Unit 4 Honesty 词汇 知识点 2024-2025学年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)七年级英语下册

2025-08-29
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摘要:

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过结构化清单系统梳理了Unit 4 Honesty的46个核心词汇,涵盖音标、词性、短语、例句等基础要素,结合“巧记”“辨析”“拓展”模块构建知识网络,如对比“mistake”与“error”的用法差异,关联“lend”与“borrow”的对应关系,突出主题下的词汇应用逻辑。 讲义的亮点在于“情境化例句”与“对比辨析”的结合设计,如通过“He praised his team for their performance”强化“praise...for...”结构,对比“advice”与“suggestion”的可数性及语体差异,培养精准运用语言的思维品质。“巧记”模块(如“winner=win双写n+er”)提升学习能力,基础例句巩固知识,拓展用法满足进阶需求,助力学生自主复习,也为教师分层教学提供依据。

内容正文:

2024-2025学年沪教版五四制英语七年级下册 Unit 4 Honesty 【词汇】知识点清单 1. spell /spel/ v. 拼写;用字母拼写 过去式:spelled/spelt 过去分词:spelled/spelt 短语: spell out 详细解释;逐个字母拼写 例句: Can you spell it? 你能拼写它吗? Could you please spell out the new word for us? 你能为我们详细拼写出这个新单词吗? Spell out exactly how you feel. 把你的真实感受详细说出来。 2. champion /'tʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军;第一名 短语: a world-champion 世界冠军 a champion swimmer 获得冠军的游泳运动员 拓展:捍卫者;拥护者 例句: She became a world-champion in swimming. 她成为了游泳项目的世界冠军。 She was a champion of the poor all her life. 她终身都是穷苦人的卫士。 3. winner /ˈwɪnə(r)/ n. 获胜的人;优胜者 巧记:win (v. 获胜 双写 n)+ er (名词后缀) 反义词:loser 失败者 例句: Let’s cheer for the winner. 让我们为获胜者而欢呼。 I am the winner! 我是获胜者! 4. praise /preɪz/ v. 表扬;赞扬;称赞 短语: praise… for… 因…… 而称赞…… praise… as… 称赞…… 为…… praise… a lot 高度赞扬 例句: He praised his team for their performance. 他称赞了各队员的表现。 People praise him as a hero. 人们称赞他为英雄。 They praised the movie a lot. 他们高度赞扬了这部电影。 5. mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ n. (言语或行为上的) 错误,失误 短语: by mistake 错误地 make a mistake 犯错误 learn from mistakes 从所犯错误中吸取教训 例句: I took your book by mistake. 我错拿了你的书。 Don’t worry, we all make mistakes. 没关系,我们都会犯错。 You must try to learn from your mistakes. 你得从所犯错误中吸取教训。 辨析: error 更偏向于因违反标准、规则而产生的错误; mistake 常指由于疏忽、缺乏正确判断造成的错误。 例句: There’s an error in the grammar of this sentence. 这个句子的语法有错误。 He made a mistake in spelling the word. 他拼写这个单词时出错。 I made the mistake of giving him my address. 我真不该把我的地址给他。 6. truth /truːθ/ n. 真相;实情;事实;真实情况 同根词:true adj. 真实的 短语: in truth 事实上;实际上 tell the truth 讲实话 例句: In truth, he is a very kind-hearted person. 事实上,他是个非常善良的人。 Do you think she’s telling the truth? 你认为她在讲实话吗? 7. lie /laɪ/ n. 谎言;谎话 拓展:v. 撒谎,编造谎言 (lying, lied, lied) 短语: white lie 善意的谎言 a pack of lies 一派谎言 tell a lie 说谎 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 例句: Sometimes we tell white lies to avoid hurting others. 有时候我们会说善意的谎言以免伤害他人。 You told me a pack of lies. 你跟我说的是一派胡言。 8. decision /dɪ'sɪʒn/ n. 决定;抉择 同根词:decide v. 决定 短语: make/take a decision 作出决定 come to a decision 作出决定 reach a decision 作出决定 例句: We need a decision on this by next week. 我们得在下周前就这一问题作出决定。 He is really bad at making decisions. 他的确不善于决策。 We must come to a decision about what to do next by tomorrow. 我们必须最晚明天就下一步做什么作出决定。 After a long discussion, they reached a decision. 经过长时间讨论,他们做出了决定。 9. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议;提议 短语: make a suggestion 提出建议 suggestion for/about/on sth. 对…... 的建议 例句: I made a suggestion that we should go on a picnic this weekend. 我提议我们这周末去野餐。 Do you have any suggestions for organizing the event? 对于组织这次活动你有什么建议吗? 