高中英语语法精练（6）—定语从句

高中英语语法精练（6）—定语从句 高中英语语法精练（6）—定语从句 高中英语语法精练（6）— 定语从句综合（解析版） I. 定语从句识别与类型分析（共 10 题） 请找出下列句子中的定语从句，标注其具体类型（限定性 / 非限定性定语从句），并分析引导词的作用（指代先行词、在从句中充当的成分）及从句成分完整性（是否缺主语、宾语、状语等）。 1. The student who won the first prize in the national English writing competition is from our class. 2. This is the historical museum where my parents took me to visit during the summer vacation. 3. She bought a new laptop, which cost her three months’ pocket money. 4. The reason why he failed to attend the important meeting is that he got stuck in a traffic jam. 5. We will never forget the days when we worked together on the school charity project. 6. The renowned professor whose interdisciplinary research on renewable energy has won international awards often delivers lectures on sustainable development at top universities around the world. 7. As most environmentalists have emphasized in their studies, the urgent measures that governments take to reduce carbon emissions will directly affect the global climate pattern in the next decade. 8. The ancient manuscript from which archaeologists have uncovered crucial evidence about the origin of early writing systems was accidentally discovered in a remote cave in southern Iraq last year. 9. Dr. Elena Marquez, one of the few researchers who have put forward innovative frameworks explaining how AI-driven data analysis can address challenges that healthcare systems in developing countries have long struggled to overcome， recently published a paper arguing that such technologies could reduce medical resource shortages by 40% within five years. 10. The international team of astronomers announced the discovery of a super-Earth—a planet that orbits a red dwarf star which is located 300 light-years from Earth and has conditions that may support the existence of liquid water, a key factor scientists believe is essential for the formation of life—and this finding has sparked new debates about the possibility of extraterrestrial life in our galaxy. 答案及解析 1. 定语从句：who won the first prize in the national English writing competition 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the student，无逗号分隔，不可省略） 句意：在全国英语写作比赛中获得一等奖的那个学生来自我们班。 引导词作用：who 指代先行词 “the student”（人），在从句中充当主语 从句成分：完整（主语：who；谓语：won；宾语：the first prize；状语：in the national English writing competition） 2. 定语从句：where my parents took me to visit during the summer vacation 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the historical museum，无逗号分隔） 句意：这就是暑假期间我父母带我去参观的那座历史博物馆。 引导词作用：where 指代先行词 “the historical museum”（地点），在从句中充当地点状语（相当于 “in which”） 从句成分：完整（主语：my parents；谓语：took；宾语：me；宾语补足语：to visit；状语：during the summer vacation；引导词 where 作地点状语） 3. 定语从句：which cost her three months’ pocket money 类型：非限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 a new laptop，有逗号分隔，可省略） 句意：她买了一台新笔记本电脑，这台电脑花了她三个月的零花钱。 引导词作用：which 指代先行词 “a new laptop”（物），在从句中充当主语（非限定性定语从句中不可用 that） 从句成分：完整（主语：which；谓语：cost；宾语：her；宾语补足语：three months’ pocket money） 4. 定语从句：why he failed to attend the important meeting 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the reason，无逗号分隔） 句意：他没能参加这场重要会议的原因是他遇上了交通堵塞。 引导词作用：why 指代先行词 “the reason”，在从句中充当原因状语（相当于 “for which”） 从句成分：完整（主语：he；谓语：failed to attend；宾语：the important meeting；引导词 why 作原因状语） 5. 定语从句：when we worked together on the school charity project 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the days，无逗号分隔） 句意：我们永远不会忘记和同学们一起参与学校慈善项目的那些日子。 引导词作用：when 指代先行词 “the days”（时间），在从句中充当时间状语（相当于 “in which”） 从句成分：完整（主语：we；谓语：worked；状语：together on the school charity project；引导词 when 作时间状语） 6. 定语从句：whose interdisciplinary research on renewable energy has won international awards 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the renowned professor，无逗号分隔，不可省略） 句意：那位在可再生能源领域开展跨学科研究并获得国际奖项的知名教授，经常在世界各地的顶尖大学讲授可持续发展相关课程。 引导词作用：whose 指代先行词 “the renowned professor”（人），在从句中充当定语（修饰 interdisciplinary research，表 “…… 的”），涉及学术领域高频词汇（interdisciplinary, renewable energy, international awards） 从句成分：完整（主语：whose interdisciplinary research on renewable energy；谓语：has won；宾语：international awards） 7. 定语从句：As most environmentalists have emphasized in their studies 类型：非限定性定语从句（指代后文整个主句内容，置于句首，有逗号分隔） 句意：正如大多数环保人士在研究中所强调的那样，各国政府为减少碳排放而采取的紧急措施，将直接影响未来十年的全球气候格局。 引导词作用：as 表 “正如”，指代后文 “the urgent measures...in the next decade”，在从句中充当宾语（“emphasized” 的宾语），涉及环保领域专业表达（environmentalists, carbon emissions, global climate pattern） 从句成分：完整（主语：most environmentalists；谓语：have emphasized；宾语：As；状语：in their studies） 8. 定语从句：from which archaeologists have uncovered crucial evidence about the origin of early writing systems 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the ancient manuscript，无逗号分隔） 句意：考古学家从中发现了关于早期文字系统起源关键证据的那份古代手稿，去年在伊拉克南部一个偏远的洞穴中被意外发现。 引导词作用：which 指代先行词 “the ancient manuscript”（物），与介词 from 构成 “from which”，在从句中充当状语（相当于 “which archaeologists have uncovered...from”），涉及考古学核心术语（archaeologists, crucial evidence, early writing systems, remote cave） 从句成分：完整（主语：archaeologists；谓语：have uncovered；宾语：crucial evidence about the origin of early writing systems；状语：from which） 9. 定语从句：who have put forward innovative frameworks explaining how AI-driven data analysis can address challenges that healthcare systems in developing countries have long struggled to overcome 类型：限定性定语从句（修饰先行词 the few researchers，无逗号分隔，不可省略；先行词与从句被同位语 “one of the few researchers” 及主句主语 “Dr. Elena Marquez” 分隔） 句意：埃琳娜・马尔克斯博士是为数不多的提出创新框架的研究者之一，该框架可阐释人工智能驱动的数据分析如何解决发展中国家医疗体系长期难以应对的挑战，她最近发表了一篇论文，称此类技术可在五年内将医疗资源短缺问题缓解 40%。 引导词作用：who 指代先行词 “the few researchers”（人），在从句中充当主语；嵌套从句中，第一个 that 指代 “challenges”（物），在定语从句中充当 “overcome” 的宾语，涉及人工智能与医疗交叉领域术语（AI-driven data analysis, healthcare systems, medical resource shortages） 从句成分：完整（第一层从句：主语：who；谓语：have put forward；宾语：innovative frameworks；后置定语：explaining how AI-driven data analysis can address challenges that healthcare systems in developing countries have long struggled to overcome；第二层嵌套（宾语从句）：how AI-driven data analysis can address challenges；第三层嵌套（定语从句）：that healthcare systems in developing countries have long struggled to overcome） 10. 定语从句：that orbits a red dwarf star which is located 300 light-years from Earth and has conditions that may support the existence of liquid water, a key factor scientists believe is essential for the formation of life 类型：限定性定语从句（第一层修饰先行词 a planet，第二层修饰 a red dwarf star，第三层修饰 conditions；整体嵌套于破折号内的同位语中，与主句形成复杂句式） 句意：这支国际天文学家团队宣布发现了一颗 “超级地球”—— 这是一颗围绕距离地球 300 光年的红矮星运行的行星，该红矮星具备可能支持液态水存在的条件（科学家认为液态水是生命形成的关键因素）—— 这一发现引发了关于银河系中存在地外生命可能性的新争论。 引导词作用：第一个 that 指代 “a planet”（物），在从句中充当主语；第二个 which 指代 “a red dwarf star”（物），在从句中充当主语；第三个 that 指代 “conditions”（物），在从句中充当主语；“a key factor” 后省略引导词 that（修饰 factor 的定语从句），涉及天文学与生命科学专业术语（super-Earth, red dwarf star, light-years, liquid water, extraterrestrial life） 从句成分：完整（第一层从句：主语：that；谓语：orbits；宾语：a red dwarf star which is located 300 light-years from Earth and has conditions that may support the existence of liquid water；第二层从句：主语：which；谓语：is located 和 has；宾语 / 表语：300 light-years from Earth 和 conditions that may support the existence of liquid water；第三层从句：主语：that；谓语：may support；宾语：the existence of liquid water；补充定语从句：(that) scientists believe is essential for the formation of life（修饰 a key factor）） II. 语法填空（共 65 题，基础 30 题 + 进阶 35 题） 请根据句意及定语从句语法规则，填入一个适当的词（介词 / 关系代词 / 关系副词）。 第一组：基础练习 1. The pen ______ which I write my school homework daily got lost this morning. 答案：with 解析：先行词 “the pen”（物），从句中 “write” 需搭配介词 “with”（write with the pen），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 with。 2. He shared such interesting stories ______ attracted all the audience during the class. 答案：as 解析：先行词 “such interesting stories”（含 such 修饰），限制性定语从句缺主语，需用 as 引导（such...as 为固定结构），故填 as。 