专题03 阅读理解 （说明文）（期中真题分类汇编，河南专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南百师联盟·期中） Who doesn’t love a warm, delicious and satisfying meal? Food is what keeps human bodies full of nutrients and it provides the energy needed to go through life. But there is more to eating than just survival. People often use food to bond (建立密切联系) with others through shared meals, food gifts and at celebrations. As the Better Health Channel reports, food is used by people in all countries and cultures around the world as a way to come together and enjoy. Gathering together with friends and family, or even with strangers, nourishes (滋养) more than our bodies. And what’s interesting is that it’s not necessarily the actual food that makes the meal so important. The social interaction of the meal setting encourages people to pay attention to each other and to connect, Life Magazine reports. So how can people include these important “bonding through food” practices into their lives? Some suggest going out to eat with friends, family members or coworkers bi-monthly or even weekly. Going out to eat or sharing meals with others creates much deeper and more meaningful interactions when compared to other joint activities like watching a movie or TV together. Research conducted by the University of Oxford showed that people who eat socially are more well adjusted in social and emotional settings and are more likely to feel better about themselves. And although many people eat their meals alone, 76 percent of the people questioned think sharing a meal is a good way to bring people closer. So why is it that eating with others feels good? A study conducted by the University of Chicago concludes that it is all about trust. According the research, food helps develop trust since eating the same food together with someone else suggests that both parties are willing to bring the same thing into their body. It’s only natural that trust and cooperation are likely to develop as a result of this bonding experience. 1. What is the purpose of sharing meals beyond survival? A. To provide energy for the body. B. To bring people together socially. C. To serve as a form of entertainment. D. To celebrate personal achievements. 2. What can we know from the Life Magazine’s reports? A. Social interaction during meals is significant. B. Meals are primarily for nutritional purposes. C. The food itself is the most important aspect. D. Eating alone is more beneficial than sharing meals. 3. How can people put “bonding through food” into practice? A. By sharing food gifts more often. B. By watching movies or TV together. C. By spending more time with the family. D. By eating together with others regularly. 4. Why does sharing meals feel good? A. It provides a sense of belonging. B. It offers an opportunity for relaxation. C. It develops trust between individuals. D. It allows for the sharing of diverse opinions. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了食物在人类社交中的重要作用，以及如何通过共享食物来建立密切联系和信任。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People often use food to bond (建立密切联系) with others through shared meals, food gifts and at celebrations. As the Better Health Channel reports, food is used by people in all countries and cultures around the world as a way to come together and enjoy.(人们常常会通过共同进餐、赠送食物以及在庆祝活动中利用食物来与他人建立密切联系。正如 “健康频道” 所报道的那样，世界各地所有国家和文化中的人们都把食物作为一种相聚一堂、共享欢乐的方式)”可知，人们通过共同进餐等方式利用食物与他人建立密切联系，在世界各国各文化中食物都是一种让人们相聚在一起、共同享受的方式，说明除了维持生存外，共同进餐的目的在于从社交层面把人们聚到一起。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The social interaction of the meal setting encourages people to pay attention to each other and to connect, Life Magazine reports.(据《生活》杂志报道，用餐环境中的社交互动促使人们相互关注、彼此联结)”可知，这体现出用餐时的社交互动是很重要的。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So how can people include these important “bonding through food” practices into their lives? Some suggest going out to eat with friends, family members or coworkers bi-monthly or even weekly.(那么，人们如何将这些通过食物建立密切联系的重要做法融入自己的生活呢？有些人建议每个月两次或者每周与朋友、家人或同事外出就餐)”可知，人们可以通过每月两次或者每周和朋友、家人或者同事外出吃饭，把 “通过食物建立联系” 的做法融入生活，也就是要经常和别人一起吃饭。故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So why is it that eating with others feels good? A study conducted by the University of Chicago concludes that it is all about trust. According the research, food helps develop trust since eating the same food together with someone else suggests that both parties are willing to bring the same thing into their body.(那么，为什么与他人一起用餐感觉很好呢？芝加哥大学开展的一项研究得出结论，这一切都关乎信任。根据这项研究，食物有助于建立信任，因为与他人一起食用相同的食物意味着双方都愿意将同样的东西摄入体内)”可知，芝加哥大学的一项研究得出结论：与他人一起用餐感觉很好是因为信任。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南鹿邑·期中） If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登记卡) to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(价钱). From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相应地). With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 5. While taking a taxi in Finland, _____. A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride C. a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go D. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration (证明) before leaving without paying 6. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland ________. A. are mostly poorly managed B. provide meals for any diners C. provide free wine and charge for food D. provide meal for only those who live in the hotels 7. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The workers are always honest with their working hours. C. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. D. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. 8. The word “those” in the last but one paragraph probably refers to _____. A. people who are dishonest B. people who often have meals in big hotels C. people who often take taxis D people who are worthy of trust 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了芬兰社会中一些在我们看来的奇怪的现象,从反面解释了芬兰社会很高的道德标准。. 5.推理判断题。根据第二段“You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place”（你可以去任何地方，告诉司机让你在任何地方下车）可知在芬兰，无论乘客想去哪里，出租车司机都不会拒绝他。故C选项正确。 6.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners.”（所有大饭店的餐厅不仅为客人服务，也服务外来食客。）可知各大酒店餐厅不仅为旅客服务，而且也服务外来食客。故选B。 7.推理判断题 。根据第四段最后一句“From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”从那时起，他们只要说他们工作了多少小时他们就会被相应地支付报酬。根据第五段“And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.” （而且员工们总是诚实地说出他们投入的确切时间），可知D中所提到的老板不核对雇员的工作时间并不是因为他们太忙，而是因为雇员都是诚实的上报自己的工作时间，人们互相信任，就不需要核对了。故D项错误。选D正确。 8.词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中those的定语从句who love to take “petty advantages”喜欢沾便宜的人，也就是不诚实的人。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南遂平·期中） Staying in hospital can be difficult for patients, often causing fear and anxiety, especially in younger individuals. These emotions can easily take over, but hospitals in Richmond, Virginia, have programs to relieve some of the stress and create moments of joy. Due to a program called Dogs On Call provided by the non-profit organization Center for Human-Animal Interaction, at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond, the sound of dogs coming down the hallway creates an atmosphere of excitement among child patients. For 21 years, the volunteer-run program has been connecting dogs with those in need of an inspiring moment. With the necessary registration steps, dogs and handlers can participate in weekly visits to the hospital. Besides the scheduled visits, parents or children can request a specific team to visit their rooms. “When a patient interacts with a dog, it can decrease blood pressure and reduce pain,” says Nancy R. Gee, executive director of the center. Their faces change just for a moment. They’re not thinking about their health situation or their pain. Just for that moment, they’re just kids with a dog. Instead of Dogs On Call, Bon Secours St. Mary’s Hospital of Richmond provides Happy Wheels, a program in which a cart full of treats and other items rolling through the halls of the hospital. The volunteer-run program visits four times a week. They go from room to room to hand out toys, coffee, snacks, and other comfort items. All of the items found in the cart are donated to the program and handed out to families in all children’s care units. “It’s an opportunity for the children to be children and to get excited about a new toy coming in their rooms, ”says Laura Gepford, child life specialist at St. Mary’s Hospital. “Besides the fevers, the medicine and all the difficult things that occur in the hospital, they have the shining of happy moments. That’s what people hold onto. ” 9. What do we know about the program Dogs On Call? A. Dogs might frighten the child patients. B. Dog visits must follow a fixed schedule. C. It gives mental treatment to the child patients. D. It is financially supported by the government. 10. What does Nancy R Gee mean in paragraph 4? A. Children care for dogs by nature. B. Children’s moods are changeable. C. Children are too young to take their illness seriously. D. Children’s spirits are lifted by the dogs’ companion. 11. What is Laura Gepford’s attitude to the Happy Wheels program? A. Concerned. B. Appreciative. C. Dissatisfied. D. Doubtful. 12. How do the two programs in the text help? A. By bringing patients comfort and cheer. B. By changing people’s attitude to illness. C. By telling people the importance of play. D. By guiding parents to better comfort kids. 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了住院对病人来说可能很困难，通常会引起恐惧和焦虑，尤其是年轻人。这些情绪很容易占据上风，但弗吉尼亚州里士满的医院有一些项目可以缓解一些压力，创造欢乐的时刻。 9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Due to a program called Dogs On Call provided by the non-profit organization Center for Human-Animal Interaction, at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond, the sound of dogs coming down the hallway creates an atmosphere of excitement among child patients.”（由于里士满儿童医院的非营利组织“人与动物互动中心”提供了一个名为“狗随叫随到”的项目，狗从走廊上走下来的声音在儿童病人中营造了一种兴奋的气氛。）以及第四段中““When a patient interacts with a dog, it can decrease blood pressure and reduce pain,” says Nancy R. Gee, executive director of the center.”（“当病人与狗互动时，它可以降低血压，减轻疼痛，”该中心的执行主任南希·R·吉说。）可知，Dogs On Call这个项目它可以对儿童病人进行精神治疗。故选C项。 10.推理判断题。根据第四段““When a patient interacts with a dog, it can decrease blood pressure and reduce pain,” says Nancy R. Gee, executive director of the center. Their faces change just for a moment. They’re not thinking about their health situation or their pain. Just for that moment, they’re just kids with a dog.”（“当病人与狗互动时，它可以降低血压，减轻疼痛，”该中心的执行主任南希·R·吉说。他们的脸只变了一会儿。他们没有考虑自己的健康状况或痛苦。在那一刻，他们只是带着狗的孩子。）可推知，南希·R·吉在第四段的意思是表明有狗作伴，孩子们的精神就振奋起来了。故选D项。 11.推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It’s an opportunity for the children to be children and to get excited about a new toy coming in their rooms, ”says Laura Gepford, child life specialist at St. Mary’s Hospital.”（圣玛丽医院(St. Mary 's Hospital)的儿童生活专家劳拉·格普福德(Laura Gepford)说：“这是一个让孩子们做回孩子的机会，让他们对房间里的新玩具感到兴奋。”）可推知，劳拉·格普福德对Happy Wheels项目的态度是欣赏的，赞赏的。故选B项。 12.细节理解题。根据第一段中“These emotions can easily take over, but hospitals in Richmond, Virginia, have programs to relieve some of the stress and create moments of joy.”（这些情绪很容易占据上风，但弗吉尼亚州里士满的医院有一些项目可以缓解一些压力，创造欢乐的时刻。）以及下文对这两个项目的具体介绍可知，它们都可以给病人带来安慰和欢乐。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） Josh Primm has just moved to New York City with his parents. He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile. Lyle is no ordinary crocodile. For one thing, he sings. Josh’s parents are terrified of him at first, but Lyle soon becomes part of the family. When Mr. Grumps, their unfriendly neighbor, threatens to have Lyle taken away, the Primms pull together to protect the creature. Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile is a musical comedy based on the popular children’s books by Bernard Waber. Josh is played by Winslow Fegley, 13. He said he came to understand the shy boy. “Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.” The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.” Winslow has the same admiration for everyone involved in making the movie. “All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.” The film also stars Constance Wu as Josh’s mom and Javier Bardem as Hector P. Valenti, Lyle’s owner. “With all these very talented people,” Winslow said, “we made an amazing film that’s great, hopefully, for all ages.” Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile opened in theaters on October 7. 13. What did Lyle do in the story? A. He taught Josh to sing. B. He helped Jos h overcome his shyness. C. He invited Josh to a crocodile concert. D. He competed with Jos h in a talent show. 14. What is the movie Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile mainly about? A. Winslow Fegley struggles to become an actor. B. Lyle, a crocodile, becomes a pop star in New York City. C. Josh adapts to a new school with the help of a crocodile. D. The Primm family’s neighbor tries to drive their pet crocodile away. 15. How did Ben’s Lyle affect Winslow? A. It challenged him to act against a pre- recorded voice. B. It simplified the process of working with special effects. C. It allowed him to practice communicating with a crocodile. D. It enabled him to perform better in his role. 16. What does Winslow Fegley admire about the film’s special effects team? A. Their work with actor Ben Palacios. B. Their creation of a lovable character. C. Their ability to make Lyle look harmless. D. Their contribution to the film’s music. 【答案】13. B 14. C 15. D 16. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部音乐喜剧电影，并描述了主人公扮演者的表演感受。 13.推理判断题。根据第一段“He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile.”（他害羞、焦虑，适应新学校的速度很慢。然后他交了一个朋友——莱尔，一只鳄鱼。）及第三段“Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this.”（“乔希必须经历这段旅程，打破他的壳，”温斯洛说。而正是莱尔，理解男孩的孤独，帮助他做到了这一点。）可知，Lyle理解Josh的孤独，并帮助他打破自己的壳，变得更加开放，愿意尝试新事物。从而可推断，Lyle帮助Josh克服了他的害羞。故选B。 14.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段““Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.””（“Josh必须经历这段旅程，打破他的壳，”温斯洛说。而正是莱尔，理解男孩的孤独，帮助他做到了这一点。在电影的最后，Josh非常愿意尝试新事物，”Winslow补充道。“我能理解。”）可知，电影的主要内容是关于Josh如何通过一只名叫Lyle的鳄鱼的帮助来适应他的新学校，因此选项C正确概括了电影的主要内容。故选C。 15.细节理解题。根据第四段“The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.””（我们在电影中看到的莱尔是电脑动画制作的。他的配音是歌手肖恩·门德斯。但温斯洛说，这是一个“穿着（鳄鱼）服装的仁”，演员本·帕拉西奥斯，他在片场把成年后的莱尔演绎得活脱脱。这让温斯洛更容易进入角色。“这是一次很棒的经历，因为我可以和一个真实的人一起工作，”温斯洛说。“我能够对他的情绪做出反应。”）可知，Winslow Fegley 描述与穿着鳄鱼服装的演员Ben Palacios互动使得他能够在现场与一个真人合作，并对其情绪做出反应，这样的互动帮助他更好地进入角色并提升表演。故选D。 16.推理判断题。根据第五段“All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.”（所有从事特效工作的人都做得非常出色。”“这不仅让莱尔看起来很真实，而且让他成为一个可爱的角色。真的很容易就会爱上他。）可推断，Winslow欣赏特效团队创造了一个让观众容易爱上的角色。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南南阳一中·期中） Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events — can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline-recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research, often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30-minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 17. What is the main finding of the new research? A. Exercising on weekends is more beneficial. B. Most people prefer to exercise on weekdays. C. Regular daily exercise is essential for heart health. D. Weekend exercise has benefits similar to daily exercise. 18. How did the researchers get their findings? A. By observing people’s exercise habits. B. By conducting interviews with patients. C. By reviewing residents’ medical records. D. By analyzing data from wearable devices. 19. How long is the recommended weekly duration for moderate-intensity exercise for adults? A. At least 30 minutes. B. At least 100 minutes. C. At least 150 minutes. D. At least 180 minutes. 20. What is Dr Andrew Freeman’s attitude towards the new study? A. Positive. B. Opposed. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 【答案】17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，一周都锻炼的人和集中在周末锻炼的人在降低心脏病风险方面取得的效果相似。 17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. (根据发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一份新报告，可能是这样的。该报告发现，那些一周都在锻炼的人和把锻炼安排在周末的“周末战士”患心脏病的风险降低的程度相似)”可知，这项新研究的主要发现是，周末锻炼的好处与日常锻炼相似。故选D项。 18.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. (这篇论文依赖于英国生物样本库的数据，这是一个长期跟踪居民的大型生物医学数据库。研究称：“有超过10万人使用加速度计来跟踪他们一周的活动。”)”可知，研究人员通过分析英国生物样本库收集的可穿戴设备的数据得到了发现。故选D项。 19.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (根据《美国人体育活动指南》，成年人每周至少需要150分钟中等强度的体育活动)”可知，成年人每周中等强度运动的建议时长为至少150分钟。故选C项。 20.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Freeman所说的话“This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’ (这至少足以让我对一些病人说，‘嘿，最近的数据显示，如果你不能每天锻炼30分钟，周末锻炼150分钟可能会有帮助’)”可知，这项新研究让他更有信心帮助那些很难在工作日完成锻炼的病人。这表明他对新研究持积极的态度。