摘要:
该初中英语单元复习讲义通过结构化清单系统梳理了Unit 4 Honesty的46个核心词汇,涵盖音标、词性、短语、例句等基础要素,结合“巧记”“辨析”“拓展”模块构建知识网络,如对比“mistake”与“error”的用法差异,关联“lend”与“borrow”的对应关系,突出主题下的词汇应用逻辑。
讲义的亮点在于“情境化例句”与“对比辨析”的结合设计,如通过“He praised his team for their performance”强化“praise...for...”结构,对比“advice”与“suggestion”的可数性及语体差异,培养精准运用语言的思维品质。“巧记”模块(如“winner=win双写n+er”)提升学习能力,基础例句巩固知识,拓展用法满足进阶需求,助力学生自主复习,也为教师分层教学提供依据。
内容正文:
2024-2025学年沪教版五四制英语七年级下册
Unit 4 Honesty
【词汇】知识点清单
1. spell /spel/ v. 拼写;用字母拼写
过去式:spelled/spelt
过去分词:spelled/spelt
短语:
spell out 详细解释;逐个字母拼写
例句:
Can you spell it? 你能拼写它吗?
Could you please spell out the new word for us? 你能为我们详细拼写出这个新单词吗?
Spell out exactly how you feel. 把你的真实感受详细说出来。
2. champion /'tʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军;第一名
短语:
a world-champion 世界冠军
a champion swimmer 获得冠军的游泳运动员
拓展:捍卫者;拥护者
例句:
She became a world-champion in swimming. 她成为了游泳项目的世界冠军。
She was a champion of the poor all her life. 她终身都是穷苦人的卫士。
3. winner /ˈwɪnə(r)/ n. 获胜的人;优胜者
巧记:win (v. 获胜 双写 n)+ er (名词后缀)
反义词:loser 失败者
例句:
Let’s cheer for the winner. 让我们为获胜者而欢呼。
I am the winner! 我是获胜者!
4. praise /preɪz/ v. 表扬;赞扬;称赞
短语:
praise… for… 因…… 而称赞……
praise… as… 称赞…… 为……
praise… a lot 高度赞扬
例句:
He praised his team for their performance. 他称赞了各队员的表现。
People praise him as a hero. 人们称赞他为英雄。
They praised the movie a lot. 他们高度赞扬了这部电影。
5. mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ n. (言语或行为上的) 错误,失误
短语:
by mistake 错误地
make a mistake 犯错误
learn from mistakes 从所犯错误中吸取教训
例句:
I took your book by mistake. 我错拿了你的书。
Don’t worry, we all make mistakes. 没关系,我们都会犯错。
You must try to learn from your mistakes. 你得从所犯错误中吸取教训。
辨析:
error 更偏向于因违反标准、规则而产生的错误;
mistake 常指由于疏忽、缺乏正确判断造成的错误。
例句:
There’s an error in the grammar of this sentence. 这个句子的语法有错误。
He made a mistake in spelling the word. 他拼写这个单词时出错。
I made the mistake of giving him my address. 我真不该把我的地址给他。
6. truth /truːθ/ n. 真相;实情;事实;真实情况
同根词:true adj. 真实的
短语:
in truth 事实上;实际上
tell the truth 讲实话
例句:
In truth, he is a very kind-hearted person. 事实上,他是个非常善良的人。
Do you think she’s telling the truth? 你认为她在讲实话吗?
7. lie /laɪ/ n. 谎言;谎话
拓展:v. 撒谎,编造谎言 (lying, lied, lied)
短语:
white lie 善意的谎言
a pack of lies 一派谎言
tell a lie 说谎
lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
例句:
Sometimes we tell white lies to avoid hurting others.
有时候我们会说善意的谎言以免伤害他人。
You told me a pack of lies. 你跟我说的是一派胡言。
8. decision /dɪ'sɪʒn/ n. 决定;抉择
同根词:decide v. 决定
短语:
make/take a decision 作出决定
come to a decision 作出决定
reach a decision 作出决定
例句:
We need a decision on this by next week. 我们得在下周前就这一问题作出决定。
He is really bad at making decisions. 他的确不善于决策。
We must come to a decision about what to do next by tomorrow.
我们必须最晚明天就下一步做什么作出决定。
After a long discussion, they reached a decision. 经过长时间讨论,他们做出了决定。
9. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议;提议
短语:
make a suggestion 提出建议
suggestion for/about/on sth. 对…... 的建议
例句:
I made a suggestion that we should go on a picnic this weekend.