3. ______ is well-known to all, reading a lot helps develop our thinking and widen our eyes. 答案：As 解析：as 引导非限定性定语从句，“As is well-known to all” 为固定搭配，as 指代主句内容，可置于句首，故填 As。 4. Those ______ want to join the school music club must hand in a first-round audition recording. 答案：who 解析：先行词 “Those”（指人，表 “那些人”），限制性定语从句缺主语，先行词为 those 时只能用 who 引导，故填 who。 5. This is the most interesting story ______ I have read in modern children's books. 答案：that 解析：先行词 “the most interesting story”（含最高级修饰），限制性从句缺 “read” 的宾语，含最高级修饰的先行词需用 that 引导，故填 that。 6. The way ______ he teaches English is very popular among teachers and students. 答案：that 解析：先行词 “the way”（表方式），限制性从句缺方式状语，表方式的先行词后可用 that 引导，故填 that。 7. The hard-working student ______ sits next to me often helps me with difficult math. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 “the hard-working student”（人），限制性从句缺 “sits” 的主语，指人作主语可用 who 或 that 引导，故填 who/that。 8. The reason ______ which he was absent from the morning class is that the bus was late. 答案：for 解析：先行词 “the reason”（原因），从句需搭配介词 “for”（the reason for），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 for。 9. ______ we thought, our school's basketball team won the regional competition. 答案：As 解析：as 引导非限定性定语从句，“As we thought” 表 “正如我们所想”，as 指代主句内容，可置于句首，故填 As。 10. The hotel ______ which we stayed during the summer holiday is famous for its clean beaches. 答案：in 解析：先行词 “the hotel”（地点），从句中 “stayed” 需搭配介词 “in”（stay in the hotel），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 in。 11. The famous doctor ______ whom we talked at the academic meeting is good at children's heart diseases. 答案：to 解析：先行词 “the famous doctor”（人），从句中 “talked” 需搭配介词 “to”（talk to sb），构成 “介词 + whom” 结构，故填 to。 12. This is the same pen ______ I lost on the school bus yesterday. 答案：as 解析：先行词 “the same pen”（含 the same 修饰），限制性从句缺 “lost” 的宾语，含 the same 修饰的先行词需用 as 引导，故填 as。 13. We are in a difficult situation ______ helping each other is very important to get through hard times. 答案：where 解析：先行词 “a difficult situation”（抽象地点），限制性从句结构完整，缺地点状语，抽象地点先行词需用 where 引导，故填 where。 14. The hardcover book ______ cover is red tells the history of the Olympic Games. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 “the hardcover book”（物），限制性从句缺定语修饰 “cover”，whose 表 “…… 的”，可指代物的所属关系，故填 whose。 15. The exact time ______ which the high-speed train leaves for Beijing is 8:30 a.m. sharp. 答案：at 解析：先行词 “the exact time”（时间），从句需搭配介词 “at”（at the time），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 at。 16. The college student ______ father is a senior nurse often helps clean the classroom after class. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 “the college student”（人），限制性从句缺定语修饰 “father”，whose 表 “…… 的”，可指代人的所属关系，故填 whose。 17. The small café has three tables with marble tops, all ______ which are always full on weekends. 答案：of 解析：先行词 “three tables with marble tops”（物），非限定性从句中 “all” 需搭配介词 “of”（all of），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 of。 18. This is the first English song ______ I learned when I was in primary school. 答案：that 解析：先行词 “the first English song”（含序数词修饰），限制性从句缺 “learned” 的宾语，含序数词修饰的先行词需用 that 引导，故填 that。 19. The kind lady ______ whom you met at the big supermarket this morning is my aunt on my mother's side. 答案：with 解析：先行词 “the kind lady”（人），从句中 “met” 需搭配介词 “with”（meet with sb），构成 “介词 + whom” 结构，故填 with。 20. The solid wooden desk ______ which I put my schoolbag on daily is an old one made in the 1990s. 答案：on 解析：先行词 “the solid wooden desk”（物），从句中 “put” 需搭配介词 “on”（put on the desk），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 on。 21. My elder brother/sister, ______ works as a children's doctor in a local big hospital, will visit us next Sunday. 答案：who 解析：先行词 “My elder brother/sister”（人），非限定性从句缺 “works” 的主语，非限定性从句指人作主语只能用 who 引导，故填 who。 22. The famous film, ______ which we watched together last night, made all of us very moved. 答案：with 解析：先行词 “The famous film”（物），从句中 “watched” 需搭配介词 “with”（watch with sth），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 with。 23. The new school building, ______ was finished in June, has 20 bright classrooms. 答案：which 解析：先行词 “The new school building”（物），非限定性从句缺 “was finished” 的主语，非限定性从句指物作主语只能用 which 引导，故填 which。 24. She is the only person ______ can solve this difficult math problem in our whole grade. 答案：who 解析：先行词 “the only person”（人，含 only 修饰），限制性从句缺 “can solve” 的主语，含 only 修饰且指人的先行词需用 who 引导，故填 who。 25. This is the main reason ______ I can't attend tomorrow's afternoon meeting. 答案：why 解析：先行词 “the main reason”（原因），限制性从句结构完整，缺原因状语，表原因的先行词需用 why 引导，故填 why。 26. The house ______ which we lived last year was destroyed by the big storm. 答案：in 解析：先行词 “The house”（物），从句中 “lived” 需搭配介词 “in”（live in the house），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 in。 27. I still remember the specific time ______ we first met at the international airport three years ago. 答案：when 解析：先行词 “the specific time”（时间），限制性从句结构完整，缺时间状语，表时间的先行词需用 when 引导，故填 when。 28. This is the old place ______ which my grandparents lived when they were young. 答案：in 解析：先行词 “the old place”（物），从句中 “lived” 需搭配介词 “in”（live in the place），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 in。 29. The magazine ______ you are reading now was borrowed from the school library. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 “The magazine”（物），限制性从句缺 “are reading” 的宾语，指物作宾语可用 that 或 which 引导，故填 that/which。 30. The city park ______ which we had a picnic last month is now being renovated a lot. 答案：in 解析：先行词 “The city park”（物），从句中 “had a picnic” 需搭配介词 “in”（have a picnic in the park），构成 “介词 + which” 结构，故填 in。 第二组：进阶练习 1. The prominent scientist ______ research breakthroughs in artificial intelligence were discussed during the interdisciplinary seminar is a globally acclaimed expert in machine learning algorithms. 答案：whose 句意：那位在跨学科研讨会上其人工智能领域研究突破被讨论的杰出科学家，是全球知名的机器学习算法专家。 解析：先行词 “the prominent scientist”（人），从句缺定语修饰 “research breakthroughs”，whose 表 “…… 的”，指代人所属关系，故填 whose。 2. This signifies the first instance ______ I have beheld such a spectacular sunset that paints the tranquil alpine lake at the mountain’s base in golden hues. 答案：that 句意：这是我第一次目睹如此壮丽的日落 —— 它将山脚下宁静的高山湖泊染成了金色。 解析：先行词 “the first instance”（含序数词修饰），从句缺 “have beheld” 的宾语，含序数词修饰需用 that，故填 that。 3. She invested in a premium digital camera, the price of ______ substantially surpasses her initial budget owing to its cutting-edge optical lens technology imported from Japan. 答案：which 句意：她投资购买了一台高端数码相机，由于其搭载的日本进口尖端光学镜头技术，这台相机的价格远超她的初始预算。 解析：先行词 “a premium digital camera”（物），非限定性从句缺 “of” 的宾语，非限定性从句指物作宾语用 which，故填 which。 4. The strategy ______ he addresses intricate English grammatical complexities diverges considerably from the methodology ______ I customarily employ to guide my classmates. 答案：that；that 句意：他用来解决复杂英语语法难题的策略，与我通常用来指导同学的方法有很大差异。 解析：前空先行词 “the strategy”（表方式），从句缺方式状语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the methodology”（物），从句缺 “employ” 的宾语，用 that 引导，构成双定语从句结构，故两空均填 that。 5. The manufacturing plant, ______ produces 1,000 intelligent electric vehicles monthly, exports most of its products to developed nations across Europe and North America ______ environmental regulations are extremely strict. 答案：which；where 句意：这家每月生产 1000 辆智能电动汽车的制造厂，将其大部分产品出口到欧洲和北美那些环境法规极为严格的发达国家。 解析：前空先行词 “the manufacturing plant”（物），非限定性从句缺主语，用 which 引导；后空先行词 “developed nations”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，故填 which；where。 6. ______ is often the case with world cultural heritage sites, the Great Wall attracts millions of international tourists annually with its magnificent architectural heritage ______ dates back to the Ming Dynasty. 