辨析: advice 是不可数名词,是基于专业知识或经验的,语气正式严肃,侧重正确合理的解决 问题方法; suggestion 是可数名词,是个人想法,语气温和随意,重在提供可参考的想法或可能性。 例句: He offered some useful advice. 他提出了一些有益的建议。 Can you give me a suggestion on how to solve this problem? 你能给我一个关于如何解决这个问题的建议吗? 10. trouble /'trʌbl/ n. 问题;困难 短语: get into trouble 陷入困境 in trouble 处于困难中 have trouble (in) doing sth. 做…… 有困难 have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难;和…… 闹纠纷 例句: He always gets into trouble because of his carelessness. 他总是因为粗心大意而陷入困境。 They helped him when he was in trouble. 当他有困难时,他们帮助了他。 I have trouble doing my homework. 我做作业的时候遇到了麻烦。 He has trouble with his math homework. 他做数学作业有困难。 They had trouble with their neighbors over the noise. 他们因为噪音问题和邻居闹了纠纷。 11. advice /əd'vaɪs/ n. 建议;意见 短语: take one’s advice 接受某人的建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 ask for/give advice 寻求 / 给予建议 例句: Take my advice. Don’t do it. 听我的劝告,别干这事。 Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一条建议。 12. column /'kɒləm/ n. 专栏;栏目 短语:a sports column 体育专栏 例句: I like reading the sports column in this newspaper. 我喜欢读这份报纸上的体育专栏。 I always read her column in the local paper. 我一直读她在当地报纸上的专栏文章。 13. unluckily /ʌn'lʌkɪli/ adv. 不幸地;遗憾地;倒霉地 巧记:un (否定前缀)+ luckily (adv. 幸运地) 例句: Unluckily, he missed the plane. 不幸的是,他错过了飞机。 Unluckily, the old man was not there. 不幸的是,老人不在那里。 14. copy /'kɒpi/ v. 抄袭;复制 n. (书、报纸等的) 一本,一册,一份 短语: copy from/off sb. 从某人处抄袭;模仿某人 copy down/out 抄下;记下 (抄写;誊写) a copy of… 一份…… make a copy 复制一份 例句: Don’t copy from your classmate during the exam. 考试时别从同学那里抄袭。 Please copy down the important points. 请把要点抄下来。 He made a copy of the CD for his friend. 15. explain /ɪk'spleɪn/ v. 解释;说明 名词:explanation 解释;说明 短语: explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 explain away 为…… 辩解;通过解释消除 (误会等) 例句: It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. 对初学者解释这个问题很难。 He tried to explain away his mistake. 他试图为自己的错误辩解。 16. lend /lend/ v. 借给;借出 对应词:borrow 借入 短语: lend sth. to sb. 把某物借出给某人 =lend sb. sth. lend a hand 乐意帮忙 例句: Can you lend me your car this evening? 你今晚能把汽车借给我用一下吗? Will you lend your jacket to me for a little while? 能把你的夹克借给我一会儿吗? I’d be glad to lend a hand. 我乐意帮忙。 辨析: lend 强调主语把东西借给别人; borrow 借入,借用,强调从他人处借入东西,短语为: borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借某物。 例句: He borrowed a book from the library. 他从图书馆借了一本书。 May I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗? Could you please lend me some money? 你能借我点钱吗? 17. accidentally /ˌæksɪ'dentəli/ adv. 意外地;偶然地 巧记:accidental (adj. 偶然的)+ ly (副词后缀) 拓展:accident n. 意外 (by accident = accidentally) 例句: I met an old classmate accidentally in the street. 我在街上偶然遇到了一位老同学。 We met by accident at the airport. 我们在机场不期而遇。 18. spill /spɪl/ v. (使) 洒出,溢出,泼出 过去式:spilt/spilled 过去分词:spilt/spilled 短语:spill the beans 泄露秘密 例句: He always spilled the drinks. 他总是不小心把饮料给洒了。 Don’t spill the beans about our plan. 别把我们的计划泄露出去。 Don’t cry over spilt milk. 不要为打翻的牛奶哭泣。 19. careless /'keələs/ adj. 不小心的;不仔细的;粗心的 巧记:care (n. 小心)+ less (否定后缀) 反义词:careful 小心的;仔细的 名词:carelessness 粗心大意 比较 / 最高级:more/most careless 短语:be careless about/with 对…… 粗心大意 例句: He is always careless with his schoolwork. 他做作业总是粗心大意。 20. accident /'æksɪdənt/ n. 