第三段的“According to information released by Chinese flight tracking platform Feichangzhun, FedEx special flight FX9759 would take off at 12:05 p. m. on Wednesday US time from the Memphis airport for the Shanghai Pudong International Airport. （根据中国航班追踪平台“飞常准”release的消息，联邦快递FX9759航班将于美国时间周三下午12:05从孟菲斯机场起飞，飞往上海浦东国际机场） ”可知，by后面是消息的来源，即该消息是由中国航班追踪平台“飞常准”发布的消息，因此announced（宣布，宣告）一词可以解释划线词，故选B。 15.细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章并没有提到是什么原因让大熊猫丫丫在美国如此地虚弱，A项（乐乐的死），B项（想念她的祖国），C项（太多人关心了）都不能成为其原因，故选D。 16.推理判断题。根据第一段的“The long-awaited return journey of female giant panda Ya Ya, who has lived in the Memphis Zoo in the US state of Tennessee for 20 years, finally started on Wednesday local time, according to media reports. （据媒体报道，在美国田纳西州孟菲斯动物园生活了20年的雌性大熊猫丫丫终于在当地时间周三开始了人们期待已久的回归之旅）”推知，文章来自一篇新闻报道，故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well-being by the end of the week. Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget-friendly eating. Julia’s grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week’s living. For the first five days, the mum’s breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost-effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day. By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget. Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia’s experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources. 17. Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge? A. To promote a new way of living. B. To test the quality of food at Walmart. C. To develop budget-friendly eating habits. D. To see if she could survive on a strict budget. 18. What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose? A. It was too complicated. B. It fitted her budget and nutrition. C. It was out of a random choice. D. It was full of her favourite staples. 19. How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge? A. By preparing less staples. B. By skipping breakfast. C. By snacking unnecessarily. D. By cooking more food each time. 20. How was Julia’s overall experience during the challenge? A. She ate well and felt satisfied. B. She struggled with her budget. C. She suffered hunger sometimes. D. She found it tough to continue. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美食视频博主Julia Pacheco挑战用10美元维持包括所有餐食的一周生活，以测试预算紧张的可行性和对健康的影响。通过精心挑选食材，大量烹饪和储存食物减少浪费，她证明了在有限预算下也能保持健康饮食。 17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. (美食视频博主Julia Pacheco接受了一项雄心勃勃挑战，看看她能否仅用10美元维持自己一周的生活，包括从早餐到晚餐的所有膳食)”可知，Julia接受10美元的挑战，目的是看看她能否在严格的预算下生存下来。故选D项。 18.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Julia’s journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. (Julia的旅程始于沃尔玛的一次有策略的购物之旅，在那里她仔细挑选关键原料，以最大限度地提高她的预算和营养摄入量)”可知，Julia选择的购物清单符合她的预算和营养。故选B项。 19.细节理解题。根据第五段中“By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. (通过烹饪大量食物并储存起来以备后用，她将浪费降到最低，并确保她总是准备好一顿饭，减少了不必要零食欲望)”可知，通过每次烹饪更多的食物，Julia成功地减少了浪费。故选D项。 20.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it’s possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. (整个星期，她觉得很饱，很满足，这证明即使预算紧张，也可以保持健康的饮食)”可知，在整个挑战过程中，Julia吃得很好，很满足。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州宇华·期中） Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance. His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi. Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds. Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in the central Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice. “The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles, Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other received 200,000 views. Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it more diverse and wonderful.” 21. What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance? A. Its potential to boost his career. B. Its mix of traditional and modern elements. C. Its graceful and light movements. D. Its true reflection of his elegant personality. 22. How does the author illustrate the popularity of Filippi’s videos? A. By listing numbers. B. By giving an example. C. By sharing a story. D. By making a comparison. 23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Filippi thinks little of learning from other cultures. B. People prefer to write down their past experiences. C. Accepting various cultures boosts personal growth. D. A book with chapters on traditions is more wonderful. 24. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Chinese-styled dance videos go viral on social media. B. An Italian’s dance journey towards specialization starts. C. Filippi’s desire for Chinese culture extends beyond dance. D. An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccolo Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。 21.细节理解题。根据第二段的““I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi.(Filippi说：“我认为这是一种结合了传统与现代的艺术，这也是我喜欢它的主要原因。”)”可知，Filippi爱上中国传统舞蹈的主要原因是它融合了传统和现代元素。故选B。 22.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500, 000 views, while the other received 200, 000 views.(他的两个朋友在社交媒体上分享了他的表演视频，反响非常热烈。其中一个视频获得了50万次观看，而另一个则获得了20万次观看)”可推知，作者通过列出数字说明Filippi的视频的受欢迎程度。故选A。 23.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth.(Filippi认为学习不同的文化是无价的，他认为这是个人成长的一种方式)”可推知，从最后一段可以推断出接受不同的文化能促进个人成长。故选C。 24.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME— Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance.(23岁的意大利舞蹈演员Niccolo Filippi在舞池ROME里呆了十多年，最近他决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野)”可知，本文主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccolo Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。由此可知，D选项“An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance.(一位意大利舞者对中国风格的舞蹈表现出热情)”能够概括本文主旨。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南驻马店·期中） About 15 years ago, when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association. At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age. Let’s face it: children today have to learn and adapt to a more technological society, one where if you’re not a peak performer you’re just not well received. Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 10—20 years ago. They’re given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras. They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games… How hard can that be? I, for one, think that today’s child is missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology. What type of people skills are they learning? They can thumb type faster than any other generation before them, but they can’t pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation. There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day. Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy. But now I don’t see many children there after school, nor on the weekend. Has the playground gone from our children’s life? I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw a shoe at me when I say play doesn’t always need to have a purpose. And it doesn’t always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today’s world, the children have to be experts at multitasking, and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame. 25. Why was the author concerned? A. The children didn’t learn much at school. B. The parents’ opinions were not valued by schools. C. The new curriculum was too advanced for the children. D. The children were not interested in the new curriculum. 26. What should children learn according to the author? A. How to adapt to a technological society. B. How to communicate with others. C. How to work for toys and extras. D. How to make a telephone call. 27. Which of the following would the author agree with? A. Children’s play should be well designed. B. Play and learning should go hand in hand. C. The multitasking ability is more important than play. D. Children should be allowed to play purposelessly. 28. What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph? A. Disagree with. B. Laugh at. C. Accept. D. Hit. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，现在的孩子生活富足，却缺少适当的体育锻炼和玩耍，沉迷于科技，却缺少跟人交流的能力，作者通过本文呼吁还给孩子真正的童年。 25.细节理解题。由第一段中的“At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age. (在其中一次月会上，讨论的主题是密歇根州提出的新课程。在那次会议上表达了许多关切，其中就有我自己的关切。我担心的是，孩子们正在学习的东西，曾经是在很晚的年龄才学会的东西)”可知，作者认为学校引进的课程超出了孩子的水平（该课程应该是孩子大些才能学习的课程），这是作者感到担忧的事情。故选C项。 26.推理判断题。由第三段中的“What type of people skills are they learning? They can thumb type faster than any other generation before them, but they can’t pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation. (他们在学习什么类型的人际交往技能？他们打字的速度比他们之前的任何一代人都快，但他们无法拿起电话进行真正深入的交谈)”可知，当今孩子沉湎于电子科技，缺乏与人交流的能力，可得出作者认为孩子们应该学会如何与他人沟通。故选B项。 27.推理判断题。由最后一段中“I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw a shoe at me when I say play doesn’t always need to have a purpose. And it doesn’t always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today’s world, the children have to be experts at multitasking, and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame. (我知道很多老师，其中一些是我的朋友，当我说游戏并不总是有目的的时候，他们可能会向我扔鞋。而且它并不总是需要包含一个教学模块。要想在当今世界竞争，孩子们必须是多任务处理方面的专家，并且在任何时候都处于游戏的顶端。对此，我认为这是一种耻辱)”可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，作者认为游戏必须有目的，必须包含教学模块，孩子必须在游戏中获胜，这种观点是错误的，作者认为游戏并不总是有目的，可得出作者希望允许孩子们无目的地玩耍。故选D项。 28.词句猜测题。由最后一段中的“I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw a shoe at me when I say play doesn’t always need to have a purpose. And it doesn’t always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today’s world, the children have to be experts at multitasking, and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame. (我知道很多老师，其中一些是我的朋友，当我说游戏并不总是有目的的时候，他们可能会向我throw a shoe at。而且它并不总是需要包含一个教学模块。要想在当今世界竞争，孩子们必须是多任务处理方面的专家，并且在任何时候都处于游戏的顶端。对此，我认为这是一种耻辱)”可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，作者认为游戏必须有目的，必须包含教学模块，孩子必须在游戏中获胜，这种观点是一种耻辱，说明作者不赞同这种观点，因此作者提出孩子应该进行没有目的性的玩耍，很多老师一定会“不赞成”她的观点，throw a shoe at在此处意为“不赞成（Disagree with）”。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 29. What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 30. What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 31. What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 32. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市已成为20至30只郊狼的栖息地，这些动物适应了城市生活，拥有多样的食物来源，并在城市的绿地中建立了自己的生存空间。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest.(纽约市最初并不是郊狼的家园，因为大多数物种来自大平原和西南部)”可知，郊狼最初的栖息地是大平原和西南部。故选D。 30.词句猜测题。根据画线词后“Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi- generational New Yorkers.(目前生活在纽约的许多郊狼实际上可以追溯到第一批到达布朗克斯的原始群体，所以它们是真正的多代纽约狼)”可知，后文主要分析了生活在这里的这些土狼的来源，即指现在总共有20到30只土狼生活在这座城市，画线词义与Living意思相近。故选C。 31.细节理解题。根据第四段“The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park.(这些奇怪的生物每天可以在10英里的空地上行走——想象一下从华尔街到中央公园顶部的路线)”可知，郊狼每天活动范围可至十英里。故选B。 32.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species- rich diet than the non- urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher!(在饮食方面，城市郊狼的饮食种类比非城市郊狼丰富。从植物到兔子，从人类的剩饭到啮齿类动物，城市叫卡不过的饮食其实相当多样化。尽管亨格博士在城市郊狼的粪便中只发现了有限数量的老鼠，但至少在市政府雇佣捕鼠员之前，有办法对付它们！)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了郊狼饮食的多样化。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州宇华·期中） Over five decades after being captured, Lolita, the star orca (虎鲸) in Miami Seaquarium, will finally be able to bid adieu to her tiny tank in Florida and return to her home waters of the Pacific Northwest to live out the rest of her days. Lolita, also known as Tokitae or Toki, is a 57-year-old female orca from the now-endangered southern resident orcas that live in the North Pacific Ocean and Washington State’s Puget Sound. Lolita has lived at Miami Seaquarium since 1970, after she was captured from the waters of Puget Sound at 4 years old. Since then, Lolita has performed tricks in the aquarium pool until March 2022, when she was retired from public shows. She is currently the second oldest orca in captivity behind Corky, a 58-year-old male who lives at SeaWorld San Diego. The aquarium announced it will begin the process of returning the orca to her natural habitat in the next two years. But Lolita’s age and the fact that she’s lived in captivity for decades and is unable to find food on her own could complicate her release back into the wild. “In a plan set to take up to two years, she will be first transported by plane to an ocean conservation area in the waters between Washington State and Canada, where trainers will teach her how to catch fish inside a large net,” said Mr. Colby, an environmental historian. “She will also have to build up her muscles, as orcas typically swim about 160 kilometers per day.” One of the organizations campaigning for her release is PETA. “If Lolita is finally returned to her home waters, there will be cheers from around the world,” the group said in a statement sent to Newsweek. “It’ll offer her long-awaited relief after five miserable decades in a narrow tank and send a clear signal to other parks that the days of confining highly intelligent, far-ranging sea animals to prisons are ended.” 