答案：As；that 句意：正如世界文化遗产通常的情况那样，长城凭借其可追溯至明朝的宏伟建筑遗产，每年吸引数百万国际游客。 解析：前空 as 引导非限定性从句，“As is often the case” 为固定搭配，as 指代主句内容；后空先行词 “architectural heritage”（物），从句缺 “dates back” 的主语，用 that 引导，故填 As；that。 7. We are confronted with an urgent scenario ______ we must make an immediate decision to rescue the injured wildlife ______ habitats have been destroyed by the devastating forest fire. 答案：where；whose 句意：我们面临一种紧急情况 —— 在这种情况下，我们必须立即做出决定，营救那些栖息地被毁灭性森林大火破坏的受伤野生动物。 解析：前空先行词 “an urgent scenario”（抽象地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；后空先行词 “injured wildlife”（物），从句缺定语修饰 “habitats”，用 whose 引导，故填 where；whose。 8. The young pianist ______ I attended the classical music recital last weekend is a promising talent enrolled at the Central Conservatory of Music ______ she has studied under the guidance of world-renowned masters. 答案：whom；where 句意：上周末我和她一起去听古典音乐独奏会的那位年轻钢琴家，是中央音乐学院的一位有前途的天才，她在那里师从世界知名大师学习。 解析：前空先行词 “the young pianist”（人），从句缺 “attended” 的宾语，用 whom 引导；后空先行词 “the Central Conservatory of Music”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，故填 whom；where。 9. He is one of the dedicated volunteers ______ devote their weekends to assisting elderly residents with daily errands in the neighborhood community ______ was established in the early 1990s. 答案：who；that 句意：他是那些致力于在周末帮助社区老年居民处理日常事务的志愿者之一，而这个社区成立于 20 世纪 90 年代初。 解析：前空先行词 “the dedicated volunteers”（“one of + 复数名词”），从句缺主语，用 who 引导；后空先行词 “the neighborhood community”（物），从句缺 “was established” 的主语，用 that 引导，故填 who；that。 10. The academic monograph ______ I borrowed from the university library last month—focusing on cross-cultural communication dynamics in international business—has been returned prior to the deadline ______ the librarian emphasized repeatedly. 答案：that；that 句意：我上个月从大学图书馆借来的、聚焦国际商务中跨文化沟通动态的学术专著，已在图书管理员反复强调的截止日期前归还。 解析：前空先行词 “the academic monograph”（物），从句缺 “borrowed” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the deadline”（物），从句缺 “emphasized” 的宾语，用 that 引导，故填 that；that。 11. The ancient metropolis ______ I was born and raised is globally celebrated for its time-honored paper-cutting craftsmanship and traditional folk art forms ______ have been passed down for centuries. 答案：where；that 句意：我出生并长大的那座古都，因其历史悠久的剪纸工艺和那些已传承数百年的传统民间艺术形式而享誉全球。 解析：前空先行词 “the ancient metropolis”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；后空先行词 “traditional folk art forms”（物），从句缺 “have been passed down” 的主语，故填 where；that。 12. This is the most comprehensive research report ______ the senior psychology major compiled after six months of fieldwork, and it has been highly commended by the professor ______ specializes in cognitive psychology. 答案：that；who 句意：这是那位心理学专业大四学生经过六个月实地调研后编写的最全面的研究报告，该报告得到了那位研究认知心理学的教授的高度评价。 解析：前空先行词 “the most comprehensive research report”（含最高级修饰），从句缺 “compiled” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the professor”（人），从句缺 “specializes” 的主语，用 who 引导，故填 that；who。 13. The centuries-old pine tree ______ branches are heavily blanketed with snow stands majestically in the courtyard of the historic temple ______ was built during the Tang Dynasty. 答案：whose；that 句意：那棵树枝被厚厚的积雪覆盖的百年松树，威严地矗立在那座建于唐朝的历史寺庙的庭院里。 解析：前空先行词 “the centuries-old pine tree”（物），从句缺定语修饰 “branches”，用 whose 引导；后空先行词 “the historic temple”（物），从句缺 “was built” 的主语，用 that 引导，故填 whose；that。 14. The important symposium ______ we will participate tomorrow will focus on formulating new protocols for campus safety management, ______ has become a top priority for schools nationwide. 答案：that；which 句意：我们明天将参加的这场重要研讨会，将重点制定校园安全管理新规程，而校园安全管理已成为全国各学校的首要任务。 解析：前空先行词 “the important symposium”（物），从句缺 “participate” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词为前面整个主句，非限定性从句缺主语，用 which 引导，故填 that；which。 15. The explanation ______ he provided for declining the club membership revolves around his after-school schedule ______ is fully occupied by scientific research initiatives in the school laboratory. 答案：that；that 句意：他为拒绝加入俱乐部而给出的解释，核心是他的课后时间已被学校实验室里的科研项目完全占据。 解析：前空先行词 “the explanation”（物），从句缺 “provided” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “his after-school schedule”（物），从句缺 “is fully occupied” 的主语，用 that 引导，故填 that；that。 16. ______ we all recognize, the documentary centered on environmental protection won the top award at the international film festival ______ was held in Paris last year. 答案：As；that 句意：正如我们所有人都认可的那样，那部以环境保护为主题的纪录片，在去年于巴黎举办的国际电影节上获得了最高奖项。 解析：前空 as 引导非限定性从句，“As we all recognize” 表 “正如我们认可”，as 指代主句内容；后空先行词 “the international film festival”（物），从句缺 “was held” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 As；that。 17. The student ______ father is a distinguished literary author claimed the gold medal in the national adolescent story-writing competition ______ attracts thousands of participants annually. 答案：whose；that 句意：那位父亲是知名文学作家的学生，在每年吸引数千人参赛的全国青少年故事创作大赛中获得了金奖。 解析：前空先行词 “the student”（人），从句缺定语修饰 “father”，用 whose 引导；后空先行词 “the national adolescent story-writing competition”（物），从句缺 “attracts” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 whose；that。 18. The boutique hotel ______ we resided during our business trip to Shanghai is renowned for its minimalist aesthetic and personalized hospitality services ______ have earned it global recognition. 答案：where；that 句意：我们去上海出差时入住的那家精品酒店，以其极简主义美学风格和那些为它赢得全球认可的个性化 hospitality 服务而闻名。 解析：前空先行词 “the boutique hotel”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；后空先行词 “personalized hospitality services”（物），从句缺 “have earned” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 where；that。 19. The basketball team ______ claimed victory in yesterday’s intense tournament will represent our school in the upcoming provincial championship ______ will be held in the capital city next month. 答案：that；that 句意：在昨天激烈的锦标赛中夺冠的那支篮球队，将代表我校参加下个月在省会城市举办的省级锦标赛。 解析：前空先行词 “the basketball team”（物，表集体），从句缺 “claimed” 的主语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the upcoming provincial championship”（物），从句缺 “will be held” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 20. The quarterly publication ______ you are currently browsing—focused on environmental conservation strategies—features exclusive interviews with leading eco-activists ______ have devoted their lives to protecting the planet. 答案：that；who 句意：你目前正在浏览的、聚焦环境保护策略的这份季刊，刊登了对那些毕生致力于地球保护的顶尖环保活动家的独家采访。 解析：前空先行词 “the quarterly publication”（物），从句缺 “are browsing” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “leading eco-activists”（人），从句缺 “have devoted” 的主语，用 who 引导；故填 that；who。 21. The urban recreational area ______ we often take a leisurely stroll after dinner is currently undergoing extensive renovation, ______ will add more green spaces and fitness facilities by next spring. 答案：where；which 句意：我们晚饭后常去悠闲散步的那片城市休闲区，目前正在进行大规模翻新，到明年春天这项工程将新增更多绿地和健身设施。 解析：前空先行词 “the urban recreational area”（抽象地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；后空先行词为前面整个主句，非限定性从句缺主语，用 which 引导；故填 where；which。 22. The gentleman ______ luxury vehicle broke down on the highway requested a ride to the nearest service station ______ mechanics are skilled in repairing high-end cars. 答案：whose；where 句意：那位豪华轿车在高速公路上出故障的先生，请求搭车前往最近的那家维修站 —— 那里的机械师擅长维修高端汽车。 解析：前空先行词 “the gentleman”（人），从句缺定语修饰 “luxury vehicle”，用 whose 引导；后空先行词 “the nearest service station”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；故填 whose；where。 23. I still recall the precious period ______ we spent exploring the ancient villages in the countryside, and it remains one of the most unforgettable memories ______ I cherish from my childhood. 答案：that；that 句意：我仍记得我们在乡村探索古村落的那段珍贵时光，这段时光至今仍是我童年时期最珍视的难忘回忆之一。 