专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡一中·期中） Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive （蜂房） that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle （喷嘴）, and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones （无人机）: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle, while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process. The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting any errors. The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder （圆筒） made of foam and a small cylinder made of the cement mixture. The tasks were difficult because simply making circles on top of other circles would not achieve the perfect alignment （对齐） that is necessary to ensure maximum stability. Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colors-the cylinders were built to be within 5mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standards. While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. 1．What inspires the design of Dr Kovac’s team? A．Bees building larger hives than their size. B．Bees flying in a more flexible way. C．Bees growing bigger than the hive. D．Bees working together as a team. 2．What is the feature of typical 3D printers? A．They expand the range of printing. B．They make adjustment while printing. C．They are more flexible than traditional ones. D．They make objects smaller than themselves. 3．What is the function of the builders in the building process? A．Correcting any errors. B．Spraying construction material. C．Carrying the scanning camera. D．Monitoring the building process. 4．What might the flying robots first be used to do mainly according to Dr Kovac? A．Repair damage in risky places. B．Construct buildings. C．Manufacture products. D．Monitor air pollution in the sky. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦帝国理工学院的机器人专家Mirko Kovac受昆虫建筑团队的启发，开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法，并介绍了这种3D打印系统的组成、工作原理、测试情况以及潜在的应用前景。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.(蜂组队完成一个复杂的蜂巢，最终蜂巢的大小是它们的许多倍。正是这些昆虫建造团队启发了伦敦帝国理工学院的机器人专家Mirko Kovac，他开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法)”结合下文介绍一个有建造者和扫描仪的3D打印机可推知，作为一个团队一起工作的蜜蜂启发了Kovac博士团队的设计。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself.(典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印比自己小的物体)”可知，典型的3D打印机的特点是它们能制造出比自己小的物体。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path.(首先，建造者在它的操作区域上空盘旋，当沿着它的飞行路径巧妙地移动时，它开始释放建筑材料的射流)”可知，这款3D打印机中建造者的功能是在建造过程中喷涂建筑材料。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places.（虽然这些机器人已经被证明具有制造能力，但Kovac博士说，它们的主要工作可能是修复。飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，这使得它们非常适合在危险或难以接近的地方修理东西）”可推知，飞行机器人可能首先主要用于修复危险场所的损坏。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中） Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050. It’s clear that our vision is becoming increasingly blurry. On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine （多巴胺）, helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast — like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background. It’s still a theory, but some scientists think that the contrast of reading a book or looking at a bright screen in a dark room might be overstimulating our retinas （视网膜）, causing more eye growth problems in children. A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A recent clinical trial found eye-drops with a low dose of atropine can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that peripheral defocus lenses （周边离焦透镜） might help stop nearsightedness from worsening. It’s strongly recommended that regular eye examinations should be a must, for people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age, such as glaucoma, early cataracts and macular degeneration. You can also reduce eye pressure by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as ensuring that you are reading or working in good light, and taking frequent breaks, etc. 5．What does the underlined word “blurry" in paragraph1 mean? A．Unclear B．Normal C．Bright D．Important 6．What’s the real reason why so many people are nearsighted? A．Dramatically increased use of screens. B．Looking at screens at a short distance. C．Not enough exposure to natural light. D．Not having enough breaks when working. 7．Why does the author mention the 2018 study in Scientific Records? A．To call on readers to remove their incorrect eye habits. B．To prove to readers the seriousness of nearsightedness. C．To support the link between high contrast and myopia. D．To show he is well-informed of the advances in this field. 8．What’s the main structure of this passage? A．Questions— answers. B．Problem— reasons— solutions. C．Problem— changes— effects. D．Viewpoint— arguments— conclusion. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕近视问题展开，介绍了近视的现状、可能的原因，以及预防和治疗近视的方法。 5. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050.（如今，大约42%的美国人患有近视，而1971年这一比例仅为25%。世界卫生组织预测，到2050年，全球将有一半人口患有近视或近视眼）”可知，全世界近视的问题越来越严重；由此可推测，划线词为“看不清”之意。选项A“unclear（不清晰的）”与此相符。故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine （多巴胺）, helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball.（看到这一情况，我们的第一反应可能是归咎于屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为，真正的原因并非完全如此，而是与之相关：即户外活动时间减少。接触自然光会刺激多巴胺的分泌，有助于调节眼球的正常生长和发。）”可知，专家认为近视的原因是户外活动时间减少，接触自然光不够。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia.( 2018年，《科学记录》杂志上的一项研究分析了在白色背景上看黑色文字与自然环境下观看时视网膜路径的差异，并得出结论，对比度可能会刺激近视的发展）”可知，作者提及这项研究是为了支持高对比度与近视之间的联系。故选C。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章首先提出了近视这一问题，然后分析了近视的原因，包括近距离工作、屏幕使用的增加以及缺乏户外活动等，最后给出了预防和治疗近视的解决方案，如增加户外活动时间、改善屏幕对比度和采取正确的生活习惯等。这一结构符合“问题——原因——解决方案”的模式。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·扬大附中·期中） Thanks to technology development, healthcare services are more accessible than ever. Hospitals have committed to digitally enabled care going mainstream and more health services have gone online than ever before. But are older people who don’t use the Internet being left behind? A study by Lancaster University found that lots of older people still avoid online life completely or use the Internet only on occasion. There are various reasons why older people don’t use the Internet. For many, a lack of confidence in their own ability to use technology raised fears about security, particularly with online banking. Whatever the reasons are, one of the biggest concerns about an off line older generation is the likelihood that they will miss out on big developments in health accessibility, especially as many useful health services move online. Madeleine Starr MBE, director of business development and innovation at Carers UK, said, “Though many of us use technology in our everyday lives, seven out of ten people don’t yet think of technology when it comes to caring. So, many are not yet realizing the benefits of this technology. Accessing appointments, ordering prescriptions （处方） or having consultations online can all help reduce visits to doctors and unplanned hospital visits.” In an aging society, the Internet can make a huge amount of difference to older people requiring a bit of extra support and those caring for them. “Advice from specialist websites or symptom checkers is great for those who are unsure if their symptoms are cause for concern or find it difficult to get to a doctor’s appointment. Technology is making it easier to offer remote care and support for older people, helping them remain independent. The information on the Internet can prevent older people from taking their health into their own hands,” adds Caroline Abrahams, charity director at Age UK. However, services need to remain accessible to those who aren’t online. While it’s fine to support older people getting online, those who choose not to or cannot do so, for whatever reason, should not be treated like second-class citizens. They must still be able to access services in other ways that suit them. 9．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A．To list some important facts. B．To raise a topic to be discussed. C．To express the main idea of the text. D．To introduce new advances in science. 10．What might be the big concern about off line older people? A．They will suffer from terrible loneliness. B．They will face risks from online banking. C．They will fail to benefit from advanced online healthcare. D．They will underestimate the role of modern technology in healthcare. 11．Why does the author mention Caroline Abrahams’ words in paragraph 4? A．To stress the popularity of the Internet. B．To reveal technology is developing very fast now. C．To indicate the big challenges an aging society faces. D．To show the Internet is of great importance to older people. 12．What is the message the author wants to convey in the last paragraph? A．Health services should get support from professionals. B．Older people should be encouraged to place their health first. C．Older people should receive some training in using the Internet. D．Health services should be offered in ways that suit different people. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着科学技术的发展，医疗保健服务比以往任何时候都更容易获得。然而，许多不会上网的老年人可能会错过重要机会，这应该怎样解决呢？ 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Thanks to technology development, healthcare services are more accessible than ever. Hospitals have committed to digitally enabled care going mainstream and more health services have gone online than ever before. But are older people who don’t use the Internet being left behind?（由于技术的发展，医疗保健服务比以往任何时候都更容易获得。医院已致力于使数字化护理成为主流，比以往任何时候都有更多的医疗服务上线。但是，不上网的老年人会被抛在后面吗？）”以及下文内容可知，第一段提出问题：不上网的老年人是否会被科技的发展所抛下？接下来全文主要围绕这一主题展开讨论。即第1段的主要目的是提出一个要讨论的话题。故选B。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Whatever the reasons are, one of the biggest concerns about an off line older generation is the likelihood that they will miss out on big developments in health accessibility, especially as many useful health services move online.（不管原因是什么，对不上网的老一辈最大的担忧之一是，他们可能会错过卫生服务可及性方面的重大发展，尤其是在许多有用的卫生服务转向网上的情况下）”可知，作者认为不上网的老年人将无法从网上医疗中受益，他们会错过网上医疗带来的好处。故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In an aging society, the Internet can make a huge amount of difference to older people requiring a bit of extra support and those caring for them. “Advice from specialist websites or symptom checkers is great for those who are unsure if their symptoms are cause for concern or find it difficult to get to a doctor’s appointment. Technology is making it easier to offer remote care and support for older people, helping them remain independent. The information on the Internet can prevent older people from taking their health into their own hands，” adds Caroline Abrahams, charity director at Age UK. （在一个老龄化的社会，互联网可以对那些需要一点额外支持的老年人和照顾他们的人产生巨大的影响。“对于那些不确定自己的症状是否值得关注或很难去看医生的人来说，来自专业网站或症状检查者的建议非常有用。”科技使为老年人提供远程护理和支持变得更加容易，帮助他们保持独立。互联网上的信息可能会阻止老年人将自己的健康掌握在自己手中，”Age UK的慈善主管卡罗琳·亚伯拉罕斯补充道。）”可知，这一段作者引用Caroline Abrahams所说的话强调了网上医疗对老年人的重要性。故选D。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, services need to remain accessible to those who aren’t online. While it’s fine to support older people getting online, those who choose not to or cannot do so, for whatever reason, should not be treated like second-class citizens. They must still be able to access services in other ways that suit them.（然而，服务需要对那些不上网的人保持可访问性。虽然支持老年人上网是好的，但那些选择不上网或不能上网的人，无论出于何种原因，都不应该被视为二等公民。他们仍然必须能够以适合他们的其他方式访问服务）”可知，作者认为应该给不同的人提供合适的医疗服务。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources, but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb, jump, and carry loads many times its own weight. The robot, mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York, along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin, is powered by tiny actuators （致动器）. “The actuator looks like a column. It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top，” said Aubin. The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet. To make the robot jump or climb, a stream of methane （甲烷） and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked （触发） with electricity from a battery. The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion, causing the rubber to change its form. Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber. But they provided considerable propulsion: the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. “This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby, a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois. Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications. And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd, described in a paper published in Science, would need further development for use in the field. “ At the moment, it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery, a limitation that presents a challenge. Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Truby. “This is the next big challenge to address.” 13．Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out? A．It is extremely tiny and light. B．It is equipped with a column. C．It is extremely swift and quick. D．It is driven by explosive force. 14．What happens when the methane and oxygen are sparked? A．The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot. B．The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement. C．The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot. D．The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement. 15．What does “propulsion" in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Ability to move. B．Possibility to develop. C．Force to push things. D．Electricity to spark gases. 16．How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built? A．They can use more actuators to provide larger power. B．They can design programs to control the robot efficiently. C．They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly. D．They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．C 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款新研发的昆虫机器人。它利用微型爆炸，引起橡胶形变，作为能量驱动，虽小却能负载数倍于自身重量的重担，有望应用于众多领域，但目前还需要解决如何在无线机器人上点燃燃料的问题。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段“but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb, jump, and carry loads many times its own weight. （但最近开发的由微小爆炸驱动的昆虫大小的机器人已经证明了攀爬、跳跃和携带数倍于自身重量的载荷的能力。）”可知，文中提到该机器人的特别之处在于它是由微小的爆炸推动的。故选D项。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“To make the robot jump or climb, a stream of methane （甲烷） and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked （触发） with electricity from a battery. The resulting reaction between the gases release d energy as a small explosion, causing the rubber to change its form. （为了让机器人跳跃或攀爬，一股甲烷和氧气流被注入每只脚，并由电池供电。由此产生的气体之间的反应释放能量作为一个小爆炸，使橡胶改变其形式。）”可知，甲烷和氧气的反应产生能量，引起橡胶形变，从而驱动机器人。故选C项。 15. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. （机器人可以跳到56厘米的高度，并携带22倍于自身重量的物品。）”可知，它们提供了相当大的推进力。可推知，划线词为“推动力”。故选C项。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy，” said Truby. “This is the next big challenge to address.” （“想出在无线机器人上燃烧燃料的方法并不容易。”“这是下一个需要解决的重大挑战。”）”可知，他们可以研究如何实现无线能量传输。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled. On the one side, traditional print publishing comes with a high carbon footprint. According to 2023 data, 32 million trees are cut down each year to make paper for books. Then there’s the energy-intensive processes of printing and shipping—to say nothing of the many books that are destroyed because they remain unsold. Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts （字体） can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper. On the other hand, digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon offer recycling programs for old devices. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, especially at the manufacturing stage. Their cases are made with plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining. Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, a pretty sustainable activity——regardless of whether you read using an e-reader, phone or old-fashioned paperback. 17．Why is it hard to tell if print or digital books are more eco-friendly? A．The whole processes for both involve many resources. B．The option depends on the reader’s personal preferences. C．Recycling programs are not equally effective for both types. D．The environmental impact of reading habits is often overlooked. 18．What are book publishers doing to reduce the environmental impact? A．Cutting down fewer trees. B．Destroying the unsold books. C．Employing eco-friendly practices. D．Focusing on the sales of digital books. 19．According to Berners-Lee, an e-reader is more sustainable than paperbacks when . A．an e-reader is shared by many people B．you charge it using renewable energy C．an e-reader is recycled after being used D．you read a high volume of books digitally 20．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Print books vs. e-readers: which is your favorite? B．Paper books vs. e-readers: which is better for the climate? C．Choose digital reading, for it reduces more carbon footprint D．Keep the balance of convenience and sustainability in reading 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】文章的体裁为说明文，通过对纸质书和电子书对环境影响的比较，介绍了它们各自的优缺点以及相关行业和个人在减少环境影响方面所采取的措施。 17. 推理判断题。根据第一第二段“Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled.（有些人喜欢平装书，因为它们容易借阅和分享。另一些人会选择电子阅读器。但哪种选项在环保方面更可持续？ 究竟是在纸质书上阅读还是在设备上阅读更好，这是一个复杂的问题，因为涉及到整个出版作品生命周期中涉及的资源的复杂互动：书籍和设备是如何运输的，运行所需的能源是多少，它们是否可以回收利用）”可知，打印书籍和数字书籍都涉及许多资源，包括制作、印刷、运输等环节，因此确定哪种更环保较为困难。故选A项。 18. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts （字体） can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.（尽管这在行业内是标准做法，但出版商并不希望销毁图书。因此，很多出版商选择将未售出的图书捐赠出去，并转向按需印刷。出版商也在重新考虑图书设计，因为某些字体可以更环保，使用更少的墨水和纸张） ”可知，出版商正在采取环保实践，包括捐出旧书、采用更环保的设计以及转向按需印刷等方法来降低环境影响。故选C项。 19. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do，” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything.（在决定是带数字设备还是纸质书去海滩时，最终取决于你的阅读量。“如果你购买了电子阅读器，并且在上面读了很多书，那么这是最低碳排放的选择，”《一切碳足迹》的作者迈克·伯纳斯-李说道） ”可知，Berners-Lee的观点是如果你在电子阅读器上阅读大量书籍，那么电子阅读器是更可持续的选择。故选D项。 20. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option?( 有些人喜欢平装书，因为它们方便借阅和共享。其他人会选择电子阅读器。但哪种选项更环保可持续呢） ”可知，文本主要论述纸质书与电子阅读器对气候影响的比较，“纸质书与电子阅读器：哪个对气候更好？”这个标题最合适。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南通海安·期中） In a move aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to help fight the global climate crisis, the Dutch city of Haarlem is set to become the first in the world to ban advertisements for meat. Beginning in 2024, advertisements for meat will be forbidden on buses, shelters, or screens in Haarlem’s public spaces. According to The Guardian, a third of all emissions contributing to global heating come from food production, with meat producing double the pollution of plant-based foods. Forests are cleared to make way for animal pastures （牧草地）, and nitrogen-rich fertilizers that help grow plants to feed animals can damage the ozone layer （臭氧层）, as well as create water pollution. Animals also produce large quantities of greenhouse gases. “Meat is just as harmful to the environment as fossil fuels, and we can’t tell citizens there’s a climate crisis and at the same time encourage them to buy products that are part of the cause,” said Ziggy Klazes, a councillor for the GroenLinks party. “It is a signal, if the ban is picked up nationally, that would only be very nice,” she added. However, the meat sector and some organisations weren’t pleased with the ban. A spokesperson for the Central Organisation for the Meat Sector argued the ban was an issue of free speech. Despite the disagreements about the ban from critics, the move may do the trick. For example, taxes on sugary drinks to help control obesity rates in California cities, including Berkeley and San Francisco, also received pushback when they first launched. In practice, however, Berkeley reporteda 21% decrease in consumption just a year following the tax. After three years, the consumption of sugary drinks dropped to 50% and mineral water increased by 29%. A plant-based diet is probably the biggest way to reduce your impact on Earth, not just greenhouse gases, but global acidification, land use, water use, etc. 21．Why was the meat advertisement banned in Haarlem? A．To advocate a plant-based diet. B．To help deal with climate issues. C．To improve the quality of meat. D．To beautify the image of the city. 22．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The causes of water pollution. B．The process of meat production. C．The major reason for global heating. D．The negative impact of meat production. 23．What is Ziggy Klazes’ attitude towards the ban? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Hesitant. D．Favorable. 24．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To promote zero-sugar drinks. B．To prove the effectiveness of the ban. C．To confirm the impact of the human diet. D．To call for higher taxes on meat production. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．D 24．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了荷兰城市哈勒姆将成为世界上第一个禁止肉类广告的城市，此举旨在减少温室气体排放，以应对全球气候危机。 21. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In a move aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to help fight the global climate crisis, the Dutch city of Haarlem is set to become the first in the world to ban advertisements for meat. Beginning in 2024, advertisements for meat will be forbidden on buses, shelters, or screens in Haarlem’s public spaces.（为了减少温室气体排放，帮助应对全球气候危机，荷兰哈勒姆市将成为世界上第一个禁止肉类广告的城市。从2024年开始，肉类广告将被禁止出现在哈勒姆的公共汽车、庇护所或公共场所的屏幕上）”可知，哈勒姆禁止肉类广告是为了帮助应对气候问题。故选B。 22. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to The Guardian, a third of all emissions contributing to global heating come from food production, with meat producing double the pollution of plant-based foods. Forests are cleared to make way for animal pastures （牧草地）, and nitrogen-rich fertilizers that help grow plants to feed animals can damage the ozone layer （臭氧层）, as well as create water pollution. Animals also produce large quantities of greenhouse gases.（据《卫报》报道，导致全球变暖的排放中有三分之一来自食品生产，肉类产生的污染是植物性食品的两倍。森林被砍伐为动物牧场让路，而帮助种植植物喂养动物的富氮肥料会破坏臭氧层，并造成水污染。动物也会产生大量的温室气体）”可知，第二段主要讲了肉类生产的负面影响。故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Meat is just as harmful to the environment as fossil fuels, and we can’t tell citizens there’s a climate crisis and at the same time encourage them to buy products that are part of the cause（肉类对环境的危害和化石燃料一样大，我们不能一边告诉市民有气候危机，一边鼓励他们购买与气候危机有关的产品）”可知，Ziggy Klazes的这句话表明了他对这项禁令是赞成的，因为他认为肉类对环境有害，而这项禁令是在减少肉类广告。故选D。 24. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite the disagreements about the ban from critics, the move may do the trick. For example, taxes on sugary drinks to help control obesity rates in California cities, including Berkeley and San Francisco, also received pushback when they first launched. In practice, however, Berkeley reporteda 21% decrease in consumption just a year following the tax. After three years, the consumption of sugary drinks dropped to 50% and mineral water increased by 29%.尽管批评人士对禁令存在分歧，但此举可能会奏效。例如，对含糖饮料征税以帮助控制加州城市（包括伯克利和旧金山）的肥胖率，在首次推出时也遭到了抵制。然而，在实践中，伯克利报告说，在征税后仅一年，消费量就下降了21%。三年后，含糖饮料的消费量下降到50%，矿泉水的消费量增加了29%)”可知，作者提到这个例子是为了证明哈勒姆禁止肉类广告这一禁令可能会像对含糖饮料征税一样有效。故选B。 主题03 人与自我——善行善举 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） In 2015, Brian Peterson had just moved to Santa Ana. Outside the couple’s fourth-floor apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to his job, but they never spoke. One day, Peterson was reading the book about the power of love. Inspired by the book’s compassionate message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He fell on hard times and ended up living on the street. “But his story inspired me.” Peterson recalled later. Peterson found himself asking if he could paint Faris’s portrait. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on painting portraits of the homeless. Working from a black-and-white photo, Peterson chooses colors inspired by life story, creating a portrait. He showed one man winning his battle with alcoholism, for example, by changing the colors from a sad blue to a brilliant red. Peterson sells the picture — signed by both subject and artist — for a few thousand dollars, putting half for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. “I’ve made so many mistakes thinking. I knew what people wanted,” Peterson says, “Then I realized: Why don’t we just ask them?” Another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, had never been able to financially support her daughter. She asked, “Can I use the money to pay my daughter’s rent?” When the check was delivered, “they both wept in my arms,” Peterson recalls. In the eight years since Faces of Santa Ana was established, Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. He’s discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’” Peterson says, “I didn’t know that would happen.” 25．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Nonprofit Organization. B．The Man Realizing His Art Dream. C．Kind Buyers Helping the Homeless. D．The Man Painting Portraits for the Homeless. 26．Which of the following best describes Peterson? A．Imaginative. B．Optimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Caring. 27．Why did Peterson think he had made so many mistakes? A．He sold the pictures for money. B．He helped the homeless back home. C．He helped Kimberly finance her daughter. D．He didn’t realize people’s specific needs. 28．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph with others? A．The buyers liked making friends with others. B．Peterson’s behavior made a difference to the buyers. C．The homeless would contact the buyers with similarities. D．Everyone would be grateful to Peterson for his great work. 【答案】25．D 26．D 27．D 28．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了布莱恩·彼得森受到启发，与一个无家可归的人马特·法里斯结识并为其画像，从而成立了一个非营利组织，为无家可归者绘制肖像画的故事。 25. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on painting portraits of the homeless.（彼得森与法里斯的联系促使他成立了圣安娜之家，一个专注于为无家可归者绘制肖像画的非营利组织）”可知，文章主要介绍了彼得森如何为无家可归的人绘制肖像画。故选D。 26. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Inspired by the book’s compassionate message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself.（受这本书富有同情心的信息的启发，彼得森做出了一个意想不到的决定：他准备走出去并自我介绍）”以及文中提到他如何帮助无家可归者使用卖画所得重新站起来，可以推断彼得森是一个关怀他人的人。故选D。 27. 细节理解题。根据第四段““I’ve made so many mistakes thinking. I knew what people wanted，” Peterson says, “Then I realized: Why don’t we just ask them?” （“我犯了很多错误，以为我了解人们想要什么，”彼得森说，“然后我意识到：为什么我们不干脆问问他们？”）可知，彼得森曾经没有意识到人们具体的需求，这是他犯的错误。故选D。 28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He’s discovered that the  buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting,  finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have  otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would  cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now，’” Peterson  says，“I didn’t know that would happen.”（他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能忽视的人建立友谊。“人们经常告诉我，‘我是那个会过马路的人。但我现在对无家可归者的看法不同了，’”彼得森说，“我不知道会发生这种情况。”）”可推知，彼得森的行为对购买者产生了影响，让他们改变了看待无家可归者的态度。故选B。 主题04 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州高级中学·期中） In the early 1960s, Andy Warhol began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used to make artistic statements about mass production —including his famous works describing Coca-Cola bottles. “A Coke is a Coke,” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.” Now, more than 50 years later, Coca-Cola is capitalizing on the artist’s statements. A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included. The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl with A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment. The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts is on board with the new campaign. “These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales. In recent years, using famous artworks in advertising has become a popular strategy. But some artists have a different opinion on these campaigns. In November, the British street artist Banksy called out the clothing brand Guess for “helping themselves” to his artwork for a new collection without his permission. Meanwhile, American artist Keith Haring’s work has been popping up seemingly everywhere, from Adidas sneakers to a Pandora jewelry campaign. 29．What do the underlined words “capitalizing on” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Drawing on. B．Making up. C．Taking in. D．Paying off. 30．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．An introduction to Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola. B．Artworks that contribute to Coca-Cola’s ad. C．The influence of Coca-Cola on art creation. D．A detailed description of Coca-Cola’s ad. 31．What is Michael Dayton’s attitude to Coca-Cola’s ad? A．Doubtful B．Critical C．Favorable D．Disappointed. 32．What might Banksy agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Ads using famous artworks should be more creative. B．Artworks shouldn’t be exposed to the public via ads. C．A survey should be made before ads use artworks. D．Ads should not take advantage of artworks that freely. 【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了可口可乐公司利用艺术品进行广告活动的现象。 29. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“In the early 1960s, Andy Warhol began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used to make artistic statements about mass production — including his famous works describing Coca-Cola bottles. “A Coke is a Coke，” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.”