意外;偶然的事 短语: a car/road/traffic accident 车祸;公路 / 交通事故 in an accident 在事故中 have an accident 出事故 by accident 意外地 例句: She broke a leg in an accident. 她在一次事故中摔断了腿。 She’ll have an accident one day. 她总有一天会出事的。 21. another /ə'nʌðə(r)/ det. 又一;再一 短语: one after another 一个接一个地 one another 彼此,互相 例句: They came into the room one after another. 他们一个接一个地走进房间。 We all try and help one another. 我们都尽力互相帮助。 辨析: another 既可作形容词,也可作代词,用于三者或三者以上的不确定数目中的 “另一个”, 强调 “再一个,又一个”。 the other 常用来指两者中的 “另一个”,是特指,常构成 “one...the other...” 结构。 例句: Could you please give me another cup of coffee? 你能再给我一杯咖啡吗? I have two pens. One is red and the other is blue. 我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。 22. lifetime /'laɪftaɪm/ n. 一生;终身;有生之年 巧记:life (n. 一生)+ time (n. 时间) 短语: once in a lifetime (可能) 一生只有一次 a lifetime of experience 毕生的经验 of a lifetime 一生难得的;一生中最…… 的 例句: An opportunity like this comes once in a lifetime. 像这样的机会一生也许只会遇到一次。 This is an opportunity of a lifetime. 这是一个千载难逢的机会。 23. bass /bæs/ n. 鲈 用法:指鱼类时,单数和复数形式相同。 例句: The angler caught a big bass. 钓鱼者钓到了一条大鲈鱼。 We saw several bass swimming near the shore. 我们看到几条鲈鱼在岸边游泳。 24. fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n. 渔民;钓鱼的人 巧记:fisher (n. 渔夫)+ man 复数:fishermen 例句: The fishermen went out to sea early in the morning. 渔民们一大早就出海了。 25. island /ˈaɪlənd/ n. 岛 短语:on the island 在岛上 例句: They live on a small island. 他们住在一个小岛上。 All is silent on the island now. 现在这个岛上一片寂静。 26. tie /taɪ/ v. 系;拴 短语: tie up 系好;绑好;使…… 受限制 tie to 把…… 绑到…… 上 例句: Please tie up the package. 请把包裹系好。 They tied him to a chair with cable. 他们用电缆把他绑在一把椅子上。 She tied a label on to the suitcase. 她把签条系在衣箱上。 27. bait /beɪt/ n. 鱼饵;诱饵 拓展:v. 装饵;用诱饵引诱 短语: take the bait 咬了钓饵 rise to the bait 入圈套;上当受骗 例句: He put some bait on the hook. 他在鱼钩上放了些鱼饵。 The fish took the bait. 鱼咬了钓饵。 He knew it might be a trick, but he still rose to the bait. 他知道这可能是个诡计,但还是上了当。 28. practise (AmE practice) /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习;训练 短语: practice sth. on sb./sth. 跟…… 练习…… practise doing sth. 练习做某事 例句: He usually wants to practise his English on me. 他通常想跟我练习英语。 She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴。 29. cast /kɑːst/ v. 投 (钓线);抛 (钓钩等) 过去式 / 过去分词:cast 拓展:投射 (光、影等) 例句: The fisherman cast his line into the water. 渔夫把钓线抛进水里。 The sun cast long shadows on the ground. 太阳在地上投下长长的影子。 30. pole /pəʊl/ n. 杆子;棍;杖 短语: telephone pole 电线杆 flag-pole 旗杆 拓展:地极;极点,South Pole 南极 例句: There is a flag-pole in the schoolyard. 校园里有一根旗杆。 Penguins live near the South Pole. 企鹅生活在南极附近。 31. double /ˈdʌbl/ v. 把…… 对折;折叠 短语:double up 弯腰;折叠 例句: She doubled the blanket and put it under his head. 她把毯子折叠起来给他做枕头。 Double the paper and then cut it. 把纸对折然后裁剪。 He doubled up with laughter. 他笑得直不起腰来。 32. end /end/ n. 尽头;末梢 短语:at the end of 在…… 尽头 拓展:(时间、事件、活动或故事等的) 终止,终结,结尾 例句: There is a small shop at the end of the street. 在街道的尽头有一家小商店。 We faced problems, but in the end, we succeeded. 我们遇到困难,但最终成功了。 The test is at the end of May. 考试在五月底。 33. lift /lɪft/ v. 举起;抬起 例句: He stood there with his arms lifted above his head. 他站在那里,胳臂举过了头顶。 John lifted his eyes from his book. 约翰从书本上抬起眼睛。 34. handsome /ˈhænsəm/ adj. 美观的;悦目的 例句: The new library building looks handsome with its modern design. 新图书馆建筑因其现代的设计看起来美观大方。 The actor is quite handsome and very popular. 