Unit 1 课时3 Understanding Ideas（Grammar）（导学案）英语外研版2024八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦现在完成时，涵盖定义、结构（have/has+过去分词）、标志词（yet、already等）及与一般过去时的区别。课堂导入通过阅读文本例句（如“I haven't told Maddie yet”）总结规则，衔接课前预习（定义、结构填空）与课堂讲解，搭建从实例到语法规则的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语法学习与自我认知引导，通过分层练习（课前填空、课堂造句改写、课后分层作业）提升语言能力，思维导图整理和同伴互教培养学习能力，区分时态锻炼思维品质，助力语法精准运用与综合素养发展。

Unit 1 This is me! Understanding Ideas (Grammar) 导学案 班级： 学生姓名： 科目： 授课教师： 学习目标 通过本节课学习，学生能够： 1． 学生能够理解并总结现在完成时（含 yet、already 等标志词 ）的语法规则，准确识别阅读文本中同类结构句子。 2． 能正确运用现在完成时结构（have/has + 过去分词 ），完成造句、改写句子等练习，提升语法运用准确性。 3． 借助 “接纳自我经历” 相关语法练习与话题，引导学生关注自我认知，培养积极接纳自身特点（如身高、外貌等 ）的健康心态，增强自我认同感。 学习 重难点 重点： 1. 理解现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词 ）的构成，精准把握 “yet”（常用于否定句、疑问句，表 “还；尚未” ）、“already”（常用于肯定句，表 “已经” ）的用法。 2. 熟练运用现在完成时进行造句、改写句子 难点: 1. 准确区分现在完成时和一般过去时，尤其在描述过去动作对现在影响时，能恰当选用时态；灵活运用 “yet”“already”，避免在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中混用，比如学生易在肯定句错用 “yet” 。 课前预习 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示动作发生在 __________，但与 __________ 有联系，强调动作的 __________ 或 __________。 二、现在完成时的结构 肯定句：__________ + __________ + __________ 否定句：__________ + __________ + __________ + __________ 疑问句：__________ + __________ + __________ + __________？ 课堂探究 Lead in 1. Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarize the grammar rules. (a) I haven't told Maddie yet... (b) I have already learned that I am what I am. 2. Find one more sentence with these structures in the reading passage. Presentation Learn the grammar about Present Perfect Tense现在完成时 1）定义 ①从过去开始并延续到现在，可能还将延续下去； ②动作发生在过去并已结束，但对现在有影响或与某种联系 ③在过去一段时间内，动作发生了多次。（包括零次never） 2） 构成 ①肯定句：主语+have/has + 动词的过去分词(+其他). ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(+其他). ③一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词(+其他)? 肯定回答:Yes，主语 +have/has. 否定回答:No，主语+haven't/hasn't. 3） 动词过去分词的构成 ①规则变化： A.大部分动词在词尾直接加 -ed clean→cleaned 打扫 help → helped 帮助 play→ played 玩耍 B.动词以不发音的字母e结尾时，直接加 -d like → liked 喜欢 live →lived 居住 love → loved 喜爱 C.动词以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变y为i再加 -ed try→ tried 尝试 study→studied 学习 marry→married 结婚 D.动词为重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan→planned 计划 stop→stopped 停止 prefer→preferred 更喜欢 ②不规则变化 须根据不规则动词变化表专门记忆 4） 用法 ①常与just, already, yet, ever , never ,before,sofar 等连用,强调动作完成, 不强调动作的持续。 ②for+时间段; since+过去时间点; since+时间段+ago;since+ 一般过去时的句子。 Production 1. Write sentences with the present perfect tense. 2. Rewrite the underlined sentences using the present perfect tense. Exercise 一、单项选择 1．—Wow, your bike looks really new. I wonder ________. —My father bought it for me as a birthday gift last year. A．how long have you had it B．how soon will you have it C．how long you have had it D．how soon you will have it 2．The man _____ himself to the hot search list several times because of photos with famous singers. A．makes B．is making C．will make D．has made 3．—Where is your brother? I haven’t seen him recently. —Oh, he has _____ to Beijing for a meeting. He has _____ there for a week. A．gone; gone B．been; gone C．gone; been D．been; been 4．—Simon, you are late. The match ________ since half an hour ago. —What a pity! All the basketball players have left. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 5．Tom _____ many places in China since three years ago. A．visits B．visited C．has visited D．will visit 6．______ he ever ______the film before? A．Does; see B．Have; seen C．Did; see D．Has; seen 7．Lily says she _____ the book for ten days and she has to return it to the library today. A．has borrowed B．borrowed C．has kept D．is going to borrow 8．They have ______ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already 9．Brian ______ opera since he came to China in 2021. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study 10．My parents _______ Beijing on business for a whole week, so I live with my grandparents these days. A．have been to B．have been in C．have gone to D．have arrived in 11．—Is Mr. Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he _____ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 12．Volunteers in Nanjing ________ over 1,000 trees along Yangtze river since the ‘Protect Mother River’ project began in 2021. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．will plant 13．—Mom, I want to watch The Lion King on CCTV Channel 6 tonight. —Oh, dear. Come on! It ________ for a few minutes. A．has begun B．will begin C．has been on D．will be on 14．—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the class ________ for 10 minutes. A．is on B．begins C．has been on D．has begun 15．Daming ________ a member of the school space club for two years. A．was B．is C．will be D．has been 课后作业 基础作业：以思维导图的方式整理现在完成时的笔记，并和同伴相互介绍现在完成时。 进阶作业：完成现在完成时的课后习题，并和同桌进行交叉批改，自己进行订正，巩固未掌握的知识点和难题。 拓展作业：用现在完成时造句，至少5个句子，话题和字数不限。 【参考答案】 课前预习 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有联系，强调动作的结果或影响。 二、现在完成时的结构 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 课堂探究 Lead in 1. 略 2. 略 Presentation 略 production 1. 2.略 Exercise 单项选择 1-5 CDCDC 6-10 DCACB 11-15 CCCCD 短文填空 16. (s)wimming 17. (c)hildren 18. (o)f 19. (l)earn 20. (b)adly 21. (h)er 22. (a)nd 23. (b)etter 24. (p)racticing 25. (w)eeks 26. (s)chools 27. (h)urt 28. (g)o 29. (r)ead 30. (l)ater 31. (v)isit 32. (w)ith 33. (h)is 34. (s)o 35. (t)ake 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$