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南信阳·期中） The demanding process of forming our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen-dominated world, where typed messages have replaced handwritten letters. However, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page. But handwriting seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning. For example, to type “tap”, your fingers don’t have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make relatively simple and similar movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type. It lets you make connections between your body and what you’re seeing and hearing, which might give the mind more footholds for accessing a given concept (概念) or idea. “When kids write letters, they’re just messy,” says Sophia Vinci-Booher, an educational neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University. As kids practice writing “A”, each form is different, and that variability helps promote their conceptual understanding of the letter. They learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with similar typed examples. This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in children and adults, Vinci-Booher found. “This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes,” she says. Abandoning handwriting could mean that those skills don’t get developed as well, which could damage kids’ ability to learn down the road. “If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation (刺激), then their brains simply won’t reach their full potential,” says Meer, a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 21. What is the difference between handwriting and typing from the passage? A. Typing is better for learning concepts. B. Handwriting engages more brain areas. C. Typing fails to involve hands movements. D. Handwriting is faster for accessing ideas. 22. What can we learn from Sophia Vinci-Booher? A. Variable handwritten letters do harm to kids’ handwriting. B. Writing “A” promotes kids’ conceptual understanding. C. Practicing typing helps recognize letters better. D. Early handwriting practice benefits kids. 23. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Advantages of handwriting over typing. B. Reasons for choosing handwriting. C. A call for improving handwriting. D. Effects of giving up handwriting. 24. What is the author’s attitude towards handwriting? A. Unclear. B. Negative. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要就手写与打字的区别、手写对学习和大脑发展的积极影响，以及放弃手写可能带来的后果进行了阐述，并引用了相关研究和专家观点进行说明。 21.细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“But handwriting seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning. For example, to type “tap”, your fingers don’t have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make relatively simple and similar movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type. (但手写似乎更深入地参与大脑，以支持学习。例如，“tap”，你的手指不需要描摹字母的形状——它们只需要做相对简单和相似的动作。相比之下，写字比打字需要更多的脑力，以及大脑区域之间的交流。)”可知，手写比打字更多地调动了大脑区域。故选B。 22.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As kids practice writing “A”, each form is different, and that variability helps promote their conceptual understanding of the letter. They learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with similar typed examples. This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in children and adults, Vinci-Booher found. “This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes,” she says.(孩子们练习写字母“A”时，每个人的写法都各不相同，这种差异性有助于促进他们对字母的概念理解。与看到相似的打印字体相比，孩子们在看到手写变体时能更好地识别字母。这有助于发展儿童和成人在阅读时使用的大脑区域，Vinci-Booher发现。“这可能是早期经历事实上转化为长期生活结果的途径之一，”她说。)”可知，早期的字母书写练习助于发展儿童在阅读时使用的大脑区域，对孩子有益。故选D。 23.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Abandoning handwriting could mean that those skills don’t get developed as well, which could damage kids’ ability to learn down the road. “If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation (刺激), then their brains simply won’t reach their full potential,” says Meer, a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. (放弃书写可能意味着这些技能得不到发展，这可能会损害孩子今后的学习能力。挪威科技大学的心理学家和研究合著者米尔说：“如果幼儿没有接受任何手写训练，这是一种非常好的大脑刺激，那么他们的大脑就不会充分发挥其潜力。”)”可知，最后一段是关于放弃手写的影响。故选D。 24.推理判断题。根据第二段中“But handwriting seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning. (但手写似乎更深入地参与大脑，以支持学习。)”和最后一段中“Abandoning handwriting could mean that those skills don’t get developed as well, which could damage kids’ ability to learn down the road.(放弃书写可能意味着这些技能得不到发展，这可能会损害孩子今后的学习能力。)”可推知，作者对于手写是有益的，持支持态度。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南周口恒大·期中） Why do people long for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude—having joy from the suffering of others. People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain. Seeing people that seem to “have it all” suffer (going through divorce, drug abuse, mental illness, etc.) momentarily destroys that thought. And then people can think, “Perhaps it’s OK that I don’t have my own television show, and own four large houses.” Let’s chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts. If you’ve been alive a couple of decades, you’ve certainly seen plenty of examples showing that money does not bring happiness. But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment. Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion (同情) and loving kindness. This may seem strange to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don’t you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation (冥想) originating from Buddhist traditions that are designed to develop compassion and loving kindness. The four related qualities developed by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness, calmness, compassion, and sympathetic joy. Sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude—with sympathetic joy, we get joy from the joy of others. Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel—that is sympathetic joy. To develop more sympathetic joy, when something good happens to another person, say to yourself (with as much meaning as possible), “I’m happy for you. May your good fortune continue. May your good fortune grow.” When a person, celebrity or not, is suffering, you can practice a compassion meditation. Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth sympathy, such as hugging a loved one, or holding a baby. Then imagine saying to the person suffering, “May you be free from suffering,” or “May your suffering ease.” 25. What can make us happy according to the author? A. Having a well-paid job. B. Owning great popularity. C. Focusing on celebrities’ news. D. Learning to live in the moment. 26. What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2? A. Compassion and loving kindness. B. The origin of some traditions. C. Happiness and meditation. D. Meditation practices. 27. Which of the following is sympathetic joy? A. You cheer up when a celebrity gets divorced. B. You crow over it when your schoolmate gets injured. C. You’re delighted when your classmate wins a competition. D. You’re pleased when a celebrity practices attentively meditation. 28. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To show celebrities’ real life. B. To introduce the findings of a study. C. To stress the importance of happiness. D. To correct the negative attitudes to other people’s sufferings. 【答案】25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了什么才是真正的快乐，纠正了某些人对别人幸灾乐祸的心态。 25.细节理解题。根据第一段“But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment.”（但是什么能带来幸福呢？其中一个关键是学会充分关注和享受当下，不仅仅是把它当作信息来学习，而是通过实践，培养在当下用心生活的技能。）可知，学会关注和享受当下, 我们才能快乐。故选D项。 26.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion (同情) and loving kindness.”（幸福的其他关键包括培养同情心和仁爱的技能。）可知，作者在本段主要讲述同情心和仁爱。故选A项。 27.推理判断题。根据第三段“Sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude—with sympathetic joy, we get joy from the joy of others.”（同情的快乐与幸灾乐祸完全相反，有了同情带来的快乐，我们能从他人的快乐中获得快乐。）可知，有了同情带来的快乐，我们就能从别人的快乐中获得快乐，所以“当你的同学赢得比赛时，你也会感到高兴”符合题意。故选C项。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段“Why do people long for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude—having joy from the suffering of others. ”（为什么人们渴望名人新闻?至少有些人的饥饿感是以幸灾乐祸为中心的——从别人的痛苦中获得快乐。）根据第一段“But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment.”（但是什么能带来幸福呢？其中一个关键是学会充分关注和享受当下，不仅仅是把它当作信息来学习，而是通过实践，培养在当下用心生活的技能。）根据第二段“Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion (同情) and loving kindness.”（幸福的其他关键包括培养同情心和仁爱的技能。）通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了什么才是真正的快乐，纠正了某些人对别人幸灾乐祸的心态，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了纠正对别人痛苦的消极态度。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南鹿邑·期中） People tend to treat anger as something terrible and unacceptable. Many parents around the world teach their children to suppress (抑制) or ignore their anger. Intentionally or not, they show their children that feeling angry is wrong, and it is better to always look calm and balanced. However, that is not right. Anger plays an extremely important role in a person’s emotional health. Anger can be effectively used to establish and defend your individual principle, personal space, sense of justice, beliefs, and so on. When another person somehow annoys you, one of the first emotions you normally experience is anger, along with the urge to fix an unpleasant situation or do something else to defend yourself. Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so. Therefore, when used with care, it is your best weapon (武器) for emergencies. Anger can serve to cover some other emotions of yours if they are less appropriate. Sometimes, expressing fear is unacceptable, especially for men. For instance, masculinity (男子气概) and bravery are highly valued among men in some traditional cultures. So, covering fear with anger, acting aggressively remains a more appropriate choice for men. And this is an effective strategy, not just in terms of saving one’s reputation within a certain social group, but dealing with difficulties and overcoming barriers. Anger is an extremely powerful emotion and it is not recommended to suppress or ignore it if it is not dangerous. A person who has been covering and hiding his or her anger cannot get rid of it, and the anger will still build up inside, finally resulting in violence as a response to a situation that does not require it. What you can do is express it in socially acceptable ways in most circumstances. Therefore, anger itself is not a bad thing. And it is important to learn how to manage anger, express it in a nonviolent way, and redirect it in constructive directions. So, do not ignore your anger. You should face it, accept it, and learn how to deal with it. 29. What can we know from paragraph 1? A. Children often ignore their anger. B. People usually misunderstand anger. C. Anger indicates a person’s bad temper. D. Parents always treat their children seriously. 30. Why can anger be your best weapon for emergencies? A. It makes you look like a strong person. B. It gives you strength to face difficulties. C. It helps you get rid of outside interruption. D. It is useful for fixing an unpleasant situation. 31. What is the author’s advice about dealing with anger? A. Present anger in a peaceful manner. B. Cover anger if it is not appropriate. C. Face and accept the anger of others bravely. D. Do not fight against anger under any situation. 32. What is the author’s attitude towards anger? A. Indifferent. B. Critical. C Supportive. D. Objective. 【答案】29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了愤怒的作用以及处理愤怒的正确方法。 29.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，特别是第一段的第一句“People tend to treat anger as something terrible and unacceptable.(人们倾向于把愤怒视为可怕和不可接受的事情)”和第一段的最后两句“However, that is not right. Anger plays an extremely important role in a person’s emotional health.(然而，这是不对的。愤怒在一个人的情绪健康中扮演着极其重要的角色)”可以推论出，人们对愤怒是有误解的。故选B项。 30.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句话“Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so. Therefore, when used with care, it is your best weapon (武器) for emergencies.(一般来说，愤怒解释了你准备好面对威胁，并给了你力量。因此，如果小心使用，它是你应对紧急情况的最佳武器)”可知，愤怒能成为你应对紧急情况的最佳武器，是因为它给你力量去面对困难。故选B项。 31.细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句“And it is important to learn how to manage anger, express it in a nonviolent way, and redirect it in constructive directions.(学习如何管理愤怒，以非暴力的方式表达它，并将其转向建设性的方向是很重要的)”可知，作者建议以平和的方式表达愤怒。故选A项。 32.推理判断题。本文客观地介绍了愤怒的作用以及处理愤怒的正确方法。所以作者对愤怒的态度是客观的。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 33. What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 34. What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 35. What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 36. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. 【答案】33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市已成为20至30只郊狼的栖息地，这些动物适应了城市生活，拥有多样的食物来源，并在城市的绿地中建立了自己的生存空间。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest.(纽约市最初并不是郊狼的家园，因为大多数物种来自大平原和西南部)”可知，郊狼最初的栖息地是大平原和西南部。故选D。 34.词句猜测题。根据画线词后“Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi- generational New Yorkers.(目前生活在纽约的许多郊狼实际上可以追溯到第一批到达布朗克斯的原始群体，所以它们是真正的多代纽约狼)”可知，后文主要分析了生活在这里的这些土狼的来源，即指现在总共有20到30只土狼生活在这座城市，画线词义与Living意思相近。故选C。 35.细节理解题。根据第四段“The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park.(这些奇怪的生物每天可以在10英里的空地上行走——想象一下从华尔街到中央公园顶部的路线)”可知，郊狼每天活动范围可至十英里。故选B。 36.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species- rich diet than the non- urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher!(在饮食方面，城市郊狼的饮食种类比非城市郊狼丰富。从植物到兔子，从人类的剩饭到啮齿类动物，城市叫卡不过的饮食其实相当多样化。尽管亨格博士在城市郊狼的粪便中只发现了有限数量的老鼠，但至少在市政府雇佣捕鼠员之前，有办法对付它们！)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了郊狼饮食的多样化。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州一中·期中） Jeremiah Letting learned about coffee from his father. As a child in the late 1980s, he worked on his family’s coffee farm in the hills of western Kenya. “ Every year was the same: seed, plant, ripen, harvest and sell, ” he says. But no longer. Jeremiah Letting and other coffee farmers are suffering from rising temperatures. Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. The plant produces tastier beans than its poor cousin robusta, which often ends up in instant coffee granules (颗粒). Global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050, according to a recent published paper. Although coffee is only Kenya’s fourth-largest export, it directly or indirectly provides an income for about 6 million people, which accounts for over a tenth of the entire population, according to the Kenyan government. “ People are not even able to have three meals a day without a secure income, ” Mr. Letting says. Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea, threatening tea growth. Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other solutions, such as encouraging farmers to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes. It also suggests growing a hybrid (杂交植物), Arabusta, to combine the hardiness (耐寒性) of robusta with the flavour of arabica. People who are particular about coffee may turn up their noses at it, but they may have little choice but to swallow it. Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers at the Royal Botanic Gardens in London, are investigating a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces less coffee beans than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, Vern Long of World Coffee Research warns, “ We’re just going to be drinking instant coffee. ” 37. What’s the effect of global warming on coffee farming? A. More export of coffee for farmers. B. Less revenue for the government. C. Moving downhill for suitable farmlands. D. Reduced production of tasty coffee beans. 38. What does the underlined part “ turn up their noses at it ” probably mean? A. Feel unsatisfied with the coffee. B. Sing high praise for the coffee. C. Become interested in the coffee. D. Pay high attention to the coffee. 39. How does Vern Long feel about the future of coffee production? A. Cautious. B. Uncertain. C. Concerned. D. Optimistic. 40. What can be the best title for the text? A. Arabica Coffee Beans are Dying Out in Kenya B. Kenyan Tea Exports Decline in World Trade C. Short Supplies are Letting Tea Lovers Down D. Coffee Farmers Struggle Against Climate Killer 【答案】37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍受全球变暖的影响，咖啡种植受到了挑战，咖啡种植者不得不与变化的气候作斗争。 37.细节理解题。根据第三段“Global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050, according to a recent published paper. ( 根据最近发表的一篇论文，到2050年，全球变暖可能会使最适合种植阿拉比卡咖啡豆的总面积减少约一半。)”可知，全球变暖使得美味的咖啡豆产量减少。故选D。 38.词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“It also suggests growing a hybrid (杂交植物 ), Arabusta, to combine the hardiness (耐寒性) of robusta with the flavour of arabica. (它还建议种植一种杂交品种Arabusta，将robusta的坚韧与arabica的味道结合起来。)”及后半句“but they may have little choice but to swallow it.(但他们可能别无选择，只能吞下它。)”可知，对咖啡特别挑剔的人对这种杂交品种咖啡的味道很不满意。所以turn up their noses at it为“对这种咖啡不满意”之意。故选A。 39.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Without a breakthrough of some sort, Vern Long of World Coffee Research warns, “ We’re just going to be drinking instant coffee. ”( 世界咖啡研究的Vern Long警告说，如果没有某种形式的突破，“我们就只能喝速溶咖啡了。”)”可推断，Vern Long对未来的咖啡生产很担忧。故选C。 40.