这位演员相当英俊,非常受欢迎。 35. as...as... 像…… 一样的 用法:中间接形容词、副词原级 否定形式:not as…as…/not so…as… 不如……;不像…… 那样…… 例句: He is as tall as his father. 他和他父亲一样高。 Tom speaks English as fluently as Jack. 汤姆说英语和杰克一样流利。 He doesn’t study as/so hard as his sister. 他学习不如他姐姐努力。 36. anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/ adv. 在任何地方 巧记:any (det. 任何)+ where 用法:用于否定句和疑问句中 拓展:somewhere 在某处 (用于肯定句中) 例句: Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去过任何有趣的地方吗? You can go anywhere you like. 你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。 37. though /ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然;尽管;即使 用法:even though 尽管;虽然 例句: Though it was raining, he still went out. 尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。 Even though he was tired, he still helped me with my homework. 即使他很累,他还是帮我做了家庭作业。 38. hook /hʊk/ n. 钩;钓钩;鱼钩 短语: a picture/curtain/coat hook 挂图 / 窗帘 / 挂衣钩 a fish hook 鱼钩 on the hook 在挂钩上 例句: Hang your towel on the hook. 把你的毛巾挂在钩上。 The fish got away from the hook. 鱼脱钩了。 39. lip /lɪp/ n. 嘴唇 短语:upper/top/lower/bottom lip 上 / 下嘴唇 例句: Her lips were red. 她的嘴唇红红的。 She bit her lower lip. 她咬着下唇。 I must learn to bite my lip. 我必须学会不随便说话。 40. lower /ˈlaʊə(r)/ v. 把…… 放低;使…… 降下 拓展:lower (low 的比较级) 短语: lower down 降低;放低 lower oneself 降低自己的身份;自贬 例句: Lower your voice. 降低你的声音。 Lower down the box carefully. 小心地把箱子放低。 He refused to lower himself by begging. 他拒绝以乞讨的方式自贬身份。 41. disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失;不见 巧记:dis (否定前缀)+ appear (v. 出现) 短语:disappear from… 从…… 消失 例句: The plane disappeared in the clouds. 飞机消失在云层中。 Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view. 莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。 42. village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ n. 村庄;村镇 短语: in the village 在村里 Olympic village 奥运村;奥林匹克村 例句: We ran across some old friends in the village. 我们在村子里撞见了一些老朋友。 There is a small river near the village. 村庄附近有一条小河。 43. according to 依照;根据 例句: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报,明天会下雨。 Everything went sweetly and according to plan. 一切按计划顺利进行。 44. perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 可能;大概;也许 同义词:maybe 例句: Perhaps he is at home. 也许他在家。 You are, perhaps, right. 也许你是对的。 It’s getting late, perhaps we should go home now. 时间不早了,也许我们现在该回家了。 45. cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗;蒙骗 短语: cheat into 骗某人做某事 cheat out of 骗取某人的 (钱财等) 例句: Don’t cheat in the exam. 考试不要作弊。 They cheated him into signing the contract. 他们骗他签了合同。 He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了那位老妇人的钱。 46. tear /tɪə(r)/ n. 眼泪;泪珠;泪水 短语: in tears 流着泪 burst into tears 放声大哭 例句: She left the room in tears. 她哭着离开了房间。 He suddenly burst into tears. 他突然放声大哭起来。 A tear rolled down his face. 一滴眼泪沿他的面颊流下来。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 4 Honesty  词汇 知识点 2024-2025学年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)七年级英语下册
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Unit 4 Honesty  词汇 知识点 2024-2025学年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)七年级英语下册
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Unit 4 Honesty  词汇 知识点 2024-2025学年沪教版(五四学制)(2024)七年级英语下册
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