33. What do the underlined words “bid adieu to” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Burst on to. B. Give way to. C. Say goodbye to. D. Breath through. 34. What do we know about Lolita according to paragraph 2? A. She was retired due to aging problems. B. She is the world’s oldest female orca in captivity. C. She enjoys performing tricks in the aquarium pool. D. She has lived at SeaWorld San Diego for over 50 years. 35. What does Mr. Colby convey in his words? A. Lolita will be merely trained to live in the ocean. B. Lolita’s condition has made her release into the wild tricky. C. It is complicated to find a suitable natural habitat for Lolita. D. Lolita will spend the rest of her life in the ocean conservation area. 36. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Challenges of Saving Lolita B. The Victory of Lolita’s Retirement C. Lolita: Set to Be Freed to Home Waters D. Lolita: The Most Intelligent Orca in the World 【答案】33. C 34. A 35. A 36. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了虎鲸Lolita，自1970年被人类捕获后，被圈养在迈阿密水族馆生活了五十几年，水族馆近日准备将其释放，让其返回海洋生活的故事，同时介绍了Lolita的安置与放生计划。 33.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Over five decades after being captured(在被捕获50多年后)”和下文“return to her home waters of the Pacific Northwest to live out the rest of her days(回到太平洋西北部的家乡水域度过余生)”可知，迈阿密海洋馆的明星虎鲸洛丽塔终于能够告别她在佛罗里达州的小水箱，bid adieu to意为“告别”，和“say goodbye to”意思相近，故选C。 34.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Lolita, also known as Tokitae or Toki, is a 57-year-old female orca (洛丽塔，也被称为Tokitae或Toki，是一只57岁的雌性虎鲸)”和“Lolita has lived at Miami Seaquarium since 1970, after she was captured from the waters of Puget Sound at 4 years old. Since then, Lolita has performed tricks in the aquarium pool until March 2022, when she was retired from public shows.(洛丽塔在4岁时从Puget Sound被捕获，自1970年以来一直生活在迈阿密海洋馆。从那以后，洛丽塔一直在水族馆的游泳池里表演，直到2022年3月，她才从公开表演中退休。)”可知，Lolita在迈阿密水族馆里生活了50多年，所以是因为年龄问题，她退休了。故选A。 35.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a plan set to take up to two years, she will be first transported by plane to an ocean conservation area in the waters between Washington State and Canada, where trainers will teach her how to catch fish inside a large net(在一项长达两年的计划中，她将首先由飞机运送到华盛顿州和加拿大之间水域的海洋保护区，在那里训练员将教她如何在大网中抓鱼)”和“She will also have to build up her muscles, as orcas typically swim about 160 kilometers per day.(她还必须锻炼肌肉，因为虎鲸通常每天要游160公里左右。)”可知，Mr. Colby的话传达的意思是她要接受在海洋中生活的训练，故选A。 36.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Over five decades after being captured, Lolita, the star orca (虎鲸) in Miami Seaquarium, will finally be able to bid adieu to her tiny tank in Florida and return to her home waters of the Pacific Northwest to live out the rest of her days.(在被捕获50多年后，迈阿密海洋馆的明星虎鲸洛丽塔终于能够告别她在佛罗里达州的小水箱，回到太平洋西北部的家乡水域度过余生。)”可知，本文主要介绍了虎鲸Lolita，自1970年被人类捕获后，被圈养在迈阿密水族馆生活了五十几年，水族馆准备将其释放，让其返回海洋生活的故事，同时介绍了Lolita的安置与放生计划，因此本文最好的标题是C项“Lolita: Set to Be Freed to Home Waters(洛丽塔：准备被释放到家乡水域)”，故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南濮阳·期中） A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. Students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have been working on solar-powered cars for years. In order to create a car that could deal with the kind of tough driving, the students had to design the entire car, from top to bottom. On top, of course, were the solar panels (电池板) . Most solar panels are only about 20% efficient. That means they waste about 80% of the sunlight they get. But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph. The car weighs just 2, 600 pounds. That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test— a challenging 620-mile (1, 000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across desert sand and up mountain roads. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. But despite their success, the students think it will take five to ten years before car companies are able to build a similar car. “We are pushing the technology forward,” said Wisse Bos, the team's manager. 37. What do we know about Stella Terra? A. It is a self-driving car. B. It has high energy efficiency. C. It is the first solar-powered car. D. It is not allowed to run on the road. 38. What effect does the suspension system have on the car? A. It increases the car’s speed. B. It reduces the car’s weight. C. It makes the car run smoothly. D. It improves the car’s energy efficiency. 39. How do the students respond to car companies’ copying their ideas? A. They are worried about it. B. They are protective of their design. C. They are planning to re-evaluate their design. D. They are happy to see car companies adopt their ideas. 40. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Solar-Powered Cars Have a Long History B. Students Create a Tough Solar-Powered Car C. Solar-Powered Cars Are the Future of Transportation D. Efficient Solar-Powered Cars Have Reached Customers 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了第一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。 37.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient. They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. (但是Stella Terra的太阳能电池板的效率是97%。它们比你能买到的最好的太阳能电池板浪费的阳光要少得多)”可知，Stella Terra具有很高的效能。故选B。 38,细节理解题。根据文章第四段“On the bottom, the team designed a suspension (悬架) system to help the car deal with the bumps (颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. (在底部，该团队设计了一个悬架系统，以帮助汽车应对在崎岖路面上行驶时产生的颠簸和剧烈抖动)”可知，悬挂系统能够使汽车运行平稳。故选C。 39.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects. (这个团队为他们的汽车感到骄傲，但如果汽车公司开始复制他们的想法，他们不会感到沮丧。事实上，他们希望Stella Terra将有助于激励汽车公司进行类似的项目)”可知，他们乐于看到汽车公司采纳他们的想法。故选D。 40.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了第一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。根据文章第一段“A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. (荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了一辆完全由太阳能驱动的坚固汽车。这款名为Stella Terra的汽车是第一款可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶的太阳能汽车)”可知，这篇文章最好的标题是B项“学生们创造了一辆坚固的太阳能汽车”。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 41. What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A. The power of AI. B. The threat from humans. C. The customer requirements. D. The tips on language learning. 42. What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A. Winning the trust of customers. B. Responding to customers faster. C. Selling more products to customers. D. Having a great relationship with Shah. 43. What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A. Take on other duties. B. Leave their company. C. Move to HongKong. D. Develop latest chatbots. 44. What is the best title for the text? A. How Will AI Change Our Lives? B. How Should We Use AI Effectively? C. Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D. What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过实例介绍了人工智能可能不会抢走人类的很多工作。 41.推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. (Alorica是一家位于加利福尼亚州尔湾的公司，在世界各地设有客户服务中心，该公司推出了一种人工智能（AI）翻译工具，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈)”可知，这种人工智能翻译工具有强大的力量，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈，并列举了下文与香港客户交谈的例子。由此推知，作者想通过第一段中的例子告诉我们人工智能的力量。故选A项。 42.细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. (以印度商人苏米特·沙阿为例，他去年表示，他已经用一个名为Lina聊天机器人取代了90%的客户支持人员，这引起了轩然大波。沙阿的公司Dukaan帮助客户建立电子商务网站，此举将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”)”可知，名为Lina的聊天机器人将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”。由此可知，Lina比其他员工有的优势是能够更快地回应客户。故选B项。 43.细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. (宜家没有裁员，而是对8500名客户服务人员进行了再培训，以处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务)”可知，宜家要求原来的客户服务人员处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务。由此可知，2021年，宜家的客服人员被要求承担其他职责。故选A项。 44.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. (Alorica和宜家的经验表明，人工智能可能不会成为许多人担心的就业杀手)”可知，文章通过不同公司的例子告诉我们，人工智能不会成为人类的就业杀手。由此可知，“Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs?(人工智能会夺走许多人类工作吗？)”能够概括文章主题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南新乡·期中） 2023 was a “breakout year” for artificial intelligence (AI). Following the release of AI at the end of 2022, machine learning has increasingly been in the public eye. AI made its way into courtrooms, music and art this year, raising a lot of concerns from the public. In the field of science, the cutting-edge technology is paving the way toward new discoveries and more advanced processing of data. Several groups of researchers experimented with having AI algorithms generate words, images and even music based on people’s brain scans—a technique that, in the end, could help stroke patients and paralyzed people to communicate with other people by thinking. Machine learning has helped in conservation, such as by tracking migrating birds — the AI-powered tool BirdCast can warn people of an incoming wave of migrants, which may help prevent disease, inform Lights Out programs to reduce window strikes, and remind bird watchers of large groups of birds in their area. Scientists are also developing AI tools that can identify species based only on a photograph, distinguish between similar-looking mushrooms or recognize a bird species from its song. Inspired by the way, a famous AI company follows patterns in language to generate words, and researchers have experimented with translating whale sounds using AI. At the same time, experts warned this year the public of the need to regulate the rapidly advancing technology. For example, Geoffrey Hinton, a machine learning pioneer, quit his job in May so that he could speak more freely about his worries about AI’s future. Experts have raised concerns that AI could spread misinformation, manipulate humans and influence the job market badly if it is completely out of control. But innovation continues after all, and it seems likely that researchers will increasingly use AI to attempt breakthroughs in many fields. 45. What does the underlined word “cutting-edge” in the first paragraph probably mean? A. Abnormal. B. Advanced. C. Outdated. D. Curious. 46. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The development of AI in history. B. The negative or harmful side of AI. C. The advantages and disadvantages of AI. D. The application of AI in various fields. 47. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. AI development has stopped. B. Experts only see positive outcomes from AI. C. Despite concerns, AI research will continue. D. Geoffrey Hinton supports uncontrolled AI. 48. Why do experts find it necessary to regulate the AI? A. It may do harm to health. B. It may lead to pollution. C. It may result in unemployment. D. It may make people become dishonest. 【答案】45. B 46. D 47. C 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于人工智能（AI）在2023年的发展情况，包括AI在各个领域的应用、引发的公众担忧、以及专家对AI未来发展的看法和警告。 45.词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“In the field of science, the cutting-edge technology is paving the way toward new discoveries and more advanced processing of data.(在科学领域，这种……技术正在为新发现和更先进的数据处理铺平道路。)”中的“paving the way toward new discoveries and more advanced processing of data”可推测，“cutting-edge technology”被描述为能够引领新发现和数据处理技术前进的。选项B“advanced(先进的)”与此相符。故选B。 46.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Several groups of researchers experimented with having AI algorithms generate words, images and even music based on people’s brain scans—a technique that, in the end, could help stroke patients and paralyzed people to communicate with other people by thinking.(几组研究人员尝试利用AI算法根据人们的大脑扫描结果生成文字、图像甚至音乐——这项技术最终可能帮助中风患者和瘫痪者通过思维与他人交流。)”以及“Scientists are also developing AI tools that can identify species based only on a photograph, distinguish between similar-looking mushrooms or recognize a bird species from its song. Inspired by the way, a famous AI company follows patterns in language to generate words, and researchers have experimented with translating whale sounds using AI.(科学家们还在开发仅通过照片就能识别物种的AI工具，这些工具可以区分长相相似的蘑菇，或仅通过鸟鸣就能识别鸟类。受一家著名AI公司根据语言模式生成文字的方法的启发，研究人员也尝试使用AI翻译鲸鱼的声音。)”可知，第二段描述了研究人员如何利用AI算法根据人们的大脑扫描结果生成文字、图像和音乐、还提到了科学家正在开发的能够仅通过照片识别物种的AI工具，以及AI在翻译鲸鱼声音方面的应用。由此可知，第二段主要讨论的是AI在各个领域的应用。故选D。 47.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Experts have raised concerns that AI could spread misinformation, manipulate humans and influence the job market badly if it is completely out of control. But innovation continues after all, and it seems likely that researchers will increasingly use AI to attempt breakthroughs in many fields.(专家们担心，如果AI完全失控，可能会传播虚假信息、操纵人类并严重影响就业市场。但创新毕竟仍在继续，似乎研究人员将越来越多地使用AI来尝试在许多领域取得突破。)”可知，虽然专家对于AI的发展有所担忧，但是研究人员会越来越多地使用AI来尝试在许多领域取得突破。故选C。 48.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“At the same time, experts warned this year the public of the need to regulate the rapidly advancing technology. For example, Geoffrey Hinton, a machine learning pioneer, quit his job in May so that he could speak more freely about his worries about AI’s future. Experts have raised concerns that AI could spread misinformation, manipulate humans and influence the job market badly if it is completely out of control.(与此同时，今年专家们也警告公众，需要监管这一快速发展的技术。例如，机器学习先驱杰弗里·辛顿于5月辞职，以便能够更自由地表达他对AI未来的担忧。专家们担心，如果AI完全失控，可能会传播虚假信息、操纵人类并严重影响就业市场。)”可知，专家们认为有必要监管AI是因为如果AI完全失控，可能会传播虚假信息、操纵人类并严重影响就业市场。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） Tipping points, also known as critical transitions (转变), are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything in our life. The financial crisis of 2007-09 is often described as one. So is the moment that covid-19 went global. Anyone can spot a tipping point after it’s been crossed. But it is extremely difficult to spot them before they happen. Computer scientists in China now show that artificial intelligence (AI) can help. In a recent study, the researchers accurately predicted the beginning of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法). It could help solve real-world problems, such as predicting floods and power failure. To simplify their calculations, the team reduced all such problems to ones taking place within a large network of interacting nodes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, for example, a node might represent a company. The team then designed two artificial neural (神经的) networks to analyze such systems. To train their model, the researchers firstly turned to simplified theoretical systems in which tipping points are known to occur. Once the model could predict these transitions, it was applied to the real-world problem of how tropical forests turn to savannah (稀树草原). This has happened many times on Earth, but the details remain mysterious. The researchers first analyzed the data from three central African regions in the past 20 years and identified the tipping points. They then wanted to see if training their algorithm on data from two of these regions could enable it to correctly predict a transition point in the third. It could. The team then asked the algorithm to identify the conditions that drove the shift. The answer was, as expected, down to annual rainfall. But the AI was able to go further. The AI detailed that a slight decrease in rainfall from 1, 800 mm to 1, 630 mm led to a minor 5% drop in tree cover, but a further decrease to 1, 620 mm caused a significant 30% drop. This would be a textbook critical transition. And by predicting it from the raw data, the researchers say they have broken new ground in this field. The team are now trying to discover what specific features the Al identifies to make these predictions, which could help better predict everything from infectious outbreaks to the next stock market crash. 49. How did the team simplify the calculations? A. By limiting the problems within a large network. B. By focusing on the individual elements in a network. C. By transforming the problems into ones in a network. D. By reducing the number of problems in each network. 50. Why was the algorithm trained on data from two central African regions? A. To improve its ability of prediction. B. To check its analysis of the data. C. To perfect its solutions to problems. D. To test the accuracy of its prediction. 51. What breakthrough did the AI make in the study? A. It revealed the idea that tipping points are predictable. B. It identified a critical transition point in the tree cover. C. It confirmed previous theories about rainfall and tree cover. D. It predicted the future expansion of savannahs in central Africa. 52. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A. The Analysis of Rainfall: AI and Tree Cover B. Spotting Tipping Points: A Big Challenge for AI C. Machine Learning: Predicting Critical Moment D. Critical Transitions: The Key to Making Predictions 【答案】49. C 50. D 51. B 52. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国计算机科学家如何利用人工智能技术（AI）来预测复杂系统中的临界点（或称为关键转折点），这些临界点对我们的生活有着重大影响。 49.细节理解题。根据第三段“To simplify their calculations, the team reduced all such problems to ones taking place within a large network of interacting nodes (节点), the individual elements within a large system.(为了简化他们的计算，该团队将所有这些问题简化为发生在一个大型网络中相互作用的节点，即一个大系统中的单个元素。)”可知，研究小组通过将问题转化为网络中的问题来简化计算。故选C。 50.推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers first analyzed the data from three central African regions in the past 20 years and identified the tipping points. They then wanted to see if training their algorithm on data from two of these regions could enable it to correctly predict a transition point in the third. It could.(研究人员首先分析了过去20年中非三个地区的数据，并确定了引爆点。然后，他们想看看在其中两个区域的数据上训练他们的算法是否能使其正确预测第三个区域的过渡点。它可以。)”可知，算法要在两个中非地区的数据上进行训练是为了测试它预测的准确性。故选D。 51.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The AI detailed that a slight decrease in rainfall from 1,800 mm to 1,630 mm led to a minor 5% drop in tree cover, but a further decrease to 1,620 mm caused a significant 30% drop. This would be a textbook critical transition.(人工智能详细说明，降雨量从1800毫米轻微减少到1630毫米，导致树木覆盖面积轻微下降5%，但进一步减少到1620毫米，导致树木覆盖面积显著下降30%。这将是一个教科书式的关键转变。)”可知，人工智能在研究中取得的突破是确定了树木覆盖的一个关键转折点。故选B。 52.