（在20世纪60年代早期，安迪·沃霍尔开始试验他标志性的丝网印刷技术，他用这种技术对大规模生产进行艺术表达，包括他描绘可口可乐瓶的著名作品。“可乐就是可乐，”他曾经说过。“再多的钱也买不到比街角乞丐喝的可乐更好的可乐。”）”以及划线词后文“A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece，” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included.（一个名为“杰作”的新全球广告活动将沃霍尔1962年的《可口可乐》与其他大师的画作放在一起。像Stefania Tejada和WonderBuhle这样的当代艺术家也在其中）”可知，后文提到可口可乐利用其他艺术家进行广告活动，说明是利用上述言论。故划线词意思是“利用”。故选A。 30. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl with A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment.这部两分钟的电影在一个艺术博物馆里开始，一群学生在老师的注视下画画——除了一个年轻人，他快要睡着了，他的画册上一片空白。但接着这些画就活过来了。阿基的《神曲》（Divine田园诗，2022）中的一只手从画框里伸出来，从挂在旁边墙上的沃霍尔画作中拉出可乐瓶。就这样，瓶子的旅程开始了，穿过博物馆大厅的主要作品，新老画作中的人物把饮料扔在他们之间。我们看到的最后一幅杰作是约翰内斯·维米尔的《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》（1665），它最终将冰镇的可乐送到了学生手中。她打开瓶子递给她，就在这位艺术学生的教授走过来看他已经完成的作业之前)”可知，第三段的主要内容是可口可乐广告的详细描述。故选D。 31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales.（这些作品与来自世界各地的新兴艺术家的作品相结合，通过可口可乐的神奇镜头庆祝视觉艺术的鼓舞力量。该基金会的授权、营销和销售主管迈克尔·戴顿说）”可知，迈克尔·戴顿对可口可乐广告的态度是支持。故选C。 32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In November, the British street artist Banksy called out the clothing brand Guess for “helping themselves" to his artwork for a new collection without his permission.（去年11月，英国街头艺术家班克斯指责服装品牌Guess在未经他允许的情况下“擅自”使用他的新系列作品）”可知，班克斯认为广告不应该如此随意地利用艺术品。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏盐城·期中） For people who have become accustomed to digital communication, social media is a wonderful place, as it can act as the glue that links us to friends and family. It can also be a gentle reminder of life’s simple preciousness. That’s why it makes perfect sense that, according to some estimates, more than 50% of parents in Britain share their kids’ photos at least once a month. A 2023 report found that parents share about 71 photos and 29 videos of their child every year on social media. On average, by the time the child is 13, parents have posted 1,300 photos and videos of him or her on social media. I used to fall into that category. My son was born in 2015, and as a new mother, I was eager to keep updating my wonderful new life and kept posting photos of him online. But after a few years of regular sharing, I came across a campaign by the Child Rescue Coalition that pushed me to rethink seriously, and I started to question how much of my son’s life should be documented and available to all. It’s Kids for Privacy campaign was a reminder of the risks of exposing our children’s most private moments on social media. For the first time, I found myself asking: Who could they be reaching? Will my son be happy with me sharing photos of him as he grows up? Was it an offence （冒犯） to his privacy for me to do so, even if he didn’t have that realization then? By putting his photos online, I was automatically creating a chain of data attached to him. As technology develops, who knows how his personal data will be used? As a 90s kid whose parents used a point-and-shoot camera, my precious baby photos have been securely stored among a collection of physical photo albums somewhere in my parents’ home. Everything was more private back then, and I want it to be the same for my son. So I have removed all photos of my son from social media. Instead, I now share exciting moments with close friends and family directly via private message. It’s more personal this way. And it’s safer. Being a parent means being proud, but it also means protecting our children from unnecessary risks. Exposing them to unknown audiences isn’t worth the likes or the attention. 33．What phenomenon is stated with the data in paragraph 2? A．Children in Britain lead a colorful life. B．Parents have deep love for their children. C．People in Britain are used to digital communication. D．Parents enjoy updating their children’s photos online. 34．What was the author concerned about after reflecting on her photo sharing? A．Whether she was making her friends annoyed. B．Whether she was threatening her son’s privacy. C．Whether her son liked the photos posted online. D．Whether her son knew it was disturbing his privacy. 35．Which can best describe the author as a mother? A．Caring and humorous. B．Sensible and responsible. C．Flexible and adaptable. D．Optimistic and determined. 36．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Parental oversharing: the impact on child privacy B．Generation gap: different methods of storing photos C．Privacy crisis: dilemmas over personal information safety D．Parents’ dilemma: the pros and cons of sharing photos online 【答案】33．D 34．B 35．B 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了父母在社交媒体上过度分享孩子照片的现象，以及作者对此的担忧。 33. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“That’s why it makes perfect sense that, according to some estimates, more than 50% of parents in Britain share their kids’ photos at least once a month.（这就是为什么根据一些估计，超过50%的英国父母至少每月分享一次孩子的照片是完全有道理的。）”可知，第二段用数据陈述了父母喜欢更新他们孩子的照片，故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It’s Kids for Privacy campaign was a reminder of the risks of exposing our children’s most private moments on social media. （它的“孩子隐私”活动提醒我们，在社交媒体上曝光孩子最私人的时刻存在风险。）”可知，作者担心她是否威胁到了她儿子的隐私，故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“So I have removed all photos of my son from social media. （所以我删除了所有我儿子在社交媒体上的照片。）可知，作者是明智的，根据最后一段第二行“Being a parent means being proud, but it also means protecting our children from unnecessary risks. （为人父母意味着自豪，但也意味着保护我们的孩子免受不必要的风险。）”可知，作者是负责任的，故选B。 36. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“A 2023 report found that parents share about 71 photos and 29 videos of their child every year on social media. On average, by the time the child is 13, parents have posted 1,300 photos and videos of him or her on social media.( 2023年的一份报告发现，父母每年在社交媒体上分享孩子的71张照片和29个视频。平均而言，到孩子13岁时，父母已经在社交媒体上发布了1300张孩子的照片和视频。）”和第三段的“But after a few years of regular sharing, I came across a campaign by the Child Rescue Coalition that pushed me to rethink seriously, and I started to question how much of my son’s life should be documented and available to all.（但在几年的定期分享之后，我偶然发现了一个由儿童救援联盟发起的活动，这促使我认真地重新思考，我开始质疑我儿子的生活有多少应该被记录下来，让所有人都能看到。）”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了父母在社交媒体上过度分享孩子照片的现象，以及作者对此的担忧，因此推断A项“父母过度分享：对儿童隐私的影响”为最佳标题。故选A。 主题05 人与社会——外国文化与节日 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） Canada is a highly developed capitalist country. It is one of the major tourism players all over the world because of its unique glamour. Over the years, arts and culture has lived and breathed in every corner of Canada. You can have a really good experience when you go on a trip in Canada. Do you know why it is so obvious that Canada improves and develops in art, culture, sport and so on? Due to a racial and immigrant population, the variety and richness of art and sports is very evident. Since World War I, Canada has produced an impressive amount of writing. From novel to poetry, the selection is wide. Native writers are also becoming better known across Canada in recent years. Musicians are reaching a higher level of recognition in the world music scene. Everything from country to pop, classical to heavy rock can be found across Canada and across the globe performed by Canadian artists. Canadian photography as well as painting by Canadians is not well-known outside of Canada but recognition is increasing. The National Film Board, a film crew in Canada, is the primary producer of movies in Canada. However, many Hollywood studios are turning to Canada as a source for locations and as an alternative （选择） to the more expensive US. Many well-known actors, directors, screen writers and movies come from Canada and often scoop international awards for their work. French art was the first to appear in Canada along the St Lawrence in and around Quebec. Since then the amount of art and artists has increased. Sport is a major part of today’s society in Canada. Hockey is the most popular spectator sport with more participants taking part in curling. American style football and baseball are also very popular and all of these sports are played across Canada. 37．What gives Canada various forms of art and culture? A．The different immigrants. B．The large area. C．The long history. D．The large population. 38．Which group of Canadian artists is well-known all over the world today? A．Painters and writers. B．Photographers and actors. C．Musicians, actors and directors. D．Native writers and photographers. 39．What does the underlined word “scoop" mean in Paragraph 5? A．Fry. B．Limit. C．Win. D．Exist. 40．What can we know from the text? A．Canadian writers are only good at poetry. B．Canadian people love sports very much. C．There are many big film-making companies in Canada. D．Canadian arts have been much influenced by Americans. 【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大艺术和体育的多样性和丰富性非常明显，分析了这背后的原因，以及加拿大在艺术、文化和体育方面的发展情况。 37. 细节理解题。根据第一段中Due to a racial and immigrant population, the variety and richness of art and sports is very evident.（由于种族和移民人口，艺术和体育的多样性和丰富性非常明显）可知，是不同的移民赋予了加拿大不同形式的艺术和文化。故选A。 38. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Musicians are reaching a higher level of recognition in the world music scene.（音乐家们在世界音乐界正达到更高的认可度）以及第五段最后一句Many well-known actors, directors, screen writers and movies come from Canada and often win international awards for their work. （许多著名的演员、导演、编剧和电影都来自加拿大，他们的作品经常获得国际奖项）可知，加拿大的音乐家、演员和导演如今享誉世界。故选C。 39. 词义猜测题。第五段最后一句提到 international awards for their work.（因为其作品拿到国际奖项），由此判断许多著名的演员、导演、编剧和电影都来自加拿大，他们的作品经常获得国际奖项。故选C。 40. 推理判断题。根据最后一段Sport is a major part of today's society in Canada. Hockey is the most popular spectator sport with more participants taking part in curling. American style football and baseball are also very popular and all of these sports are played across Canada. （体育运动是当今加拿大社会的重要组成部分。冰球是最受欢迎的观赏性运动，冰壶比赛的参与者更多。美式足球和棒球也很受欢迎，所有这些运动都在加拿大各地进行）可知，加拿大人非常喜欢运动。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） A new study has found that experiencing nature, such as taking a walk in a park or even just viewing photos of a natural setting, encourages healthier food choices. “We found that exposure to nature increases the importance that people attach to health compared to taste or other properties when making food choices,” explained Maria Langlois, assistant professor at Southern Methodist University and first author of the study. Gathering evidence from hundreds of participants from five different studies across three countries over seven years, Langlois examined the food choices made after both real-world and virtual experiences of nature. In the first study conducted in France, participants took a twenty-minute long walk through either a large green park or the city, taking photos along the way. Afterwards, they could choose what they wanted to eat from a snack buffet. Those who walked in nature ate healthier snacks compared to the urban city walkers. But was it the nature or the photo that did the trick? The researchers moved online, and took on more participants. One group were shown a photo of a hotel room with a window view of a natural setting while the other group had a window view of an urban setting. A third control group had no window view — they had closed curtains. Those exposed to “nature" in this way were found to make healthier food choices compared to both the control and urban groups. “By including a control condition in our work, this research shows that it is not exposure to urban environments that is driving unhealthy food choices, but really exposure to natural environments that is driving healthier food choices,” said Langlois. With almost 70% of the world’s population expected to live in urbanized areas by 2050, this research could provide urban planners important insight into the health implications of their designs. It is also hoped that highlighting benefits of nature may promote environmental conservation efforts as people realize, we need nature. 41．What is Maria Langlois’s study mainly about? A．The impact of nature on physical exercise. B．The influence of nature on food choices. C．The effect of urban environments on health. D．The comparison of real and virtual experiences. 42．What can we know from the 7-year study? A．Participants used to take a walk after meals. B．Participants walked 20 minutes daily before meals. C．Participants chose healthy food after walking in nature. D．Participants had fewer food choices when walking in the city. 43．How did the researchers mainly conduct the further study in paragraph 4? A．By giving reasons. B．By doing interviews. C．By taking quotations. D．By making classifications. 44．What would urban planners do for future cities? A．To build more parks. B．To dig more tunnels. C．To widen the lanes. D．To construct high-rise buildings. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，体验自然会鼓励人们选择更健康的食物。 41. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We found that exposure to nature increases the importance that people attach to health compared to taste or other properties when making food choices，” explained Maria Langlois, （我们发现，在选择食物时，与味道或其他特性相比，接触大自然会增加人们对健康的重视，玛丽亚·朗格卢瓦解释说)”可知，Maria Langlois的研究主要是关于自然对食物选择的影响。故选B。 42. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Those who walked in nature ate healthier snacks compared to the urban city walkers.（那些在大自然中散步的人比在城市里散步的人吃的零食更健康。）”可知，从7年的研究中我们知道参与者在大自然中散步后选择了健康的食物。故选C。 43. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“One group were shown a photo of a hotel room with a window view of a natural setting while the other group had a window view of an urban setting. A third control group had no window view — they had closed curtains.（研究人员给一组人看的是一间酒店房间的照片，从窗户可以看到自然环境，而另一组人看的是城市环境。第三个控制组没有窗户，他们拉着窗帘）”可知，研究者主要通过分类来进行进一步的研究。故选D。 44. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“With almost 70% of the world’s population expected to live in urbanized areas by 2050, this research could provide urban planners important insight into the health implications of their designs. It is also hoped that highlighting benefits of nature may promote environmental conservation efforts as people realize, we need nature.（预计到2050年，世界上近70%的人口将生活在城市化地区，这项研究可以为城市规划者提供有关其设计对健康影响的重要见解。人们还希望通过强调自然的好处来促进环境保护工作，因为人们意识到，我们需要自然。）”可推知，城市规划者将为未来的城市建造更多的公园。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world. Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies. Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits. There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them. 45．What is sign language according to the author? A．It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B．