解析：前空先行词 “the precious period”（物，表时间），从句缺 “spent” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the most unforgettable memories”（含最高级修饰），从句缺 “cherish” 的宾语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 24. The classic literary work ______ Lu Xun penned—one of China’s greatest modern writers—is still widely studied in high school and university literature courses ______ focus on 20th-century Chinese literature. 答案：that；that 句意：中国最伟大的现代作家之一鲁迅所撰写的这部经典文学作品，至今仍在聚焦 20 世纪中国文学的初高中及大学文学课程中被广泛研读。 解析：前空先行词 “the classic literary work”（物），从句缺 “penned” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “literature courses”（物），从句缺 “focus on” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 25. The young girl ______ long black hair cascades naturally over her shoulders is my deskmate ______ shares a common passion for fine arts and often attends painting workshops with me. 答案：whose；who 句意：那位黑色长发自然垂落肩头的年轻女孩是我的同桌，她和我一样热爱美术，并且经常和我一起参加绘画工作坊。 解析：前空先行词 “the young girl”（人），从句缺定语修饰 “long black hair”，用 whose 引导；后空先行词 “my deskmate”（人），从句缺 “shares” 的主语，用 who 引导；故填 whose；who。 26. The small town houses two manufacturing facilities, both of ______ have been in operation for over 50 years and contribute significantly to the local economy ______ has grown steadily in recent decades. 答案：which；that 句意：这个小镇拥有两家制造工厂，这两家工厂都已运营超过 50 年，并且为近几十年来稳步增长的当地经济做出了重要贡献。 解析：前空先行词 “two manufacturing facilities”（物），非限定性从句中 “both of” 后接 which；后空先行词 “the local economy”（物），从句缺 “has grown” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 which；that。 27. The scientific experiment ______ the students are paying close attention is designed to test the new chemical reaction mechanism ______ was proposed by a Nobel Prize-winning chemist. 答案：that；that 句意：学生们正密切关注的这项科学实验，旨在测试由一位诺贝尔化学奖得主提出的新型化学反应机理。 解析：前空先行词 “the scientific experiment”（物），从句缺 “are paying close attention” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the new chemical reaction mechanism”（物），从句缺 “was proposed” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 28. ______ has been highlighted in the report, the global average temperature has risen by 1.5℃ over the past century, ______ is a major cause of extreme weather events worldwide. 答案：As；which 句意：正如报告中所强调的那样，过去一个世纪全球平均气温已上升 1.5 摄氏度，而这一升温现象是全球极端天气事件频发的主要原因之一。 解析：前空 as 引导非限定性从句，“As has been highlighted” 表 “正如报告强调”；后空先行词为前面温度上升的情况，非限定性从句缺主语，用 which 引导；故填 As；which。 29. This is the only historic building ______ windows face south and once functioned as a renowned public library ______ many local residents spent their childhood reading. 答案：that；where 句意：这是唯一一座窗户朝南且曾作为知名公共图书馆的历史建筑，许多当地居民的童年时光都是在这座图书馆里读书度过的。 解析：前空先行词 “the only historic building”（含 only 修饰），从句缺定语修饰 “windows”，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “a renowned public library”（地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；故填 that；where。 30. The online course ______ I acquired extensive knowledge about artificial intelligence is instructed by a professor from Stanford University ______ is widely recognized as a leader in the field of AI research. 答案：that；that 句意：我从中获取了大量人工智能相关知识的这门在线课程，由斯坦福大学的一位教授授课，而这位教授被广泛认为是人工智能研究领域的领军人物。 解析：前空先行词 “the online course”（物），从句缺 “acquired...about” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “Stanford University”（物），从句缺 “is widely recognized” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 31. The renowned poet ______ works are infused with local cultural elements won the national literary award last year, and the ceremony ______ he received the award was broadcast live on national television. 答案：whose；where 句意：那位作品中融入了地方文化元素的知名诗人，去年获得了全国文学奖，而他领奖的那场颁奖典礼在全国电视台进行了现场直播。 解析：前空先行词 “the renowned poet”（人），从句缺定语修饰 “works”，用 whose 引导；后空先行词 “the ceremony”（抽象地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；故填 whose；where。 32. This is the second occasion ______ I have visited the museum dedicated to ancient civilizations, and I was deeply impressed by the relics ______ date back to over 5,000 years ago. 答案：that；that 句意：这是我第二次参观那家以古文明为主题的博物馆，馆内那些可追溯至 5000 多年前的文物给我留下了深刻印象。 解析：前空先行词 “the second occasion”（含序数词修饰），从句缺 “have visited” 的宾语，用 that 引导；后空先行词 “the relics”（物），从句缺 “date back” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 that；that。 33. The case ______ we need to protect endangered species is being discussed in the meeting, and experts have put forward solutions ______ can balance ecological protection and economic development. 答案：where；that 句意：我们需要保护濒危物种的这一议题正在会议中被讨论，专家们已提出能够平衡生态保护与经济发展的解决方案。 解析：前空先行词 “The case”（抽象地点，表情况），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导；后空先行词 “solutions”（物），从句缺 “can balance” 的主语，用 that 引导；故填 where；that。 34. I still vividly remember the sunny autumn day ______ my classmates and I, accompanied by our geography teacher, first visited the city’s science museum— a landmark ______ houses a vast collection of exhibits introducing the latest advancements in space exploration, quantum computing, and genetic engineering. 答案：when；that 句意：我仍清晰地记得那个晴朗的秋日 —— 那天我和同学们在地理老师的陪同下，第一次参观了市里的科学博物馆，这座地标性建筑收藏了大量展示太空探索、量子计算和基因工程最新进展的展品。 解析：前空先行词 “the sunny autumn day”（时间，含细节修饰），从句 “my classmates and I...first visited” 结构完整，缺时间状语，用 when 引导；后空先行词 “a landmark”（物，作 museum 的同位语），从句缺 “houses” 的主语，用 that 引导。故填 when；that。 35. Despite repeated inquiries from her classmates, she failed to provide a convincing explanation for the reason ______ she missed the crucial lecture on applied linguistics— a lecture ______ the professor had spent three months preparing and which was widely regarded as a key review session for the upcoming final exam. 答案：why；that 句意：尽管同学们反复询问，她仍未能就自己错过那场重要的应用语言学讲座给出有说服力的解释 —— 这场讲座是教授花了三个月时间准备的，且被广泛认为是即将到来的期末考试的关键复习课。 解析：前空先行词 “the reason”（原因，含 “convincing explanation” 修饰），从句 “she missed...” 结构完整，缺原因状语，用 why 引导；后空先行词 “a lecture”（物，作同位语），从句缺 “had spent” 的宾语，用 that 引导。故填 why；that。 III. 句型转换（共 10 题） 要求：将以下句子合并为含定性定语从句的句子。 第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等） 1. Our school will hold a “Traditional Culture Week” next month. The activity aims to help students learn more about Chinese folk art.（校园活动通知） 2. I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. The book introduces the history of the Olympic Games.（读书分享信） 3. The community organized a volunteer activity last weekend. Many elderly people in the neighborhood were helped in the activity.（社区服务总结） 4. We will visit a paper-cutting museum next Friday. The museum is located in the old town of our city.（社会实践通知） 5. The teacher gave us a suggestion. We should read one English article every day to improve our reading skills.（英语学习建议信） 第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写・丰富细节） 1. The little girl found a lost kitten in the park. She took the kitten to the community service center to help find its owner.（补充细节 “holding the kitten gently in her arms”——“温情类・爱心描写”） 2. Tom received a birthday gift from his father. The gift was a model plane he had been looking forward to for a long time.（补充细节 “with excited tears in his eyes”——“成长类・情感表达”） 3. We walked along a small path in the forest. Many beautiful wild flowers grew on both sides of the path.（补充细节 “enjoying the fresh air”——“自然类・场景描写”） 4. The old man sat on a wooden bench in the park. He often told interesting stories about his childhood to the children around him.（补充细节 “with a smile on his face”——“怀旧类・人物刻画”） 5. Lucy bought a new notebook. She uses the notebook to write down her daily thoughts and feelings.（补充细节 “with a pink cover”——“生活类・细节描写”） 答案及解析 第一部分：应用文场景 1. Our school will hold a “Traditional Culture Week” next month that/which aims to help students learn more about Chinese folk art. 2. The book that/which I borrowed from the school library yesterday introduces the history of the Olympic Games. 