我提议我们这周末去野餐。
Do you have any suggestions for organizing the event?
对于组织这次活动你有什么建议吗?
辨析:
advice 是不可数名词,是基于专业知识或经验的,语气正式严肃,侧重正确合理的解决
问题方法;
suggestion 是可数名词,是个人想法,语气温和随意,重在提供可参考的想法或可能性。
例句:
He offered some useful advice. 他提出了一些有益的建议。
Can you give me a suggestion on how to solve this problem?
你能给我一个关于如何解决这个问题的建议吗?
10. trouble /'trʌbl/ n. 问题;困难
短语:
get into trouble 陷入困境
in trouble 处于困难中
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做…… 有困难
have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难;和…… 闹纠纷
例句:
He always gets into trouble because of his carelessness.
他总是因为粗心大意而陷入困境。
They helped him when he was in trouble. 当他有困难时,他们帮助了他。
I have trouble doing my homework. 我做作业的时候遇到了麻烦。
He has trouble with his math homework. 他做数学作业有困难。
They had trouble with their neighbors over the noise.
他们因为噪音问题和邻居闹了纠纷。
11. advice /əd'vaɪs/ n. 建议;意见
短语:
take one’s advice 接受某人的建议
a piece of advice 一条建议
ask for/give advice 寻求 / 给予建议
例句:
Take my advice. Don’t do it. 听我的劝告,别干这事。
Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一条建议。
12. column /'kɒləm/ n. 专栏;栏目
短语:a sports column 体育专栏
例句:
I like reading the sports column in this newspaper. 我喜欢读这份报纸上的体育专栏。
I always read her column in the local paper. 我一直读她在当地报纸上的专栏文章。
13. unluckily /ʌn'lʌkɪli/ adv. 不幸地;遗憾地;倒霉地
巧记:un (否定前缀)+ luckily (adv. 幸运地)
例句:
Unluckily, he missed the plane. 不幸的是,他错过了飞机。
Unluckily, the old man was not there. 不幸的是,老人不在那里。
14. copy /'kɒpi/
v. 抄袭;复制
n. (书、报纸等的) 一本,一册,一份
短语:
copy from/off sb. 从某人处抄袭;模仿某人
copy down/out 抄下;记下 (抄写;誊写)
a copy of… 一份……
make a copy 复制一份
例句:
Don’t copy from your classmate during the exam. 考试时别从同学那里抄袭。
Please copy down the important points. 请把要点抄下来。
He made a copy of the CD for his friend.
15. explain /ɪk'spleɪn/ v. 解释;说明
名词:explanation 解释;说明
短语:
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事
explain away 为…… 辩解;通过解释消除 (误会等)
例句:
It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. 对初学者解释这个问题很难。
He tried to explain away his mistake. 他试图为自己的错误辩解。
16. lend /lend/ v. 借给;借出
对应词:borrow 借入
短语:
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借出给某人 =lend sb. sth.
lend a hand 乐意帮忙
例句:
Can you lend me your car this evening? 你今晚能把汽车借给我用一下吗?
Will you lend your jacket to me for a little while? 能把你的夹克借给我一会儿吗?
I’d be glad to lend a hand. 我乐意帮忙。
辨析:
lend 强调主语把东西借给别人;
borrow 借入,借用,强调从他人处借入东西,短语为:
borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借某物。
例句:
He borrowed a book from the library. 他从图书馆借了一本书。
May I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗?
Could you please lend me some money? 你能借我点钱吗?