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Jeremiah Letting and other coffee farmers are suffering from rising temperatures. ( Jeremiah Letting和其他咖啡种植者正在遭受气温上升的困扰。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍受全球变暖的影响，咖啡种植受到了挑战，咖啡种植者不得不与变化的气候作斗争。所以“Coffee Farmers Struggle Against Climate Killer(咖啡农民与气候杀手斗争)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河师大附中·期中） A butterfly-shaped island in the central Aegean hopes to become Greece’s first carbon-free tourist destination.Under a deal with the government, Volkswagen, a carmaker, has donated several new electric vehicles for use by Astypalea’s public services; it will sell others at cost price to its 1,200 year-round residents. In return, the government has offered more financial assistance for islanders to buy electric cars and will build a solar and wind-fuelled power plant to replace polluting generators. Unlike other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece’s electricity providers. With only 3,000 rooms for visitors in small hotels or flats, tourism is still low-key. Many residents make a living the old-fashioned way: raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. The island was selected for Volkswagen’s experiment after Nikos Komineas,the go-ahead mayor, contacted the transport ministry for help in finding an electric bus to try out on its rough roads. Most islanders sound keen on the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to fall by a third over the next five years. Its residents, he says, will get around on electric minibuses, which will be free,linked to a mobile-phone app and available round the clock. Some observers smell greenwashing in the project. A bid for a solar park that would generate half the island’s electricity within three years will not get under way before the tourist season ends. A single wind-fuelled engine will be set up only in 2026, assuming the licensing process goes smoothly. That is not normally the case in the Aegean, where islanders worry that tourists will go elsewhere if the view is spoiled by an engine 200 meters high. And even then, the solar and wind-fulled power unit is planned to cover only about 80% of summer demand. But it is a start. 41. Why has Volkswagen signed the deal with the government? A. To control car prices. B. To help generate electricity. C. To promote public transport. D. To build a zero-carbon island. 42. What makes Astypalea different from other nearby islands? A. It has an aggressive leader. B. It is out of the national electricity network. C. It is a crowded tourist destination. D. It has various goats, bees and fishes. 43. The underlined word “green washing” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A. an island with few tourists B. a process with little support C. an engine with no polluting fuel D. a strategy with no meaningful changes 44. What does the author think of the project? A. It’s pioneering. B. It’s practical. C. It’s destructive. D. It’s costly. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. D 44. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于一个有关低碳生活的试验，讲述为了将Astypalea岛屿打造成希腊第一个无碳旅游地，大众汽车和政府合作采取的措施及其存在的问题。 41.细节理解题。根据第一段“A butterfly-shaped island in the central Aegean hopes to become Greece’s first carbon-free tourist destination.(爱琴海中部的一个蝴蝶形岛屿希望成为希腊第一个无碳旅游目的地)”可知，政府想把这个岛变成无碳岛，所以大众汽车和政府合作。故选D。 42.细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece’s electricity providers.(与附近的其他岛屿不同，Astypalea没有与希腊的电力供应商相连)”可知，这个岛没有电。故选B。 43.词义猜测题。画线词所在句子是该段主题句。该段主要介绍了对这一举措的负面评价，认为这一举措不可行，甚至还会带来消极影响，只是披着环保外衣而已，故“greenwashing”指“一个没有任何实质性改变的策略”。故选D。 44.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But it is a start.(但它是个开始)”可知，作者认为这个项目是具有开创性的。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南开封五县·期中） Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet? Pandas today don’t eat meat. However, they’ve kept much of their meat-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的), lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return. The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change. Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this, they have developed a long “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (隆起物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down (锉平) food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo. Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals. 45. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the variety of food. B. To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas. C. To describe the changes of living environment. D. To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system. 46. What caused pandas’ change in diet? A. The low-metabolic ability. B. The amino acids in meat. C. The Taslrl gene’s inactivation. D. The supplies of bamboo. 47. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Seizing bamboo shoots. B. The low energy return. C. Developing more fingers. D. The vegetarian diet. 48. What is the text mainly about? A. Pandas’ adaptation to the new environment. B. Pandas’ evolutionary reason and feature in eating. C. Pandas’ unique lifestyle. D. Pandas’ special appearance. 【答案】45. D 46. C 47. A 48. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了熊猫饮食方面进化原因及特征。 45.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested.(它们一天要吃掉12.5公斤的竹子，其中只有17%能被消化。)”可知，熊猫进食量很大，但是吸收量很小，通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。故选D。 46.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids(氨基酸) abundant in meat.(大熊猫转向素食与特定基因Taslrl的失活相一致，该基因使它们能够品尝肉类中富含的某些氨基酸)”可知，熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。故选C。 47.词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.(大熊猫必须抓住又长又细的竹笋)”可知，熊猫需要抓住又长又细的竹笋，结合画线词下文中的“they have developed a long ‘fake-thumb’(伪拇指).(它们进化出了一个长长的‘伪拇指’)”可知，熊猫为了抓住竹笋，所以长出了伪拇指，由此可判断，代词“this”指代的是“抓住竹笋”。故选A。 48.主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet?(那么，熊猫为什么会放弃吃肉，转而吃素呢？)”及第四段中“Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle.(熊猫已经进化到很大程度，以适应它们相对较新的吃竹子的生活方式)”可知，文章主要分析了熊猫饮食方面进化原因及特征。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南遂平·期中） The cultural products we create reflect the times we live in. “Works of popular culture, we reasoned, should reflect the extent to which nature occupies our collective consciousness (集体意识), ” says psychologist Dr Selin Kesebir. “If novelists, songwriters or filmmakers have fewer encounters with nature these days than before, or if they don’t expect their audiences to respond to it, nature would feature less frequently in their works.” The researchers drew up a list of 186 nature-related words belonging to four categories: general words relating to nature such as cloud, or sunrise; names of flowers; names of trees; and birds’ names. Then they analyzed how often these occurred in the output of popular culture. They looked at English-language fiction, pop songs and film plots, each of which featured thousands of examples. The results were consistent across books, songs and movies. “The space taken by nature has been decreasing in the collective imagination and cultural conversation since the 1950s. Nature features significantly less in English popular culture today than it did in the first half of the 20th century” says Dr Kesebir. Why? Some people suggest it’s the growth of cities that has fuelled the change. “Urbanization swallows up natural areas and cuts people off from their natural surroundings,” says Dr Kesebir. But, she goes on, the growth rate of cities over the 20th century is gradual, but the data shows a marked change from the 1950s onwards. So it’s not just the fact that fewer of us are living in rural areas that explains the decline (减少). More likely, she believes, we’re seeing the impact of technological change leading to more indoor recreational activities. Yes, TV, video games and the Internet are to blame. “These technologies may well have been substituted for nature as a source of joy, recreation and entertainment.” Books, songs and films shape our culture as well as reflecting it, says Dr Kesebir. “The declining cultural attention to nature means a muting of the message that nature: is worth paying attention to and talking about. It also means a loss of opportunities to awaken curiosity, appreciation and awe for nature.” 49. How did the researchers conduct their study of popular culture? A. By having interviews. B. By doing field research. C. By analyzing collected data. D. By referring to previous studies. 50. How did English popular culture change after the 1950s? A. It highlighted fictional stories. B. It caught the public’s imagination. C. Its nature elements were greatly reduced. D. Its focus shifted from fiction to conversations. 51. What’s largely responsible for the change according to Dr Kesebir? A. Technology. B. The population. C. City development. D. The environment. 52. What does the underlined word “muting” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Explanation. B. Silence. C. Exchange. D. Emphasis. 【答案】49. C 50. C 51. A 52. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化产品如何反映我们生活的时代，特别是自然在文化产品中的出现频率下降的现象。 49.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers drew up a list of 186 nature-related words belonging to four categories: general words relating to nature such as cloud, or sunrise; names of flowers; names of trees; and birds’ names. Then they analyzed how often these occurred in the output of popular culture. They looked at English-language fiction, pop songs and film plots, each of which featured thousands of examples. (研究人员列出了186个与自然有关的词汇，分为四类：与自然有关的一般词汇，如云、日出；花的名字；树的名字；还有鸟的名字。然后，他们分析了这些在流行文化产出中出现的频率。他们研究了英语小说、流行歌曲和电影情节，每一种都有数千个例子。)”可知，研究人员通过分析收集的数据来进行流行文化研究。故选C。 50.细节理解题。根据文章第三段““The space taken by nature has been decreasing in the collective imagination and cultural conversation since the 1950s. Nature features significantly less in English popular culture today than it did in the first half of the 20th century” says Dr Kesebir. (“自20世纪50年代以来，在集体想象和文化对话中，大自然所占据的空间一直在减少。与20世纪上半叶相比，自然在当今英国流行文化中的地位明显下降。”Kesebirr博士说。)”可知，20世纪50年代以后，自然在当今英国流行文化中的地位明显下降。故选C。 51.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“More likely, she believes, we’ re seeing the impact of technological change leading to more indoor recreational activities. Yes, TV, video games and the Internet are to blame. “These technologies may well have been substituted for nature as a source of joy, recreation and entertainment.” (她认为，更有可能的是，我们看到的是技术变革带来的室内娱乐活动的影响。是的，电视、电子游戏和互联网都是罪魁祸首。“这些技术很可能已经取代了自然，成为快乐、消遣和娱乐的源泉。”)”可知，Kesebirr博士认为造成这一变化的主要原因是技术。故选A。 52.词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“It also means a loss of opportunities to awaken curiosity, appreciation and awe for nature. (这也意味着失去了唤醒对自然好奇心、欣赏和敬畏的机会。)”可推测，划线单词指的应该是“The declining cultural attention to nature (文化对自然关注的减少)”意味着“nature is worth paying attention to and talking about (自然值得关注和谈论的)”这一信息也“无人可知”。选项A“Explanation (解释)”；选项B“Silence (寂静无声)”；选项C“Exchange (交换)”；选项D“Emphasis (强调)”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南焦作·期中） An artificial intelligence (AI) lawyer has almost made history as the first AI to defend a case in court. Called the world’s first “robot lawyer”, the robot is scheduled to give tips to the defendant on how to best argue their case against a speeding ticket when the hearing takes place. Created by newly founded company DoNotPay, the robot lawyer was on a mobile phone and delivered tips through headphones to the defendant, who had agreed to only say what he was told to. The landmark case was planned as a test for DoNotPay’s services and they would pay for any fines incurred if the AI failed to win the case for the defendant. While it may sound like the future of court hearings, there’s a disadvantage - mobile phones and headphones are generally not allowed in courtrooms. However, according to the company’s founder Joshua Browder, the hearing would take place in a location that would consider the headphones a “hearing aid”, thus allowing the AI. With the aim of helping customers get out of paying fines and late fees, as well as saving the costs of hiring a human lawyer, DoNotPay was founded in 2015 and has since moved to Al following rapid advancements in technology that have occurred in the form of OpenAI’s GPT-3. It was previously used to help a customer out of a$16 bank fee using only the AI chatbot, but the company stated it had helped with 3 million cases in the UK and US. However, this is the first time an AI robot has become a lawyer in the courtroom. In October 2022, an AI robot made history by being the first to give evidence in the House of Lords. This groundbreaking moment served as a significant mark in the march of AI into our lives, playing increasingly diverse and influential roles. It was also a reminder that the integration of AI into various fields and institutions is not just a short-lived fashion but a transformative force that is reshaping the world as we know it. 53. Why should the hearing location be specially chosen? A. To attract media attention. B. To show the latest technology. C. To make sure the judges are fair. D. To ensure the AI could be used legally. 54. What is the main reason for DoNotPay creating the AI lawyer? A. To expand the company’s profits. B. To help customers save money. C. To replace human’ lawyers completely. D. To provide legal advice for the general public. 55. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of AI? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Positive. 56. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Limitations Faced by AI Robots B. The Rise of AI Robots in Everyday Life C. Game Changer - AI Lawyer Defends in Court D. Breaking News - AI Lawyer Darkens Human Lawyers’ Future 【答案】53. D 54. B 55. D 56. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一家公司设计的人工智能机器人将在法庭上为被告人提供建议，表明人工智能在人们生活中变得越来越普遍了。 53.细节理解题。根据第三段“While it may sound like the future of court hearings, there’s a disadvantage - mobile phones and headphones are generally not allowed in courtrooms. However, according to the company’s founder Joshua Browder, the hearing would take place in a location that would consider the headphones a “hearing aid”, thus allowing the AI. (虽然这听起来像是法庭听证会的未来，但它有一个缺点——手机和耳机通常不允许进入法庭。然而，根据该公司创始人约书亚·布劳德的说法，听证会将在一个将耳机视为“助听器”的地方举行，从而允许人工智能。)”可知，特别选择听证地点是为了确保人工智能可以合法使用。故选D。 54.推理判断题。根据第四段“With the aim of helping customers get out of paying fines and late fees, as well as saving the costs of hiring a human lawyer, DoNotPay was founded in 2015 and has since moved to Al following rapid advancements in technology that have occurred in the form of OpenAI’s GPT-3. (为了帮助客户免于支付罚款和滞纳金，并节省聘请人类律师的成本，DoNotPay成立于2015年，并在OpenAI的GPT-3技术快速发展后转向人工智能。)”可知，DoNotPay创建人工智能律师的主要原因是帮助顾客省钱。故选B。 55.推理判断题。根据最后一段“This groundbreaking moment served as a significant mark in the march of AI into our lives, playing increasingly diverse and influential roles. It was also a reminder that the integration of AI into various fields and institutions is not just a short-lived fashion but a transformative force that is reshaping the world as we know it. (这个开创性的时刻是人工智能进入我们生活的一个重要标志，扮演着越来越多样化和有影响力的角色。这也提醒我们，人工智能与各个领域和机构的整合不仅仅是一种短暂的时尚，而是一种正在重塑我们所知世界的变革力量。)”可知，作者对AI的未来持乐观态度。故选D。 56.主旨大意题。根据第一段“An artificial intelligence(AI) lawyer has almost made history as the first AI to defend a case in court. Called the world’s first “robot lawyer”, the robot is scheduled to give tips to the defendant on how to best argue their case against a speeding ticket when the hearing takes place. (一名人工智能律师几乎创造了历史，成为第一个在法庭上为案件辩护的人工智能律师。这款机器人被称为世界上第一个“机器人律师”，它将在听证会上为被告提供建议，告诉被告如何最好地为自己的超速罚单辩护。)”引出文章的中心话题——人工智能机器人律师将在法庭上为被告人辩护，接下来讲述该机器人律师被研发的背景及相关信息，最后表明作者非常看好人工智能的发展前景。因此C项“游戏改变者 — AI律师在法庭上辩护”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable. “In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.” And while the plot of a city girl meeting a hometown guy is overused, Rutledge says these romantic holiday movies satisfy our inner desire for social connection and provide our brain with the confidence to anticipate something and have that be the case. The holiday season itself can be stressful, making these movies an easy go - to for relaxation during a busy time of year. “These movies can act as ‘cinema therapy,’ when you can relax with your friends,” says Allison Eden, associate professor of communication at Michigan State. “You don’t have to work too hard to enjoy it. They’re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.” The most stressed you’ll feel during most holiday movies? A silly, low- conflict misunderstanding between love interests that you know will be resolved by the end. “The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win - win,” Rutledge says. If you think you can find the same win - win in other forms of media, it may be harder than you think. People often use social media as a way to escape, for example, but it’s not always the pick- me- up you may be looking for. With social media, you really never know what you’re going to come up against. 