Unit 5 Into the unknown 高考真题练（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高考真题练 阅读理解 (2023浙江1月,C) A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel􀆳s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There􀆳s never a stage at which the system knows what it􀆳s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that􀆳s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 高考词汇 派生/合成词汇1.perform v.表现→　　　　v.超过,胜过　2.build v.建造→　　　　v.预建 3.relevant adj.紧密相关的;有意义的→　　　　adj.无关紧要的;不相关的  答案与分层梯度式解析 高考真题练 ◎语篇解读　　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Project Debater”以及它明显的缺陷——无法理解意义,说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel􀆳s former national debating champion.”可知,Project Debater可以打败人类对手,甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia,此处显示出它的聪明程度。 2.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.”可知,作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误,而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds of errors”。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,该程序永远都不知道它自己在说什么。根据第三段中的“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知,计算机程序并没有具体说明那些符号的意思,事实上对计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。由此可知,Project Debater不能理解意义。 4.A　推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知,意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的,而不是计算过程,这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容,这也是人类与计算机的不同之处。故A项(社会互动是理解符号的关键)符合文意。 【高考词汇站】　1.outperform　2.prebuild　3.irrelevant 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $