内容正文:
2024-2025学年沪教版五四制英语七年级下册
Unit 3 A helping hand
【词汇】知识点清单
1. look through浏览;查看
例句:
She looked through the magazine while waiting for the bus.
她在等公交车的时候快速翻阅了那本杂志。
I looked through my notes before the exam. 考试前我仔细查看了我的笔记。
拓展:
look through 更注重浏览、翻阅的动作,可以是随意的,也可以是带着找东西的目
的。
look over 强调检查事物的情况,确保没有问题。
look into 主要是针对问题进行调查、研究。
look up 一是用于查资料,二是用于改变视线方向向上看。
例句:
The teacher looked over our homework carefully. 老师仔细检查了我们的作业。
The police are looking into the accident. 警察正在调查这起事故。
If you don’t know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不认识这个单词,你可以在字典里查阅它。
He looked up and saw a beautiful bird in the tree.
他抬头看,看到树上有一只漂亮的鸟。
2. everyday /ˈevrideɪ/ adj. 每天的;日常的
短语:everyday life 日常生活
辨析:
everyday 是形容词,常用来修饰名词,在其前作定语。
every day 是副词短语,意为 “每天”,主要用来表示时间频率,说明某个动作或情
况是每日发生的。在句中作时间状语,位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中或句
末。
例句:
The Internet has become part of everyday life. 互联网已成为日常生活的一部分。
Wear your everyday clothes, there’s no need to dress up.
穿你平时的衣服就行,没必要盛装打扮。
This is an everyday problem. 这是一个日常问题。
Every day, I go for a walk after dinner. 我每天晚饭后都会去散步。
I drink a glass of milk every day. 我每天喝一杯牛奶。
3. elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 上了年纪的
区别:old adj. 年老的 (elderly 比 old 委婉和正式)
反义词:young
短语:an elderly couple 一对老年夫妇;elderly relatives 年老的亲戚
拓展:the+ adj. 可表示某一类人,如 the poor(穷人)、the rich(富人)、the
young(年轻人)、the blind(盲人)、the homeless(无家可归者)
例句:
The elderly man walks slowly with the help of a cane.
那位老人借助拐杖慢慢地走着。
We should show more respect and care for the elderly.
我们应该对老年人表现出更多的尊重和关爱。
The young are the future of the country. 年轻人是国家的未来。
4. rebuild /ˌriːˈbɪld/ v. 重建;重组
巧记:re (再,重新)+build (v. 建造)
过去式、过去分词:rebuilt
短语:
rebuild a bridge/… 重建一座桥 /……;
rebuild a friendship 重建友谊;
rebuild confidence 重建信心
例句:
People set about rebuilding their homes. 人们开始重建家园。
They finally decided to rebuild their friendship. 他们最终决定重建友谊。
5. cigarette /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ n. 香烟
短语:
a packet/pack of cigarettes 一包香烟;
smoke a cigarette 吸烟;
light a cigarette 点燃一支香烟
例句:
Cigarette smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟有害健康。
She took out a lighter to light a cigarette. 她拿出打火机点了一支烟。
6. prevent /prɪˈvent/ v. 阻止;阻碍
短语:prevent pollution 防止污染;prevent …from doing… 阻止… 做某事…
例句:
The heavy rain prevented us from going out. 大雨阻止了我们外出。
We must prevent pollution to protect our environment.
我们必须防止污染以保护我们的环境。
7. impress /ɪmˈpres/ v. 给…… 留下深刻的好印象
同根词:impression n. 印象;感觉;impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
短语:
impress sb. with sth. 因某事给某人留下印象;
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事;
be impressed by/with 被… 所打动;对… 印象深刻
例句:
He impressed me with his knowledge of history.
他丰富的历史知识给我留下了深刻印象。
The teacher impressed the importance of honesty on her students.
老师让学生们铭记诚实的重要性。
I was really impressed by the beautiful scenery there.
那里美丽的风景着实让我印象深刻。
8. key /kiː/ n. 钥匙;关键
短语:the key to …… 的钥匙;the key to… …… 的关键 (to 为介词)
例句:
He turned the key in the lock. 他转动钥匙开锁。
Here’s the key to the front door. 这是前门的钥匙。
The key to success is preparation. 成功的关键是准备。
9. drop /drɒp/ v. 落下;掉下
过去式 / 过去分词:dropped
短语:drop down 落下;降下;(使) 降低
拓展:使落下;降低;减少;放弃;停止;中断;顺便走访;让…… 下车
drop by 顺便拜访;顺路走访
drop off 减少;下降;让…… 下车;睡着了;放下 (某物)
drop out 退出;退学;脱离
例句:
The temperature dropped down sharply last night. 昨晚气温急剧下降。
I’ll drop by your house this evening. 我今晚顺便去你家拜访。
The number of students in this school has dropped off in recent years.
这所学校的学生人数近年来有所减少。
Could you drop me off at the train station? 你能让我在火车站下车吗?