57. What contribute most to the popularity of holiday movies? A. Predictable plots. B. Appealing themes. C. Unexpected endings. D. Romantic elements. 58. What does the underlined phrase “cinema therapy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A call for easy work. B. A form of stress relief. C. A chance to enjoy movies. D. A way to develop friendship. 59. Why does Rutledge view holiday movies as sort of a win-win? A. They enhance our brain function. B. They provide a comforting escape. C. They offer emotional satisfaction. D. They assist in resolving low conflicts. 60. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to watch holiday movies. B. To introduce the features of holiday movies. C. To explain why your brain loves holiday movies. D. To compare holiday movies with other forms of media. 【答案】57. A 58. B 59. C 60. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了人们喜欢假日电影的原因。 57.细节理解题。根据第一段““In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.”(“事实上，这就是吸引我们回来的原因。媒体心理学家帕梅拉·拉特利奇博士说：“如果他们没有一点可预测性，你几乎会感到失望。不会有什么惊心动魄的惊喜等着你猝不及防。”)”可知，节日电影受欢迎的最大原因是情节可预测。故选A。 58.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“when you can relax with your friends(你可以和你的朋友放松)”以及“They’ re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.(它们只是温和安慰、让人感觉良好的电影，真的很有帮助，尤其是在压力大的时候)”可知，这些电影只是温和安慰、让人感觉良好的电影，尤其是在压力大的时候，可以让你和你的朋友放松，说明它们是一种缓解压力的方式。故划线词指的是“一种缓解压力的方式”。故选B。 59.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’ re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win- win,” Rutledge says.( Rutledge说：“大脑对整个过程做出反应，既会产生多巴胺，也会在你谈论温暖、联系和爱的感觉时释放催产素。”所以这是一种双赢。”)”可知，Rutledge认为节日电影是一种双赢因为他们提供情感上的满足。故选C。 60.推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable.(这是朋友、家人和奶酪假日电影的季节。无论你是圣诞经典的粉丝，还是喜欢流媒体和电视特别节目，节日电影如此受欢迎总是有原因的——即使是最可预测的)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释为什么你的大脑喜欢假日电影。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南开封·期中） Retired Army Col. Farrell Patrick taught computer science at West Point during the 1970s and then at two private universities through the 1990s, so he isn’t surprised by the progress technology has made over the decades. But when the 91-year-old got his first virtual reality (VR) experience recently, he was amazed. Sitting in a conference room at John Knox Village, Patrick sat up straight as his eyes and ears experienced what it would be like to be in a Navy fighter jet flying off the Florida coast. John Knox Village was one of 17 senior communities around the country that participated in a recently published Stanford University study. During the study, the seniors were picked from seven-minute virtual experiences such as riding in a tank, watching stage performances, playing with dogs and cats or visiting places like Paris or Egypt. The participants wore headsets that gave them 360-degree views and sounds, making it seem like they had been all but dropped into the actual experience. The study, working with the company Mynd Immersive, found that almost 80% of the seniors reported having a more positive attitude after their VR session and almost 60% said they felt less isolated socially. The enjoyment lessened somewhat for older respondents whose sight and hearing had deteriorated (恶化). Those who found VR less enjoyable were also more likely to dislike technology in general. The company has worked on the biggest complaints the seniors in the study had about VR—the headsets were too heavy and the heat they generated made the seniors’ foreheads sweat. The new headsets weigh about six ounces (189 grams) instead of a pound (454 grams). Besides, they have a built-in fan for cooling, and the videos aren’t as jumpy. Patrick says he hopes to live to 100 because he believes the next five years will see momentous changes in VR. Still a technology enthusiast, he believes the cost of systems will drop dramatically and become part of everyday living, even for seniors. 61. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To reach a conclusion. C. To present an argument. D. To make a definition. 62. Why does the author mention “Paris or Egypt” in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate the two cities’ support for VR. B. To explain why seniors are crazy about traveling. C. To compare the differences between the two cities. D. To show the VR experiences the seniors can choose from. 63. What did the study find? A. Most seniors enjoyed VR. B. Old people preferred socializing. C. Seniors’ sight and hearing became worse. D. Most retired people disliked high-tech products. 64. What do the figures in paragraph 5 indicate about Mynd Immersive? A. Its products hardly appeal to seniors. B. Its goal is to produce high-quality videos. C. It has made improvements on the headsets. D. It has got a lot of complaints from teenagers. 【答案】61. A 62. D 63. A 64. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学发布的研究，研究主要介绍了老年人体验VR的活动，以及老年人对VR的评价。作为代表的Patrick认为VR的未来是可期的。 61.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But when the 91-year-old got his first virtual reality (VR) experience recently, he was amazed.(但是当这个91岁的老人第一次经历虚拟现实体验时，他感到十分惊讶。)”以及后文对这次体验的详细介绍可知，第一段介绍Patrick这个人的背景和体验感受是为了引入主题，故选A。 62.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“During the study, the seniors picked from seven-minute virtual experiences such as riding in a tank, watching stage performances, playing with dogs and cats or visiting places like Paris or Egypt.(在这项研究中，老年人可从七分钟的虚拟体验中挑选活动，比如说乘坐坦克、观看舞台表演、与猫狗玩耍或参观巴黎或埃及等地。)”可知，本段提到巴黎和埃及是因为巴黎和埃及是七分钟的虚拟体验的活动之一，也就是老年人可以选择的体验，故选D。 63.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The study, working with the company Mynd Immersive, found that almost 80% of the seniors reported having a more positive attitude after their VR session and almost 60% said they felt less isolated socially.(这项与Mynd Immersive公司合作的研究发现，80%的老年人报道说在虚拟现实课堂后表现出积极的态度，近60%的人表示他们在社交上感到不那么孤立。)”可知，80%和60%的老年人在参加虚拟课堂后表现积极，他们表示很喜欢虚拟现实，故选A。 64.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The new headsets weigh about six ounces (189 grams) instead of a pound (454 grams).(新的耳机大概重6盎司（189克），而不是1磅（454克）。)”可知，参加研究的老年人抱怨耳机太重了，因此新的耳机的重量大大减少，故此数据表明Mynd Immersive公司在耳机上做出的改进，故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河大附中·期中） I recently read The Big Leap by Gay Hendricks, a psychologist who introduces the concept of different “zones” in life and work. These zones describe varying levels of ability and fulfillment (满足感) in our activities. The Zone of Disability involves tasks you’re not good at; the Zone of Ability includes tasks you’re capable of but find unsatisfying. The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. What explains this contradiction? Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently. In the United States, extroversion is often idealized. In contrast, in some East Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, value is associated with introversion. Differences also exist between Northern and Southern Europe. Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. Contrary to the opinion that introverts are shy, research suggests they possess unique skills and strengths. The Harvard Grant Study shows that introverts tend to have fewer but deeper and more meaningful relationships. Another misunderstanding is that introverts do not make good leaders. However, studies show that introverted leaders can be just as effective — if not more so than the extroverts. It’s vital to distinguish between introversion and shyness. Shyness is a fear of social judgment. However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. So, the next time you meet an introvert, remember that their quiet behavior may hide a world of deep thoughts, keen insights, and powerful leadership potential. 65. If your Zone of Excellence is “English”, it may mean ________. A. you are in trouble completing English assignments B. you can display your talent in English to the fullest C. your mind always wander off when learning English D. you have a grasp of English but feel upset occasionally 66. Why did the author consider framing the results and hanging them? A. The results were in line with his belief. B. The results proved his ability in social life. C. The results confirmed his nature of introversion. D. The results reminded him to avoid social contacts. 67. According to the text, to tell whether a person is an introvert, you should take ________ into consideration. A. his birthplace B. his inner value C. his cultural background D. his education level 68. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about the introverts? A. They can develop lasting relationships with others. B. They fear deeper and more meaningful relationships. C. They have advantages over the extroverts in workplace. D. They often hide their unique potential in front of others. 【答案】65. D 66. B 67. C 68. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自身的例子说明了内向的人的特点，并指出理解“内向”时应注意的问题。 65.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. (卓越区是你脱颖而出的地方，但可能会感到有点沮丧，最后，天才区是你独特的才能和激情闪耀的地方，会带来深刻的满足感。)”可知，如果你的特长是“英语”，这可能意味着你精通英语，但偶尔会感到沮丧。故选D项。 66.推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. (为了找出自己的“天才地带”，我做了一个相关的测试。令我惊讶的是，我的天赋是“建立关系网”。我甚至想过把结果裱起来挂在壁炉上。这种情况特别有趣，因为我经常被认为是一个内向的人——有些人会说我倾向于逃避社会交往。这让我偶尔情绪低落，怀疑自己的社交能力。)”可知，作者考虑把结果裱起来挂起来是因为结果证明了他在社会生活中的能力。故选B项。 67.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently.(对内向的看法在很大程度上取决于文化期望，不同的社会对“内向”和“外向”行为的定义不同。)”和最后一句“Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. (研究表明，在不同的文化中，内向的程度差异很大，因此很难给内向贴上统一的标签。)”可知，要判断一个人是否内向，你应该考虑他的文化背景。故选C项。 68.细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. (然而，内向的人可能非常善于社交，尤其是在小团体或一对一的谈话中。比起闲聊，他们更喜欢有意义的互动，这使他们成为建立深厚、持久关系的专家。)”可知，内向者可以与他人建立持久的关系。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南商丘·期中） “No pains, no gains” is an old saying in English. It means that one has to suffer or work hard in order to succeed or make progress. The expression is now often used to push people to train harder or exercise more to get good effects. “But just how much pain do you have to have from weight training? The answer depends on what you are trying to gain,” fitness experts say. For years, some trainers have told people that to get the best results, they need to train “until failure.” Training “until failure” means that you do an exercise until you cannot do one more repetition. Some recent studies, however, suggest training “until failure” with weights may only help some people. Michael Zourdos, who co-reviewed 55 research papers in Sports Medicine, said those aiming to increase muscle mass can consider training to failure, which may build bigger muscles but isn’t needed to increase strength. For the average person simply looking to increase their fitness levels, Zourdos said it’s much easier to get results. He explained people who work out regularly would benefit from an intense period that comes within 5 to 10 repetitions of failure. He also said that people who train until failure might be so tired and in so much pain that they miss their next workout or two. In rare cases, extremely difficult training can even be harmful. James Fisher, a sport science expert in Southampton, England, said many dislike working to tiredness. He noted that if short on time, one can push harder and shorten the gym session. For strength, muscles need a certain push. But the best workout is one that people will actually do. Failure training can be part of workouts for various fitness goals, with muscle rest needed. For experienced people, save it for some works or the last set as it’s tough. “It’s not meant to be for every person, every time they work out,” Fisher said. “This is a tough way to exercise.” 69. What determines the pain weight training brings about? A. Types of fitness. B. Advice of experts. C. Training quantity. D. Established goals. 70. What can be inferred about “failure training” from Paragraph 4? A. It comes at a cost at times. B. It has nothing but benefits. C. It’s much easier to get results. D. It acts on “no pains, no gains”. 71. What is the author’s attitude towards “until failure”? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 72. What does James Fisher want to stress about workout in the last paragraph? A. It’s individual-specific. B. It’s universally applicable. C. It’s very tough to stick to. D. It’s a must for most people. 【答案】69. D 70. A 71. B 72. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“没有付出就没有收获”这一理念在健身中的应用，特别是关于力量训练中“until failure（力竭）”的训练方式，同时，强调训练强度应根据个人目标调整，过度训练可能导致疲惫和伤害。 69.细节理解题。根据第二段中“ ‘But just how much pain do you have to have from weight training? The answer depends on what you are trying to gain,’ fitness experts say. (“但是，你在举重训练中到底要承受多少痛苦呢？健身专家说，答案取决于你想要获得什么。”)”可知，目标决定了负重训练带来的痛苦。故选D项。 70.推理判断题。根据第四段中“He also said that people who train until failure might be so tired and in so much pain that they miss their next workout or two. In rare cases, extremely difficult training can even be harmful. (他还说，训练到失败的人可能会非常疲惫和痛苦，以至于他们错过了下一两次锻炼。在极少数情况下，极其困难的训练甚至可能是有害的。)”可知，failure training是有代价的。故选A项。 71.推理判断题。根据第三段“Michael Zourdos, who co-reviewed 55 research papers in Sports Medicine, said those aiming to increase muscle mass can consider training to failure, which may build bigger muscles but isn’t needed to increase strength. (共同审查了《运动医学》杂志上55篇研究论文的迈克尔·祖多斯（Michael Zourdos）表示，那些旨在增加肌肉质量的人可以考虑训练失败，这可能会锻炼更大的肌肉，但不是增加力量所必需的。)”可知，阐述了其被认可的方面，以及第四段“For the average person simply looking to increase their fitness levels, Zourdos said it’s much easier to get results. He explained people who work out regularly would benefit from an intense period that comes within 5 to 10 repetitions of failure. He also said that people who train until failure might be so tired and in so much pain that they miss their next workout or two. In rare cases, extremely difficult training can even be harmful. (对于只想提高体能水平的普通人来说，Zourdos说获得结果要容易得多。他解释说，经常锻炼的人会从重复5到10次失败的高强度时期中受益。他还说，训练到失败的人可能会非常疲惫和痛苦，以至于他们错过了下一两次锻炼。在极少数情况下，极其困难的训练甚至可能是有害的。)”可知，阐述了其局限性和可能存在的问题，因此作者没有偏向于支持或反对“until failure”，只是客观地把不同情况、不同观点以及相关研究发现等都呈现出来，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。 72.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ ‘It’s not meant to be for every person, every time they work out,’ Fisher said. ‘This is a tough way to exercise.’ (“这并不意味着每个人都适合每次锻炼，”费舍尔说。“这是一种艰难的锻炼方式。”)”可知，关于锻炼，Fisher认为要因人而异。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南中牟·期中） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring. As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose (使接触) us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are not customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to raise information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-attracting items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, news agencies, which are trustworthy. The last is: “never feed the trolls.” Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victims (受害者) to those who try to control our attention, time and minds. 73. What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A. It offers more information. B. It features depressing stories. C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click. 74. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A. To discuss the quality of information. B. To prove the benefits of healthy food. C. To show the importance of environments. D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 75. What should we do to deal with Internet trolls according to the text? A. Turn a deaf ear to them. B. Review their intention. C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them. 76. What is the text mainly about? A. Importance of critical thinking in online search. B. Skills to practice critical ignoring in the digital age. C. Benefits of critical ignoring in the attention economy. D. Strategies to improve critical thinking for Internet users. 【答案】73. D 74. C 75. A 76. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在数字时代，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判性思维不再是唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。 73.细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，注意力经济可以让我们接触到盈利性广告，并从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。 74.推理判断题，根据第三段中“Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-attracting items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to keep them out of sight at first!(同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们放在视线之外)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线的数字环境，以此来表明环境的重要性。故选C项。 75.细节理解题，根据倒数第二段中“Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention,(喷子是一些在网上传播虚假信息以造成伤害的人，不要纠正他们，因为他们不关心信息是否正确。惹恼别人是他们的目标。所以，永远不要用我们的注意力来回应他们的不良行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选A项。 76.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring.(但在数字时代，著名心理学家Anastasia Kozyreva认为，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”)”和第三段中“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies.(Kozyreva认为，“批判性忽视”包括三种策略)”可知，本文主要讨论了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技能。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南南阳一中·期中） When it comes to an art gallery, a cave seems a strange choice. Many ancient cave paintings, which mark the first known examples of artwork by prehistorical humans, are so deep under the ground that it would have taken extraordinary effort to view them. So, if you’re an ancient artist, what might inspire you to paint scenes of life? As it turns out, Israeli archaeologists may have figured out the answer. The artists were tripping — literally. According to a new paper in “Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture”, the humans who ventured into these underground places during the Upper Paleolithic (50,000 to 12,000 years ago) would have needed to light torches in order to see what they were doing. In the process, they would have reduced the amount of oxygen in the caves, inducing hypoxia (缺氧) in their brains. That, in turn, would have put them in a state of changed consciousness, experiencing excitement, out - of - body experiences and even hallucinations (幻觉). These different states of consciousness could have been a cause for creating cave art seen as a way to communicate with things on the other side of the wall. “We discuss the significance of caves in local world views and claim that entering these deep, dark environments was a conscious choice, motivated by an understanding of the transformative nature of an underground, oxygen-lack space,” the authors write. The researchers suggest that caves and rock shelters are likely to have been viewed as doors to an underground world associated with prosperity and growth. They indicate that the rock face was seen as a “tissue” connecting the here and now and the world beyond, “allowing early humans to maintain their connectedness with the universe”. The humans who used them would have viewed the caves as sacred (神圣的) spaces, locations that deserved awe and respect. “It was not the decoration that demonstrated the significance of caves,” the authors write. “Rather, the significance of the chosen caves was the reason for their decoration.” 77. What does the author think “The artists were tripping.”? A. They painted in a confused state of mind. B. They had no fixed settlement to create art. C. They attempted to create a new painting style. D. Their inspiration of painting came from the trips. 78. How did the researchers view caves and rock shelters’ role in early humans’ lives? A. They offered them hiding places. B. They were their spiritual gateways. C. They were their sources of creativity. D. They stood for prosperity and growth. 79. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Art creation on the rocks made the caves more important. B. The caves themselves mattered compared to the art creation. C. It was rather tough for artists to choose the caves for painting. D. The caves decorated with paintings reminded people of the past. 80. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The earliest art form in human civilization. B. The significance of caves in Israeli. C. The introduction to cave paintings in Israeli. D. Ancient artists’ way to explore the world. 【答案】77. D 78. B 79. B 80. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列考古学家的研究发现，他们认为早期人类在洞穴中创作艺术的灵感源于迷幻体验，他们在洞穴中摸黑行动，需要点燃火把，使得洞穴中的氧气减少，引发了缺氧，进而导致他们产生兴奋、出窍体验和幻觉等迷幻体验。 77.推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the process, they would have reduced the amount of oxygen in the caves, inducing hypoxia (缺氧) in their brains. That, in turn, would have put them in a state of changed consciousness, experiencing excitement, out - of - body experiences and even hallucinations (幻觉) . These different states of consciousness could have been a cause for creating cave art seen as a way to communicate with things on the other side of the wall.( 这反过来又会使他们处于一种意识改变的状态，经历兴奋、出窍甚至幻觉。这些不同的意识状态可能是创造洞穴艺术的原因，被视为与墙另一边的事物交流的一种方式。)”可知，他们在这种迷幻状态下，可能会将洞穴视为与另一个世界进行沟通的方式，从而创作出了洞穴艺术。所以，可以推断出“The artists were tripping”是指他们的创作灵感来源于他们的迷幻体验，这是他们故意在寻找一种新的绘画方式。故选D项。 78.推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers suggest that caves and rock shelters are likely to have been viewed as doors to an underground world associated with prosperity and growth. They indicate that the rock face was seen as a “tissue” connecting the here and now and the world beyond, “allowing early humans to maintain their connectedness with the universe”. The humans who used them would have viewed the caves as sacred (神圣的) spaces, locations that deserved awe and respect. ( 研究人员认为，洞穴和岩石庇护所很可能被视为通往地下世界的大门，与繁荣和增长有关。他们指出，岩石表面被视为连接此时此地和未来世界的“组织”，“允许早期人类保持与宇宙的联系”。使用它们的人会把洞穴视为神圣的空间，值得敬畏和尊重的地方。)”可推知，研究人员认为洞穴和岩洞在早期人类的生活中扮演了精神门户的角色。故选B项。 79.推理判断题。根据最后一段““It was not the decoration that demonstrated the significance of caves,” the authors write. “Rather, the significance of the chosen caves was the reason for their decoration.”(“并不是这些装饰显示了洞穴的重要性，”作者写道。“更确切地说，选择洞穴的意义是它们装饰的原因。”)”可推知，洞穴本身的重要性要高于洞穴中的画作，这也是为什么这些洞穴被赋予了深厚的历史和文化价值。故选B项。 80.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“When it comes to an art gallery, a cave seems a strange choice. Many ancient cave paintings, which mark the first known examples of artwork by prehistorical humans, are so deep under the ground that it would have taken extraordinary effort to view them.( 说到艺术画廊，洞穴似乎是一个奇怪的选择。许多古代洞穴壁画标志着史前人类艺术作品的第一个已知例子，它们埋藏在地下很深的地方，要想看到它们需要付出极大的努力。)”可知，文章的主要内容是关于洞穴艺术，这是人类最早的艺术形式。文章介绍了以色列考古学家的研究发现，他们认为早期人类在洞穴中创作艺术的灵感源于迷幻体验，他们在洞穴中摸黑行动，需要点燃火把，使得洞穴中的氧气减少，引发了缺氧，进而导致他们产生兴奋、出窍体验和幻觉等迷幻体验。他们在这种迷幻状态下，可能会将洞穴视为与另一个世界进行沟通的方式，从而创作出了洞穴艺术。因此，可以推断出文章主要讨论的是人类最早的艺术形式，即洞穴艺术。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南商丘·期中） A team of scientists at NTU Singapore has developed grain-sized soft robots that can be controlled using magnetic fields(磁场) for targeted drug delivery, paving the way to possible improved treatment in future. The study is believed to be the first reported instance of tiny robots that can transport up to four different drugs and release them in reprogrammable orders and doses(剂量). “Compared to earlier small-scale robots which can only carry up to three types of drugs and cannot be programmed for release in order, the newly-developed tiny robots offer precision(精确) functions that have the potential to significantly improve the result of treatment while minimising side effects,” said the research team. The NTU team had previously developed magnetically controlled tiny robots capable of complex operation such as “swimming” through tight spaces and finding tiny objects. Building on their earlier work, lead investigator, Assistant Professor Lum Guo Zhan from the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(MAE), said the idea was from the 1960s film “Fantastic Voyage”, in which a repairman became as small as a cell to repair damage in an injured scientist’s brain. Unlike existing tiny robots that cannot precisely control their directions, the newly developed soft robot can exactly and quickly roll and move to the place having problems. It offers great potential for navigating complex, unstructured environments inside the human body. In lab experiments, the robot completed tasks in water mimicking the human body’s conditions. The robot was first placed on a surface divided into four sections, and it succeeded in moving to each section at speeds of between 0.30mm and 16.5mm per second and releasing a different drug in each section, proving its ability to carry various drugs and to be programmable for their release in a controlled manner. In a thicker liquid, it also performed well. With minimal drug leakage after eight hours, it’s good for precise drug delivery. The NTU research team is now looking to make their robots even smaller so that they could eventually be used to provide pioneering treatments for cancer treatments. Before these tiny robots are used for such medical treatments, the NTU researchers aim to further evaluate their performance with organ-on-chip devices and animal models. 81. What’s the purpose of Lum Guo Zhan’s mention of “Fantastic Voyage”? A. To stress sci-fi movies effect. B. To explain the structure of cells. C. To introduce an interesting movie. D. To show the inspiration for their work. 82. How do the newly-developed soft robots differ from earlier small-scale robots? A. They have higher accuracy. B. They can carry more drug doses. C. They can be programmed automatically. D. They make the treatment more effective. 83. What does the underlined word “mimicking” mean in paragraph 6? A. Imagining. B. Copying. C. Matching. D. Affecting. 84. What does the last paragraph want to show us about the tiny robots? A. The basis of their theory. B. The direction of next efforts. C. The unavoidable disadvantages. D. The doubt from the public. 【答案】81. D 82. A 83. B 84. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新加坡南洋理工大学的科学家们开发了可用磁场控制的微型软体机器人，实现精准药物输送。这种机器人能携带多达四种药物，并以可编程顺序释放，潜力巨大，有望改善治疗效果并减少副作用。 81.细节理解题。根据第四段“Building on their earlier work, lead investigator, Assistant Professor Lum Guo Zhan from the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(MAE), said the idea was from the 1960s film “Fantastic Voyage”, in which a repairman became as small as a cell to repair damage in an injured scientist’s brain. (基于他们早期的工作，首席研究员、机械与航空航天工程学院的助理教授Lum Guo Zhan表示，这个想法来自20世纪60年代的电影《神奇旅程》，在这部电影中，一名修理工变得和细胞一样小，以修复受伤科学家大脑中的损伤。)”可知，Lum Guo Zhan提及“Fantastic Voyage”是为了说明该电影启发了他们的研究工作，故选D项。 82.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Unlike existing tiny robots that cannot precisely control their directions, the newly developed soft robot can exactly and quickly roll and move to the place having problems. (与现有的无法精确控制方向的微型机器人不同，新开发的软体机器人可以准确且快速地滚动并移动到有问题的地方。)”可知，不同与早期的微型机器人，这款机器人具有更高的精确度，故选A项。 83.词句猜测题。根据第六段中的“In lab experiments, the robot completed tasks in water mimicking the human body’s conditions. (在实验室实验中，机器人在水中完成任务，……人体的状况。)”可知，机器人在水中完成任务，而水是在模仿人体的状况，也就是尽可能去模仿出类似人体内部环境的条件以便让机器人进行相关测试，mimicking在句中意为“模仿、复制”，故选B项。 84.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Before these tiny robots are used for such medical treatments, the NTU researchers aim to further evaluate their performance with organ-on-chip devices and animal models. (在这些微型机器人用于此类医疗治疗之前，南洋理工大学的研究人员旨在通过器官芯片设备和动物模型进一步评估它们的性能。)”可知，最后一段是想给读者介绍下一步努力的方向，故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南许昌·期中） According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar. In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off? The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them? Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs. But we also can’t tell from observational studies, which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes. For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs. 85. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on. 86. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies. B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies. C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies. D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report. 87. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text? A. They cost little B. They tend to last long. C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data 88. How should the government help RCTs? A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support C. By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies 【答案】85. B 86. D 87. C 88. B 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是一篇说明文。它主要解释了世界卫生组织（WHO）关于非糖甜味剂使用的推荐，并详细分析了支持这一推荐的研究证据和现有研究的局限性。 85.词句猜测题。根据第二段“In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off? (在报告中，世界卫生组织引用了长期使用非糖甜味剂与糖尿病和死亡风险增加有关的证据。非糖甜味剂是如何与它们本应fend off的负面健康影响联系在一起的？)”可知，非糖甜味剂与糖尿病和增加死亡风险有关，即它们本应“防御”的负面健康影响有关，这里的fend off应理解为“防御，抵挡”或“对抗”。A. Put out扑灭；B. Defend against防御，抵抗；C. Keep up跟上，赶上；D. Count on指望，依靠。故选B。 86.主旨大意题。根据第三段“The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them? Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results. (世卫组织在审查了数百项已发表的研究后提出了这一建议。问题是这些研究绝大多数是观察性的。在这样的研究中，受试者倾向于自我报告他们的食物摄入量，这可能不能保证不准确。更重要的是，观察性研究不能确定因果关系。是无糖甜味剂导致糖尿病，还是有患糖尿病风险的人更容易食用它们？最后，在这些研究中，有许多研究人员无法控制的变量可能会影响结果。)”可知，这一段主要讲述了WHO报告中观察性研究的局限性，包括自报告数据不准确的问题和无法确定因果关系的问题，故选D。 87.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect (这些研究通过将人们随机分配到治疗组或对照组来控制变量，他们可以确定因果关系。他们表明，甜味剂对减肥有一定的好处，有助于控制血糖，没有观察性研究中看到的负面影响。随机对照试验的缺点是持续时间较短，通常只持续几个月。)”可知，RCTs能够控制变量并确定因果关系，故选C。 88.细节理解题。根据最后一段“For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs. (要想发生改变，可能需要从最高层开始，那里的科学是由政府机构资助的，它们为研究拨款数十亿美元，应该开始优先考虑RCTs。)”可知，政府应该通过提供财政支持来帮助RCTs，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南百师联盟·期中） Who doesn’t love a warm, delicious and satisfying meal? Food is what keeps human bodies full of nutrients and it provides the energy needed to go through life. But there is more to eating than just survival. People often use food to bond (建立密切联系) with others through shared meals, food gifts and at celebrations. As the Better Health Channel reports, food is used by people in all countries and cultures around the world as a way to come together and enjoy. Gathering together with friends and family, or even with strangers, nourishes (滋养) more than our bodies. And what’s interesting is that it’s not necessarily the actual food that makes the meal so important. The social interaction of the meal setting encourages people to pay attention to each other and to connect, Life Magazine reports. So how can people include these important “bonding through food” practices into their lives? Some suggest going out to eat with friends, family members or coworkers bi-monthly or even weekly. Going out to eat or sharing meals with others creates much deeper and more meaningful interactions when compared to other joint activities like watching a movie or TV together. Research conducted by the University of Oxford showed that people who eat socially are more well adjusted in social and emotional settings and are more likely to feel better about themselves. And although many people eat their meals alone, 76 percent of the people questioned think sharing a meal is a good way to bring people closer. So why is it that eating with others feels good? A study conducted by the University of Chicago concludes that it is all about trust. According the research, food helps develop trust since eating the same food together with someone else suggests that both parties are willing to bring the same thing into their body. It’s only natural that trust and cooperation are likely to develop as a result of this bonding experience. 1. What is the purpose of sharing meals beyond survival? A. To provide energy for the body. B. To bring people together socially. C. To serve as a form of entertainment. D. To celebrate personal achievements. 2. What can we know from the Life Magazine’s reports? A. Social interaction during meals is significant. B. Meals are primarily for nutritional purposes. C. The food itself is the most important aspect. D. Eating alone is more beneficial than sharing meals. 3. How can people put “bonding through food” into practice? A. By sharing food gifts more often. B. By watching movies or TV together. C. By spending more time with the family. D. By eating together with others regularly. 4. Why does sharing meals feel good? A. It provides a sense of belonging. B. It offers an opportunity for relaxation. C. It develops trust between individuals. D. It allows for the sharing of diverse opinions. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南鹿邑·期中） If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登记卡) to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(价钱). From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相应地). With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 5. While taking a taxi in Finland, _____. A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride C. a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go D. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration (证明) before leaving without paying 6. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland ________. A. are mostly poorly managed B. provide meals for any diners C. provide free wine and charge for food D. provide meal for only those who live in the hotels 7. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The workers are always honest with their working hours. C. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. D. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. 