17. accidentally /ˌæksɪ'dentəli/ adv. 意外地;偶然地
巧记:accidental (adj. 偶然的)+ ly (副词后缀)
拓展:accident n. 意外 (by accident = accidentally)
例句:
I met an old classmate accidentally in the street. 我在街上偶然遇到了一位老同学。
We met by accident at the airport. 我们在机场不期而遇。
18. spill /spɪl/ v. (使) 洒出,溢出,泼出
过去式:spilt/spilled
过去分词:spilt/spilled
短语:spill the beans 泄露秘密
例句:
He always spilled the drinks. 他总是不小心把饮料给洒了。
Don’t spill the beans about our plan. 别把我们的计划泄露出去。
Don’t cry over spilt milk. 不要为打翻的牛奶哭泣。
19. careless /'keələs/ adj. 不小心的;不仔细的;粗心的
巧记:care (n. 小心)+ less (否定后缀)
反义词:careful 小心的;仔细的
名词:carelessness 粗心大意
比较 / 最高级:more/most careless
短语:be careless about/with 对…… 粗心大意
例句:
He is always careless with his schoolwork. 他做作业总是粗心大意。
20. accident /'æksɪdənt/ n. 意外;偶然的事
短语:
a car/road/traffic accident 车祸;公路 / 交通事故
in an accident 在事故中
have an accident 出事故
by accident 意外地
例句:
She broke a leg in an accident. 她在一次事故中摔断了腿。
She’ll have an accident one day. 她总有一天会出事的。
21. another /ə'nʌðə(r)/ det. 又一;再一
短语:
one after another 一个接一个地
one another 彼此,互相
例句:
They came into the room one after another. 他们一个接一个地走进房间。
We all try and help one another. 我们都尽力互相帮助。
辨析:
another 既可作形容词,也可作代词,用于三者或三者以上的不确定数目中的 “另一个”,
强调 “再一个,又一个”。
the other 常用来指两者中的 “另一个”,是特指,常构成 “one...the other...” 结构。
例句:
Could you please give me another cup of coffee? 你能再给我一杯咖啡吗?
I have two pens. One is red and the other is blue.
我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。
22. lifetime /'laɪftaɪm/ n. 一生;终身;有生之年
巧记:life (n. 一生)+ time (n. 时间)
短语:
once in a lifetime (可能) 一生只有一次
a lifetime of experience 毕生的经验
of a lifetime 一生难得的;一生中最…… 的
例句:
An opportunity like this comes once in a lifetime.
像这样的机会一生也许只会遇到一次。
This is an opportunity of a lifetime. 这是一个千载难逢的机会。
23. bass /bæs/ n. 鲈
用法:指鱼类时,单数和复数形式相同。
例句:
The angler caught a big bass. 钓鱼者钓到了一条大鲈鱼。
We saw several bass swimming near the shore. 我们看到几条鲈鱼在岸边游泳。
24. fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n. 渔民;钓鱼的人
巧记:fisher (n. 渔夫)+ man
复数:fishermen
例句:
The fishermen went out to sea early in the morning. 渔民们一大早就出海了。
25. island /ˈaɪlənd/ n. 岛
短语:on the island 在岛上
例句:
They live on a small island. 他们住在一个小岛上。
All is silent on the island now. 现在这个岛上一片寂静。
26. tie /taɪ/ v. 系;拴
短语:
tie up 系好;绑好;使…… 受限制
tie to 把…… 绑到…… 上
例句:
Please tie up the package. 请把包裹系好。
They tied him to a chair with cable. 他们用电缆把他绑在一把椅子上。
She tied a label on to the suitcase. 她把签条系在衣箱上。
27. bait /beɪt/ n. 鱼饵;诱饵
拓展:v. 装饵;用诱饵引诱
短语:
take the bait 咬了钓饵
rise to the bait 入圈套;上当受骗
例句:
He put some bait on the hook. 他在鱼钩上放了些鱼饵。
The fish took the bait. 鱼咬了钓饵。
He knew it might be a trick, but he still rose to the bait.
他知道这可能是个诡计,但还是上了当。
28. practise (AmE practice) /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习;训练
短语:
practice sth. on sb./sth. 跟…… 练习……
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
例句:
He usually wants to practise his English on me. 他通常想跟我练习英语。
She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴。
29. cast /kɑːst/ v. 投 (钓线);抛 (钓钩等)
过去式 / 过去分词:cast
拓展:投射 (光、影等)
例句:
The fisherman cast his line into the water. 渔夫把钓线抛进水里。
The sun cast long shadows on the ground. 太阳在地上投下长长的影子。
30. pole /pəʊl/ n. 杆子;棍;杖
短语:
telephone pole 电线杆
flag-pole 旗杆
拓展:地极;极点,South Pole 南极
例句:
There is a flag-pole in the schoolyard. 校园里有一根旗杆。
Penguins live near the South Pole. 企鹅生活在南极附近。
31. double /ˈdʌbl/ v. 把…… 对折;折叠
短语:double up 弯腰;折叠
例句:
She doubled the blanket and put it under his head. 她把毯子折叠起来给他做枕头。
Double the paper and then cut it. 把纸对折然后裁剪。
He doubled up with laughter. 他笑得直不起腰来。
32. end /end/ n. 尽头;末梢
短语:at the end of 在…… 尽头
拓展:(时间、事件、活动或故事等的) 终止,终结,结尾
例句:
There is a small shop at the end of the street. 在街道的尽头有一家小商店。
We faced problems, but in the end, we succeeded. 我们遇到困难,但最终成功了。
The test is at the end of May. 考试在五月底。
33. lift /lɪft/ v. 举起;抬起
例句:
He stood there with his arms lifted above his head. 他站在那里,胳臂举过了头顶。
John lifted his eyes from his book. 约翰从书本上抬起眼睛。
34. handsome /ˈhænsəm/ adj. 美观的;悦目的
例句:
The new library building looks handsome with its modern design.