He dropped out of college to start his own business. 他从大学退学去创业了。
10. wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包
短语:lose one’s wallet 丢失钱包;e-wallet 电子钱包
例句:
She found a wallet on the street. 她在街上发现了一个钱包。
He lost his wallet and was very worried. 他把钱包丢了,非常着急。
11. contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛;竞赛
短语:
have/enter a contest 举办 / 参加比赛;
win/lose a contest 赢得竞赛;竞赛失败;
singing/speech contest 歌唱 / 演讲比赛
例句:
We entered a fishing contest. 我们参加了钓鱼比赛。
He won the speech contest. 他赢得了演讲比赛。
12. lost /lɒst/ adj. 弄不懂;困惑
短语:be/get lost 对…… 感到困惑;迷路;be lost in 沉迷于
例句:
They spoke so quickly I just got lost. 他们说得太快,我简直给弄糊涂了。
Hang on a minute—I’m lost. 等一下,我没弄明白。
I got lost in the forest. 我在森林里迷路了。
He was lost in thought and didn’t hear me. 他陷入了沉思,没听到我说话。
13. shelf /ʃelf/ n. 架子;搁板
拓展:bookshelf 书架
短语:
on the shelf 在架子上;
supermarket/library shelves 超市的货架;图书馆的书架
例句:
There are many books on the shelf. 架子上有很多书。
14. librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ n. 图书馆馆长;图书管理员
巧记:library (n. 图书馆 去 y)+ian (名词后缀)
短语:head librarian 图书馆馆长
例句:
The librarian helped me find the book I wanted.
图书管理员帮我找到了我想要的书。
She is the head librarian of our school library. 她是我们学校图书馆的馆长。
15. check out借阅;借出
拓展:
结账离开 (酒店、旅馆等);结账付款;检查;查看;核实;查证;看看;瞧瞧
例句:
You can check out five books at a time. 你一次可以借阅五本书。
You need to check out before 12 o’clock noon. 你需要在中午 12 点前退房。
I’ll check out at the cashier. 我会在收银台结账。
The mechanic checked out the car to see what was wrong.
机械师检查了汽车,看看出了什么问题。
Please check out the facts before you make a decision.
在做决定之前请核实一下事实。
Check out that new movie. It’s really good. 看看那部新电影,真的很不错。
out 相关短语:
help out 帮助摆脱(困境);协助;救助
look out 小心、注意
turn out 结果是、证明是
work out 锻炼;解决 (问题)
例句:
Could you help me out with this math problem? 你能帮我解决这道数学题吗?
It turned out that he was right. 结果证明他是对的。
16. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 突发事件;紧急情况
短语:
emergency room 急诊室;
emergency exit 紧急出口;
in an emergency 紧急情况;
in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况
例句:
He was sent to the emergency room immediately. 他被立即送往了急诊室。
This door should only be used in an emergency. 这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
17. kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 仁慈;善良
巧记:kind (adj. 善良的)+ness (名词后缀)
短语:show kindness to 对…… 表示友善
例句:We should show kindness to others. 我们应该对他人表示友善。
18. usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的;寻常的
同根词:usually adv. 通常地
反义词:unusual 不寻常的
短语:as usual 像往常一样;usual practice 惯例
例句:
As usual, he gets up early in the morning. 像往常一样,他早上起得很早。
It’s our usual practice to have a meeting on Monday. 周一开会是我们的惯例。
19. neighbour (AmE neighbor) /ˈneɪbə(r)/ n. 邻居;邻人
同根词:neighbourhood n. 社区,四邻;邻里情谊
短语:next-door neighbour 隔壁邻居
例句:
She often helps her next-door neighbour. 她经常帮助她的隔壁邻居。
20. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的;忽然的
副词:suddenly /ˈsʌdənli/ 突然;忽然
短语:all of a sudden = suddenly 突然;猛地;一下子
例句:
There was a sudden rain yesterday. 昨天下了一场突如其来的雨。
The sudden change in the weather surprised us. 天气的突然变化让我们很惊讶。
All of a sudden/Suddenly, it began to rain heavily. 突然,雨下得很大。
21. attack /əˈtæk/ n. 发作;侵袭
短语:heart attack 心脏病发作;under attack 遭遇侵袭
例句:
He had a heart attack last night. 他昨晚心脏病发作了。
The city was under attack during the war. 战争期间这座城市遭到了袭击。
22. pale /peɪl/ adj. 灰白的;苍白的
短语:pale with fear 害怕得脸色苍白;go/turn pale 变得苍白
例句:
He grew pale with fear. 他害怕得脸色发白了。
She looked pale after the illness. 生病后她看起来脸色苍白。
His face turned pale when he heard the bad news.
听到这个坏消息时,他的脸色变得苍白。
23. sweat /swet/ n. 汗
拓展:v. 出汗;流汗
短语:
no sweat 不费力地;
cold sweat 冷汗;
break out in a cold sweat (因紧张、害怕等) 突然大汗淋漓;
sweat heavily 汗流浃背
例句:
Thanks for everything.’ ‘Hey, no sweat!’