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In a recent study, the researchers accurately predicted the beginning of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法).(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员在机器学习算法的帮助下，准确地预测了复杂系统中临界点的开始。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国计算机科学家如何利用人工智能技术（AI）来预测复杂系统中的临界点（或称为关键转折点），这些临界点对我们的生活有着重大影响，因此最好的题目是C选项“Machine Learning: Predicting Critical Moment(机器学习：预测关键时刻)”。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 53. Why are some people concerned about AI? A. It may outsmart humans. B. It has led to social problems. C. It has been applied widely. D. It is the product of humanity. 54. How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A. By stirring emotions. B. By blocking functions. C. By setting restrictions. D. By changing regulations. 55. What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean? A. Undesirable. B. Unavoidable. C. Unpredictable. D. Unbelievable. 56. What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A. Accept it passively. B. Deal with it positively. C. Respond to it randomly. D. Defend it unconditionally. 【答案】53. A 54. C 55. B 56. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能在人类社会中角色和挑战。虽然一些人担心人工智能可能会取代人类的工作，但作者认为，人类创造了AI，并且在AI的进展、功能和未来方向上拥有决定性的作用。同时，作者也强调了适应新工业革命的必要性，相信人类可以适应新形势，创造新的就业形式。 53.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making.(一些人认为人工智能是解决社会最根本问题的终极良方，而另一些人则担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧。这两种观点都是基于人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设)”可知，一些人担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧，这是基于他们认为人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设。故选A。 54.细节理解题。根据第三段中“More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life.(更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命)”可知，我们可以通过相关法律法规确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命。故选C。 55.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment.(这就像以前一样，带来了以前无法想象的变化，肯定会影响到人类的就业)”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命就像以前一样会带来无法想象的变化，一定会影响到人类的就业，因此人工智能驱动的新工业革命是不可避免的。故划线词与B选项“Unavoidable(不可避免的)”为同义词。故选B。 56.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.(因此，不必担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术正在快速发展，但我们需要做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展)”可知，作者建议对于未来的人工智能时代的到来，不要因为害怕而去阻止它，而是应该欢迎人工智能时代的到来，即积极地对待它。故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·河南名校联盟·期中） The dust settled earlier this week after attendees at the annual Burning Man festival were finally given the green light to leave after heavy rains turned the event grounds into a muddy pool that prevented tens of thousands of people from driving out. Festival goers were told to save food and water until the ground dried sufficiently for cars, trucks, and RVs to drive on. For some, the uncooperative weather may remain only an unfortunate footnote in the storied history of this increasingly popular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But for others, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannot escape from the cruel realities of global warming. One of Burning Man’s most well-known principles is to “leave no trace (痕迹)”, where partygoers are encouraged to pick up every bit of pieces and “matter that is out of place” in order to leave the site in a good state. However, despite attendees’ efforts to leave no trace on the site itself, local residents in the nearest town, have spoken out about how their town has become a junkyard after the event. Then, there are the scientists who say that the site’s delicate (脆弱的) ecosystem is put under great pressure each year. Though the pale sands of the desert may seem like they don’t support much life, it’s actually an ancient, dried lakebed that reawakens under rain. In fact, during the festival’s opening, a climate organization blocked traffic temporarily from entering the festival grounds, whose aim was to draw attention to the fact that the event produces about 100,000 tons of CO₂ a year—90% of that coming from travel as people drive and fly to reach the festival. Though Burning Man has taken measures to make the festival greener, some protesters (抗议者) are pointing out that it’s simply not enough. Burning Man as a phenomenon has clearly reached a crossroads. Given the real environmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time for organizers and community members to rethink how the festival continues going forward. 57. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. The storied history. B. The bad weather. C. The huge event. D. The global warming. 58. What can be learned from paragraph 3? A. The partygoers are not responsible at all. B. Burning Man has set up the most famous principle. C. Local residents often have an argument with attendees. D. There is a gap between the organizers’ wishes and reality. 59. Why did the climate organization prevent the entry of traffic? A. To reduce the risks of car accidents. B. To limit the number of attendees. C. To attract people’s attention to the festival. D. To raise people’s awareness of the carbon footprint. 60. What can be the best title for the text? A. It Is Time to Rethink Burning Man B. Burning Man Is Losing Its Appeal C. Global Warming Is Ruining Our Life D. Burning Man Met Heavy Rain 【答案】57. B 58. D 59. D 60. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在一年一度的Burning Man节上人们遭遇大雨而引发的思考。 57.词句猜测题。根据第二段“For some, the uncooperative weather may remain only an unfortunate footnote in the storied history of this increasingly popular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But for others, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannot escape from the cruel realities of global warming.(对一些人来说，不合作的天气可能只是这个自20世纪80年代以来一直举办的日益流行的艺术和音乐节的传奇历史中的一个不幸的脚注。但对另一些人来说，这是一个警钟:如此重大的事件无法逃避全球变暖的残酷现实)”可知，it指代上文中的the uncooperative weather，即这种不合作的天气对一些人来说是一个警钟。故选B项。 58.推理判断题。根据第三段“One of Burning Man’s most well-known principles is to “leave no trace (痕迹)”, where partygoers are encouraged to pick up every bit of pieces and “matter that is out of place” in order to leave the site in a good state. However, despite attendees’ efforts to leave no trace on the site itself, local residents in the nearest town, have spoken out about how their town has become a junkyard after the event.(Burning Man节最著名的原则之一是“不留痕迹”，即鼓励参加派对的人捡起每一块碎片和“不合适的东西”，以便让场地状态良好。然而，尽管参加者努力不在场地上留下任何痕迹，但最近城镇的当地居民却公开表示，活动结束后，他们的小镇变成了一个垃圾场)”可知，尽管Burning Man节的原则之一是“不留痕迹”，要求参加活动的人尽量不在场地上留下任何痕迹，但结束后，人们发现自己的小镇成了一个垃圾场，由此推断理想愿望和现实之间存在差距。故选D项。 59.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, during the festival’s opening, a climate organization blocked traffic temporarily from entering the festival grounds, whose aim was to draw attention to the fact that the event produces about 100,000 tons of CO₂ a year—90% of that coming from travel as people drive and fly to reach the festival.(事实上，在庆典开幕时，气候团体暂时禁止车辆进入庆典场地。他们的目的是提醒人们，庆典每年产生约10万吨的二氧化碳，其中90%来自开车或乘飞机前往庆典现场的旅行)”可知，气候组织暂时阻止了车辆进入场地，是为了引起人们对这一事实的关注，即该活动每年产生约10万吨的二氧化碳。故选D项。 60.主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“Though Burning Man has taken measures to make the festival greener, some protesters (抗议者) are pointing out that it’s simply not enough. Burning Man as a phenomenon has clearly reached a crossroads. Given the real environmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time for organizers and community members to rethink how the festival continues going forward.(尽管Burning Man节已经采取措施使节日更加环保，但一些抗议者指出，这还远远不够。Burning Man节作为一种现象，显然已经走到了十字路口。考虑到它年复一年对环境的真正影响，组织者和社区成员可能是时候重新思考节日如何继续向前发展了)”可知，文章介绍了在一年一度的Burning Man节上的大雨以及由此联想到的Burning Man节给当地生态以及环保方面带来的问题，并在文章末段指出“组织者和社区成员可能是时候重新思考节日如何继续向前发展了。”由此推断A 选项“是时候重新思考Burning Man节”可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·河南创新联盟·期中） Austrian-based food-tech startup Revo Foods announced this week that its 3D-printed vegan fish filet (素食鱼片) was heading to European grocery store shelves — a first for 3D-printed food. According to the company’s September 12 press release, the arrival of the “Filet” represents a key moment in sustainable food, with 3D-printed consumables ready for industrial mass production. Revo Foods Filet is likely to be just the first of many other such 3D-printed edible (可食用的) products to soon hit the market. “Despite dramatic losses of coral reefs and increasing levels of poisons and micro plastic polluting fish, consumer demand for seafood has skyrocketed in recent decades,” the company announcement explains, “One promising solution to provide consumers with sustainable alternatives that do not contribute to overfishing is vegan seafood. The key to the success of these products lies in recreating a real taste that appeals to consumers.” The composition of the Filet provides a meat-like texture (口感). 12 ingredients (成分) compose Revo’s Filet, such as pea proteins, plant oils and algae extracts. With its high protein and Ornega-3 contents, eating a Revo Filet is still very much like eating regular salmon. And thanks to its plant-based ingredients, the Filet has a three week shelf life, a significant improvement over regular salmon products. “With the milestone of industrial-scale 3D food printing, we are entering a creative food revolution, an era where food is being made exactly according to the customers’ needs,” Revo Foods CEO Robin Simsa said via this week’s announcement. While Revo’s products are currently only available for European markets, the company says it is actively working to expand its availability across the globe, with Simsa telling PopSci the company hopes to enter US markets around 2025. 61. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. Revo’s Filet will be eco-friendly. B. Revo Foods is popular in Europe. C. Edible fish have decreased sharply. D. Most people refuse to accept seafood. 62. What is special about Revo’s Filet? A. It is a kind of seafood. B. It has a longer shelf life. C. It has the same taste as salmon. D. It has no food quality problems. 63. What is Simsa’s attitude to the future of 3D-printed food? A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed. C. Optimistic. D. Worried. 64. What is the text? A. A short story. B. A research paper. C. An advertisement. D. A news report. 【答案】61. A 62. B 63. C 64. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了3D打印纯素食鱼片的优点，它将进入欧洲杂货店货架，前景广泛。 61.推理判断题。由第二段中“One promising solution to provide consumers with sustainable alternatives that do not contribute to overfishing is vegan seafood. The key to the success of these products lies in recreating a real taste that appeals to consumers. (为消费者提供可持续的替代品而不会导致过度捕捞的一个有希望的解决方案是纯素食海鲜。这些产品成功的关键在于重现吸引消费者的真正味道)”可知，Revo Foods公司为消费者提供了不会导致过度捕捞的可持续替代品3D打印素食鱼片，因此，Revo的素食鱼片是有利于生态环境的。故选A项。 62.细节理解题。由第三段中“And thanks to its plant-based ingredients, the Filet has a three week shelf life, a significant improvement over regular salmon products. (由于其植物性成分，Filet的保质期为三周，比普通三文鱼产品有了显著改善)”可知，由于其植物成分，素食鱼片拥有三周的保质期，比普通三文鱼产品的保质期更长。故选B项。 63.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中Simsa说的话“With the milestone of industrial-scale 3D food printing, we are entering a creative food revolution, an era where food is being made exactly according to the customers’ needs (随着工业规模3D食品打印的里程碑，我们正在进入一场创意食品革命，一个完全根据客户需求生产食品的时代)”和最后一段中“with Simsa telling PopSci the company hopes to enter US markets around 2025. (Simsa告诉PopSci，该公司希望在2025年左右进入美国市场)”可知，Simsa认为他们正在进入一场创意食品革命、完全根据客户需求生产食品的时代，以后公司在2025年左右还会进军美国市场，可得出他对公司的3D打印素食鱼片的未来是乐观的。故选C项。 64.推理判断题。通读全文可知，食品科技初创公司Revo Foods开发的3D打印素食鱼片将登上欧洲杂货店的货架，这是3D打印食品的首例。由此推断，这是一篇有关科技食品介绍的新闻报道。