新图书馆建筑因其现代的设计看起来美观大方。
The actor is quite handsome and very popular. 这位演员相当英俊,非常受欢迎。
35. as...as... 像…… 一样的
用法:中间接形容词、副词原级
否定形式:not as…as…/not so…as… 不如……;不像…… 那样……
例句:
He is as tall as his father. 他和他父亲一样高。
Tom speaks English as fluently as Jack. 汤姆说英语和杰克一样流利。
He doesn’t study as/so hard as his sister. 他学习不如他姐姐努力。
36. anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/ adv. 在任何地方
巧记:any (det. 任何)+ where
用法:用于否定句和疑问句中
拓展:somewhere 在某处 (用于肯定句中)
例句:
Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去过任何有趣的地方吗?
You can go anywhere you like. 你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。
37. though /ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然;尽管;即使
用法:even though 尽管;虽然
例句:
Though it was raining, he still went out. 尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。
Even though he was tired, he still helped me with my homework.
即使他很累,他还是帮我做了家庭作业。
38. hook /hʊk/ n. 钩;钓钩;鱼钩
短语:
a picture/curtain/coat hook 挂图 / 窗帘 / 挂衣钩
a fish hook 鱼钩
on the hook 在挂钩上
例句:
Hang your towel on the hook. 把你的毛巾挂在钩上。
The fish got away from the hook. 鱼脱钩了。
39. lip /lɪp/ n. 嘴唇
短语:upper/top/lower/bottom lip 上 / 下嘴唇
例句:
Her lips were red. 她的嘴唇红红的。
She bit her lower lip. 她咬着下唇。
I must learn to bite my lip. 我必须学会不随便说话。
40. lower /ˈlaʊə(r)/ v. 把…… 放低;使…… 降下
拓展:lower (low 的比较级)
短语:
lower down 降低;放低
lower oneself 降低自己的身份;自贬
例句:
Lower your voice. 降低你的声音。
Lower down the box carefully. 小心地把箱子放低。
He refused to lower himself by begging. 他拒绝以乞讨的方式自贬身份。
41. disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失;不见
巧记:dis (否定前缀)+ appear (v. 出现)
短语:disappear from… 从…… 消失
例句:
The plane disappeared in the clouds. 飞机消失在云层中。
Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view. 莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。
42. village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ n. 村庄;村镇
短语:
in the village 在村里
Olympic village 奥运村;奥林匹克村
例句:
We ran across some old friends in the village. 我们在村子里撞见了一些老朋友。
There is a small river near the village. 村庄附近有一条小河。
43. according to 依照;根据
例句:
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报,明天会下雨。
Everything went sweetly and according to plan. 一切按计划顺利进行。
44. perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 可能;大概;也许
同义词:maybe
例句:
Perhaps he is at home. 也许他在家。
You are, perhaps, right. 也许你是对的。
It’s getting late, perhaps we should go home now.
时间不早了,也许我们现在该回家了。
45. cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗;蒙骗
短语:
cheat into 骗某人做某事
cheat out of 骗取某人的 (钱财等)
例句:
Don’t cheat in the exam. 考试不要作弊。
They cheated him into signing the contract. 他们骗他签了合同。
He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了那位老妇人的钱。
46. tear /tɪə(r)/ n. 眼泪;泪珠;泪水
短语:
in tears 流着泪
burst into tears 放声大哭
例句:
She left the room in tears. 她哭着离开了房间。
He suddenly burst into tears. 他突然放声大哭起来。
A tear rolled down his face. 一滴眼泪沿他的面颊流下来。
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