It is a complete complex language system. C．It is a primary language of disabled people. D．It is a system of gestures representing words. 46．What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Experiment. B．Effort. C．Incident. D．Feedback. 47．What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire? A．Being competitive. B．Being courageous. C．Being responsible. D．Being positive. 48．What conclusion can we draw from the text? A．Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job. B．The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously. C．Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people . D．It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language. 【答案】45．B 46．B 7．C 48．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手语的优势众多且丰富。学习手语可以为人们带来学术优势，无论他们是否可以听到或耳聋，这种优势还会蔓延到社会和文化领域。 45. 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system.（然而，这也是因为手语并不像许多人错误地认为的那样，是一个代表文字的手势系统，而是一个完整而复杂的语言系统）”可知，作者认为手语是一个完整的复杂的语言系统。故选B。 46. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly.（无论他们自己是聋哑人，与其他聋哑人住在一起，还是他们不是聋哑人，或不认识聋哑人。学习这门复杂的语言在社会、文化和学术方面的优势是多样的，不应该被轻视）”可知，学习手语对任何人来说都是有好处的，因此是一项有益的努力。由此可知，划线词endeavour与effort“努力”意思一致。故选B。 47. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.（这意味着非聋哑儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感，并被教导去拥抱所有的人——不是无视他们的不同，而是因为他们的不同）”可推知，学习手语使得非聋儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感。故选C。 48. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.（大量的科学研究证明，学习手语的儿童，甚至成年人，不仅在与其他手语使用者交流的能力上受益，而且在更广泛的学术领域也受益）”以及下文内容可知，文章论述了学习手语的优势，从学术优势蔓延到社会和文化领域，对聋哑人和非聋哑人，孩子及成年人来说，学习手语都是有益的。由此推知，学习手语的许多好处应该被认真对待。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏盐城东台一中·期中） Excessive behavior （过激行为） by some parents at youth sports events, such as shouting at referees （裁判员）, is causing concern. Although such incidents are not frequent, they are severe enough to significantly impact staff in high schools. A new study by the National Federation of State High School Associations revealed that 75% of high school referees quit due to this type of behavior in the United States. “Sometimes parents are putting a lot of pressure on their child by shouting at referees. That can create a negative environment,” sports doctor Dr. Soma explains. “Sometimes parents even go so far as to sign their child up for a sport that they don’t want to join. Such behaviors erode children’s enjoyment of a sport, eventually causing them to leave the sport they once loved.” Sports doctor Dr. Soma says most parents want to guide their children to happiness and success. But sometimes, they lose sight of what is truly important. Instead of focusing on their child’s interest and pleasure, they pay too much attention to the outcome of competitions. As a result, a child simply walks away from all the fun and physical, social, and mental health benefits that they can get from playing a sport. “Parents want the best for their children,” says Dr. Soma, “but it is also not uncommon for parents to try to realize their dreams through their kids — not just in sports, but in many fields.” Dr. Max R. Trenerry from the Mayo Clinic suggests that parents should support their children in sports by being a safety net rather than pushing them too hard. This means helping kids build good sports habits, letting them talk about their games in their own way, and choose when and how they compete, and making sure they feel part of a team. Parents should teach their kids that sports are not just about winning but also about teamwork and growth. 49．What does the new study focus on? A．The effect of parents’ excessive behavior. B．Reasons for parents shouting at referees. C．The significance of youth sports events. D．The causes of high school teachers quitting. 50．What does the underlined word “erode" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Reflect. B．Reduce. C．Protect. D．Improve. 51．According to Dr. Soma, parents should pay attention to _______. A．the outcome of important competitions B．the ways of building children’s sports habits C．children’s passion for sports D．children’s physical health 52．What is Dr. Max R. Trenerry’s suggestion for parents? A．Encouraging kids to attempt multiple sports. B．Teaching kids practical skills in person. C．Accompanying kids to join the competitions. D．Providing supportive guidance for kids. 【答案】49．A 50．B 51．C 52．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一些家长在青少年体育赛事中的过激行为造成的影响，建议父母多关注孩子对运动的热情和兴趣，而不是比赛的结果。 49. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Excessive behavior （过激行为） by some parents at youth sports events, such as shouting at referees （裁判员）, is causing concern. Although such incidents are not frequent, they are severe enough to significantly impact staff in high schools. A new study by the National Federation of State High School Associations revealed that 75% of high school referees quit due to this type of behavior in the United States. （一些家长在青少年体育赛事中的过激行为，比如对裁判大喊大叫，引起了人们的关注。虽然这类事件并不经常发生，但其严重程度足以对高中教职员工产生重大影响。美国州立高中协会全国联合会的一项新研究显示，在美国，75%的高中裁判因为这种行为而辞职）”可知，研究显示75%的高中裁判因为一些家长在青少年体育赛事中的过激行为而辞职，所以本研究关注的是父母过度行为的影响。故选A。 50. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Sometimes parents even go so far as to sign their child up for a sport that they don’t want to join. （有时父母甚至会为孩子报名参加一项他们不想参加的运动）”可推知下文意思是“这种行为削弱了孩子们对运动的享受，最终导致他们离开他们曾经热爱的运动”所以划线词意思是“减少，削弱”，和Reduce同义，故选B。 51. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sports doctor Dr. Soma says most parents want to guide their children to happiness and success. But sometimes, they lose sight of what is truly important. Instead of focusing on their child’s interest and pleasure, they pay too much attention to the outcome of competitions. （运动医生Soma博士说，大多数父母都希望引导他们的孩子走向幸福和成功。但有时，他们忽视了真正重要的东西。他们没有关注孩子的兴趣和快乐，而是过于关注比赛的结果）”可推知Soma博士所说的意味着家长应该关注孩子对运动的热情，因为这关乎孩子是否真正享受运动、愿意参与运动。故选C。 52. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. Max R. Trenerry from the Mayo Clinic suggests that parents should support their children in sports by being a safety net rather than pushing them too hard. This means helping kids build good sports habits, letting them talk about their games in their own way, and choose when and how they compete, and making sure they feel part of a team. （梅奥诊所的Max R. Trenerry博士建议，父母应该作为一个安全网来支持孩子的体育运动，而不是把他们逼得太紧。这意味着帮助孩子们建立良好的运动习惯，让他们以自己的方式谈论他们的比赛，选择他们竞争的时间和方式，并确保他们感到自己是团队的一部分。）”可知Max R. Trenerry博士建议父母为孩子提供支持性指导。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡梅村高级中学·期中） The social media platform Instagram once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. But do these efforts resolve mental health issues, or are they simply applying a band-aid to a wound? It’s a small step in the right direction, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychologist who works with youth who experience anxiety disorders.“Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People still can compare themselves to others, and people can still post comments.” Social platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety, depression, and even physical ailments（小病）.This puts a large amount of the population at an increased risk of feeling anxious, depressed, or ill over their social media use. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick? “When the outcome is unpredictable , the behavior is more likely to repeat. Think of a slot machine（老虎机）: if game players knew they were never going to get money by playing the game, then they would never play，” says Sperling. “The idea of a potential future reward keeps the machines in use. The same goes for social media sites. One does not know how many likes a picture will get, who will like the picture, and when the picture will receive likes. The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites.” FOMO-fear of missing out - also impacts the youth greatly. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. If everyone else is using social media sites, and if you don’t join in, there’s concern that you’ll miss chats, jokes, connections, or invitations. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression. When people look online and see they’re excluded from an activity, it can affect thoughts and feelings, and can affect them physically. In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior. 53．What does Sperling think of Instagram’s measure? A．It’s strict. B．It’s limited. C．It’s objective. D．It’s conservative. 54．What is probably the major reason for social media addiction? A．Need for self-expression. B．Desire for constant recognition. C．Expectation of possible surprises. D．lack of interest in real-life activities. 55．What does Sperling advise social platforms to do in the last paragraph? A．Restrict their service scales. B．Decrease one-on-one interactions C．Limit the time users spend on them. D．Shift the focus from sharing to messaging. 56．What might the author continue talking about? A．Redesign of social media platforms. B．Changes made by social media giants. C．Strategies for individuals’ self-control. D．Impact of social media on mental health. 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．D 56．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社交媒体平台是如何造成用户焦虑和抑郁的，并给出了相应的社交媒体平台调整建议。 53. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s a small step in the right direction,（这是朝正确方向迈出的一小步)”以及“Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People can still compare themselves to others, and people can still post comments.( 即使你删除了点赞，仍然有比较和反馈的机会。人们仍然可以把自己和别人比较，人们仍然可以发表评论。）”可知，Sperling认为Instagram的举措只是朝着正确方向迈出的一小步，即使取消了点赞功能，人们仍然可以通过其他方式进行比较和反馈。由此推断，她认为该举措的作用有限。故选B。 54. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The idea of a potential future reward keeps the machines in use. The same goes for social media sites. （未来潜在奖励的想法让这些机器继续使用。社交媒体网站也是如此。）”以及最后一句“The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites.（未知的结果和预期结果的可能性可以保持用户对网站的黏性。）”可知，社交媒体和玩老虎机一样，存在未知的结果和获得期望结果的可能性，正是这样的预期驱使用户持续使用社交网站。故选C。 55. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句“In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications.( 除了像Instagram那样限制点赞之外，Sperling建议社交平台考虑减少大规模分享。通过强调一对一的交流，它们可能更像消息传递服务。）”可知，Sperling建议社交平台考虑减少大规模分享，强调一对一的交流，将其功能向信息传送服务靠拢。故选D。 56. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior.（不过，无论社交媒体巨头有多大可能改变他们的方式，个人都可以控制自己的行为。）”可知，尽管社交媒体平台可能会做出改变，但个人仍然可以掌控自己的行为。上文已提及对社交平台的建议，因此，接下来作者可能会讨论个人如何控制自己在社交媒体上的行为，也就是关于个人自我控制的策略。C选项“Strategies for individuals’ self-control.( 个体自我控制策略。）”符合题意。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州溧阳·期中） Given the ability of AI to imitate humans’ problem-solving ability, it’s not surprising that many people are turning to AI-powered wellness coaches to help them plan exercise routines, track their nutrition and set goals for losing weight. Sridhar Narayanan, a professor of marketing at Stanford Graduate School of Business, said, “I am interested in weight loss apps. They are less costly than hiring human coaches. By tapping into users’ private health data like goal setting and food intake logs, AI can give guidance to users However, I am not sure about their effects. Given that weight loss journeys may bring emotions like shame, anxiety and frustration, can technology be as effective as a live person in helping customers in this aspect?” To find out more, Narayanan compared data from customers who only used weight loss apps with those who used AI paired with human coaches. He found that on average, people using weight loss apps lost about 1.5% of their starting body weight, compared to 2.7% for those with AI-plus human plans. “To explain the result, I also looked into the users. Customers who picked human coaching tended to set higher weight loss goals and logged their weight and food intake more frequently. Customers may also feel more responsible for their actions when checking in with a live person. It takes more efforts and courage to cancel a training session than to ignore an AI-generated notification on your phone. Being firm and tough may be more effective than offering emotional comforts in terms of being a fitness coach,” Narayanan said. More research into human coaching versus AI is likely on the horizon. Next, Narayanan will focus on app users who are tracking and getting coaching for serious health issues like diabetes （糖尿病）. Finding a way to measure how effectively technology helps customers deal with their overall health could make AI-driven health monitoring more valuable for the tech industry. People are paying more attention to their health and experts in fitness training are rare and scarce. The demand for AI coaching is growing and every technology company is trying very hard to cut a slice of the cake. 57．What does Narayanan think of weight loss apps? A．They are more expensive. B．They may give wrong guidance. C．They lack emotions and human touch. D．They may give away private information 58．Why are AI-plus-human plans effective? A．Human coaches can provide strict guidance. B．Human coaches can provide emotional comfort. C．Human coaches can help users set achievable goals. D．Human coaches are more responsible for users’ plans. 59．Which word can best describe the market of AI coaching? A．Competitive. B．Uncertain. C．Profitable. D．Disappointing. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．How technology can monitor human health B．How AI-powered apps can help you lose weight C．Why AI-powered wellness coaches become popular D．Why people still need human coaches for fitness training 【答案】57．C 58．A 59．A 60．D 【知识点】体育健身 、说明文、人工智能 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍人工智能在健身教练领域的应用，探讨了AI与人类教练在帮助客户减肥方面的效果对比，并展望了未来可能的研究方向。 57. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段所说的Narayanan“Given that weight loss journeys may bring emotions like shame, anxiety and frustration, can technology be as effective as a live person in helping customers in this aspect?（考虑到减肥之旅可能会带来羞耻、焦虑和沮丧等情绪，技术能否像真人一样在这方面有效地帮助客户呢？）”以及第四段“Customers may also feel more responsible for their actions when checking in with a live person. It takes more efforts and courage to cancel a training session than to ignore an AI-generated notification on your phone. Being firm and tough may be more effective than offering emotional comforts in terms of being a fitness coach（当与真人交流时，客户可能会对自己的行为感到更有责任感。取消一次训练课程比忽略手机上的AI生成的通知需要更多的努力和勇气。在担任健身教练方面，坚定和严格可能比提供情感安慰更有效）”可知，他认为减肥过程中涉及的情感因素（如羞耻、焦虑和沮丧）是技术无法完全替代的，由此可知，他认为减肥应用缺乏情感和人的接触。故选C。 58. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段““To explain the result, I also looked into the users. Customers who picked human coaching tended to set higher weight loss goals and logged their weight and food intake more frequently. Customers may also feel more responsible for their actions when checking in with a live person. It takes more efforts and courage to cancel a training session than to ignore an AI-generated notification on your phone. Being firm and tough may be more effective than offering emotional comforts in terms of being a fitness coach，” Narayanan said.（“为了解释这一结果，我还研究了用户。选择人类教练的客户往往设定了更高的减肥目标，并且更频繁地记录体重和食物摄入。当与真人交流时，客户可能会对自己的行为感到更有责任感。取消一次训练课程比忽略手机上的AI生成的通知需要更多的努力和勇气。在担任健身教练方面，坚定和严格可能比提供情感安慰更有效，”Narayanan说。）”可知，Narayanan认为AI-plus-human计划之所以有效，是因为在担任健身教练方面，坚定和严格可能比提供情感安慰更有效，也就是说人类教练更为严格。故选A。 59. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People are paying more attention to their health and experts in fitness training are rare and scarce. The demand for AI coaching is growing and every technology company is trying very hard to cut a slice of the cake.（人们越来越关注自己的健康，而专业的健身培训专家却稀少且供不应求。对AI教练的需求正在增长，每一家科技公司都在努力争抢这块蛋糕的一席之地。）”可知，由于对AI教练的需求正在增长，每一家科技公司都在努力争抢这块蛋糕的一席之地。因此，AI健身教练的市场竞争非常激烈。故选A。 60. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要探讨了人工智能（AI）在健身和健康监测中的应用，并通过对比AI和人类教练在帮助客户减肥方面的效果，强调了人类教练的重要性。尽管AI驱动的健身应用在某些方面提供了便利，但文章指出，人类教练在设定更高目标、增强责任感以及提供情感支持等方面具有独特优势。选项D“Why people still need human coaches for fitness training（为什么人们仍然需要人类教练进行健身训练）”最准确地反映了文章的中心思想，即尽管有AI驱动的健身应用，但人们仍然需要人类教练来提供情感支持、增强责任感等方面的帮助。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. However, in data from different countries, patients seen by female doctors seem to do better than those seen by male ones. In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5 million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man. One disadvantage with the study is that it is retrospective, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments. This could cover any factors which might be really driving the effect, says Gavin Stewart, an expert at Newcastle University. It could be that female doctors tend to be responsible for healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly distributed among doctors, female doctors seem to do better. Researchers say the next step is to work out why. “I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome （染色体），” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender.” Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could reduce the risk of deaths. Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important. 61．In which way was the study in 2017 conducted? A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods. C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses. 62．What does the underlined word “retrospective" in paragraph 3 mean? A．Critical. B．Backtracked. C．Dated. D．Accurate. 63．Which statement would Wallis probably agree with? A．Y chromosome determines gender differences. B．Gender difference in care has different effects. C．Female doctors are always assigned with healthier patients. D．Male doctors could reduce the potential risk of deaths. 64．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．A doctor’s judgement is as important as other factors. B．Gender difference can’t help improve doctors’ treatment. C．We should notice gender difference in doctors’ treatment. D．We could use doctors’ judgement to improve his treatment. 【答案】61．B 62．B 63．B 64．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究发现，女医生看的病人似乎比男医生看的病人做得更好。解释了背后的原因。 61. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man.(2017年，哈佛医学院的津川佑介和他在波士顿的同事分析了2011年至2014年在美国住院的约150万老年人的医疗记录。他们发现，接受女医生治疗的患者的死亡率比接受男医生治疗的患者低4%左右）”可知，2017年的研究是通过统计方法进行的。故选B。 62. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments（回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机实验）”可知，这项实验回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机实验。故划线词意思是“回顾性的”。故选B。 63. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome （染色体），” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender. （克里斯托弗·沃利斯博士说：“我不认为这是Y染色体的存在与否，我认为这是与性别有关的一系列行为。”过去的研究发现，女医生往往花更多的时间与病人在一起，更有可能提供预防性护理，而且往往比男同事更严格地遵守指导方针。这可以降低死亡风险）”推知，沃利斯认为性别差异对护理有不同的影响。故选B。 64. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important.（了解这种护理差异的原因将有助于所有医生提高他们的实践水平。对于先进的医疗设备和新药所能做的所有事情，医生的判断似乎同样重要）”可知，医生的判断和其他因素一样重要。故选A。 主题04 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） Based on a study, dogs’ brains cannot distinguish words that differ by a single speech sound, such as “dig" versus “dog"， or “sit" versus “set". This makes dogs similar to human infants, who also can’t distinguish between words with similar sounds. But around age 14 to 20 months, babies typically start to learn that every sound in a word matters (i.e. that “dog" and “dig" are different words), and this allows them to proliferate their vocabulary, the authors said. It appears that dogs never grasp these distinctions. “Dogs might not attend to all details of speech sound when they listen to words,” study senior author Attila Andics, of the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary, said in a statement. “Further research could reveal whether this could be a reason that disables dogs from acquiring a numerous vocabulary”. For the study, published Tuesday (Dec. 8) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the researchers monitored the brain waves of 17 very good dogs using a technique called electroencephalography (EEG) （脑电图）. The study is one of the first to use EEG on awake dogs that didn’t have any specific training. The dogs visited the lab with their owners, and once the dogs got used to the new environment, they sat down on a carpet with their owners, and the researchers attached electrodes （电极） to the dogs’ heads with tape. The dogs’ brains could quickly discriminate the words that they knew from the words that sounded very different (“sit” vs. “bep”）. But their brains seemed to make no difference between the words they knew and the words that differed by only a single speech sound (“sit” vs. “sut”）. Researchers have seen a similar pattern in infants younger than 14 months. It’s not that the dogs can’t hear the different sounds — studies have found that dogs can distinguish individual speech sounds (such as “d，” “o” and “g"）. But they may have “attentional and processing biases （偏差）” that prevent them from attending to all the sounds in a word, they said. Future studies with a large number of subjects （实验对象） and more trials of words are needed to confirm the findings, they said. 65．The underlined word in Paragraph1 is closest in meaning to _______. A．change flexibly B．grasp easily C．increase greatly D．distinguish clearly 66．What does Paragraph 3 mainly intend to tell the readers? A．The principle applied in the experiment. B．The real background of the experiment. C．The whole procedure of the experiment. D．The method employed in the experiment. 67．According to the finding, if a dog knew the word “trip"， which of the following words would it misunderstand when hearing them? A．Tread. B．Trick. C．Shirt. D．Scrip. 68．What will the researchers do to draw a further conclusion? A．Rid dogs of the attentional and processing biases. B．Integrate means to make the result more scientific. C．Test different types of dogs to avoid one-sidedness. D．Observe more participants distinguishing more words. 【答案】65．C 66．D 67．B 68．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗为什么无法区分相似发音的词。 65. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词proliferate前文的内容“This makes dogs similar to human infants, who also can’t distinguish between words with similar sounds. But around age 14 to 20 months, babies typically start to learn that every sound in a word matters (i.e. that “dog" and “dig" are different words),这使得狗与人类婴儿相似，他们无法区分发音相似的单词。但婴儿大约在14到20个月大的时候，通常会开始学习，单词中每个发音都很重要（如：dog和dig是不同的单词）)”可知，前文提到婴儿在14到20个月大的时候，就会开始学习，每个单词的发音都很重要，因此这就使得他们的词汇量大大地提升，故此处划线词proliferate与C项“大大地增加”意思相近。故选C。 66. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段首句内容“For the study, published Tuesday (Dec. 8) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the researchers monitored the brain waves of 17 very good dogs using a technique called electroencephalography (EEG) （脑电图）.在周二（12月8日）发表在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上的这项研究中，研究人员使用一种名为脑电图的技术检测了17只非常好的狗的脑电波。)”可知，本段介绍了研究人员使用叫作脑电图的技术来检测狗的脑电波，从而进行研究，故本段主要告诉读者实验中所使用的方法，故选D。 67. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But their brains seemed to make no difference between the words they knew and the words that differed by only a single speech sound （“sit” vs. “sut”）.但是它们的大脑似乎无法区别他们知道的单词和只有一个发音不同的单词（如sit和sut）)”可知，狗无法区分只有一个发音不同的单词，故与trip只有1个发音不同的单词为trick，故选B。 68. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Future studies with a large number of subjects （实验对象） and more trials of words are needed to confirm the findings, they said.（他们说，需要大量的受试者的研究和更多的单词实验来证实这些发现。）”可知，文章末提到需要更多的受试者和更多的单词实验来证实这些发现，故为得出进一步研究的结论，需要观察更多的狗，区别更多的单词，故选D。 主题05 人与社会——人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） We’ve all been there: those times you need to argue your point of view to someone who you know disagrees with you. You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280-character tweet, the Facebook reply, or a paragraphs-long email. Surely the reason, logic, and strong power of your written words will convince whoever it is who disagrees with you to see your point of view. But new research suggests a different idea. That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder, assistant professor of University of California, Berkeley, and her colleagues. In Schroeder’s study of almost 300 people, participants were asked to watch, listen, and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with. They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument. Schroeder’s team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive （抵触的）of their claims than when they read that communicator’s same argument. The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician. One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed. The next week, he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station. He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it. When he read the statement, the politician seemed idiotic, but when he heard it spoken, the politician actually sounded reasonable. So in the workplace, speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office. And that’s exactly what you should do if you need to convince that boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one. Only as a last way should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media. Twitter’s limited text allowance and social media users’ short attention make arguing your point an uphill battle. 69．What’s the result of the research? A．Written words are more logical and reasonable. B．People prefer to communicate with key board. C．When reading an argument, the participants were less dismissive than hearing it. D．Oral, not written, communication works better. 70．Why is the politician mentioned in paragraph3? A．To introduce the topic for discussion. B．To summarize the previous paragraphs. C．To explain why Schroeder conducted the research. D．To introduce the politician’s speech. 71．What does the underlined word “idiotic’’in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wise. B．Practical. C．Silly. D．Special. 72．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．To persuade your boss, you need to walk to his office and leave a message. B．It’s difficult to fully explain your points due to social media’s limitations. C．Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person. D．Communicating with others over social media is encouraged. e. 【答案】69．D 70．C 71．C 72．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个研究发现：与意见不同的人交流的最好的方法并非是书面交流，而是当面交流。 69. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Schroeder’s team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive of their claims than when they read that communicator’s same argument.”可知，研究小组发现，相比观看或聆听交流者的参与者来说，阅读文字的参与者更容易有抵触情绪，也就是说口头沟通比书面沟通更好，故D项正确。 70. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician.”可知，Schroeder的研究灵感来自于一篇关于一位政治家的报纸文章，由此可知，第三段提到政治家就是为了解释为什么Schroeder开展这项研究，故C项正确。 71. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“but when he heard it spoken, the politician actually sounded reasonable”可知，这位政治家看起来好像很白痴，但当他听到这些句子时，政治家说得很有道理，由此可知画线词词义为“愚蠢的”，故C项正确。 72. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Twitter’s limited text allowance and social media users’ short attention make arguing your point an uphill battle.”可知，推特有限的文字限制和社交媒体注意力的短暂，使得争论你的观点成为一场艰苦的战斗，由此可知，社交媒体的局限性使你很难解释你的观点，故B项正确。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡一中·期中） Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive （蜂房） that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle （喷嘴）, and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones （无人机）: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle, while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process. The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting any errors. The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder （圆筒） made of foam and a small cylinder made of the cement mixture. The tasks were difficult because simply making circles on top of other circles would not achieve the perfect alignment （对齐） that is necessary to ensure maximum stability. Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colors-the cylinders were built to be within 5mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standards. While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. 1．What inspires the design of Dr Kovac’s team? A．Bees building larger hives than their size. B．Bees flying in a more flexible way. C．Bees growing bigger than the hive. D．Bees working together as a team. 2．What is the feature of typical 3D printers? A．They expand the range of printing. B．They make adjustment while printing. C．They are more flexible than traditional ones. D．They make objects smaller than themselves. 3．What is the function of the builders in the building process? A．Correcting any errors. B．Spraying construction material. C．Carrying the scanning camera. D．Monitoring the building process. 4．What might the flying robots first be used to do mainly according to Dr Kovac? A．Repair damage in risky places. B．Construct buildings. C．Manufacture products. D．Monitor air pollution in the sky. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港·期中） Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The WHO predicts that about half of the world’s population will have myopia, or nearsightedness, by 2050. It’s clear that our vision is becoming increasingly blurry. On seeing this, while our first reaction is to blame the increased use of screens, experts believe the real reason is not that, exactly, but it’s related: namely less time spent outdoors. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine （多巴胺）, helping regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Ideally, kids should get at least two hours of natural light a day. Still, our increased use of screens is a problem. Most screens are high contrast — like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background. It’s still a theory, but some scientists think that the contrast of reading a book or looking at a bright screen in a dark room might be overstimulating our retinas （视网膜）, causing more eye growth problems in children. A 2018 study in Scientific Records analyzed the retinal pathways when looking at black text on white backgrounds compared to natural environments, and concluded the contrast could stimulate myopia. Close work, like reading and looking closely at screens, has also been shown to cause myopia. Researchers are working on ways to slow down rising myopia rates. A recent clinical trial found eye-drops with a low dose of atropine can slow myopia in kids. There’s also some early evidence that peripheral defocus lenses （周边离焦透镜） might help stop nearsightedness from worsening. It’s strongly recommended that regular eye examinations should be a must, for people with myopia are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age, such as glaucoma, early cataracts and macular degeneration. You can also reduce eye pressure by making a few simple lifestyle changes, such as ensuring that you are reading or working in good light, and taking frequent breaks, etc. 5．What does the underlined word “blurry" in paragraph1 mean? A．Unclear B．Normal C．Bright D．Important 6．What’s the real reason why so many people are nearsighted? A．Dramatically increased use of screens. B．Looking at screens at a short distance. C．Not enough exposure to natural light. D．Not having enough breaks when working. 7．Why does the author mention the 2018 study in Scientific Records? A．To call on readers to remove their incorrect eye habits. B．To prove to readers the seriousness of nearsightedness. C．To support the link between high contrast and myopia. D．To show he is well-informed of the advances in this field. 8．What’s the main structure of this passage? A．Questions— answers. B．Problem— reasons— solutions. C．Problem— changes— effects. D．Viewpoint— arguments— conclusion. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·扬大附中·期中） Thanks to technology development, healthcare services are more accessible than ever. Hospitals have committed to digitally enabled care going mainstream and more health services have gone online than ever before. But are older people who don’t use the Internet being left behind? A study by Lancaster University found that lots of older people still avoid online life completely or use the Internet only on occasion. There are various reasons why older people don’t use the Internet. For many, a lack of confidence in their own ability to use technology raised fears about security, particularly with online banking. Whatever the reasons are, one of the biggest concerns about an off line older generation is the likelihood that they will miss out on big developments in health accessibility, especially as many useful health services move online. Madeleine Starr MBE, director of business development and innovation at Carers UK, said, “Though many of us use technology in our everyday lives, seven out of ten people don’t yet think of technology when it comes to caring. So, many are not yet realizing the benefits of this technology. Accessing appointments, ordering prescriptions （处方） or having consultations online can all help reduce visits to doctors and unplanned hospital visits.” In an aging society, the Internet can make a huge amount of difference to older people requiring a bit of extra support and those caring for them. “Advice from specialist websites or symptom checkers is great for those who are unsure if their symptoms are cause for concern or find it difficult to get to a doctor’s appointment. Technology is making it easier to offer remote care and support for older people, helping them remain independent. The information on the Internet can prevent older people from taking their health into their own hands,” adds Caroline Abrahams, charity director at Age UK. However, services need to remain accessible to those who aren’t online. While it’s fine to support older people getting online, those who choose not to or cannot do so, for whatever reason, should not be treated like second-class citizens. They must still be able to access services in other ways that suit them. 9．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A．To list some important facts. B．To raise a topic to be discussed. C．To express the main idea of the text. D．To introduce new advances in science. 10．What might be the big concern about off line older people? A．They will suffer from terrible loneliness. B．They will face risks from online banking. C．They will fail to benefit from advanced online healthcare. D．They will underestimate the role of modern technology in healthcare. 11．Why does the author mention Caroline Abrahams’ words in paragraph 4? A．To stress the popularity of the Internet. B．To reveal technology is developing very fast now. C．To indicate the big challenges an aging society faces. D．To show the Internet is of great importance to older people. 12．What is the message the author wants to convey in the last paragraph? A．Health services should get support from professionals. B．Older people should be encouraged to place their health first. C．Older people should receive some training in using the Internet. D．Health services should be offered in ways that suit different people. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） Traditional micro-robots often face limitations due to their power sources, but recently developed insect-sized robot powered by tiny explosions has demonstrated the ability to climb, jump, and carry loads many times its own weight. The robot, mainly developed by materials engineer Robert Shepherd at Cornell University in New York, along with his PhD student Cameron Aubin, is powered by tiny actuators （致动器）. “The actuator looks like a column. It’s an empty cylinder with a stretchy rubber on the top，” said Aubin. The researchers employed four actuators to drive the robot’s feet. To make the robot jump or climb, a stream of methane （甲烷） and oxygen was fed into each foot and sparked （触发） with electricity from a battery. The resulting reaction between the gases released energy as a small explosion, causing the rubber to change its form. Shepherd noted that the rapid explosions were so tiny that they didn’t damage the rubber. But they provided considerable propulsion: the robot could jump to a height of 56 centimeters and carry a load 22 times its own weight. “This team has brought chemically powered actuation to impressive ranges for robotics while also demonstrating impressive capabilities for insect-size machines,” said Ryan Truby, a materials scientist at Northwestern University in Illinois. Robots that are small and light but strong and able to cover large distances could one day be used in environmental monitoring or search-and-rescue applications. And the robot built by Aubin and Shepherd, described in a paper published in Science, would need further development for use in the field. “ At the moment, it needs to be connected to a panel that contains the gas supply and a battery, a limitation that presents a challenge. Coming up with ways to burn fuels on a wireless robot is not easy,” said Truby. “This is the next big challenge to address.” 13．Why does the recently developed insect-sized robot stand out? A．It is extremely tiny and light. B．It is equipped with a column. C．It is extremely swift and quick. D．It is driven by explosive force. 14．What happens when the methane and oxygen are sparked? A．The reaction creates a mixture of gas to drive the robot. B．The reaction generates heat that is changed into movement. C．The reaction transforms a stretchy rubber to drive the robot. D．The reaction provides electricity that is changed into movement. 15．What does “propulsion" in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Ability to move. B．Possibility to develop. C．Force to push things. D．Electricity to spark gases. 16．How can Aubin and Shepherd make advancement to the robot they built? A．They can use more actuators to provide larger power. B．They can design programs to control the robot efficiently. C．They can work on methods to enable energy production wirelessly. D．They can connect the robot to a panel containing gas supply and a battery. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled. On the one side, traditional print publishing comes with a high carbon footprint. According to 2023 data, 32 million trees are cut down each year to make paper for books. Then there’s the energy-intensive processes of printing and shipping—to say nothing of the many books that are destroyed because they remain unsold. Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts （字体） can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper. On the other hand, digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon offer recycling programs for old devices. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, especially at the manufacturing stage. Their cases are made with plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining. Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, a pretty sustainable activity——regardless of whether you read using an e-reader, phone or old-fashioned paperback. 17．Why is it hard to tell if print or digital books are more eco-friendly? A．The whole processes for both involve many resources. B．The option depends on the reader’s personal preferences. C．Recycling programs are not equally effective for both types. D．The environmental impact of reading habits is often overlooked. 18．What are book publishers doing to reduce the environmental impact? A．Cutting down fewer trees. B．Destroying the unsold books. C．Employing eco-friendly practices. D．Focusing on the sales of digital books. 19．According to Berners-Lee, an e-reader is more sustainable than paperbacks when . A．an e-reader is shared by many people B．you charge it using renewable energy C．an e-reader is recycled after being used D．you read a high volume of books digitally 20．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Print books vs. e-readers: which is your favorite? B．Paper books vs. e-readers: which is better for the climate? C．Choose digital reading, for it reduces more carbon footprint D．Keep the balance of convenience and sustainability in reading Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南通海安·期中） In a move aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to help fight the global climate crisis, the Dutch city of Haarlem is set to become the first in the world to ban advertisements for meat. Beginning in 2024, advertisements for meat will be forbidden on buses, shelters, or screens in Haarlem’s public spaces. According to The Guardian, a third of all emissions contributing to global heating come from food production, with meat producing double the pollution of plant-based foods. Forests are cleared to make way for animal pastures （牧草地）, and nitrogen-rich fertilizers that help grow plants to feed animals can damage the ozone layer （臭氧层）, as well as create water pollution. Animals also produce large quantities of greenhouse gases. “Meat is just as harmful to the environment as fossil fuels, and we can’t tell citizens there’s a climate crisis and at the same time encourage them to buy products that are part of the cause,” said Ziggy Klazes, a councillor for the GroenLinks party. “It is a signal, if the ban is picked up nationally, that would only be very nice,” she added. However, the meat sector and some organisations weren’t pleased with the ban. A spokesperson for the Central Organisation for the Meat Sector argued the ban was an issue of free speech. Despite the disagreements about the ban from critics, the move may do the trick. For example, taxes on sugary drinks to help control obesity rates in California cities, including Berkeley and San Francisco, also received pushback when they first launched. In practice, however, Berkeley reporteda 21% decrease in consumption just a year following the tax. After three years, the consumption of sugary drinks dropped to 50% and mineral water increased by 29%. A plant-based diet is probably the biggest way to reduce your impact on Earth, not just greenhouse gases, but global acidification, land use, water use, etc. 21．Why was the meat advertisement banned in Haarlem? A．To advocate a plant-based diet. B．To help deal with climate issues. C．To improve the quality of meat. D．To beautify the image of the city. 22．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The causes of water pollution. B．The process of meat production. C．The major reason for global heating. D．The negative impact of meat production. 23．What is Ziggy Klazes’ attitude towards the ban? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Hesitant. D．Favorable. 24．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To promote zero-sugar drinks. B．To prove the effectiveness of the ban. C．To confirm the impact of the human diet. D．To call for higher taxes on meat production. 主题03 人与自我——善行善举 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） In 2015, Brian Peterson had just moved to Santa Ana. Outside the couple’s fourth-floor apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to his job, but they never spoke. One day, Peterson was reading the book about the power of love. Inspired by the book’s compassionate message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He fell on hard times and ended up living on the street. “But his story inspired me.” Peterson recalled later. Peterson found himself asking if he could paint Faris’s portrait. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on painting portraits of the homeless. Working from a black-and-white photo, Peterson chooses colors inspired by life story, creating a portrait. He showed one man winning his battle with alcoholism, for example, by changing the colors from a sad blue to a brilliant red. Peterson sells the picture — signed by both subject and artist — for a few thousand dollars, putting half for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. “I’ve made so many mistakes thinking. I knew what people wanted,” Peterson says, “Then I realized: Why don’t we just ask them?” Another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, had never been able to financially support her daughter. She asked, “Can I use the money to pay my daughter’s rent?” When the check was delivered, “they both wept in my arms,” Peterson recalls. In the eight years since Faces of Santa Ana was established, Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. He’s discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’” Peterson says, “I didn’t know that would happen.” 