3. The community organized a volunteer activity last weekend, in which many elderly people in the neighborhood were helped. 4. We will visit a paper-cutting museum that/which is located in the old town of our city next Friday. 5. The suggestion that/which the teacher gave us is that we should read one English article every day to improve our reading skills. 第二部分：读后续写场景 1. The little girl found a lost kitten in the park that/which she took to the community service center to help find its owner, holding the kitten gently in her arms. 2. Tom received a birthday gift from his father, which was a model plane he had been looking forward to for a long time, with excited tears in his eyes. 3. We walked along a small path in the forest on both sides of which many beautiful wild flowers grew, enjoying the fresh air. 4. The old man who/that often told interesting stories about his childhood to the children around him sat on a wooden bench in the park with a smile on his face. 5. Lucy bought a new notebook with a pink cover that/which she uses to write down her daily thoughts and feelings. IV. 句子翻译（共 20 题） 使用定语从句完成句子翻译，使内容完整。 第一部分：应用文场景（贴合校园 / 生活） 1. 我们上周参观的那家科技馆拥有许多先进的航天模型，这些模型能帮助学生更好地了解太空知识。（社会实践报告） The science and technology museum _______________________________ has many advanced space models, ____________ can help students learn more about space knowledge. 2. 那位在英语课上总是耐心帮助我们的老师，将带领我们参加下个月的全国英语演讲比赛。（校园通知） The teacher _________________________________________ will lead us to participate in the national English speech competition next month. 3. 我昨天从书店买的那本关于环境保护的书，详细介绍了如何减少塑料污染的方法。（读书推荐信） The book about environmental protection ____________________________________________ introduces in detail the ways to reduce plastic pollution. 4. 我们社区新建的那个现代化公园，每天清晨都有众多老年人在那里进行太极拳等养生活动。（社区公告） The newly-built modern park ___________________________________ witnesses numerous elderly residents engaging in health-preserving activities like tai chi every dawn. 5. 他提出的关于优化校园餐饮服务质量的创新性建议，获得了全体师生的一致认可与鼎力支持。（校园建议信） The innovative proposal _________________________________________ has won unanimous recognition and strong support from all teachers and students. 6. 学校图书馆新购入的那些涵盖多种学科的参考书，能为高三学生的复习备考提供有力帮助。（图书馆借阅指南） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 那位经常在校园公益活动中主动承担责任的学生，被评为本学期的 “校园公益之星”。（校园表彰通报） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 社区志愿者们精心组织的那场面向儿童的安全教育讲座，有效提升了孩子们的自我保护意识。（社区活动总结） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分：读后续写场景（强化情感 / 细节） 1. 女孩紧紧抱着她妈妈手工缝制的玩偶，这个玩偶陪伴她度过了无数个孤独的夜晚。（温情类） The little girl held tightly the doll ___________________________________________________ ____, ______ accompanied her through countless lonely nights. 2. 男孩在河边捡到的那块奇特的石头，上面刻着一些他看不懂的古老符号。（冒险类） The strange stone _____________________________________________________________ has some ancient symbols on it ______ he couldn’t understand. 3. 奶奶放在客厅书架上的那本旧相册，记录了她年轻时在乡村生活的美好回忆。（怀旧类） The old photo album _____________________________________________________________ _______ records the beautiful memories of her life in the countryside when she was young. 4. 消防员从浓烟滚滚的燃烧建筑中奋不顾身救出的那个受惊小男孩，死死攥着消防员的手臂，始终不愿松开。（英雄类） The frightened little boy ___________________________________________________________ ________ clung tightly to the firefighter's arm and refused to release his grip. 5. 那位白发苍苍的老人每日清晨必去的街心小公园，矗立着一棵他青年时期亲手栽种的老槐树，如今已枝繁叶茂。（生活类） The small street park ____________________________________________________________ stands an old locust tree, ______ has grown lush and leafy over the years. 6. 女孩精心培育的那盆在寒冬里绽放的腊梅（wintersweet），散发着淡淡的幽香，温暖了整个冰冷的窗台。（温情类） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 男孩在废弃阁楼里发现的那个装满旧信件的木盒，承载着一对恋人跨越半个世纪的深情。（爱情类） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 牧民在草原深处救助的那只受伤的小羚羊，痊愈后依然常常回到牧民的帐篷旁，与他们相伴。（人与自然类） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 第一部分：应用文场景 1. that/which we visited last week；which 2. who/that always helps us patiently in English class 3. that/which I bought from the bookstore yesterday 4. that/which has been constructed in our neighborhood 5. that/which he put forward concerning the improvement of campus catering service quality 6. The reference books that/which cover various subjects and were newly purchased by the school library can provide strong support for senior three students in their review and preparation for the college entrance examination. 7. The student who/that often takes the initiative to take responsibility in campus public welfare activities was awarded the "Campus Public Welfare Star" this semester. 8. The safety education lecture that/which was carefully organized by community volunteers for children has effectively enhanced the children's awareness of self-protection. 第二部分：读后续写场景 1. that/which her mother made by hand；which 2. that/which the boy picked up by the river；that/which 3. that/which Grandma put on the bookshelf in the living room 4. that/which the firefighter bravely rescued from the smoke-choked burning building 5. that/which the white-haired elderly man never fails to visit every early morning；which 6. The wintersweet that/which the girl carefully cultivated and bloomed in the cold winter emits a faint fragrance and warms the entire cold windowsill. 7. The wooden box that/which the boy found in the abandoned attic and was filled with old letters carries the deep affection of a couple across half a century. 8. The injured little antelope that/which the herdsman rescued in the depths of the grassland still often returns to the herdsman's tent to accompany them after recovering. V. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 15 空） 短文 1：校园 “社团招新” 活动 Our school’s annual club recruitment fair will be held in the gym next Friday. The fair 1. ______ attracts over 20 clubs every year is a great chance for freshmen to choose their favorite clubs. The photography club 2. ______ members often go on outdoor shooting trips will display their best works at the fair. The music club 3. ______ students can learn to play instruments like the guitar and piano will hold a mini concert. Many students are interested in the robot club 4. ______ has won many national awards, so the teacher 5. ______ is in charge of the club will give a speech about its achievements. The time 6. ______ the fair starts is 9 a.m., and the duration 7. ______ will last 3 hours. For students 8. ______ have questions about registration, there will be volunteers 9. ______ can provide help. We also prepared a list of rules 10. ______ students must follow, such as not bringing snacks into the gym. The reason 11. ______ we attach great importance to this fair is that it helps students develop interests beyond academics. The gym 12. ______ the fair will be held is on the second floor of the school building. There is a notice board 13. ______ details of each club are posted, so students can check it before the fair. Last year, the club 14. ______ I joined was the English drama club, 15. ______ helped me improve my spoken English a lot. I hope this year’s fair will be more successful! 短文 2：社区 “旧物改造” 活动 Our community plans to hold an “Old Item Transformation” activity next weekend to encourage residents to reuse old things. The activity 1. ______ aims to promote environmental protection will be held in the community square. Many residents have old items 2. ______ they no longer use, such as old clothes and furniture. The expert 3. ______ was invited to guide the activity will teach us how to turn these old items into useful things. For example, old clothes 4. ______ are made of cotton can be cut into small bags, and old chairs 5. ______ legs are broken can be repaired with new wood. The time 6. ______ the activity starts is 10 a.m., and the place 7. ______ we will work is the community hall (if it rains). The residents 8. ______ want to participate need to sign up before this Wednesday. There are some tools 9. ______ we need to prepare, like scissors and glue, which can be borrowed from the community office. The reason 10. ______ we organize this activity is that we want to reduce waste. Last year, the old table 11. ______ my neighbor transformed into a bookshelf is still in use. The community leader 12. ______ came to our building yesterday said that the number of participants 13. ______ we expect is over 50. There is a small gift 14. ______ will be given to everyone who finishes their transformation, and the best works 15. ______ are selected by the experts will be displayed in the community exhibition hall. 答案及解析 短文 1：校园 “社团招新” 活动 1. that/which（先行词 the fair，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which；限定性定语从句） 2. whose（先行词 the photography club，物，从句缺定语修饰 members，用 whose 表 “…… 的”） 3. where（先行词 the music club，抽象地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where=in which） 4. that/which（先行词 the robot club，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which；有 “national awards” 修饰，强化语境） 5. who/that（先行词 the teacher，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 6. when（先行词 the time，时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when=at which） 7. that/which（先行词 the duration，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which） 8. who/that（先行词 students，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 9. who/that（先行词 volunteers，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 10. that/which（先行词 rules，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略） 11. why（先行词 the reason，从句缺原因状语，用 why=for which） 12. where（先行词 the gym，地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where=in which） 13. where（先行词 a notice board，抽象地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where=on which） 14. that/which（先行词 the club，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略） 15. which（先行词 the English drama club，非限定性定语从句，从句缺主语，用 which（不可用 that）） 短文 2：社区 “旧物改造” 活动 1. that/which（先行词 the activity，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which；限定性定语从句，涉 “环保” 话题） 2. that/which（先行词 old items，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略） 3. who/that（先行词 the expert，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 4. that/which（先行词 old clothes，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which；有 “made of cotton” 修饰，细节丰富） 5. whose（先行词 old chairs，物，从句缺定语修饰 legs，用 whose 表 “…… 的”） 6. when（先行词 the time，时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when=at which） 7. where（先行词 the place，地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where=in which） 8. who/that（先行词 residents，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 9. that/which（先行词 tools，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略） 10. why（先行词 the reason，从句缺原因状语，用 why=for which） 11. that/which（先行词 the old table，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略；涉 “旧物改造” 实例） 12. who/that（先行词 the community leader，人，从句缺主语，用 who/that） 13. that/which（先行词 the number of participants，物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which，可省略） 14. that/which（先行词 a small gift，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which） 15. that/which（先行词 the best works，物，从句缺主语，用 that/which；有 “selected by the experts” 修饰，强化语境） 1 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$高中英语语法精练（6）—定语从句 高中英语语法精练（6）—定语从句 高中英语语法精练（6）— 定语从句综合（练习版） I. 识别与类型分析（共 10 题） 请找出下列句子中的定语从句，标注其具体类型（限定性 / 非限定性定语从句），并分析引导词的作用（指代先行词、在从句中充当的成分）及从句成分完整性（是否缺主语、宾语、状语等）。 1. The student who won the first prize in the national English writing competition is from our class. 2. This is the historical museum where my parents took me to visit during the summer vacation. 3. She bought a new laptop, which cost her three months’ pocket money. 4. The reason why he failed to attend the important meeting is that he got stuck in a traffic jam. 5. We will never forget the days when we worked together on the school charity project. 6. The renowned professor whose interdisciplinary research on renewable energy has won international awards often delivers lectures on sustainable development at top universities around the world. 7. As most environmentalists have emphasized in their studies, the urgent measures that governments take to reduce carbon emissions will directly affect the global climate pattern in the next decade. 8. The ancient manuscript from which archaeologists have uncovered crucial evidence about the origin of early writing systems was accidentally discovered in a remote cave in southern Iraq last year. 9. Dr. Elena Marquez, one of the few researchers who have put forward innovative frameworks explaining how AI-driven data analysis can address challenges that healthcare systems in developing countries have long struggled to overcome， recently published a paper arguing that such technologies could reduce medical resource shortages by 40% within five years. 10. The international team of astronomers announced the discovery of a super-Earth—a planet that orbits a red dwarf star which is located 300 light-years from Earth and has conditions that may support the existence of liquid water, a key factor scientists believe is essential for the formation of life—and this finding has sparked new debates about the possibility of extraterrestrial life in our galaxy. II. 语法填空（共 65 题，基础 30 题 + 进阶 35 题） 请根据句意及定语从句语法规则，填入一个适当的词（介词 / 关系代词 / 关系副词）。 第一组：基础练习 1. The pen ______ which I write my school homework daily got lost this morning. 2. He shared such interesting stories ______ attracted all the audience during the class. 3. ______ is well-known to all, reading a lot helps develop our thinking and widen our eyes. 4. Those ______ want to join the school music club must hand in a first-round audition recording. 5. This is the most interesting story ______ I have read in modern children's books. 6. The way ______ he teaches English is very popular among teachers and students. 7. The hard-working student ______ sits next to me often helps me with difficult math. 8. The reason ______ which he was absent from the morning class is that the bus was late. 9. ______ we thought, our school's basketball team won the regional competition. 10. The hotel ______ which we stayed during the summer holiday is famous for its clean beaches. 11. The famous doctor ______ whom we talked at the academic meeting is good at children's heart diseases. 12. This is the same pen ______ I lost on the school bus yesterday. 13. We are in a difficult situation ______ helping each other is very important to get through hard times. 14. The hardcover book ______ cover is red tells the history of the Olympic Games. 15. The exact time ______ which the high-speed train leaves for Beijing is 8:30 a.m. sharp. 16. The college student ______ father is a senior nurse often helps clean the classroom after class. 17. The small café has three tables with marble tops, all ______ which are always full on weekends. 18. This is the first English song ______ I learned when I was in primary school. 19. The kind lady ______ whom you met at the big supermarket this morning is my aunt on my mother's side. 20. The solid wooden desk ______ which I put my schoolbag on daily is an old one made in the 1990s. 21. My elder brother/sister, ______ works as a children's doctor in a local big hospital, will visit us next Sunday. 22. The famous film, ______ which we watched together last night, made all of us very moved. 