8. The word “those” in the last but one paragraph probably refers to _____. A. people who are dishonest B. people who often have meals in big hotels C. people who often take taxis D people who are worthy of trust Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南遂平·期中） Staying in hospital can be difficult for patients, often causing fear and anxiety, especially in younger individuals. These emotions can easily take over, but hospitals in Richmond, Virginia, have programs to relieve some of the stress and create moments of joy. Due to a program called Dogs On Call provided by the non-profit organization Center for Human-Animal Interaction, at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond, the sound of dogs coming down the hallway creates an atmosphere of excitement among child patients. For 21 years, the volunteer-run program has been connecting dogs with those in need of an inspiring moment. With the necessary registration steps, dogs and handlers can participate in weekly visits to the hospital. Besides the scheduled visits, parents or children can request a specific team to visit their rooms. “When a patient interacts with a dog, it can decrease blood pressure and reduce pain,” says Nancy R. Gee, executive director of the center. Their faces change just for a moment. They’re not thinking about their health situation or their pain. Just for that moment, they’re just kids with a dog. Instead of Dogs On Call, Bon Secours St. Mary’s Hospital of Richmond provides Happy Wheels, a program in which a cart full of treats and other items rolling through the halls of the hospital. The volunteer-run program visits four times a week. They go from room to room to hand out toys, coffee, snacks, and other comfort items. All of the items found in the cart are donated to the program and handed out to families in all children’s care units. “It’s an opportunity for the children to be children and to get excited about a new toy coming in their rooms, ”says Laura Gepford, child life specialist at St. Mary’s Hospital. “Besides the fevers, the medicine and all the difficult things that occur in the hospital, they have the shining of happy moments. That’s what people hold onto. ” 9. What do we know about the program Dogs On Call? A. Dogs might frighten the child patients. B. Dog visits must follow a fixed schedule. C. It gives mental treatment to the child patients. D. It is financially supported by the government. 10. What does Nancy R Gee mean in paragraph 4? A. Children care for dogs by nature. B. Children’s moods are changeable. C. Children are too young to take their illness seriously. D. Children’s spirits are lifted by the dogs’ companion. 11. What is Laura Gepford’s attitude to the Happy Wheels program? A. Concerned. B. Appreciative. C. Dissatisfied. D. Doubtful. 12. How do the two programs in the text help? A. By bringing patients comfort and cheer. B. By changing people’s attitude to illness. C. By telling people the importance of play. D. By guiding parents to better comfort kids. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） Josh Primm has just moved to New York City with his parents. He’s shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school. Then he makes a friend— Lyle, a crocodile. Lyle is no ordinary crocodile. For one thing, he sings. Josh’s parents are terrified of him at first, but Lyle soon becomes part of the family. When Mr. Grumps, their unfriendly neighbor, threatens to have Lyle taken away, the Primms pull together to protect the creature. Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile is a musical comedy based on the popular children’s books by Bernard Waber. Josh is played by Winslow Fegley, 13. He said he came to understand the shy boy. “Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell,” Winslow said. “And it’s Lyle, understanding the boy’s loneliness, who helps him do this. By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things,” Winslow added. “I can relate to that.” The Lyle we see in the movie is computer- animated. He’s voiced by singer Shawn Mendes. But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”, actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set. This made it easier for Winslow to get into character. “It was a great experience because I could work with a real person,” Winslow said. “I was able to react to his emotions.” Winslow has the same admiration for everyone involved in making the movie. “All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job,” he said. “It’s not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character. It’s really easy to fall in love with him.” The film also stars Constance Wu as Josh’s mom and Javier Bardem as Hector P. Valenti, Lyle’s owner. “With all these very talented people,” Winslow said, “we made an amazing film that’s great, hopefully, for all ages.” Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile opened in theaters on October 7. 13. What did Lyle do in the story? A. He taught Josh to sing. B. He helped Jos h overcome his shyness. C. He invited Josh to a crocodile concert. D. He competed with Jos h in a talent show. 14. What is the movie Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile mainly about? A. Winslow Fegley struggles to become an actor. B. Lyle, a crocodile, becomes a pop star in New York City. C. Josh adapts to a new school with the help of a crocodile. D. The Primm family’s neighbor tries to drive their pet crocodile away. 15. How did Ben’s Lyle affect Winslow? A. It challenged him to act against a pre- recorded voice. B. It simplified the process of working with special effects. C. It allowed him to practice communicating with a crocodile. D. It enabled him to perform better in his role. 16. What does Winslow Fegley admire about the film’s special effects team? A. Their work with actor Ben Palacios. B. Their creation of a lovable character. C. Their ability to make Lyle look harmless. D. Their contribution to the film’s music. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南南阳一中·期中） Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events — can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline-recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research, often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30-minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 17. What is the main finding of the new research? A. Exercising on weekends is more beneficial. B. Most people prefer to exercise on weekdays. C. Regular daily exercise is essential for heart health. D. Weekend exercise has benefits similar to daily exercise. 18. How did the researchers get their findings? A. By observing people’s exercise habits. B. By conducting interviews with patients. C. By reviewing residents’ medical records. D. By analyzing data from wearable devices. 19. How long is the recommended weekly duration for moderate-intensity exercise for adults? A. At least 30 minutes. B. At least 100 minutes. C. At least 150 minutes. D. At least 180 minutes. 20. What is Dr Andrew Freeman’s attitude towards the new study? A. Positive. B. Opposed. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南信阳·期中） The demanding process of forming our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen-dominated world, where typed messages have replaced handwritten letters. However, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page. But handwriting seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning. For example, to type “tap”, your fingers don’t have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make relatively simple and similar movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type. It lets you make connections between your body and what you’re seeing and hearing, which might give the mind more footholds for accessing a given concept (概念) or idea. “When kids write letters, they’re just messy,” says Sophia Vinci-Booher, an educational neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University. As kids practice writing “A”, each form is different, and that variability helps promote their conceptual understanding of the letter. They learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with similar typed examples. This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in children and adults, Vinci-Booher found. “This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes,” she says. Abandoning handwriting could mean that those skills don’t get developed as well, which could damage kids’ ability to learn down the road. “If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation (刺激), then their brains simply won’t reach their full potential,” says Meer, a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 21. What is the difference between handwriting and typing from the passage? A. Typing is better for learning concepts. B. Handwriting engages more brain areas. C. Typing fails to involve hands movements. D. Handwriting is faster for accessing ideas. 22. What can we learn from Sophia Vinci-Booher? A. Variable handwritten letters do harm to kids’ handwriting. B. Writing “A” promotes kids’ conceptual understanding. C. Practicing typing helps recognize letters better. D. Early handwriting practice benefits kids. 23. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Advantages of handwriting over typing. B. Reasons for choosing handwriting. C. A call for improving handwriting. D. Effects of giving up handwriting. 24. What is the author’s attitude towards handwriting? A. Unclear. B. Negative. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南周口恒大·期中） Why do people long for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude—having joy from the suffering of others. People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain. Seeing people that seem to “have it all” suffer (going through divorce, drug abuse, mental illness, etc.) momentarily destroys that thought. And then people can think, “Perhaps it’s OK that I don’t have my own television show, and own four large houses.” Let’s chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts. If you’ve been alive a couple of decades, you’ve certainly seen plenty of examples showing that money does not bring happiness. But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment. Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion (同情) and loving kindness. This may seem strange to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don’t you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation (冥想) originating from Buddhist traditions that are designed to develop compassion and loving kindness. The four related qualities developed by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness, calmness, compassion, and sympathetic joy. Sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude—with sympathetic joy, we get joy from the joy of others. Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel—that is sympathetic joy. To develop more sympathetic joy, when something good happens to another person, say to yourself (with as much meaning as possible), “I’m happy for you. May your good fortune continue. May your good fortune grow.” When a person, celebrity or not, is suffering, you can practice a compassion meditation. Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth sympathy, such as hugging a loved one, or holding a baby. Then imagine saying to the person suffering, “May you be free from suffering,” or “May your suffering ease.” 25. What can make us happy according to the author? A. Having a well-paid job. B. Owning great popularity. C. Focusing on celebrities’ news. D. Learning to live in the moment. 26. What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2? A. Compassion and loving kindness. B. The origin of some traditions. C. Happiness and meditation. D. Meditation practices. 27. Which of the following is sympathetic joy? A. You cheer up when a celebrity gets divorced. B. You crow over it when your schoolmate gets injured. C. You’re delighted when your classmate wins a competition. D. You’re pleased when a celebrity practices attentively meditation. 28. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To show celebrities’ real life. B. To introduce the findings of a study. C. To stress the importance of happiness. D. To correct the negative attitudes to other people’s sufferings. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南鹿邑·期中） People tend to treat anger as something terrible and unacceptable. Many parents around the world teach their children to suppress (抑制) or ignore their anger. Intentionally or not, they show their children that feeling angry is wrong, and it is better to always look calm and balanced. However, that is not right. Anger plays an extremely important role in a person’s emotional health. Anger can be effectively used to establish and defend your individual principle, personal space, sense of justice, beliefs, and so on. When another person somehow annoys you, one of the first emotions you normally experience is anger, along with the urge to fix an unpleasant situation or do something else to defend yourself. Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so. Therefore, when used with care, it is your best weapon (武器) for emergencies. Anger can serve to cover some other emotions of yours if they are less appropriate. Sometimes, expressing fear is unacceptable, especially for men. For instance, masculinity (男子气概) and bravery are highly valued among men in some traditional cultures. So, covering fear with anger, acting aggressively remains a more appropriate choice for men. And this is an effective strategy, not just in terms of saving one’s reputation within a certain social group, but dealing with difficulties and overcoming barriers. Anger is an extremely powerful emotion and it is not recommended to suppress or ignore it if it is not dangerous. A person who has been covering and hiding his or her anger cannot get rid of it, and the anger will still build up inside, finally resulting in violence as a response to a situation that does not require it. What you can do is express it in socially acceptable ways in most circumstances. Therefore, anger itself is not a bad thing. And it is important to learn how to manage anger, express it in a nonviolent way, and redirect it in constructive directions. So, do not ignore your anger. You should face it, accept it, and learn how to deal with it. 29. What can we know from paragraph 1? A. Children often ignore their anger. B. People usually misunderstand anger. C. Anger indicates a person’s bad temper. D. Parents always treat their children seriously. 30. Why can anger be your best weapon for emergencies? A. It makes you look like a strong person. B. It gives you strength to face difficulties. C. It helps you get rid of outside interruption. D. It is useful for fixing an unpleasant situation. 31. What is the author’s advice about dealing with anger? A. Present anger in a peaceful manner. B. Cover anger if it is not appropriate. C. Face and accept the anger of others bravely. D. Do not fight against anger under any situation. 32. What is the author’s attitude towards anger? A. Indifferent. B. Critical. C Supportive. D. Objective. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南商师联盟·期中） According to Carol Henger, an urban ecologist at Fordham University, around 20-30 coyotes (郊狼) live in New York City, which was first reported by the New York Times. According to the journal, coyotes have been spotted wandering (游荡的) areas of NYC as early as 1994, with proof of breeding groups first established in 2016. NYC wasn’t originally home to coyotes, as most of the species came from the Great Plains and Southwest. Dr. Henger estimates a total of 20 — 30 coyotes are now residing in the city. Many of the coyotes currently living in the city can actually be traced back to the original group that first arrived in the Bronx, so they truly are multi-generational New Yorkers. The curious creatures can cover as much as 10 miles of open space per day — picture the route from Wall Street to the top of Central Park. So where are they living in NYC? Well, according to Urban Coyote Research, urban coyotes like to keep their distance from humans, choosing habitats (栖息地) in parks or wooded patches. Specifically in NYC, Dr. Henger discovered coyote feces (粪便) mainly around green spaces in the Bronx and areas throughout Queens over a 10-year span, shares the New York Times. In recent years, NYC has also seen coyotes wandering in Central Park. As for diet, urban coyotes had a more species-rich diet than the non-urban coyotes. From plants to rabbits, human leftovers to rodents rats, urban coyotes actually have quite a diverse diet. And though only a limited number of rats were traced in urban coyote feces according to Dr. Henger, at least something’s out there dealing with them until the city hires a rat catcher! 33. What does the text suggest about the coyotes’ habitats? A. They are native to NYC. B. They were first discovered in Central Park. C. They often change habitats throughout their lives. D. They originally came from the Great Plains and Southwest. 34. What does the underlined word “residing” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sleeping. B. Hiding. C. Living. D. Visiting. 