“谢谢你帮了这么多忙。”“嗐,没什么!”
He was covered in sweat after running. 跑步后他浑身是汗。
The little boy broke out in a cold sweat when he saw the big dog.
那个小男孩看到那只大狗时,突然冒出了一身冷汗。
She sweats heavily in summer. 她夏天很容易出汗。
24. shock /ʃɒk/ v. 使震惊;使惊愕
短语:be shocked at 对…… 感到震惊
例句:
The news shocked everyone. 这个消息震惊了所有人。
I was shocked at his rudeness. 我对他的无礼感到震惊。
25. calm /kɑːm/ v. 使平静;使镇静
短语:calm down 冷静下来;calm sb. down 使某人冷静下来
例句:
You should calm down when you are angry. 生气的时候你应该冷静下来。
She tried to calm him down. 她试图让他冷静下来。
26. himself /hɪmˈself/ pron. (用作男性的反身代词) 他自己;自己
短语:
by himself 独自地;他自己;
help himself 自用;请自便 (用于招待客人等场景,这里 himself 是 help oneself 的
一种形式)
例句:
He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成了这项工作。
Tell him to help himself to the fruits. 告诉他随便吃水果。
27. nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ pron. 没有人
用法:具有否定意义,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
短语:nobody else 没有其他人
例句:
Nobody knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。
There was nobody else in the room. 房间里没有其他人。
Nobody but him can solve this problem. 除了他没人能解决这个问题。
28. lady /ˈleɪdi/ n. 女士;女子
短语:young lady 年轻女士;ladies and gentlemen 女士们先生们
例句:
The young lady over there is my sister. 那边的年轻女士是我的姐姐。
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our party.
女士们先生们,欢迎来到我们的派对。
29. quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ adv. 迅速地;很快地
巧记:quick (adj. 迅速的)+ly (副词后缀)
例句:
He ran quickly to catch the bus. 他快速跑去赶公交车。
She finished her homework quickly. 她很快就完成了家庭作业。
30. operator /ˈɒpəreɪtə(r)/ n. 电话员;接线员
巧记:operate (v. 操作 去 e)+or (名词后缀)
例句:
The operator connected me to the wrong number. 接线员给我接错了电话。
My mother used to be a telephone operator. 我妈妈以前是一名电话接线员。
31. clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地;清晰地
巧记:clear (adj. 清晰的)+ly (副词后缀)
例句:
Can you speak clearly? 你能说清楚点吗?
I can see the words on the blackboard clearly. 我能清楚地看到黑板上的字。
32. ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/ n. 救护车
短语:call an ambulance 叫救护车
例句:
They called an ambulance immediately when they saw the accident.
他们看到事故后立刻叫了救护车。
33. pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸;药片
短语:take a pill 吃药丸
例句:
You should take this pill three times a day. 你应该一天吃三次这种药丸。
She forgot to take her pills this morning. 她今天早上忘了吃药。
34. aid /eɪd/ n. 帮助;援助
短语:first aid 急救;with the aid of 在…… 的帮助下
例句:
We should learn some knowledge about first aid. 我们应该学习一些急救知识。
With the aid of his teacher, he made great progress.
在老师的帮助下,他取得了很大的进步。
35. once /wʌns/ adv. 一次;曾经
短语:
once a week/month/year 一周 / 月 / 年一次;
once upon a time 从前;很久以前;
once again/more 再次;又一次;
once in a while 偶尔;间或;
at once 马上;立刻
例句:
He cleans his car once a week. 他每周洗一次汽车。
She only sees her parents once every six months. 她每半年才探望一次父母。
Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. 从前,有一位美丽的公主。
Let me hear it just once more. 让我再听一遍。
Once in a while, I like to watch scary movies. 偶尔,我喜欢看恐怖电影。
Don’t all speak at once! 大家不要同时讲!
Come here at once! 马上到这里来!
36. nod /nɒd/ v. 点头
短语:nod one’s head 点头;nod in agreement 点头表示同意
例句:
She nodded her head when she heard the good news.
听到这个好消息时,她点了点头。
He nodded in agreement with my plan. 他点头同意了我的计划。
37. thankful /ˈθæŋkfl/ adj. 感谢;感激
短语:be thankful for 为…… 而感激;be thankful to do sth. 因做某事而心怀感激
例句:
We should be thankful for our parents’ love. 我们应该感激父母的爱。
She was very thankful for his help. 她非常感激他的帮助。
I was thankful to see they'd all arrived safely. 看到他们都平安到达,我感到欣慰。
38. grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的;表示感谢的
短语:
be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人感激;
be grateful for sth. 对某事心怀感激;
be grateful to do sth. 感激能做某事
例句:
I am grateful to my teacher for her patient teaching. 我感激我的老师耐心的教导。
I am grateful for the opportunity to study abroad.
= I’m grateful to have the opportunity to study abroad.
我很感激能有机会出国留学。
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