23. The new school building, ______ was finished in June, has 20 bright classrooms. 24. She is the only person ______ can solve this difficult math problem in our whole grade. 25. This is the main reason ______ I can't attend tomorrow's afternoon meeting. 26. The house ______ which we lived last year was destroyed by the big storm. 27. I still remember the specific time ______ we first met at the international airport three years ago. 28. This is the old place ______ which my grandparents lived when they were young. 29. The magazine ______ you are reading now was borrowed from the school library. 30. The city park ______ which we had a picnic last month is now being renovated a lot. 第二组：进阶练习 1. The prominent scientist ______ research breakthroughs in artificial intelligence were discussed during the interdisciplinary seminar is a globally acclaimed expert in machine learning algorithms. 2. This signifies the first instance ______ I have beheld such a spectacular sunset that paints the tranquil alpine lake at the mountain’s base in golden hues. 3. She invested in a premium digital camera, the price of ______ substantially surpasses her initial budget owing to its cutting-edge optical lens technology imported from Japan. 4. The strategy ______ he addresses intricate English grammatical complexities diverges considerably from the methodology ______ I customarily employ to guide my classmates. 5. The manufacturing plant, ______ produces 1,000 intelligent electric vehicles monthly, exports most of its products to developed nations across Europe and North America ______ environmental regulations are extremely strict. 6. ______ is often the case with world cultural heritage sites, the Great Wall attracts millions of international tourists annually with its magnificent architectural heritage ______ dates back to the Ming Dynasty. 7. We are confronted with an urgent scenario ______ we must make an immediate decision to rescue the injured wildlife ______ habitats have been destroyed by the devastating forest fire. 8. The young pianist ______ I attended the classical music recital last weekend is a promising talent enrolled at the Central Conservatory of Music ______ she has studied under the guidance of world-renowned masters. 9. He is one of the dedicated volunteers ______ devote their weekends to assisting elderly residents with daily errands in the neighborhood community ______ was established in the early 1990s. 10. The academic monograph ______ I borrowed from the university library last month—focusing on cross-cultural communication dynamics in international business—has been returned prior to the deadline ______ the librarian emphasized repeatedly. 11. The ancient metropolis ______ I was born and raised is globally celebrated for its time-honored paper-cutting craftsmanship and traditional folk art forms ______ have been passed down for centuries. 12. This is the most comprehensive research report ______ the senior psychology major compiled after six months of fieldwork, and it has been highly commended by the professor ______ specializes in cognitive psychology. 13. The centuries-old pine tree ______ branches are heavily blanketed with snow stands majestically in the courtyard of the historic temple ______ was built during the Tang Dynasty. 14. The important symposium ______ we will participate tomorrow will focus on formulating new protocols for campus safety management, ______ has become a top priority for schools nationwide. 15. The explanation ______ he provided for declining the club membership revolves around his after-school schedule ______ is fully occupied by scientific research initiatives in the school laboratory. 16. ______ we all recognize, the documentary centered on environmental protection won the top award at the international film festival ______ was held in Paris last year. 17. The student ______ father is a distinguished literary author claimed the gold medal in the national adolescent story-writing competition ______ attracts thousands of participants annually. 18. The boutique hotel ______ we resided during our business trip to Shanghai is renowned for its minimalist aesthetic and personalized hospitality services ______ have earned it global recognition. 19. The basketball team ______ claimed victory in yesterday’s intense tournament will represent our school in the upcoming provincial championship ______ will be held in the capital city next month. 20. The quarterly publication ______ you are currently browsing—focused on environmental conservation strategies—features exclusive interviews with leading eco-activists ______ have devoted their lives to protecting the planet. 21. The urban recreational area ______ we often take a leisurely stroll after dinner is currently undergoing extensive renovation, ______ will add more green spaces and fitness facilities by next spring. 22. The gentleman ______ luxury vehicle broke down on the highway requested a ride to the nearest service station ______ mechanics are skilled in repairing high-end cars. 23. I still recall the precious period ______ we spent exploring the ancient villages in the countryside, and it remains one of the most unforgettable memories ______ I cherish from my childhood. 24. The classic literary work ______ Lu Xun penned—one of China’s greatest modern writers—is still widely studied in high school and university literature courses ______ focus on 20th-century Chinese literature. 25. The young girl ______ long black hair cascades naturally over her shoulders is my deskmate ______ shares a common passion for fine arts and often attends painting workshops with me. 26. The small town houses two manufacturing facilities, both of ______ have been in operation for over 50 years and contribute significantly to the local economy ______ has grown steadily in recent decades. 27. The scientific experiment ______ the students are paying close attention is designed to test the new chemical reaction mechanism ______ was proposed by a Nobel Prize-winning chemist. 28. ______ has been highlighted in the report, the global average temperature has risen by 1.5℃ over the past century, ______ is a major cause of extreme weather events worldwide. 29. This is the only historic building ______ windows face south and once functioned as a renowned public library ______ many local residents spent their childhood reading. 30. The online course ______ I acquired extensive knowledge about artificial intelligence is instructed by a professor from Stanford University ______ is widely recognized as a leader in the field of AI research. 31. The renowned poet ______ works are infused with local cultural elements won the national literary award last year, and the ceremony ______ he received the award was broadcast live on national television. 32. This is the second occasion ______ I have visited the museum dedicated to ancient civilizations, and I was deeply impressed by the relics ______ date back to over 5,000 years ago. 33. The case ______ we need to protect endangered species is being discussed in the meeting, and experts have put forward solutions ______ can balance ecological protection and economic development. 34. I still vividly remember the sunny autumn day ______ my classmates and I, accompanied by our geography teacher, first visited the city’s science museum— a landmark ______ houses a vast collection of exhibits introducing the latest advancements in space exploration, quantum computing, and genetic engineering. 