25．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Nonprofit Organization. B．The Man Realizing His Art Dream. C．Kind Buyers Helping the Homeless. D．The Man Painting Portraits for the Homeless. 26．Which of the following best describes Peterson? A．Imaginative. B．Optimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Caring. 27．Why did Peterson think he had made so many mistakes? A．He sold the pictures for money. B．He helped the homeless back home. C．He helped Kimberly finance her daughter. D．He didn’t realize people’s specific needs. 28．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph with others? A．The buyers liked making friends with others. B．Peterson’s behavior made a difference to the buyers. C．The homeless would contact the buyers with similarities. D．Everyone would be grateful to Peterson for his great work. 主题04 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州高级中学·期中） In the early 1960s, Andy Warhol began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used to make artistic statements about mass production —including his famous works describing Coca-Cola bottles. “A Coke is a Coke,” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.” Now, more than 50 years later, Coca-Cola is capitalizing on the artist’s statements. A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included. The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl with A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment. The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts is on board with the new campaign. “These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales. In recent years, using famous artworks in advertising has become a popular strategy. But some artists have a different opinion on these campaigns. In November, the British street artist Banksy called out the clothing brand Guess for “helping themselves” to his artwork for a new collection without his permission. Meanwhile, American artist Keith Haring’s work has been popping up seemingly everywhere, from Adidas sneakers to a Pandora jewelry campaign. 29．What do the underlined words “capitalizing on” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Drawing on. B．Making up. C．Taking in. D．Paying off. 30．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．An introduction to Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola. B．Artworks that contribute to Coca-Cola’s ad. C．The influence of Coca-Cola on art creation. D．A detailed description of Coca-Cola’s ad. 31．What is Michael Dayton’s attitude to Coca-Cola’s ad? A．Doubtful B．Critical C．Favorable D．Disappointed. 32．What might Banksy agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Ads using famous artworks should be more creative. B．Artworks shouldn’t be exposed to the public via ads. C．A survey should be made before ads use artworks. D．Ads should not take advantage of artworks that freely. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏盐城·期中） For people who have become accustomed to digital communication, social media is a wonderful place, as it can act as the glue that links us to friends and family. It can also be a gentle reminder of life’s simple preciousness. That’s why it makes perfect sense that, according to some estimates, more than 50% of parents in Britain share their kids’ photos at least once a month. A 2023 report found that parents share about 71 photos and 29 videos of their child every year on social media. On average, by the time the child is 13, parents have posted 1,300 photos and videos of him or her on social media. I used to fall into that category. My son was born in 2015, and as a new mother, I was eager to keep updating my wonderful new life and kept posting photos of him online. But after a few years of regular sharing, I came across a campaign by the Child Rescue Coalition that pushed me to rethink seriously, and I started to question how much of my son’s life should be documented and available to all. It’s Kids for Privacy campaign was a reminder of the risks of exposing our children’s most private moments on social media. For the first time, I found myself asking: Who could they be reaching? Will my son be happy with me sharing photos of him as he grows up? Was it an offence （冒犯） to his privacy for me to do so, even if he didn’t have that realization then? By putting his photos online, I was automatically creating a chain of data attached to him. As technology develops, who knows how his personal data will be used? As a 90s kid whose parents used a point-and-shoot camera, my precious baby photos have been securely stored among a collection of physical photo albums somewhere in my parents’ home. Everything was more private back then, and I want it to be the same for my son. So I have removed all photos of my son from social media. Instead, I now share exciting moments with close friends and family directly via private message. It’s more personal this way. And it’s safer. Being a parent means being proud, but it also means protecting our children from unnecessary risks. Exposing them to unknown audiences isn’t worth the likes or the attention. 33．What phenomenon is stated with the data in paragraph 2? A．Children in Britain lead a colorful life. B．Parents have deep love for their children. C．People in Britain are used to digital communication. D．Parents enjoy updating their children’s photos online. 34．What was the author concerned about after reflecting on her photo sharing? A．Whether she was making her friends annoyed. B．Whether she was threatening her son’s privacy. C．Whether her son liked the photos posted online. D．Whether her son knew it was disturbing his privacy. 35．Which can best describe the author as a mother? A．Caring and humorous. B．Sensible and responsible. C．Flexible and adaptable. D．Optimistic and determined. 36．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Parental oversharing: the impact on child privacy B．Generation gap: different methods of storing photos C．Privacy crisis: dilemmas over personal information safety D．Parents’ dilemma: the pros and cons of sharing photos online 主题05 人与社会——外国文化与节日 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） Canada is a highly developed capitalist country. It is one of the major tourism players all over the world because of its unique glamour. Over the years, arts and culture has lived and breathed in every corner of Canada. You can have a really good experience when you go on a trip in Canada. Do you know why it is so obvious that Canada improves and develops in art, culture, sport and so on? Due to a racial and immigrant population, the variety and richness of art and sports is very evident. Since World War I, Canada has produced an impressive amount of writing. From novel to poetry, the selection is wide. Native writers are also becoming better known across Canada in recent years. Musicians are reaching a higher level of recognition in the world music scene. Everything from country to pop, classical to heavy rock can be found across Canada and across the globe performed by Canadian artists. Canadian photography as well as painting by Canadians is not well-known outside of Canada but recognition is increasing. The National Film Board, a film crew in Canada, is the primary producer of movies in Canada. However, many Hollywood studios are turning to Canada as a source for locations and as an alternative （选择） to the more expensive US. Many well-known actors, directors, screen writers and movies come from Canada and often scoop international awards for their work. French art was the first to appear in Canada along the St Lawrence in and around Quebec. Since then the amount of art and artists has increased. Sport is a major part of today’s society in Canada. Hockey is the most popular spectator sport with more participants taking part in curling. American style football and baseball are also very popular and all of these sports are played across Canada. 37．What gives Canada various forms of art and culture? A．The different immigrants. B．The large area. C．The long history. D．The large population. 38．Which group of Canadian artists is well-known all over the world today? A．Painters and writers. B．Photographers and actors. C．Musicians, actors and directors. D．Native writers and photographers. 39．What does the underlined word “scoop" mean in Paragraph 5? A．Fry. B．Limit. C．Win. D．Exist. 40．What can we know from the text? A．Canadian writers are only good at poetry. B．Canadian people love sports very much. C．There are many big film-making companies in Canada. D．Canadian arts have been much influenced by Americans. 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） A new study has found that experiencing nature, such as taking a walk in a park or even just viewing photos of a natural setting, encourages healthier food choices. “We found that exposure to nature increases the importance that people attach to health compared to taste or other properties when making food choices,” explained Maria Langlois, assistant professor at Southern Methodist University and first author of the study. Gathering evidence from hundreds of participants from five different studies across three countries over seven years, Langlois examined the food choices made after both real-world and virtual experiences of nature. In the first study conducted in France, participants took a twenty-minute long walk through either a large green park or the city, taking photos along the way. Afterwards, they could choose what they wanted to eat from a snack buffet. Those who walked in nature ate healthier snacks compared to the urban city walkers. But was it the nature or the photo that did the trick? The researchers moved online, and took on more participants. One group were shown a photo of a hotel room with a window view of a natural setting while the other group had a window view of an urban setting. A third control group had no window view — they had closed curtains. Those exposed to “nature" in this way were found to make healthier food choices compared to both the control and urban groups. “By including a control condition in our work, this research shows that it is not exposure to urban environments that is driving unhealthy food choices, but really exposure to natural environments that is driving healthier food choices,” said Langlois. With almost 70% of the world’s population expected to live in urbanized areas by 2050, this research could provide urban planners important insight into the health implications of their designs. It is also hoped that highlighting benefits of nature may promote environmental conservation efforts as people realize, we need nature. 41．What is Maria Langlois’s study mainly about? A．The impact of nature on physical exercise. B．The influence of nature on food choices. C．The effect of urban environments on health. D．The comparison of real and virtual experiences. 42．What can we know from the 7-year study? A．Participants used to take a walk after meals. B．Participants walked 20 minutes daily before meals. C．Participants chose healthy food after walking in nature. D．Participants had fewer food choices when walking in the city. 43．How did the researchers mainly conduct the further study in paragraph 4? A．By giving reasons. B．By doing interviews. C．By taking quotations. D．By making classifications. 44．What would urban planners do for future cities? A．To build more parks. B．To dig more tunnels. C．To widen the lanes. D．To construct high-rise buildings. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world. Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies. Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits. There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them. 45．What is sign language according to the author? A．It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B．It is a complete complex language system. C．It is a primary language of disabled people. D．It is a system of gestures representing words. 46．What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Experiment. B．Effort. C．Incident. D．Feedback. 47．What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire? A．Being competitive. B．Being courageous. C．Being responsible. D．Being positive. 48．What conclusion can we draw from the text? A．Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job. B．The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously. C．Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people . D．It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language. 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏盐城东台一中·期中） Excessive behavior （过激行为） by some parents at youth sports events, such as shouting at referees （裁判员）, is causing concern. Although such incidents are not frequent, they are severe enough to significantly impact staff in high schools. A new study by the National Federation of State High School Associations revealed that 75% of high school referees quit due to this type of behavior in the United States. “Sometimes parents are putting a lot of pressure on their child by shouting at referees. That can create a negative environment,” sports doctor Dr. Soma explains. “Sometimes parents even go so far as to sign their child up for a sport that they don’t want to join. Such behaviors erode children’s enjoyment of a sport, eventually causing them to leave the sport they once loved.” Sports doctor Dr. Soma says most parents want to guide their children to happiness and success. But sometimes, they lose sight of what is truly important. Instead of focusing on their child’s interest and pleasure, they pay too much attention to the outcome of competitions. As a result, a child simply walks away from all the fun and physical, social, and mental health benefits that they can get from playing a sport. “Parents want the best for their children,” says Dr. Soma, “but it is also not uncommon for parents to try to realize their dreams through their kids — not just in sports, but in many fields.” Dr. Max R. Trenerry from the Mayo Clinic suggests that parents should support their children in sports by being a safety net rather than pushing them too hard. This means helping kids build good sports habits, letting them talk about their games in their own way, and choose when and how they compete, and making sure they feel part of a team. Parents should teach their kids that sports are not just about winning but also about teamwork and growth. 