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河师大附中·期中） Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near because of the poor ecological state of the planet. Actually change has already begun through climate changes, but most humans haven’t noticed this yet. Climate change has begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the next few years. As the planet is under big geological (地质的) stresses, which are continuously increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population. Shortage of resources, over-farming, lack of clean air, not enough clean drinking water and drought are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future. Humans have caused large ecological destruction. The lifestyles of many people are changing at a fast speed; however, this will finally result in a shortage of some valuable resources. When this shortage begins to happen, people will no longer be able to have sustainable (可持续的) lifestyles. It’s important to understand that everyone plays a role in the whole process of life. Each person’s decision can finally affect the future. These decisions, all combined, can have a very good effect on what the future will be like for humans. So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment. While more and more people are becoming aware of climate change and other environmental problems related to global warming, not all are fully understanding how far-reaching its effects will be. Unfortunately, most of the humans realize that the planet isn’t functioning well, but they don’t understand that this is creating a major problem for the future survival of humans. So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future 65. What do we know about climate change from the text? A. It is not casy for people to understand. B. It is expected to become worse soon. C. It is mainly caused by natural disasters. D. It is well realized by most humans. 66. What are paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A. Resources humans are running out of. B. Healthy lifestyles humans need to lead. C. Problems humans will be faced with. D. Geological changes humans have caused. 67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to contribute to a sustainable future. B. To inform people the planet isn’t functioning properly. C. To warn people of the danger of ecological destruction. D. To tell people the right way to obtain enough resources. 68. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Causes of Planetary Changes B. The Influence of Ecological Destruction C. Ways to Build a Sustainable Future D. Environmental Damage and the Human Future 【答案】65. B 66. C 67. A 68. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章分析了地球生态状况不佳，气候变化已经开始，同时人类也对地球的生态环境造成了严重的破坏。尽管越来越多的人意识到了这一点，但并非所有人都能理解这种情况将会严重影响人类未来的生存问题。因此，作者认为每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。 65.细节理解题。根据第一段“Climate change has begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the next few years.”（气候变化已经开始影响世界，并且将在未来几年内开始恶化。）可知，气候变化预计很快就会变得更糟。故选B。 66.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As the planet is under big geological (地质的) stresses, which are continuously increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population. Shortage of resources, over-farming, lack of clean air, not enough clean drinking water and drought are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future.”（随着地球承受着不断增加的重大地质压力，它将不再能够养活其人口。资源短缺、过度耕作、缺乏清洁空气、清洁饮用水不足以及干旱等问题在未来都将扮演更加重要的角色。）第三段中“Humans have caused large ecological destruction. The lifestyles of many people are changing at a fast speed; however, this will finally result in a shortage of some valuable resources.”（人类造成了巨大的生态破坏。许多人的生活方式正在快速变化；然而，这最终将导致一些宝贵资源的短缺。）可知，该两段段主要描述了人类未来将会面对的问题。故选C。 67.推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future.”（因此，每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。）和文章内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们能够帮助创造一个可持续的未来。故选A。 68.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near because of the poor ecological state of the planet.”（由于地球的生态状况不佳，那些将对许多人产生影响的星球变化即将来临。）和第三段“Humans have caused large ecological destruction.”（人类造成了巨大的生态破坏。），以及最后一段“So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future.”（因此，每个人都应该做出必要的改变，以减少他们对环境的影响，并帮助创造一个更可持续的未来。）及全文内容可知，文章主要指出了人类对地球的生态环境造成了严重的破坏，从而引发从气候改变开始的星球变化，对人类的未来造成了很大的影响。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“环境破坏与人类的未来”。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·河南焦作·期中） Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death? The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system. Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life. Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles. Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease)? An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI? Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system. 69. What can be learned about the car accident? A. It is the first case related to an AI system. B. No one survived the terrible car accident. C. It was mainly caused by the self-driving system. D. The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison. 70. What does the author try to stress by giving the two examples in paragraph 2? A. The AI-based systems are often reliable. B. The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives. C. The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly. D. The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI. 71. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. AI mistakes have no effect on its users. B. AI failures appear more often than not. C. Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem. D. Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems. 72. What can be the best title for the text? A. Who Is Responsible When AI Kills? B. How Can We Make AI Systems Safer? C. What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems? D. What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm? 【答案】69. D 70. C 71. C 72. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要论述了目前对于人工智能造成的伤害没有明确的责任体系，并呼吁尽快调整责任系统以适应人工智能的普及。 69.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“The driver got up to 12 years in prison.”（司机被判处12年监禁。）可知，司机被判处十年以上监禁。故选D项。 70.推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“Our current liability system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries.”（我们目前的责任系统——用于确定伤害的责任和赔偿，还没有为人工智能做好准备。现在是考虑责任的时候了，因为人工智能变得普遍，但仍不受控制。基于人工智能的系统已经造成了伤害。）并结合下文具体人工智能造成伤害的例子可知，作者举例是为了说明目前的责任系统还不能确定人工智能造成的伤害该如何解决，考虑到人工智能愈发普及却不受控制，这种情况应该及时调整了。故选C项。 71.细节理解题。根据第四段前三句“Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user.”（目前，责任调查通常由使用该算法的人开始和结束。事实上，如果有人滥用人工智能系统或无视其警告，这个人应该承担法律责任。但人工智能的错误往往不是用户的错。）及最后一句“How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI?”（对于无法解释的人工智能造成的错误，你能在多大程度上责怪医生?）可知，人工智能有自己的自我学习模式，会犯一些用户不可掌控的错误，但责任调查通常只追究到用户，这远远是不够的。故选C项。 72.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death?”（当人工智能系统造成伤害或死亡时，谁来负责?）并结合下文对于责任系统的讨论及判定人工智能责任的复杂性可知，本文主要探讨了当人工智能系统造成伤害或死亡时，谁来负责的问题。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$