35. What can be known about urban coyotes? A. They are unfamiliar with NYC. B. They can wander up to 10 miles in a day. C. They prefer to live in populated urban areas. D. They have a limited diet consisting of only plants. 36. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The varied diet of urban coyotes. B. Safety tips on living with coyotes. C. Coyotes’ daily movements in NYC. D. The arrival and settlement of coyotes. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南郑州一中·期中） Jeremiah Letting learned about coffee from his father. As a child in the late 1980s, he worked on his family’s coffee farm in the hills of western Kenya. “ Every year was the same: seed, plant, ripen, harvest and sell, ” he says. But no longer. Jeremiah Letting and other coffee farmers are suffering from rising temperatures. Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. The plant produces tastier beans than its poor cousin robusta, which often ends up in instant coffee granules (颗粒). Global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050, according to a recent published paper. Although coffee is only Kenya’s fourth-largest export, it directly or indirectly provides an income for about 6 million people, which accounts for over a tenth of the entire population, according to the Kenyan government. “ People are not even able to have three meals a day without a secure income, ” Mr. Letting says. Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea, threatening tea growth. Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other solutions, such as encouraging farmers to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes. It also suggests growing a hybrid (杂交植物), Arabusta, to combine the hardiness (耐寒性) of robusta with the flavour of arabica. People who are particular about coffee may turn up their noses at it, but they may have little choice but to swallow it. Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers at the Royal Botanic Gardens in London, are investigating a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces less coffee beans than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, Vern Long of World Coffee Research warns, “ We’re just going to be drinking instant coffee. ” 37. What’s the effect of global warming on coffee farming? A. More export of coffee for farmers. B. Less revenue for the government. C. Moving downhill for suitable farmlands. D. Reduced production of tasty coffee beans. 38. What does the underlined part “ turn up their noses at it ” probably mean? A. Feel unsatisfied with the coffee. B. Sing high praise for the coffee. C. Become interested in the coffee. D. Pay high attention to the coffee. 39. How does Vern Long feel about the future of coffee production? A. Cautious. B. Uncertain. C. Concerned. D. Optimistic. 40. What can be the best title for the text? A. Arabica Coffee Beans are Dying Out in Kenya B. Kenyan Tea Exports Decline in World Trade C. Short Supplies are Letting Tea Lovers Down D. Coffee Farmers Struggle Against Climate Killer Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河师大附中·期中） A butterfly-shaped island in the central Aegean hopes to become Greece’s first carbon-free tourist destination.Under a deal with the government, Volkswagen, a carmaker, has donated several new electric vehicles for use by Astypalea’s public services; it will sell others at cost price to its 1,200 year-round residents. In return, the government has offered more financial assistance for islanders to buy electric cars and will build a solar and wind-fuelled power plant to replace polluting generators. Unlike other nearby islands, Astypalea is not connected to Greece’s electricity providers. With only 3,000 rooms for visitors in small hotels or flats, tourism is still low-key. Many residents make a living the old-fashioned way: raising goats, keeping bees and fishing. The island was selected for Volkswagen’s experiment after Nikos Komineas,the go-ahead mayor, contacted the transport ministry for help in finding an electric bus to try out on its rough roads. Most islanders sound keen on the project. Mr Komineas expects the number of private cars on Astypalea to fall by a third over the next five years. Its residents, he says, will get around on electric minibuses, which will be free,linked to a mobile-phone app and available round the clock. Some observers smell greenwashing in the project. A bid for a solar park that would generate half the island’s electricity within three years will not get under way before the tourist season ends. A single wind-fuelled engine will be set up only in 2026, assuming the licensing process goes smoothly. That is not normally the case in the Aegean, where islanders worry that tourists will go elsewhere if the view is spoiled by an engine 200 meters high. And even then, the solar and wind-fulled power unit is planned to cover only about 80% of summer demand. But it is a start. 41. Why has Volkswagen signed the deal with the government? A. To control car prices. B. To help generate electricity. C. To promote public transport. D. To build a zero-carbon island. 42. What makes Astypalea different from other nearby islands? A. It has an aggressive leader. B. It is out of the national electricity network. C. It is a crowded tourist destination. D. It has various goats, bees and fishes. 43. The underlined word “green washing” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A. an island with few tourists B. a process with little support C. an engine with no polluting fuel D. a strategy with no meaningful changes 44. What does the author think of the project? A. It’s pioneering. B. It’s practical. C. It’s destructive. D. It’s costly. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南开封五县·期中） Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet? Pandas today don’t eat meat. However, they’ve kept much of their meat-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的), lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return. The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene — Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change. Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this, they have developed a long “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (隆起物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down (锉平) food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo. Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals. 45. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the variety of food. B. To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas. C. To describe the changes of living environment. D. To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system. 46. What caused pandas’ change in diet? A. The low-metabolic ability. B. The amino acids in meat. C. The Taslrl gene’s inactivation. D. The supplies of bamboo. 47. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Seizing bamboo shoots. B. The low energy return. C. Developing more fingers. D. The vegetarian diet. 48. What is the text mainly about? A. Pandas’ adaptation to the new environment. B. Pandas’ evolutionary reason and feature in eating. C. Pandas’ unique lifestyle. D. Pandas’ special appearance. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南遂平·期中） The cultural products we create reflect the times we live in. “Works of popular culture, we reasoned, should reflect the extent to which nature occupies our collective consciousness (集体意识), ” says psychologist Dr Selin Kesebir. “If novelists, songwriters or filmmakers have fewer encounters with nature these days than before, or if they don’t expect their audiences to respond to it, nature would feature less frequently in their works.” The researchers drew up a list of 186 nature-related words belonging to four categories: general words relating to nature such as cloud, or sunrise; names of flowers; names of trees; and birds’ names. Then they analyzed how often these occurred in the output of popular culture. They looked at English-language fiction, pop songs and film plots, each of which featured thousands of examples. The results were consistent across books, songs and movies. “The space taken by nature has been decreasing in the collective imagination and cultural conversation since the 1950s. Nature features significantly less in English popular culture today than it did in the first half of the 20th century” says Dr Kesebir. Why? Some people suggest it’s the growth of cities that has fuelled the change. “Urbanization swallows up natural areas and cuts people off from their natural surroundings,” says Dr Kesebir. But, she goes on, the growth rate of cities over the 20th century is gradual, but the data shows a marked change from the 1950s onwards. So it’s not just the fact that fewer of us are living in rural areas that explains the decline (减少). More likely, she believes, we’re seeing the impact of technological change leading to more indoor recreational activities. Yes, TV, video games and the Internet are to blame. “These technologies may well have been substituted for nature as a source of joy, recreation and entertainment.” Books, songs and films shape our culture as well as reflecting it, says Dr Kesebir. “The declining cultural attention to nature means a muting of the message that nature: is worth paying attention to and talking about. It also means a loss of opportunities to awaken curiosity, appreciation and awe for nature.” 49. How did the researchers conduct their study of popular culture? A. By having interviews. B. By doing field research. C. By analyzing collected data. D. By referring to previous studies. 50. How did English popular culture change after the 1950s? A. It highlighted fictional stories. B. It caught the public’s imagination. C. Its nature elements were greatly reduced. D. Its focus shifted from fiction to conversations. 51. What’s largely responsible for the change according to Dr Kesebir? A. Technology. B. The population. C. City development. D. The environment. 52. What does the underlined word “muting” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Explanation. B. Silence. C. Exchange. D. Emphasis. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南焦作·期中） An artificial intelligence (AI) lawyer has almost made history as the first AI to defend a case in court. Called the world’s first “robot lawyer”, the robot is scheduled to give tips to the defendant on how to best argue their case against a speeding ticket when the hearing takes place. Created by newly founded company DoNotPay, the robot lawyer was on a mobile phone and delivered tips through headphones to the defendant, who had agreed to only say what he was told to. The landmark case was planned as a test for DoNotPay’s services and they would pay for any fines incurred if the AI failed to win the case for the defendant. While it may sound like the future of court hearings, there’s a disadvantage - mobile phones and headphones are generally not allowed in courtrooms. However, according to the company’s founder Joshua Browder, the hearing would take place in a location that would consider the headphones a “hearing aid”, thus allowing the AI. With the aim of helping customers get out of paying fines and late fees, as well as saving the costs of hiring a human lawyer, DoNotPay was founded in 2015 and has since moved to Al following rapid advancements in technology that have occurred in the form of OpenAI’s GPT-3. It was previously used to help a customer out of a$16 bank fee using only the AI chatbot, but the company stated it had helped with 3 million cases in the UK and US. However, this is the first time an AI robot has become a lawyer in the courtroom. In October 2022, an AI robot made history by being the first to give evidence in the House of Lords. This groundbreaking moment served as a significant mark in the march of AI into our lives, playing increasingly diverse and influential roles. It was also a reminder that the integration of AI into various fields and institutions is not just a short-lived fashion but a transformative force that is reshaping the world as we know it. 53. Why should the hearing location be specially chosen? A. To attract media attention. B. To show the latest technology. C. To make sure the judges are fair. D. To ensure the AI could be used legally. 54. What is the main reason for DoNotPay creating the AI lawyer? A. To expand the company’s profits. B. To help customers save money. C. To replace human’ lawyers completely. D. To provide legal advice for the general public. 55. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of AI? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Positive. 56. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Limitations Faced by AI Robots B. The Rise of AI Robots in Everyday Life C. Game Changer - AI Lawyer Defends in Court D. Breaking News - AI Lawyer Darkens Human Lawyers’ Future Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南郑州外国语·期中） It’s the season for friends, family and cheese holiday movies. Whether you’ re a fan of Christmas classics or prefer streamable and made-for-TV specials, there’s always a reason holiday movie s are so popular — even the most predictable. “In fact, this is what keeps us coming back. You would almost be disappointed if they weren’t a little predictable,” says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, a media psychologist. “It’s not like there’s going to be a heart-stopping surprise waiting to catch you off guard.” And while the plot of a city girl meeting a hometown guy is overused, Rutledge says these romantic holiday movies satisfy our inner desire for social connection and provide our brain with the confidence to anticipate something and have that be the case. The holiday season itself can be stressful, making these movies an easy go - to for relaxation during a busy time of year. “These movies can act as ‘cinema therapy,’ when you can relax with your friends,” says Allison Eden, associate professor of communication at Michigan State. “You don’t have to work too hard to enjoy it. They’re just gentle comforting, feel-good movies that can really help, especially during times of stress.” The most stressed you’ll feel during most holiday movies? A silly, low- conflict misunderstanding between love interests that you know will be resolved by the end. “The brain responds to that whole journey with both the dopamine (多巴胺) of reward of having it turn out like you wanted to, but also the oxytocin (催产素) release when you’re talking about feelings of warmth and connection and love. So sort of a win - win,” Rutledge says. If you think you can find the same win - win in other forms of media, it may be harder than you think. People often use social media as a way to escape, for example, but it’s not always the pick- me- up you may be looking for. With social media, you really never know what you’re going to come up against. 57. What contribute most to the popularity of holiday movies? A. Predictable plots. B. Appealing themes. C. Unexpected endings. D. Romantic elements. 58. What does the underlined phrase “cinema therapy” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A call for easy work. B. A form of stress relief. C. A chance to enjoy movies. D. A way to develop friendship. 59. Why does Rutledge view holiday movies as sort of a win-win? A. They enhance our brain function. B. They provide a comforting escape. C. They offer emotional satisfaction. D. They assist in resolving low conflicts. 60. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To call on people to watch holiday movies. B. To introduce the features of holiday movies. C. To explain why your brain loves holiday movies. D. To compare holiday movies with other forms of media. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·河南开封·期中） Retired Army Col. Farrell Patrick taught computer science at West Point during the 1970s and then at two private universities through the 1990s, so he isn’t surprised by the progress technology has made over the decades. But when the 91-year-old got his first virtual reality (VR) experience recently, he was amazed. Sitting in a conference room at John Knox Village, Patrick sat up straight as his eyes and ears experienced what it would be like to be in a Navy fighter jet flying off the Florida coast. John Knox Village was one of 17 senior communities around the country that participated in a recently published Stanford University study. During the study, the seniors were picked from seven-minute virtual experiences such as riding in a tank, watching stage performances, playing with dogs and cats or visiting places like Paris or Egypt. The participants wore headsets that gave them 360-degree views and sounds, making it seem like they had been all but dropped into the actual experience. The study, working with the company Mynd Immersive, found that almost 80% of the seniors reported having a more positive attitude after their VR session and almost 60% said they felt less isolated socially. The enjoyment lessened somewhat for older respondents whose sight and hearing had deteriorated (恶化). Those who found VR less enjoyable were also more likely to dislike technology in general. The company has worked on the biggest complaints the seniors in the study had about VR—the headsets were too heavy and the heat they generated made the seniors’ foreheads sweat. The new headsets weigh about six ounces (189 grams) instead of a pound (454 grams). Besides, they have a built-in fan for cooling, and the videos aren’t as jumpy. Patrick says he hopes to live to 100 because he believes the next five years will see momentous changes in VR. Still a technology enthusiast, he believes the cost of systems will drop dramatically and become part of everyday living, even for seniors. 61. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To reach a conclusion. C. To present an argument. D. To make a definition. 62. Why does the author mention “Paris or Egypt” in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate the two cities’ support for VR. B. To explain why seniors are crazy about traveling. C. To compare the differences between the two cities. D. To show the VR experiences the seniors can choose from. 63. What did the study find? A. Most seniors enjoyed VR. B. Old people preferred socializing. C. Seniors’ sight and hearing became worse. D. Most retired people disliked high-tech products. 64. What do the figures in paragraph 5 indicate about Mynd Immersive? A. Its products hardly appeal to seniors. B. Its goal is to produce high-quality videos. C. It has made improvements on the headsets. D. It has got a lot of complaints from teenagers. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河大附中·期中） I recently read The Big Leap by Gay Hendricks, a psychologist who introduces the concept of different “zones” in life and work. These zones describe varying levels of ability and fulfillment (满足感) in our activities. The Zone of Disability involves tasks you’re not good at; the Zone of Ability includes tasks you’re capable of but find unsatisfying. The Zone of Excellence is where you stand out but might feel a little discouraged, and finally, the Zone of Genius is where your unique talents and passions shine, leading to deep fulfillment. Curious to identify my Zone of Genius, I took a related test. To my surprise, it turns out my Zone of Genius is “Networking.” I even considered framing (装裱) the results and hanging them over the fireplace. This situation is particularly amusing, because I am often perceived as an introvert (内向的人) — some would say I tend to escape from social contacts. That makes me occasionally in low spirits and doubtful about my ability to socialize. What explains this contradiction? Perceptions of introversion largely depend on cultural expectations, with different societies defining “introverted” and “extroverted” behaviors differently. In the United States, extroversion is often idealized. In contrast, in some East Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, value is associated with introversion. Differences also exist between Northern and Southern Europe. Research shows that the level of introversion differs widely across cultures, making it challenging to label introversion universally. Contrary to the opinion that introverts are shy, research suggests they possess unique skills and strengths. The Harvard Grant Study shows that introverts tend to have fewer but deeper and more meaningful relationships. Another misunderstanding is that introverts do not make good leaders. However, studies show that introverted leaders can be just as effective — if not more so than the extroverts. It’s vital to distinguish between introversion and shyness. Shyness is a fear of social judgment. However, introverts can be highly social, particularly in small groups or one-on-one conversations. Their preference for meaningful interaction over small talk makes them experts at forming deep, lasting relationships. So, the next time you meet an introvert, remember that their quiet behavior may hide a world of deep thoughts, keen insights, and powerful leadership potential. 65. If your Zone of Excellence is “English”, it may mean ________. A. you are in trouble completing English assignments B. you can display your talent in English to the fullest C. your mind always wander off when learning English D. you have a grasp of English but feel upset occasionally 66. Why did the author consider framing the results and hanging them? A. The results were in line with his belief. B. The results proved his ability in social life. C. The results confirmed his nature of introversion. D. The results reminded him to avoid social contacts. 67. According to the text, to tell whether a person is an introvert, you should take ________ into consideration. A. his birthplace B. his inner value C. his cultural background D. his education level 68. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about the introverts? A. They can develop lasting relationships with others. B. They fear deeper and more meaningful relationships. C. They have advantages over the extroverts in workplace. D. They often hide their unique potential in front of others. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南商丘·期中） “No pains, no gains” is an old saying in English. It means that one has to suffer or work hard in order to succeed or make progress. The expression is now often used to push people to train harder or exercise more to get good effects. “But just how much pain do you have to have from weight training? The answer depends on what you are trying to gain,” fitness experts say. For years, some trainers have told people that to get the best results, they need to train “until failure.” Training “until failure” means that you do an exercise until you cannot do one more repetition. Some recent studies, however, suggest training “until failure” with weights may only help some people. Michael Zourdos, who co-reviewed 55 research papers in Sports Medicine, said those aiming to increase muscle mass can consider training to failure, which may build bigger muscles but isn’t needed to increase strength. For the average person simply looking to increase their fitness levels, Zourdos said it’s much easier to get results. He explained people who work out regularly would benefit from an intense period that comes within 5 to 10 repetitions of failure. He also said that people who train until failure might be so tired and in so much pain that they miss their next workout or two. In rare cases, extremely difficult training can even be harmful. James Fisher, a sport science expert in Southampton, England, said many dislike working to tiredness. He noted that if short on time, one can push harder and shorten the gym session. For strength, muscles need a certain push. But the best workout is one that people will actually do. Failure training can be part of workouts for various fitness goals, with muscle rest needed. For experienced people, save it for some works or the last set as it’s tough. “It’s not meant to be for every person, every time they work out,” Fisher said. “This is a tough way to exercise.” 69. What determines the pain weight training brings about? A. Types of fitness. B. Advice of experts. C. Training quantity. D. Established goals. 70. What can be inferred about “failure training” from Paragraph 4? A. It comes at a cost at times. B. It has nothing but benefits. C. It’s much easier to get results. D. It acts on “no pains, no gains”. 71. What is the author’s attitude towards “until failure”? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 72. What does James Fisher want to stress about workout in the last paragraph? A. It’s individual-specific. B. It’s universally applicable. C. It’s very tough to stick to. D. It’s a must for most people. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南中牟·期中） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring. As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose (使接触) us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are not customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to raise information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-attracting items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, news agencies, which are trustworthy. The last is: “never feed the trolls.” Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victims (受害者) to those who try to control our attention, time and minds. 73. What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A. It offers more information. B. It features depressing stories. C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click. 74. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A. To discuss the quality of information. B. To prove the benefits of healthy food. C. To show the importance of environments. D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 75. What should we do to deal with Internet trolls according to the text? A. Turn a deaf ear to them. B. Review their intention. C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them. 76. What is the text mainly about? A. Importance of critical thinking in online search. B. Skills to practice critical ignoring in the digital age. C. Benefits of critical ignoring in the attention economy. D. Strategies to improve critical thinking for Internet users. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·河南南阳一中·期中） When it comes to an art gallery, a cave seems a strange choice. Many ancient cave paintings, which mark the first known examples of artwork by prehistorical humans, are so deep under the ground that it would have taken extraordinary effort to view them. So, if you’re an ancient artist, what might inspire you to paint scenes of life? As it turns out, Israeli archaeologists may have figured out the answer. The artists were tripping — literally. According to a new paper in “Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture”, the humans who ventured into these underground places during the Upper Paleolithic (50,000 to 12,000 years ago) would have needed to light torches in order to see what they were doing. In the process, they would have reduced the amount of oxygen in the caves, inducing hypoxia (缺氧) in their brains. That, in turn, would have put them in a state of changed consciousness, experiencing excitement, out - of - body experiences and even hallucinations (幻觉). These different states of consciousness could have been a cause for creating cave art seen as a way to communicate with things on the other side of the wall. “We discuss the significance of caves in local world views and claim that entering these deep, dark environments was a conscious choice, motivated by an understanding of the transformative nature of an underground, oxygen-lack space,” the authors write. The researchers suggest that caves and rock shelters are likely to have been viewed as doors to an underground world associated with prosperity and growth. They indicate that the rock face was seen as a “tissue” connecting the here and now and the world beyond, “allowing early humans to maintain their connectedness with the universe”. The humans who used them would have viewed the caves as sacred (神圣的) spaces, locations that deserved awe and respect. “It was not the decoration that demonstrated the significance of caves,” the authors write. “Rather, the significance of the chosen caves was the reason for their decoration.” 77. What does the author think “The artists were tripping.”? A. They painted in a confused state of mind. B. They had no fixed settlement to create art. C. They attempted to create a new painting style. D. Their inspiration of painting came from the trips. 78. How did the researchers view caves and rock shelters’ role in early humans’ lives? A. They offered them hiding places. B. They were their spiritual gateways. C. They were their sources of creativity. D. They stood for prosperity and growth. 79. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Art creation on the rocks made the caves more important. B. The caves themselves mattered compared to the art creation. C. It was rather tough for artists to choose the caves for painting. D. The caves decorated with paintings reminded people of the past. 80. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The earliest art form in human civilization. B. The significance of caves in Israeli. C. The introduction to cave paintings in Israeli. D. Ancient artists’ way to explore the world. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·河南商丘·期中） A team of scientists at NTU Singapore has developed grain-sized soft robots that can be controlled using magnetic fields(磁场) for targeted drug delivery, paving the way to possible improved treatment in future. The study is believed to be the first reported instance of tiny robots that can transport up to four different drugs and release them in reprogrammable orders and doses(剂量). “Compared to earlier small-scale robots which can only carry up to three types of drugs and cannot be programmed for release in order, the newly-developed tiny robots offer precision(精确) functions that have the potential to significantly improve the result of treatment while minimising side effects,” said the research team. The NTU team had previously developed magnetically controlled tiny robots capable of complex operation such as “swimming” through tight spaces and finding tiny objects. Building on their earlier work, lead investigator, Assistant Professor Lum Guo Zhan from the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(MAE), said the idea was from the 1960s film “Fantastic Voyage”, in which a repairman became as small as a cell to repair damage in an injured scientist’s brain. Unlike existing tiny robots that cannot precisely control their directions, the newly developed soft robot can exactly and quickly roll and move to the place having problems. It offers great potential for navigating complex, unstructured environments inside the human body. In lab experiments, the robot completed tasks in water mimicking the human body’s conditions. The robot was first placed on a surface divided into four sections, and it succeeded in moving to each section at speeds of between 0.30mm and 16.5mm per second and releasing a different drug in each section, proving its ability to carry various drugs and to be programmable for their release in a controlled manner. In a thicker liquid, it also performed well. With minimal drug leakage after eight hours, it’s good for precise drug delivery. The NTU research team is now looking to make their robots even smaller so that they could eventually be used to provide pioneering treatments for cancer treatments. Before these tiny robots are used for such medical treatments, the NTU researchers aim to further evaluate their performance with organ-on-chip devices and animal models. 81. What’s the purpose of Lum Guo Zhan’s mention of “Fantastic Voyage”? A. To stress sci-fi movies effect. B. To explain the structure of cells. C. To introduce an interesting movie. D. To show the inspiration for their work. 82. How do the newly-developed soft robots differ from earlier small-scale robots? A. They have higher accuracy. B. They can carry more drug doses. C. They can be programmed automatically. D. They make the treatment more effective. 83. What does the underlined word “mimicking” mean in paragraph 6? A. Imagining. B. Copying. C. Matching. D. Affecting. 84. What does the last paragraph want to show us about the tiny robots? A. The basis of their theory. B. The direction of next efforts. C. The unavoidable disadvantages. D. The doubt from the public. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南许昌·期中） According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar. In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off? The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them? Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs. But we also can’t tell from observational studies, which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes. For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs. 85. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on. 86. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies. B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies. C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies. D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report. 87. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text? A. They cost little B. They tend to last long. C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data 88. How should the government help RCTs? A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support C. By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$