49．What does the new study focus on? A．The effect of parents’ excessive behavior. B．Reasons for parents shouting at referees. C．The significance of youth sports events. D．The causes of high school teachers quitting. 50．What does the underlined word “erode" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Reflect. B．Reduce. C．Protect. D．Improve. 51．According to Dr. Soma, parents should pay attention to _______. A．the outcome of important competitions B．the ways of building children’s sports habits C．children’s passion for sports D．children’s physical health 52．What is Dr. Max R. Trenerry’s suggestion for parents? A．Encouraging kids to attempt multiple sports. B．Teaching kids practical skills in person. C．Accompanying kids to join the competitions. D．Providing supportive guidance for kids. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡梅村高级中学·期中） The social media platform Instagram once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. But do these efforts resolve mental health issues, or are they simply applying a band-aid to a wound? It’s a small step in the right direction, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychologist who works with youth who experience anxiety disorders.“Even if you remove the likes, there continue to be opportunities for comparisons and feedback. People still can compare themselves to others, and people can still post comments.” Social platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety, depression, and even physical ailments（小病）.This puts a large amount of the population at an increased risk of feeling anxious, depressed, or ill over their social media use. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick? “When the outcome is unpredictable , the behavior is more likely to repeat. Think of a slot machine（老虎机）: if game players knew they were never going to get money by playing the game, then they would never play，” says Sperling. “The idea of a potential future reward keeps the machines in use. The same goes for social media sites. One does not know how many likes a picture will get, who will like the picture, and when the picture will receive likes. The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites.” FOMO-fear of missing out - also impacts the youth greatly. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. If everyone else is using social media sites, and if you don’t join in, there’s concern that you’ll miss chats, jokes, connections, or invitations. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression. When people look online and see they’re excluded from an activity, it can affect thoughts and feelings, and can affect them physically. In addition to limiting likes, as Instagram has done, Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. They might function more as messaging services by highlighting one-on-one communications. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways, though, individuals can take control of their own behavior. 53．What does Sperling think of Instagram’s measure? A．It’s strict. B．It’s limited. C．It’s objective. D．It’s conservative. 54．What is probably the major reason for social media addiction? A．Need for self-expression. B．Desire for constant recognition. C．Expectation of possible surprises. D．lack of interest in real-life activities. 55．What does Sperling advise social platforms to do in the last paragraph? A．Restrict their service scales. B．Decrease one-on-one interactions C．Limit the time users spend on them. D．Shift the focus from sharing to messaging. 56．What might the author continue talking about? A．Redesign of social media platforms. B．Changes made by social media giants. C．Strategies for individuals’ self-control. D．Impact of social media on mental health. 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州溧阳·期中） Given the ability of AI to imitate humans’ problem-solving ability, it’s not surprising that many people are turning to AI-powered wellness coaches to help them plan exercise routines, track their nutrition and set goals for losing weight. Sridhar Narayanan, a professor of marketing at Stanford Graduate School of Business, said, “I am interested in weight loss apps. They are less costly than hiring human coaches. By tapping into users’ private health data like goal setting and food intake logs, AI can give guidance to users However, I am not sure about their effects. Given that weight loss journeys may bring emotions like shame, anxiety and frustration, can technology be as effective as a live person in helping customers in this aspect?” To find out more, Narayanan compared data from customers who only used weight loss apps with those who used AI paired with human coaches. He found that on average, people using weight loss apps lost about 1.5% of their starting body weight, compared to 2.7% for those with AI-plus human plans. “To explain the result, I also looked into the users. Customers who picked human coaching tended to set higher weight loss goals and logged their weight and food intake more frequently. Customers may also feel more responsible for their actions when checking in with a live person. It takes more efforts and courage to cancel a training session than to ignore an AI-generated notification on your phone. Being firm and tough may be more effective than offering emotional comforts in terms of being a fitness coach,” Narayanan said. More research into human coaching versus AI is likely on the horizon. Next, Narayanan will focus on app users who are tracking and getting coaching for serious health issues like diabetes （糖尿病）. Finding a way to measure how effectively technology helps customers deal with their overall health could make AI-driven health monitoring more valuable for the tech industry. People are paying more attention to their health and experts in fitness training are rare and scarce. The demand for AI coaching is growing and every technology company is trying very hard to cut a slice of the cake. 57．What does Narayanan think of weight loss apps? A．They are more expensive. B．They may give wrong guidance. C．They lack emotions and human touch. D．They may give away private information 58．Why are AI-plus-human plans effective? A．Human coaches can provide strict guidance. B．Human coaches can provide emotional comfort. C．Human coaches can help users set achievable goals. D．Human coaches are more responsible for users’ plans. 59．Which word can best describe the market of AI coaching? A．Competitive. B．Uncertain. C．Profitable. D．Disappointing. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．How technology can monitor human health B．How AI-powered apps can help you lose weight C．Why AI-powered wellness coaches become popular D．Why people still need human coaches for fitness training Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. However, in data from different countries, patients seen by female doctors seem to do better than those seen by male ones. In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5 million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man. One disadvantage with the study is that it is retrospective, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments. This could cover any factors which might be really driving the effect, says Gavin Stewart, an expert at Newcastle University. It could be that female doctors tend to be responsible for healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly distributed among doctors, female doctors seem to do better. Researchers say the next step is to work out why. “I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome （染色体），” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender.” Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could reduce the risk of deaths. Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important. 61．In which way was the study in 2017 conducted? A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods. C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses. 62．What does the underlined word “retrospective" in paragraph 3 mean? A．Critical. B．Backtracked. C．Dated. D．Accurate. 63．Which statement would Wallis probably agree with? A．Y chromosome determines gender differences. B．Gender difference in care has different effects. C．Female doctors are always assigned with healthier patients. D．Male doctors could reduce the potential risk of deaths. 64．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．A doctor’s judgement is as important as other factors. B．Gender difference can’t help improve doctors’ treatment. C．We should notice gender difference in doctors’ treatment. D．We could use doctors’ judgement to improve his treatment. 主题04 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） Based on a study, dogs’ brains cannot distinguish words that differ by a single speech sound, such as “dig" versus “dog"， or “sit" versus “set". This makes dogs similar to human infants, who also can’t distinguish between words with similar sounds. But around age 14 to 20 months, babies typically start to learn that every sound in a word matters (i.e. that “dog" and “dig" are different words), and this allows them to proliferate their vocabulary, the authors said. It appears that dogs never grasp these distinctions. “Dogs might not attend to all details of speech sound when they listen to words,” study senior author Attila Andics, of the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary, said in a statement. “Further research could reveal whether this could be a reason that disables dogs from acquiring a numerous vocabulary”. For the study, published Tuesday (Dec. 8) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the researchers monitored the brain waves of 17 very good dogs using a technique called electroencephalography (EEG) （脑电图）. The study is one of the first to use EEG on awake dogs that didn’t have any specific training. The dogs visited the lab with their owners, and once the dogs got used to the new environment, they sat down on a carpet with their owners, and the researchers attached electrodes （电极） to the dogs’ heads with tape. The dogs’ brains could quickly discriminate the words that they knew from the words that sounded very different (“sit” vs. “bep”）. But their brains seemed to make no difference between the words they knew and the words that differed by only a single speech sound (“sit” vs. “sut”）. Researchers have seen a similar pattern in infants younger than 14 months. It’s not that the dogs can’t hear the different sounds — studies have found that dogs can distinguish individual speech sounds (such as “d，” “o” and “g"）. But they may have “attentional and processing biases （偏差）” that prevent them from attending to all the sounds in a word, they said. Future studies with a large number of subjects （实验对象） and more trials of words are needed to confirm the findings, they said. 65．The underlined word in Paragraph1 is closest in meaning to _______. A．change flexibly B．grasp easily C．increase greatly D．distinguish clearly 66．What does Paragraph 3 mainly intend to tell the readers? A．The principle applied in the experiment. B．The real background of the experiment. C．The whole procedure of the experiment. D．The method employed in the experiment. 67．According to the finding, if a dog knew the word “trip"， which of the following words would it misunderstand when hearing them? A．Tread. B．Trick. C．Shirt. D．Scrip. 68．What will the researchers do to draw a further conclusion? A．Rid dogs of the attentional and processing biases. B．Integrate means to make the result more scientific. C．Test different types of dogs to avoid one-sidedness. D．Observe more participants distinguishing more words. 主题05 人与社会——人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南京·期中） We’ve all been there: those times you need to argue your point of view to someone who you know disagrees with you. You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280-character tweet, the Facebook reply, or a paragraphs-long email. Surely the reason, logic, and strong power of your written words will convince whoever it is who disagrees with you to see your point of view. But new research suggests a different idea. That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder, assistant professor of University of California, Berkeley, and her colleagues. In Schroeder’s study of almost 300 people, participants were asked to watch, listen, and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with. They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument. Schroeder’s team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive （抵触的）of their claims than when they read that communicator’s same argument. The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician. One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed. The next week, he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station. He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it. When he read the statement, the politician seemed idiotic, but when he heard it spoken, the politician actually sounded reasonable. So in the workplace, speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office. And that’s exactly what you should do if you need to convince that boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one. Only as a last way should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media. Twitter’s limited text allowance and social media users’ short attention make arguing your point an uphill battle. 69．What’s the result of the research? A．Written words are more logical and reasonable. B．People prefer to communicate with key board. C．When reading an argument, the participants were less dismissive than hearing it. D．Oral, not written, communication works better. 70．Why is the politician mentioned in paragraph3? A．To introduce the topic for discussion. B．To summarize the previous paragraphs. C．To explain why Schroeder conducted the research. D．To introduce the politician’s speech. 71．What does the underlined word “idiotic’’in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wise. B．Practical. C．Silly. D．Special. 72．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．To persuade your boss, you need to walk to his office and leave a message. B．It’s difficult to fully explain your points due to social media’s limitations. C．Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person. D．Communicating with others over social media is encouraged. e. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$