35. Despite repeated inquiries from her classmates, she failed to provide a convincing explanation for the reason ______ she missed the crucial lecture on applied linguistics— a lecture ______ the professor had spent three months preparing and which was widely regarded as a key review session for the upcoming final exam. III. 句型转换（共 10 题） 要求：将以下句子合并为含定性定语从句的句子。 第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等） 1. Our school will hold a “Traditional Culture Week” next month. The activity aims to help students learn more about Chinese folk art.（校园活动通知） 2. I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. The book introduces the history of the Olympic Games.（读书分享信） 3. The community organized a volunteer activity last weekend. Many elderly people in the neighborhood were helped in the activity.（社区服务总结） 4. We will visit a paper-cutting museum next Friday. The museum is located in the old town of our city.（社会实践通知） 5. The teacher gave us a suggestion. We should read one English article every day to improve our reading skills.（英语学习建议信） 第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写・丰富细节） 1. The little girl found a lost kitten in the park. She took the kitten to the community service center to help find its owner.（补充细节 “holding the kitten gently in her arms”——“温情类・爱心描写”） 2. Tom received a birthday gift from his father. The gift was a model plane he had been looking forward to for a long time.（补充细节 “with excited tears in his eyes”——“成长类・情感表达”） 3. We walked along a small path in the forest. Many beautiful wild flowers grew on both sides of the path.（补充细节 “enjoying the fresh air”——“自然类・场景描写”） 4. The old man sat on a wooden bench in the park. He often told interesting stories about his childhood to the children around him.（补充细节 “with a smile on his face”——“怀旧类・人物刻画”） 5. Lucy bought a new notebook. She uses the notebook to write down her daily thoughts and feelings.（补充细节 “with a pink cover”——“生活类・细节描写”） IV. 句子翻译（共 20 题） 使用定语从句完成句子翻译，使内容完整。 第一部分：应用文场景（贴合校园 / 生活） 1. 我们上周参观的那家科技馆拥有许多先进的航天模型，这些模型能帮助学生更好地了解太空知识。（社会实践报告） The science and technology museum _______________________________ has many advanced space models, ____________ can help students learn more about space knowledge. 2. 那位在英语课上总是耐心帮助我们的老师，将带领我们参加下个月的全国英语演讲比赛。（校园通知） The teacher _________________________________________ will lead us to participate in the national English speech competition next month. 3. 我昨天从书店买的那本关于环境保护的书，详细介绍了如何减少塑料污染的方法。（读书推荐信） The book about environmental protection ____________________________________________ introduces in detail the ways to reduce plastic pollution. 4. 我们社区新建的那个现代化公园，每天清晨都有众多老年人在那里进行太极拳等养生活动。（社区公告） The newly-built modern park ___________________________________ witnesses numerous elderly residents engaging in health-preserving activities like tai chi every dawn. 5. 他提出的关于优化校园餐饮服务质量的创新性建议，获得了全体师生的一致认可与鼎力支持。（校园建议信） The innovative proposal _________________________________________ has won unanimous recognition and strong support from all teachers and students. 6. 学校图书馆新购入的那些涵盖多种学科的参考书，能为高三学生的复习备考提供有力帮助。（图书馆借阅指南） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 那位经常在校园公益活动中主动承担责任的学生，被评为本学期的 “校园公益之星”。（校园表彰通报） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 社区志愿者们精心组织的那场面向儿童的安全教育讲座，有效提升了孩子们的自我保护意识。（社区活动总结） ______________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分：读后续写场景（强化情感 / 细节） 1. 女孩紧紧抱着她妈妈手工缝制的玩偶，这个玩偶陪伴她度过了无数个孤独的夜晚。（温情类） The little girl held tightly the doll ___________________________________________________ ____, ______ accompanied her through countless lonely nights. 2. 男孩在河边捡到的那块奇特的石头，上面刻着一些他看不懂的古老符号。（冒险类） The strange stone _____________________________________________________________ has some ancient symbols on it ______ he couldn’t understand. 3. 奶奶放在客厅书架上的那本旧相册，记录了她年轻时在乡村生活的美好回忆。（怀旧类） The old photo album _____________________________________________________________ _______ records the beautiful memories of her life in the countryside when she was young. 4. 消防员从浓烟滚滚的燃烧建筑中奋不顾身救出的那个受惊小男孩，死死攥着消防员的手臂，始终不愿松开。（英雄类） The frightened little boy ___________________________________________________________ ________ clung tightly to the firefighter's arm and refused to release his grip. 5. 那位白发苍苍的老人每日清晨必去的街心小公园，矗立着一棵他青年时期亲手栽种的老槐树，如今已枝繁叶茂。（生活类） The small street park ____________________________________________________________ stands an old locust tree, ______ has grown lush and leafy over the years. 6. 女孩精心培育的那盆在寒冬里绽放的腊梅（wintersweet），散发着淡淡的幽香，温暖了整个冰冷的窗台。（温情类） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 男孩在废弃阁楼里发现的那个装满旧信件的木盒，承载着一对恋人跨越半个世纪的深情。（爱情类） ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 牧民在草原深处救助的那只受伤的小羚羊，痊愈后依然常常回到牧民的帐篷旁，与他们相伴。（人与自然类） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ V. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 15 空） 短文 1：校园 “社团招新” 活动 Our school’s annual club recruitment fair will be held in the gym next Friday. The fair 1. ______ attracts over 20 clubs every year is a great chance for freshmen to choose their favorite clubs. The photography club 2. ______ members often go on outdoor shooting trips will display their best works at the fair. The music club 3. ______ students can learn to play instruments like the guitar and piano will hold a mini concert. Many students are interested in the robot club 4. ______ has won many national awards, so the teacher 5. ______ is in charge of the club will give a speech about its achievements. The time 6. ______ the fair starts is 9 a.m., and the duration 7. ______ will last 3 hours. For students 8. ______ have questions about registration, there will be volunteers 9. ______ can provide help. We also prepared a list of rules 10. ______ students must follow, such as not bringing snacks into the gym. The reason 11. ______ we attach great importance to this fair is that it helps students develop interests beyond academics. The gym 12. ______ the fair will be held is on the second floor of the school building. There is a notice board 13. ______ details of each club are posted, so students can check it before the fair. Last year, the club 14. ______ I joined was the English drama club, 15. ______ helped me improve my spoken English a lot. I hope this year’s fair will be more successful! 短文 2：社区 “旧物改造” 活动 Our community plans to hold an “Old Item Transformation” activity next weekend to encourage residents to reuse old things. The activity 1. ______ aims to promote environmental protection will be held in the community square. Many residents have old items 2. ______ they no longer use, such as old clothes and furniture. The expert 3. ______ was invited to guide the activity will teach us how to turn these old items into useful things. For example, old clothes 4. ______ are made of cotton can be cut into small bags, and old chairs 5. ______ legs are broken can be repaired with new wood. The time 6. ______ the activity starts is 10 a.m., and the place 7. ______ we will work is the community hall (if it rains). The residents 8. ______ want to participate need to sign up before this Wednesday. There are some tools 9. ______ we need to prepare, like scissors and glue, which can be borrowed from the community office. The reason 10. ______ we organize this activity is that we want to reduce waste. Last year, the old table 11. ______ my neighbor transformed into a bookshelf is still in use. The community leader 12. ______ came to our building yesterday said that the number of participants 13. ______ we expect is over 50. There is a small gift 14. ______ will be given to everyone who finishes their transformation, and the best works 15. ______ are selected by the experts will be displayed in the community exhibition hall. 1 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$